1.\" $OpenBSD: rdist.1,v 1.51 2024/12/30 07:13:33 jmc Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 15.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 16.\" without specific prior written permission. 17.\" 18.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 19.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 20.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 21.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 22.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 23.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 24.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 25.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 26.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 27.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 28.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.\" $From: rdist.man,v 6.34 1996/01/29 22:37:19 mcooper Exp $ 31.\" @(#)rdist.1 6.6 (Berkeley) 5/13/86 32.\" 33.Dd $Mdocdate: December 30 2024 $ 34.Dt RDIST 1 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm rdist 38.Nd remote file distribution client program 39.Sh SYNOPSIS 40.Nm rdist 41.Bk -words 42.Op Fl DFnV 43.Op Fl A Ar num 44.Op Fl a Ar num 45.Op Fl c Ar mini_distfile 46.Op Fl d Ar var Ns = Ns Ar value 47.Op Fl f Ar distfile 48.Op Fl L Ar remote_logopts 49.Op Fl l Ar local_logopts 50.Op Fl M Ar maxproc 51.Op Fl m Ar host 52.Op Fl o Ar distopts 53.Op Fl P Ar rsh-path 54.Op Fl p Ar rdistd-path 55.Op Fl t Ar timeout 56.Op Ar name ... 57.Ek 58.Sh DESCRIPTION 59.Nm 60is a program to maintain identical copies of files over multiple hosts. 61It preserves the owner, group, mode, and mtime of files if possible and 62can update programs that are executing. 63.Pp 64.Nm 65reads commands from 66.Pa distfile 67to direct the updating of files and/or directories. 68If 69.Pa distfile 70is 71.Sq - , 72the standard input is used. 73If no 74.Fl f 75option is present, the program looks first for 76.Pa distfile , 77then 78.Pa Distfile , 79to use as the input. 80If no names are specified on the command line, 81.Nm 82will update all of the files and directories listed in 83.Pa distfile . 84If the file 85.Pa /etc/Distfile 86exists, 87it will be run automatically by the clock daemon 88.Xr cron 8 , 89via the system script 90.Xr daily 8 . 91.Pp 92If 93.Ar name 94is specified, 95it is taken to be the name of a file to be updated 96or the label of a command to execute. 97If label and file names conflict, it is assumed to be a label. 98These may be used together to update specific files using specific commands. 99.Pp 100.Nm 101uses a remote shell command to access each target host. 102By default, 103.Xr ssh 1 104is used unless overridden by the 105.Fl P 106option or the 107.Ev RSH 108environment variable. 109If the target host is the string 110.Dq localhost 111and the remote user name is the same as the local user name, 112.Nm 113will run the command: 114.Bd -literal -offset indent 115/bin/sh -c rdistd -S 116.Ed 117.Pp 118Otherwise, 119.Nm 120will run the command: 121.Bd -literal -offset indent 122ssh <host> -l <login_name> rdistd -S 123.Ed 124.Pp 125.Ar host 126is the name of the target host; 127.Ar login_name 128is the name of the user to make the connection as. 129.Pp 130On each target host 131.Nm 132will attempt to run the command: 133.Bd -literal -offset indent 134rdistd -S 135.Ed 136.Pp 137Or if the 138.Fl p 139option was specified, 140.Nm 141will attempt to run the command: 142.Bd -literal -offset indent 143<rdistd path> -S 144.Ed 145.Pp 146If no 147.Fl p 148option is specified, or 149.Aq Ar rdistd path 150is a simple filename, 151.Xr rdistd 1 152or 153.Aq Ar rdistd path 154must be somewhere in the 155.Ev PATH 156of the user running 157.Nm 158on the remote (target) host. 159.Pp 160The options are as follows: 161.Bl -tag -width Ds 162.It Fl A Ar num 163Set the minimum number of free files (inodes) on a filesystem that must exist 164for 165.Nm 166to update or install a file. 167.It Fl a Ar num 168Set the minimum amount of free space (in bytes) on a filesystem that must exist 169for 170.Nm 171to update or install a file. 172.It Fl c Ar mini_distfile 173Forces 174.Nm 175to interpret the remaining arguments as a small distfile. 