1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% gdb-refcard.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2 3%This file is TeX source for a reference card describing GDB, the GNU debugger. 4%Copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000 5%Free Software Foundation, Inc. 6%Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of 7%this reference provided the copyright notices and permission notices 8%are preserved on all copies. 9% 10%TeX markup is a programming language; accordingly this file is source 11%for a program to generate a reference. 12% 13%This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 14%it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 15%the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) 16%any later version. 17% 18%This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but 19%WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 20%MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU 21%General Public License for more details. 22% 23%You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License at the URL 24%http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html; or write to the Free Software 25%Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. 26% 27%You can contact the maintainer at: doc@cygnus.com 28% 29% Documentation Department 30% Cygnus Solutions 31% 1325 Chesapeake Terrace 32% Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA 33% 34% +1 800 CYGNUS-1 35% 36% 37% 38% 22-AUG-1993 Andreas Vogel 39% 40% Modifications made in order to handle different papersizes correctly. 41% You only have to set the total width and height of the paper, the 42% horizontal and vertical margin space measured from *paper edge* 43% and the interline and interspec spacing. 44% In order to support a new papersize, you have to fiddle with the 45% latter four dimensions. Just try out a few values. 46% All other values will be computed at process time so it should be 47% quite easy to support different paper sizes - only four values to 48% guess :-) 49% 50% To find the configuration places, just search for the string 51% "CONFIGURATION". 52% 53% Andreas Vogel (av@ssw.de) 54% 55% 56% 57% Uncomment the following `magnification' command if you want to print 58% out in a larger font. Caution! You may need larger paper. You had 59% best avoid using 3-column output if you try this. See the ``Three 60% column format'' section below if you want to print in three column 61% format. 62% 63%\magnification=\magstep 1 64% 65% NOTE ON INTENTIONAL OMISSIONS: This reference card includes most GDB 66% commands, but due to space constraints there are some things I chose 67% to omit. In general, not all synonyms for commands are covered, nor 68% all variations of a command. 69% The GDB-under-Emacs section omits gdb-mode functions without default 70% keybindings. GDB startup options are not described. 71% set print sevenbit-strings, set symbol-reloading omitted. 72% printsyms, printpsyms, omitted since they're for GDB maintenance primarily 73% share omitted due to obsolescence 74% set check range/type omitted at least til code is in GDB. 75% 76%-------------------- Three column format ----------------------- 77 78%%%% --- To disable three column format, comment out this entire section 79 80% Three-column format for landscape printing 81 82%-------- Papersize defs: 83 84\newdimen\totalwidth \newdimen\totalheight 85\newdimen\hmargin \newdimen\vmargin 86\newdimen\secskip \newdimen\lskip 87\newdimen\barwidth \newdimen\barheight 88\newdimen\intersecwidth 89 90%% 91%% START CONFIGURATION - PAPERSIZE DEFINITIONS 92%------- Papersize params: 93%% US letter paper (8.5x11in) 94%% 95\totalwidth=11in % total width of paper 96\totalheight=8.5in % total height of paper 97\hmargin=.25in % horizontal margin width 98\vmargin=.25in % vertical margin width 99\secskip=1pc % space between refcard secs 100\lskip=2pt % extra skip between \sec entries 101%------- end papersize params 102%% 103%% change according to personal taste, not papersize dependent 104%% 105\barwidth=.1pt % width of the cropmark bar 106\barheight=2pt % height of the cropmark bar 107\intersecwidth=0.5em % width between \itmwid and \dfnwid 108%% 109%% END CONFIGURATION - PAPERSIZE