1.\" $OpenBSD: iwm.4,v 1.45 2023/10/14 06:29:11 jmc Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2007,2008 4.\" Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr>. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 7.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 8.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 9.\" 10.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 11.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 12.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 13.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 14.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 15.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 16.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 17.\" 18.Dd $Mdocdate: October 14 2023 $ 19.Dt IWM 4 20.Os 21.Sh NAME 22.Nm iwm 23.Nd Intel 7000/8000/9000 IEEE 802.11a/ac/b/g/n wireless network device 24.Sh SYNOPSIS 25.Cd "iwm* at pci?" 26.Sh DESCRIPTION 27The 28.Nm 29driver provides support for Intel Wireless 307260, 7265, 3160, 3165, 3168, 8260, 8265, and 9260 31PCIe Mini Card and M.2 network adapters, 32and for Intel Wireless 9560 Integrated Connectivity (CNVi) network 33adapters with companion RF M.2 modules. 34.Pp 35These are the modes the 36.Nm 37driver can operate in: 38.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 39.It BSS mode 40Also known as 41.Em infrastructure 42mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 43which all traffic passes. 44This mode is the default. 45.It monitor mode 46In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 47associating with an access point. 48This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 49capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 50or to scan for access points. 51.El 52.Pp 53The 54.Nm 55driver can be configured to use 56Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 57Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA1 and WPA2). 58WPA2 is the current encryption standard for wireless networks. 59It is strongly recommended that neither WEP nor WPA1 60are used as the sole mechanism to secure wireless communication, 61due to serious weaknesses. 62WPA1 is disabled by default and may be enabled using the option 63.Qq Cm wpaprotos Ar wpa1,wpa2 . 64For standard WPA networks which use pre-shared keys (PSK), 65keys are configured using the 66.Qq Cm wpakey 67option. 68WPA-Enterprise networks require use of the wpa_supplicant package. 69The 70.Nm 71driver offloads both encryption and decryption of unicast data frames to the 72hardware for the CCMP cipher. 73.Pp 74In BSS mode the driver supports background scanning; 75see 76.Xr ifconfig 8 . 77.Pp 78The 79.Nm 80driver can be configured at runtime with 81.Xr ifconfig 8 82or on boot with 83.Xr hostname.if 5 . 84.Sh FILES 85The driver needs one of the following firmware files, 86which are loaded when an interface is brought up: 87.Pp 88.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 89.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwm-3160-17 90.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwm-3168-29 91.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwm-7260-17 92.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwm-7265-17 93.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwm-7265D-29 94.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwm-8000C-36 95.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwm-8265-36 96.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwm-9000-46 97.It Pa /etc/firmware/iwm-9260-46 98.El 99.Pp 100These firmware files are not free because Intel refuses to grant 101distribution rights without contractual obligations. 102As a result, even though 103.Ox 104includes the driver, the firmware files cannot be included and 105users have to download these files on their own. 106.Pp 107A prepackaged version of the firmware can be installed using 108.Xr fw_update 8 . 109.Sh EXAMPLES 110The following example scans for available networks: 111.Pp 112.Dl # ifconfig iwm0 scan 113.Pp 114The following 115.Xr hostname.if 5 116example configures iwm0 to join network 117.Dq mynwid , 118using WPA key 119.Dq mywpakey , 120obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 121.Bd -literal -offset indent 122join mynwid wpakey mywpakey 123inet autoconf 124.Ed 125.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 126.Bl -diag 127.It "iwm0: device timeout" 128A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 129The driver will reset the hardware. 130This should not happen. 131.It "iwm0: fatal firmware error" 132For some reason, the firmware crashed. 133The driver will reset the hardware. 134This should not happen. 135.It "iwm0: radio is disabled by hardware switch" 136The radio transmitter is off and thus no packet can go out. 137The driver will reset the hardware. 138Make sure the laptop radio switch is on. 139.It "iwm0: could not read firmware ... (error N)" 140For some reason, the driver was unable to read the firmware image from the 141filesystem. 142The file might be missing or corrupted. 143.It "iwm0: firmware too short: N bytes" 144The firmware image is corrupted and can't be loaded into the adapter. 145.It "iwm0: could not load firmware" 146An attempt to load the firmware into the adapter failed. 147The driver will reset the hardware. 148.El 149.Sh SEE ALSO 150.Xr arp 4 , 151.Xr ifmedia 4 , 152.Xr intro 4 , 153.Xr netintro 4 , 154.Xr pci 4 , 155.Xr hostname.if 5 , 156.Xr ifconfig 8 157.Sh HISTORY 158The 159.Nm 160device driver first appeared in 161.Ox 5.7 . 162.Sh CAVEATS 163This driver does not support powersave mode. 164