176The format is: 177.Bd -literal -offset indent 178$ rdist -c name ... [login@]host[:dest] 179.Ed 180.Pp 181The equivalent distfile is as follows: 182.Bd -literal -offset indent 183( name ... ) -> [login@]host 184 install [dest] ; 185.Ed 186.It Fl D 187Enable copious debugging messages. 188.It Xo 189.Fl d Ar var Ns = Ns Ar value 190.Xc 191Define 192.Ar var 193to have 194.Ar value . 195This 196option is used to define or override variable definitions in 197.Pa distfile . 198.Ar value 199can be the empty string, one name, or a list of names surrounded by 200parentheses and separated by tabs and/or spaces. 201.It Fl F 202Do not fork any child 203.Nm 204processes. 205All clients are updated sequentially. 206.It Fl f Ar distfile 207Set the name of the distfile to 208.Ar distfile . 209If 210.Sq - 211(dash) is used then read from standard input (stdin). 212.It Fl L Ar remote_logopts 213Set remote logging options. 214See the section 215.Sx MESSAGE LOGGING 216for details on the syntax for 217.Ar remote_logopts . 218.It Fl l Ar local_logopts 219Set local logging options. 220See the section 221.Sx MESSAGE LOGGING 222for details on the syntax for 223.Ar local_logopts . 224.It Fl M Ar maxproc 225Set the maximum number of simultaneously running child 226.Nm 227processes to 228.Ar maxproc . 229The default is 4. 230.It Fl m Ar host 231Limit which machines are to be updated. 232Multiple 233.Fl m 234arguments can be given to limit updates to a subset of the hosts listed in 235.Pa distfile . 236.It Fl n 237Print the commands without executing them. 238This option is useful for debugging a distfile. 239.It Fl o Ar distopts 240Specify the dist options to enable. 241.Ar distopts 242is a comma separated list of options which are listed below. 243The valid values for 244.Ar distopts 245are: 246.Bl -tag -width Ds 247.It Ic chknfs 248Do not check or update files on the target host 249that reside on NFS filesystems. 250.It Ic chkreadonly 251Enable a check on the target host 252to see if a file resides on a read-only filesystem. 253If a file does, then no checking or updating of the file is attempted. 254.It Ic chksym 255If the target on the remote host is a symbolic link, but is not on the 256master host, the remote target will be left a symbolic link. 257This behavior is generally considered a bug in the original version of 258.Nm rdist , 259but is present to allow compatibility with older versions. 260.It Ic compare 261Binary comparison. 262Perform a binary comparison and update files if they differ rather than 263comparing dates and sizes. 264.It Ic defgroup Ns Op = Ns Ar groupname 265If the group of a file to be transferred does not exist on the destination 266host, use the specified group instead. 267If 268.Ar groupname 269is not specified, the 270.Em bin 271group is used. 272.It Ic defowner Ns Op = Ns Ar owner 273If the owner of a file to be transferred does not exist on the destination 274host, use the specified owner instead. 275If 276.Ar owner 277is not specified, the user 278.Em bin 279is used. 280.It Ic follow 281Follow symbolic links. 282Copy the file that the link points to rather than the link itself. 283.It Ic history 284When 285.Ic savetargets 286and 287.Ic history 288are both defined then the target file that is updated is first renamed from 289.Pa file 290to 291.Pa file.NNN 292where NNN increases for each generation update. 293The first generation is 001, and the last is 999. 294After 999 generations, the counter is reset and stuck to 001, 295and 001 will get overwritten all the time. 296This is undesirable behavior, so some other method needs to be devised 297to clean up or limit the number of generations. 298.It Ic ignlnks 299Ignore unresolved links. 300.Nm 301will normally try to maintain the link structure of files being transferred 302and warn the user if all the links cannot be found. 303.It Ic nochkgroup 304Do not check group ownership of files that already exist. 