DEFINITIONS 110%% 111 112%% 113%% values to be computed - nothing to configure 114%% 115\newdimen\fullhsize % width of area without margins 116\newdimen\itmwid % width of item column 117\newdimen\dfnwid % width of definition column 118\newdimen\temp % only for temporary use 119 120%% 121%% adjust the offsets so the margins are measured *from paper edge* 122%% 123\hoffset=-1in \advance \hoffset by \hmargin 124\voffset=-1in \advance \voffset by \vmargin 125 126%% 127%% fullhsize = totalwidth - (2 * hmargin) 128%% 129\fullhsize=\totalwidth 130\temp=\hmargin \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \fullhsize by -\temp 131 132%% 133%% hsize = (fullhsize - (4 * hmargin) - (2 * barwidth)) / 3 134%% 135\hsize=\fullhsize 136\temp=\hmargin \multiply \temp by 4 \advance \hsize by -\temp 137\temp=\barwidth \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \hsize by -\temp 138\divide \hsize by 3 139 140%% 141%% vsize = totalheight - (2 * vmargin) 142%% 143\vsize=\totalheight 144\temp=\vmargin \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \vsize by -\temp 145 146%% 147%% itmwid = (hsize - intersecwidth) * 1/3 148%% dfnwid = (hsize - intersecwidth) * 2/3 149%% 150\temp=\hsize \advance \temp by -\intersecwidth \divide \temp by 3 151\itmwid=\temp 152\dfnwid=\hsize \advance \dfnwid by -\itmwid 153 154%-------- end papersize defs 155 156 157\def\fulline{\hbox to \fullhsize} 158\let\lcr=L \newbox\leftcolumn\newbox\centercolumn 159\output={\if L\lcr 160 \global\setbox\leftcolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=C 161 \else 162 \if C\lcr 163 \global\setbox\centercolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=R 164 \else \tripleformat \global\let\lcr=L 165 \fi 166 \fi 167% \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi 168 } 169 170%% 171%% START CONFIGURATION - ALTERNATIVE FOLDING GUIDES 172%% 173%% For NO printed folding guide, 174%% comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment: 175 176%\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil\hskip\barwidth plus1fil\hskip\hmargin plus1fil} 177 178%% For SOLID LINE folding guide, 179%% comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment: 180 181%\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil \vrule width \barwidth \hskip\hmargin plus1fil} 182 183%% For SMALL MARKS NEAR TOP AND BOTTOM as folding guide, 184%% comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment: 185 186\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil 187\vbox to \vsize{\hbox to \barwidth{\vrule height\barheight width\barwidth}\vfill 188\hbox to \barwidth{\vrule height\barheight width\barwidth}}%THIS PERCENT SIGN IS ESSENTIAL 189\hskip\hmargin plus1fil} 190 191%% 192%% END CONFIGURATION - ALTERNATIVES FOR FOLDING GUIDES 193%% 194 195\def\tripleformat{\shipout\vbox{\fulline{\box\leftcolumn\vdecor 196 \box\centercolumn\vdecor 197 \columnbox} 198 } 199 \advancepageno} 200\def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} 201\def\bye{\par\vfill 202 \supereject 203 \if R\lcr \null\vfill\eject\fi 204 \end} 205 206%-------------------- end three column format ----------------------- 207 208%-------------------- Computer Modern font defs: -------------------- 209\font\bbf=cmbx10 210\font\vbbf=cmbx12 211\font\smrm=cmr6 212\font\brm=cmr10 213\font\rm=cmr7 214\font\it=cmti7 215\font\tt=cmtt8 216%-------------------- end font defs --------------------------------- 217 218% 219\hyphenpenalty=5000\tolerance=2000\raggedright\raggedbottom 220\normalbaselineskip=9pt\baselineskip=9pt 221% 222\parindent=0pt 223\parskip=0pt 224\footline={\vbox to0pt{\hss}} 225% 226\def\ctl#1{{\tt C-#1}} 227\def\opt#1{{\brm[{\rm #1}]}} 228\def\xtra#1{\noalign{\smallskip{\tt#1}}} 229% 230\long\def\sec#1;#2\endsec{\vskip \secskip 231\halign{% 232%COL 1 (of halign): 233\vtop{\hsize=\itmwid\tt 234##\par\vskip \lskip }\hfil 235%COL 2 (of halign): 236&\vtop{\hsize=\dfnwid\hangafter=1\hangindent=\intersecwidth 237\rm ##\par\vskip \lskip}\cr 238%Tail of \long\def fills in halign body with \sec args: 239\noalign{{\bbf #1}\vskip \lskip} 240#2 241} 242} 243 244{\vbbf GDB QUICK REFERENCE}\hfil{\smrm GDB Version 5}\qquad 245 246\sec Essential Commands; 247gdb {\it program} \opt{{\it core}}&debug {\it program} \opt{using 248coredump {\it core}}\cr 249b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it function}&set breakpoint at {\it function} \opt{in \it file}\cr 250run \opt{{\it arglist}}&start your program \opt{with {\it arglist}}\cr 251bt& backtrace: display program stack\cr 252p {\it expr}&display the value of an expression\cr 253c &continue running your program\cr 254n &next line, stepping over function calls\cr 255s &next line, stepping into function calls\cr 256\endsec 257 258\sec Starting GDB; 259gdb&start GDB, with no debugging files\cr 260gdb {\it program}&begin debugging {\it program}\cr 261gdb {\it program core}&debug coredump {\it core} produced by {\it 262program}\cr 263gdb --help&describe command line options\cr 264\endsec 265 266\sec Stopping GDB; 267quit&exit GDB; also {\tt q} or {\tt EOF} (eg \ctl{d})\cr 268INTERRUPT&(eg \ctl{c}) terminate current command, or send to running process\cr 269\endsec 270 271\sec Getting Help; 272help&list classes of commands\cr 273help {\it class}&one-line descriptions for commands in {\it class}\cr 274help {\it command}&describe {\it command}\cr 275\endsec 276 277\sec Executing your Program; 278run {\it arglist}&start your program with {\it arglist}\cr 279run&start your program with current argument list\cr 280run $\ldots$ <{\it inf} >{\it outf}&start your program with input, output 281redirected\cr 282\cr 283kill&kill running program\cr 284\cr 285tty {\it dev}&use {\it dev} as stdin and stdout for next {\tt run}\cr 286set args {\it arglist}&specify {\it arglist} for next 287{\tt run}\cr 288set args&specify empty argument list\cr 289show args&display argument list\cr 290\cr 291show env&show all environment variables\cr 292show env {\it var}&show value of environment variable {\it var}\cr 293set env {\it var} {\it string}&set environment variable {\it var}\cr 294unset env {\it var}&remove {\it var} from environment\cr 295\endsec 296 297\sec Shell Commands; 298cd {\it dir}&change working directory to {\it dir}\cr 299pwd&Print working directory\cr 300make $\ldots$&call ``{\tt make}''\cr 301shell {\it cmd}&execute arbitrary shell command string\cr 302\endsec 303 304\vfill 305\line{\smrm \opt{ } surround optional arguments \hfill $\ldots$ show 306one or more arguments} 307\vskip\baselineskip 308\centerline{\smrm \copyright 1998,2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\qquad Permissions on back} 309\eject 310\sec Breakpoints and Watchpoints; 311break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}\par 312b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&set breakpoint at {\it line} number \opt{in \it file}\par 313eg:\quad{\tt break main.c:37}\quad\cr 314break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it func}&set breakpoint at {\it 315func} \opt{in \it file}\cr 316break +{\it offset}\par 317break -{\it offset}&set break at {\it offset} lines from current stop\cr 318break *{\it addr}&set breakpoint at address {\it addr}\cr 319break&set breakpoint at next instruction\cr 320break $\ldots$ if {\it expr}&break conditionally on nonzero {\it expr}\cr 321cond {\it n} \opt{\it expr}&new conditional expression on breakpoint 322{\it n}; make unconditional if no {\it expr}\cr 323tbreak $\ldots$&temporary break; disable when reached\cr 324rbreak {\it regex}&break on all functions matching {\it regex}\cr 325watch {\it expr}&set a watchpoint for expression {\it expr}\cr 326catch {\it event}&break at {\it event}, which may be {\tt catch}, {\tt throw}, 327{\tt exec}, {\tt fork}, {\tt vfork}, {\tt load}, or {\tt unload}.\cr 328\cr 329info break&show defined breakpoints\cr 330info watch&show defined watchpoints\cr 331\cr 332clear&delete breakpoints at next instruction\cr 333clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it fun}&delete breakpoints at entry to {\it fun}()\cr 334clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&delete breakpoints on source line \cr 335delete \opt{{\it n}}&delete breakpoints 336\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}\cr 337\cr 338disable \opt{{\it n}}&disable breakpoints 339\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}} 340\cr 341enable \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints 342\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}} 