305The file ownership is only set when the file is updated. 306.It Ic nochkmode 307Do not check file and directory permission modes. 308The permission mode is only set when the file is updated. 309.It Ic nochkowner 310Do not check user ownership of files that already exist. 311The file ownership is only set when the file is updated. 312.It Ic nodescend 313Do not descend into a directory. 314Normally, 315.Nm 316will recursively check directories. 317If this option is enabled, then any files listed in the file list in the 318distfile that are directories are not recursively scanned. 319Only the existence, ownership, and mode of the directory are checked. 320.It Ic noexec 321Automatically exclude executable binary files in 322.Xr elf 5 323format from being checked or updated. 324.It Ic numchkgroup 325Use the numeric group ID (GID) to check group ownership instead of 326the group name. 327.It Ic numchkowner 328Use the numeric user ID (UID) to check user ownership instead of 329the user name. 330.It Ic quiet 331Quiet mode. 332Files that are being modified are normally printed on standard output. 333This option suppresses that. 334.It Ic remove 335Remove extraneous files. 336If a directory is being updated, any files that exist on the remote host 337that do not exist in the master directory are removed. 338This is useful for maintaining truly identical copies of directories. 339.It Ic savetargets 340Save files that are updated instead of removing them. 341Any target file that is updated is first renamed from 342.Pa file 343to 344.Pa file.OLD . 345.It Ic sparse 346Enable checking for sparse files. 347One of the most common types of sparse files are those produced by 348.Xr dbopen 3 . 349This option adds some additional processing overhead so it should 350only be enabled for targets likely to contain sparse files. 351.It Ic updateperm 352Do not send the whole file when the size and the modification time match. 353Instead, just update the ownership, group, and permissions as necessary. 354.It Ic verify 355Verify that the files are up to date on all the hosts. 356Any files that are out of date will be displayed 357but no files will be changed and no mail will be sent. 358.It Ic whole 359Whole mode. 360The whole file name is appended to the destination directory name. 361Normally, only the last component of a name is used when renaming files. 362This will preserve the directory structure of the files being 363copied instead of flattening the directory structure. 364For example, rdisting a list of files such as 365.Pa /p/dir1/f1 366and 367.Pa /p/dir2/f2 368to 369.Pa /tmp/dir 370would create files 371.Pa /tmp/dir/p/dir1/f1 372and 373.Pa /tmp/dir/p/dir2/f2 374instead of 375.Pa /tmp/dir/dir1/f1 376and 377.Pa /tmp/dir/dir2/f2 . 378.It Ic younger 379Younger mode. 380Files are normally updated if their 381.Em mtime 382and 383.Em size 384(see 385.Xr stat 2 ) 386disagree. 387This option causes 388.Nm 389not to update files that are younger than the master copy. 390This can be used to prevent newer copies on other hosts from being replaced. 391A warning message is printed for files which are newer than the master copy. 392.El 393.It Fl P Ar rsh-path 394Set the path to the remote shell command. 395.Ar rsh-path 396may be a colon separated list of possible pathnames, 397in which case the first component of the path to exist is used. 398.It Fl p Ar rdistd-path 399Set the path where the rdistd server is searched for on the target host. 400.It Fl t Ar timeout 401Set the timeout period, 402in seconds, 403for waiting for responses from the remote 404.Nm 405server. 406The default is 900 seconds. 407.It Fl V 408Print version information and exit. 409.El 410.Sh DISTFILES 411The 412.Pa distfile 413contains a sequence of entries that specify the files 414to be copied, the destination hosts, and what operations to perform 415to do the updating. 416Each entry has one of the following formats. 417.Bd -literal -offset indent 418<variable name> = <name list> 419[ label: ] <source list> -> <destination list> <command list> 420[ label: ] <source list> :: <timestamp file> <command list> 421.Ed 422.Pp 423The first format is used for defining variables. 424The second format is used for distributing files to other hosts. 425The third format is used for making lists of files that have been changed 426since some given date. 427The 428.Ar source list 429specifies a list of files and/or directories on the local host which are to 430be used as the master copy for distribution. 431The 432.Ar destination list 433is the list of hosts to which these files are to be copied. 434Each file in the source list is added to a list of changes if the file 435is out of date on the host which is being updated (second format) or 436the file is newer than the 437.Ar timestamp file 438(third format). 439.Pp 440Newlines, tabs, and blanks are only used as separators and are 441otherwise ignored. 442Comments begin with 443.Sq # 444and end with a newline. 445.Pp 446Variables to be expanded begin with 447.Sq $ 448followed by one character or a name enclosed in curly braces 449(see the examples at the end). 450.Pp 451Labels are optional. 452They are used to identify a specific command to execute 453(for example, allowing an update of a subset of a repository). 454.Pp 455The source and destination lists have the following format: 456.Bd -literal -offset indent 457<name> 458.Ed 459or 460.Bd -literal -compact -offset indent 461`(' <zero or more names separated by whitespace> `)' 462.Ed 463.Pp 464These simple lists can be modified by using one level of set addition, 465subtraction, or intersection like this: 466.Pp 467.Dl list - list 468or 469.Dl list + list 470or 471.Dl list & list 472.Pp 473If additional modifications are needed (e.g.\& 474.Do 475all servers and client machines except for the OSF/1 machines 476.Dc ) 477then the list will have to be explicitly constructed in steps using 478.Dq temporary 479variables. 480.Pp 481The shell meta-characters 482.Sq \&[ , 483.Sq \&] , 484.Sq \&{ , 485.Sq \&} , 486.Sq * , 487and 488.Sq \&? 489are recognized and expanded (on the local host only) in the same way as 490.Xr ksh 1 . 491They can be escaped with a backslash. 492The 493.Sq ~ 494character is also expanded in the same way as 495.Xr ksh 1 496but is expanded separately on the local and destination hosts. 497When the 498.Fl o Ar whole 499option is used with a file name that begins with 500.Sq \&~ , 501everything except the home directory is appended to the destination name. 502File names which do not begin with 503.Sq / 504or 505.Sq ~ 506use the destination user's 507home directory as the root directory for the rest of the file name. 508.Pp 509The command list consists of zero or more commands of the following 510format: 511.Bl -column "except_pat" "<pattern list>" "opt_dest_name" ";" -offset indent 512.It install Ta <options> Ta opt_dest_name Ta ; 513.It notify Ta <name list> Ta "" Ta ; 514.It except Ta <name list> Ta "" Ta ; 515.It except_pat Ta <pattern list> Ta "" Ta ; 516.It special Ta <name list> Ta string Ta ; 517.It cmdspecial Ta <name list> Ta string Ta ; 518.El 519.Pp 520The 521.Cm install 522command is used to copy out-of-date files and/or directories. 523Each source file is copied to each host in the destination list. 524Directories are recursively copied in the same way. 525.Ar opt_dest_name 526is an optional parameter to rename files. 527If no 528.Cm install 529command appears in the command list or the destination name is not specified, 530the source file name is used. 531Directories in the path name will be created if they 532do not exist on the remote host. 533The 534.Fl o Ar distopts 535option as specified above has the same semantics as 536on the command line except 537.Ar distopts 538only applies to the files in the source list. 539The login name used on the destination host is the same as the local host 540unless the destination name is of the format 541.Dq login@host . 542.Pp 543The 544.Cm notify 545command is used to mail the list of files updated (and any errors 546that may have occurred) to the listed names. 