343\cr 344enable once \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}; 345disable again when reached 346\cr 347enable del \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}; 348delete when reached 349\cr 350\cr 351ignore {\it n} {\it count}&ignore breakpoint {\it n}, {\it count} 352times\cr 353\cr 354commands {\it n}\par 355\qquad \opt{\tt silent}\par 356\qquad {\it command-list}&execute GDB {\it command-list} every time breakpoint {\it n} is reached. \opt{{\tt silent} suppresses default 357display}\cr 358end&end of {\it command-list}\cr 359\endsec 360 361\sec Program Stack; 362backtrace \opt{\it n}\par 363bt \opt{\it n}&print trace of all frames in stack; or of {\it n} 364frames---innermost if {\it n}{\tt >0}, outermost if {\it n}{\tt <0}\cr 365frame \opt{\it n}&select frame number {\it n} or frame at address {\it 366n}; if no {\it n}, display current frame\cr 367up {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames up\cr 368down {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames down\cr 369info frame \opt{\it addr}&describe selected frame, or frame at 370{\it addr}\cr 371info args&arguments of selected frame\cr 372info locals&local variables of selected frame\cr 373info reg \opt{\it rn}$\ldots$\par 374info all-reg \opt{\it rn}®ister values \opt{for regs {\it rn\/}} in 375selected frame; {\tt all-reg} includes floating point\cr 376\endsec 377 378\vfill\eject 379\sec Execution Control; 380continue \opt{\it count}\par 381c \opt{\it count}&continue running; if {\it count} specified, ignore 382this breakpoint next {\it count} times\cr 383\cr 384step \opt{\it count}\par 385s \opt{\it count}&execute until another line reached; repeat {\it count} times if 386specified\cr 387stepi \opt{\it count}\par 388si \opt{\it count}&step by machine instructions rather than source 389lines\cr 390\cr 391next \opt{\it count}\par 392n \opt{\it count}&execute next line, including any function calls\cr 393nexti \opt{\it count}\par 394ni \opt{\it count}&next machine instruction rather than source 395line\cr 396\cr 397until \opt{\it location}&run until next instruction (or {\it 398location})\cr 399finish&run until selected stack frame returns\cr 400return \opt{\it expr}&pop selected stack frame without executing 401\opt{setting return value}\cr 402signal {\it num}&resume execution with signal {\it s} (none if {\tt 0})\cr 403jump {\it line}\par 404jump *{\it address}&resume execution at specified {\it line} number or 405{\it address}\cr 406set var={\it expr}&evaluate {\it expr} without displaying it; use for 407altering program variables\cr 408\endsec 409 410\sec Display; 411print \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}\par 412p \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} \opt{or 413last value \tt \$} according to format {\it f}:\cr 414\qquad x&hexadecimal\cr 415\qquad d&signed decimal\cr 416\qquad u&unsigned decimal\cr 417\qquad o&octal\cr 418\qquad t&binary\cr 419\qquad a&address, absolute and relative\cr 420\qquad c&character\cr 421\qquad f&floating point\cr 422call \opt{\tt /{\it f}\/} {\it expr}&like {\tt print} but does not display 423{\tt void}\cr 424x \opt{\tt/{\it Nuf}\/} {\it expr}&examine memory at address {\it expr}; 425optional format spec follows slash\cr 426\quad {\it N}&count of how many units to display\cr 427\quad {\it u}&unit size; one of\cr 428&{\tt\qquad b}\ individual bytes\cr 429&{\tt\qquad h}\ halfwords (two bytes)\cr 430&{\tt\qquad w}\ words (four bytes)\cr 431&{\tt\qquad g}\ giant words (eight bytes)\cr 432\quad {\it f}&printing format. Any {\tt print} format, or\cr 433&{\tt\qquad s}\ null-terminated string\cr 434&{\tt\qquad i}\ machine instructions\cr 435disassem \opt{\it addr}&display memory as machine instructions\cr 436\endsec 437 438\sec Automatic Display; 439display \opt{\tt/\it f\/} {\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} each time 440program stops \opt{according to format {\it f}\/}\cr 441display&display all enabled expressions on list\cr 442undisplay {\it n}&remove number(s) {\it n} from list of 443automatically displayed expressions\cr 444disable disp {\it n}&disable display for expression(s) number {\it 445n}\cr 446enable disp {\it n}&enable display for expression(s) number {\it 447n}\cr 