547If no `@' appears in the name, the destination host is appended to 548the name 549(e.g. name1@host, name2@host, ...). 550.Pp 551The 552.Cm except 553command is used to update all of the files in the source list 554.Sy except 555for the files listed in 556.Ar name list . 557This is usually used to copy everything in a directory except certain files. 558.Pp 559The 560.Cm except_pat 561command is like the 562.Cm except 563command except that 564.Ar pattern list 565is a list of basic regular expressions 566(see 567.Xr re_format 7 568for details). 569If one of the patterns matches some string within a file name, that file will 570be ignored. 571Note that since 572.Sq \e 573is a quote character, it must be doubled to become 574part of the regular expression. 575Variables are expanded in 576.Ar pattern list 577but not shell file pattern matching characters. 578To include a 579.Sq $ , 580it must be escaped with 581.Sq \e . 582.Pp 583The 584.Cm special 585command is used to specify 586.Xr sh 1 587commands that are to be executed on the remote host after the file in 588.Ar name list 589is updated or installed. 590If the 591.Ar name list 592is omitted then the shell commands will be executed for every file 593updated or installed. 594.Ar string 595starts and ends with 596.Sq \&" 597and can cross multiple lines in 598.Pa distfile . 599Multiple commands to the shell should be separated by `;'. 600Commands are executed in the user's home directory on the host 601being updated. 602The 603.Cm special 604command can be used, for example, to rebuild private databases 605after a program has been updated. 606The following environment variables are set for each 607.Cm special 608command: 609.Pp 610.Bl -tag -width "BASEFILE" -offset 3n -compact 611.It Ev FILE 612The full pathname of the local file that was just updated. 613.It Ev REMFILE 614The full pathname of the remote file that was just updated. 615.It BASEFILE 616The basename of the remote file that was just updated. 617.El 618.Pp 619The 620.Cm cmdspecial 621command is similar to the 622.Cm special 623command, except it is executed only when the entire command is completed 624instead of after each file is updated. 625The list of files is placed in the 626.Ev FILES 627environment variable. 628Each file name in 629.Ev FILES 630is separated by a 631.Sq :\& 632(colon). 633.Pp 634If a hostname ends in a 635.Sq + 636(plus sign), 637then the plus 638is stripped off and NFS checks are disabled. 639This is equivalent to disabling the 640.Fl o Ar chknfs 641option just for this one host. 642.Sh MESSAGE LOGGING 643.Nm 644uses a collection of predefined message 645.Em facilities 646that each contain a list of message 647.Em types 648specifying which types of messages to send to that facility. 649The local client 650and the remote server 651each maintain their own copy 652of what types of messages to log to what facilities. 653.Pp 654The 655.Fl l 656.Ar local_logopts 657option specifies the logging options to use locally; 658.Fl L 659.Ar remote_logopts 660specifies the logging options to pass to the remote server. 661.Pp 662Logging options should be of the form: 663.Pp 664.D1 facility=types:facility=types... 665.Pp 666The valid facility names are: 667.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent 668.It Ic file 669Log to a file. 670To specify the file name, use the format 671.Dq file=filename=types . 672For example: 673.Pp 674.Dl file=/tmp/rdist.log=all,debug 675.It Ic notify 676Use the internal 677.Nm 678.Ic notify 679facility. 680This facility is used in conjunction with the 681.Ic notify 682keyword in a 683.Pa distfile 684to specify what messages are mailed to the 685.Ic notify 686address. 687.It Ic stdout 688Messages to standard output. 689.It Ic syslog 690Use the 691.Xr syslogd 8 692facility. 693.El 694.Pp 695.Ar types 696should be a comma separated list of message types. 697Each message type specified enables that message level. 698This is unlike the 699.Xr syslog 3 700system facility which uses an ascending order scheme. 701The following are the valid types: 702.