448info display&numbered list of display expressions\cr 449\endsec 450 451\vfill\eject 452 453\sec Expressions; 454{\it expr}&an expression in C, C++, or Modula-2 (including function calls), or:\cr 455{\it addr\/}@{\it len}&an array of {\it len} elements beginning at {\it 456addr}\cr 457{\it file}::{\it nm}&a variable or function {\it nm} defined in {\it 458file}\cr 459$\tt\{${\it type}$\tt\}${\it addr}&read memory at {\it addr} as specified 460{\it type}\cr 461\$&most recent displayed value\cr 462\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value\cr 463\$\$&displayed value previous to \$\cr 464\$\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value back from \$\cr 465\$\_&last address examined with {\tt x}\cr 466\$\_\_&value at address \$\_\cr 467\${\it var}&convenience variable; assign any value\cr 468\cr 469show values \opt{{\it n}}&show last 10 values \opt{or surrounding 470\${\it n}}\cr 471show conv&display all convenience variables\cr 472\endsec 473 474\sec Symbol Table; 475info address {\it s}&show where symbol {\it s} is stored\cr 476info func \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of defined functions 477(all, or matching {\it regex})\cr 478info var \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of global variables (all, 479or matching {\it regex})\cr 480whatis \opt{\it expr}\par 481ptype \opt{\it expr}&show data type of {\it expr} \opt{or \tt \$} 482without evaluating; {\tt ptype} gives more detail\cr 483ptype {\it type}&describe type, struct, union, or enum\cr 484\endsec 485 486\sec GDB Scripts; 487source {\it script}&read, execute GDB commands from file {\it 488script}\cr 489\cr 490define {\it cmd}\par 491\qquad {\it command-list}&create new GDB command {\it cmd}; 492execute script defined by {\it command-list}\cr 493end&end of {\it command-list}\cr 494document {\it cmd}\par 495\qquad {\it help-text}&create online documentation 496for new GDB command {\it cmd}\cr 497end&end of {\it help-text}\cr 498\endsec 499 500\sec Signals; 501handle {\it signal} {\it act}&specify GDB actions for {\it signal}:\cr 502\quad print&announce signal\cr 503\quad noprint&be silent for signal\cr 504\quad stop&halt execution on signal\cr 505\quad nostop&do not halt execution\cr 506\quad pass&allow your program to handle signal\cr 507\quad nopass&do not allow your program to see signal\cr 508info signals&show table of signals, GDB action for each\cr 509\endsec 510 511\sec Debugging Targets; 512target {\it type} {\it param}&connect to target machine, process, or file\cr 513help target&display available targets\cr 514attach {\it param}&connect to another process\cr 515detach&release target from GDB control\cr 516\endsec 517 518\vfill\eject 519\sec Controlling GDB; 520set {\it param} {\it value}&set one of GDB's internal parameters\cr 521show {\it param}&display current setting of parameter\cr 522\xtra{\rm Parameters understood by {\tt set} and {\tt show}:} 523\quad complaint {\it limit}&number of messages on unusual symbols\cr 524\quad confirm {\it on/off}&enable or disable cautionary queries\cr 525\quad editing {\it on/off}&control {\tt readline} command-line editing\cr 526\quad height {\it lpp}&number of lines before pause in display\cr 527\quad language {\it lang}&Language for GDB expressions ({\tt auto}, {\tt c} or 528{\tt modula-2})\cr 529\quad listsize {\it n}&number of lines shown by {\tt list}\cr 530\quad prompt {\it str}&use {\it str} as GDB prompt\cr 531\quad radix {\it base}&octal, decimal, or hex number representation\cr 532\quad verbose {\it on/off}&control messages when loading 533symbols\cr 534\quad width {\it cpl}&number of characters before line folded\cr 535\quad write {\it on/off}&Allow or forbid patching binary, core files 536(when reopened with {\tt exec} or {\tt core}) 537\cr 538\quad history $\ldots$\par 539\quad h $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr 540\quad h exp {\it off/on}&disable/enable {\tt readline} history expansion\cr 541\quad h file {\it filename}&file for recording GDB command history\cr 542\quad h size {\it size}&number of commands kept in history list\cr 543\quad h save {\it off/on}&control use of external file for 544command history\cr 545\cr 546\quad print $\ldots$\par 547\quad p $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr 548\quad p address {\it on/off}&print memory addresses in stacks, 549values\cr 550\quad p array {\it off/on}&compact or attractive format for 551arrays\cr 552\quad p demangl {\it on/off}&source (demangled) or internal form for C++ 553symbols\cr 554\quad p asm-dem {\it on/off}&demangle C++ symbols in 555machine-instruction output\cr 556\quad p elements {\it limit}&number of array elements to display\cr 557\quad p object {\it on/off}&print C++ derived types for objects\cr 558\quad p pretty {\it off/on}&struct display: compact or indented\cr 559\quad p union {\it on/off}&display of union members\cr 560\quad p vtbl {\it off/on}&display of C++ virtual function 561tables\cr 562\cr 563show commands&show last 10 commands\cr 564show commands {\it n}&show 10 commands around number {\it n}\cr 565show commands +&show next 10 commands\cr 566\endsec 567 568\sec Working Files; 569file \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} for both symbols and executable; 570with no arg, discard both\cr 571core \opt{\it file}&read {\it file} as coredump; or discard\cr 572exec \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} as executable only; or discard\cr 573symbol \opt{\it file}&use symbol table from {\it file}; or discard\cr 574load {\it file}&dynamically link {\it file\/} and add its symbols\cr 575add-sym {\it file} {\it addr}&read additional symbols from {\it file}, 576dynamically loaded at {\it addr}\cr 577info files&display working files and targets in use\cr 578path {\it dirs}&add {\it dirs} to front of path searched for 579executable and symbol files\cr 580show path&display executable and symbol file path\cr 581info share&list names of shared libraries currently loaded\cr 582\endsec 583 584\vfill\eject 585\sec Source Files; 586dir {\it names}&add directory {\it names} to front of source path\cr 587dir&clear source path\cr 588show dir&show current source path\cr 589\cr 590list&show next ten lines of source\cr 591list -&show previous ten lines\cr 592list {\it lines}&display source surrounding {\it lines}, 593specified as:\cr 594\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it num}&line number \opt{in named file}\cr 595\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it function}&beginning of function \opt{in 596named file}\cr 597\quad{\tt +\it off}&{\it off} lines after last printed\cr 598\quad{\tt -\it off}&{\it off} lines previous to last printed\cr 599\quad{\tt*\it address}&line containing {\it address}\cr 600list {\it f},{\it l}&from line {\it f} to line {\it l}\cr 601info line {\it num}&show starting, ending addresses of compiled code for 602source line {\it num}\cr 603info source&show name of current source file\cr 604info sources&list all source files in use\cr 605forw {\it regex}&search following source lines for {\it regex}\cr 606rev {\it regex}&search preceding source lines for {\it regex}\cr 607\endsec 608 609\sec GDB under GNU Emacs; 610M-x gdb&run GDB under Emacs\cr 611\ctl{h} m&describe GDB mode\cr 612M-s&step one line ({\tt step})\cr 613M-n&next line ({\tt next})\cr 614M-i&step one instruction ({\tt stepi})\cr 615\ctl{c} \ctl{f}&finish current stack frame ({\tt finish})\cr 616M-c&continue ({\tt cont})\cr 617M-u&up {\it arg} frames ({\tt up})\cr 618M-d&down {\it arg} frames ({\tt down})\cr 619\ctl{x} \&© number from point, insert at end\cr 620\ctl{x} SPC&(in source file) set break at point\cr 621\endsec 622 623\sec GDB License; 624show copying&Display GNU General Public License\cr 625show warranty&There is NO WARRANTY for GDB. Display full no-warranty 626statement.\cr 627\endsec 628 629 630\vfill 631{\smrm\parskip=6pt 632Copyright \copyright 1991,'92,'93,'98,2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 633Author: Roland H. Pesch 634 635The author assumes no responsibility for any errors on this card. 636 637This card may be freely distributed under the terms of the GNU 638General Public License. 639 640Please contribute to development of this card by 641annotating it. Improvements can be sent to bug-gdb@gnu.org. 642 643GDB itself is free software; you are welcome to distribute copies of 644it under the terms of the GNU General Public License. There is 645absolutely no warranty for GDB. 646} 647\end 648