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent 703.It Ic all 704All but debug messages. 705.It Ic change 706Things that change. 707This includes files that are installed or updated in some way. 708.It Ic debug 709Debugging information. 710.It Ic ferror 711Fatal errors. 712.It Ic info 713General information. 714.It Ic nerror 715Normal errors that are not fatal. 716.It Ic notice 717General info about things that change. 718This includes things like making directories which are needed in order 719to install a specific target, but which are not explicitly specified in the 720.Pa distfile . 721.It Ic warning 722Warnings about errors which are not as serious as 723.Ic nerror 724type messages. 725.El 726.Pp 727Here is a sample command line option: 728.Bd -literal -offset indent 729-l stdout=all:syslog=change,notice:file=/tmp/rdist.log=all 730.Ed 731.Pp 732This entry will set local message logging to have all but debug 733messages sent to standard output, change and notice messages will 734be sent to 735.Xr syslog 3 , 736and all messages will be written to the file 737.Pa /tmp/rdist.log . 738.Sh ENVIRONMENT 739.Bl -tag -width "TMPDIR" 740.It RSH 741Name of the default remote shell program to use. 742The default is 743.Xr ssh 1 . 744.It TMPDIR 745Name of the temporary directory to use. 746The default is 747.Pa /tmp . 748.El 749.Sh FILES 750.Bl -tag -width "$TMPDIR/rdist*XXX" -compact 751.It Pa {d,D}istfile 752.Nm 753command file. 754.It Pa /etc/Distfile 755System-wide 756.Nm 757command file. 758.It Pa $TMPDIR/rdist* 759Temporary file for update lists. 760.El 761.Sh EXAMPLES 762The following is an example 763.Pa distfile : 764.Bd -literal -offset indent 765HOSTS = ( matisse root@arpa) 766 767FILES = ( /bin /lib /usr/bin /usr/games 768 /usr/include/{*.h,{stand,sys,vax*,pascal,machine}/*.h} 769 /usr/lib /usr/man/man? /usr/ucb /usr/local/rdist ) 770 771EXLIB = ( Mail.rc aliases aliases.db crontab dshrc 772 sendmail.cf sendmail.hf sendmail.st uucp vfont ) 773 774${FILES} -> ${HOSTS} 775 install -oremove,chknfs ; 776 except /usr/lib/${EXLIB} ; 777 except /usr/games/lib ; 778 special /usr/lib/sendmail "/usr/lib/sendmail -bi" ; 779 780srcs: 781/usr/src/bin -> arpa 782 except_pat ( \e\e.o\e$ /SCCS\e$ ) ; 783 784IMAGEN = (ips dviimp catdvi) 785 786imagen: 787/usr/local/${IMAGEN} -> arpa 788 install /usr/local/lib ; 789 notify ralph ; 790 791sendmail.cf :: stamp.cory 792 notify root@cory ; 793.Ed 794.Pp 795Using the above 796.Pa distfile : 797.Pp 798Update everything that's out of date, 799making any relevant notifications: 800.Pp 801.Dl $ rdist 802.Pp 803Update files in 804.Pa /usr/src/bin 805to host 806.Dq arpa , 807except for files with names ending 808.Dq .o 809or 810.Dq /SCCS : 811.Pp 812.Dl $ rdist srcs 813.Pp 814Update 815.Pa sendmail.cf 816if it's older than timestamp file 817.Pa stamp.cory , 818notifying root@cory if an update has happened: 819.Pp 820.Dl $ rdist sendmail.cf 821.Sh SEE ALSO 822.Xr rdistd 1 , 823.Xr sh 1 , 824.Xr ssh 1 , 825.Xr re_format 7 , 826.Xr daily 8 , 827.Xr syslogd 8 828.Sh STANDARDS 829The options 830.Op Fl bhiNOqRrsvwxy 831are still recognized for backwards compatibility. 832.Sh CAVEATS 833If the basename of a file 834(the last component in the pathname) 835is 836.Sq .\& , 837.Nm 838assumes the remote (destination) name is a directory. 839That is, 840.Pa /tmp/.\& 841means that 842.Pa /tmp 843should be a directory on the remote host. 844.Sh BUGS 845Source files must reside on the local host where 846.Nm 847is executed. 848.Pp 849Variable expansion only works for name lists; 850there should be a general macro facility. 851.Pp 852.Nm 853aborts on files which have a negative mtime (before Jan 1, 1970). 854.Pp 855If a hardlinked file is listed more than once in the same target, 856.Nm 857will report missing links. 858Only one instance of a link should be listed in each target. 859.Pp 860The 861.Ic defowner , 862.Ic defgroup , 863and 864.Ic updateperm 865options are extensions to the 6.1.0 protocol and will not work with earlier 866versions of rdist 6. 867