101/01 Julian Calendar takes effect, 45 BC 201/01 Haitian Independence Proclaimed, 1803 301/01 Emancipation Proclamation enters effect, 1863 401/01 United Nations created, 1942 501/02 Reconquest of Spain completed, 1492 601/02 Russian Fleet surrenders to Japan at Port Arthur, 1905 701/03 Martin Luther excommunicated, 1521 801/03 Emperor Meiji Restored to throne in Japan, 1868 901/04 Single European Currency debuts, 1999 1001/04 New York Stock Exchange opens first permanent headquarters, 1865 1101/04 Burma becomes independent, 1948 1201/05 Prague Spring begins, 1968 1301/05 -50 degrees F, Strawberry UT, 1913 1401/05 The FCC hears the first demonstration of FM radio, 1940 1501/06 Harold Godwinson crowned King Harold II of England, 1066 1601/06 Electric Telegraph first tested by Samuel Morse, 1838 1701/07 Pol Pot overthrown, 1979 1801/07 Calais, last continental holding of England, falls to France, 1558 1901/08 Major General Andrew Jackson leads US troops to victory at 20 Battle of New Orleans, 1815 2101/09 Cruise ship RMS Queen Elizabeth destroyed by fire, 1972 2201/10 First meeting of United Nations General Assembly in London, 1946 2301/10 Thomas Paine's Common Sense published, 1776 2401/10 League of Nations instituted, 1920 2501/10 Lend-Lease Act introduced, 1941 2601/11 Milk delivered in bottles for first time, 1878 2701/11 Amelia Earhart flies from Hawaii to California, 1935 2801/12 Zulu War begins, 1879 2901/12 Siege of Leningrad ends, 1943 3001/12 Santa Clara, California founded, 1777 3101/13 First live radio concert broadcast, by Enrico Caruso, 32 broadcast from New York, 1910 3301/14 United Nations condemns Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 1980 3401/14 Treaty of Paris ratified by Continental Congress, officially 35 establishing independent United States, 1784 3601/15 Elizabeth I crowned Queen of England, 1559 3701/16 Prohibition takes effect, 1919 3801/16 Reza Shah Pallavi flees Iran, 1979 3901/16 First Persian Gulf War begins, 1991 4001/16 Chevy Corvette introduced, 1953 4101/17 Over $2 million stolen in "Great Brinks Robbery" in Boston, 1950 4201/18 James Cook discovers Hawaii, 1778 4301/18 Robert Falcon Scott reaches South Pole, 1912 4401/18 First Australian penal colony established, 1788 4501/19 Indira Ghandi becomes Prime Minister of India, 1966 4601/19 First college basketball game played, Chicago beats Iowa 15-12, 1896 4701/20 Hong Kong ceded to Britain, 1841 4801/20 US Hostages released from Iran, 1981 4901/21 First commercial flight of Concorde SST, 1976 5001/21 King Louis XVI executed, 1793 5101/22 First British colonists arrive in New Zealand, 1840 5201/22 First Russian Revolution begins, 1905 5301/22 Battle of Tobruk concludes, 1941 5401/23 USS Pueblo seized by North Korea, 1968 5501/23 First insulin injection for diabetes, 1922 5601/23 Peace treaty ending Vietnam war announced, 1973 5701/24 Eskimo Pie patented by Christian Nelson, 1922 5801/24 Joseph Marshall finds Gold at Sutter's Mill in California, 1848 5901/24 Last IJA soldier captured in Guam, 1972 6001/24 The Pleasure Garden, first Alfred Hitchcock film opens in London, 1927 6101/25 First Winter Olympics held in Chamonix, 1924 6201/25 Reporter Nellie Bly arrives in New York, completing 63 circumnavigation of the globe in 72 days, 6 hours, 11 64 minutes, 1890 6501/26 Republic of India founded, 1950 6601/26 Barcelona falls to Nationalist forces, 1939 6701/26 Auschwitz liberated, 1945 6801/26 Sydney settled, 1788 6901/27 Somali dictator Muhammad Siyad Barre flees country, 1991 7001/27 Grissom, White and Chaffe die in fire aboard Apollo I, 1967 7101/27 Paris Peace Accords signed, ending Vietnam War, 1973 7201/28 Space Shuttle Challenger (51-L) explodes 74 seconds after liftoff 73 killing Scobee, Smith, McNair, Resnick, Jarvis, Onizuka and McAuliffe, 74 1986 7501/29 Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove premieres, 1964 7601/30 Mohandas Gandhi assassinated in New Delhi, 1948 7701/30 King Charles I executed by Cromwell's forces, 1649 7801/30 Tet Offensive begins, 1968 7901/31 "Ham" the chimpanzee soars into space aboard Mercury-Redstone 2, 1961 8001/31 Explorer I launched, resulting in discovery of Van Allen Belt, 1958 81 8202/01 "Secret Storm", first TV soap opera airs, 1954 8302/01 Forces lead by the Ayatollah Khomeini take over Iran, 1979 8402/01 Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-107) disintegrates over Texas 85 during re-entry killing Husband, Anderson, Brown, Chawla, 86 Clark, McCool, Ramon, 2003 8702/01 First session of the United States Supreme Court, 1790 8802/01 First automobile insurance policy issued by Travellers 89 Insurance of Hartford, CT, 1898 9002/01 Land battle of Guadalcanal ends with Japanese evacuation after 91 seven months of fighting, 1943 9202/02 Mexican-American war ends with signing of Treaty of Guadalupe 93 Hidalgo, 1848 9402/02 Last German troops in Stalingrad surrender, 1943 9502/03 Soviet probe Lunik 9 makes first controlled landing on Moon, 1966 9602/03 Sixteenth Amendment to US Constitution, establishing first Federal 97 Income Tax, takes effect, 1913 9802/04 George Washington elected first President of the United States, 1789 9902/04 Confederate States of America formed, 1861 10002/04 Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet at Yalta to determine 101 shape of post-war Europe, 1945 10202/04 Cybernet inaugurated, 1969 10302/04 James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans published, 1826 10402/05 New Mexican Constitution proclaimed, founding modern nation 105 of Mexico, 1917 10602/05 First Walk/Don't Walk sign installed, New York City, 1952 10702/05 Last Soviet troops pull out of Kabul, 1989 10802/06 John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men published, 1937 10902/07 Beatles arrive in New York, 1964 11002/07 Great Baltimore Fire begins, 1904 11102/07 Bruce McCandless completes first untethered spacewalk, 1984 11202/07 Maastricht Treaty signed, establishing European Union, 1992 11302/07 Soviet Communist Party relinquishes monopoly on political power, 1990 11402/08 Mary Queen of Scots beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle, 1587 11502/08 Russo-Japanese war begins with surprise naval attack on 116 Port Arthur by Japanese forces, 1904 11702/09 First US combat troops arrive in Vietnam, 1965 11802/09 -51 degrees F, Vanderbilt MI, 1934 11902/10 Seven Years' War ends, 1763 12002/11 Japan becomes fourth nation to complete successful space 121 launch, 1970 12202/11 Nelson Mandela freed, 1990 12302/12 Last Emperor of China abdicates throne, 1912 12402/12 Anatoly Scharansky released from Soviet prison camp, 1986 12502/12 George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue debuts, 1924 12602/13 William and Mary proclaimed King and Queen of England after 127 Glorious Revolution, 1689 12802/14 Sandinistas agree to free elections in Nicaragua, 1989 12902/14 Battle of the Kasserine Pass, 1943 13002/15 Singapore surrenders to Japanese forces, 1942 13102/15 USS Maine explodes in Havana harbor, leading to Spanish-American 132 war, 1898 13302/15 Canadian Maple-Leaf Flag adopted, 1965 13402/16 Nylon patented, 1937 13502/16 Raiding party led by Stephen Decatur burns captured US 136 frigate in Tripoli harbor, 1804 13702/16 Fidel Castro sworn in as Prime Minister of Cuba, 1959 13802/17 China invades Vietnam, resulting in nine days of fighting 139 before Chinese retreat, 1979 14002/18 Charleston, SC surrendered to Union forces, 1865 14102/18 Pluto discovered by Clyde Tombaugh, Lowell Observatory, AZ, 1930 14202/19 US Marines land on Iwo Jima, 1945 14302/19 First prototype Ford Thunderbird completed, 1954 14402/19 Donner Party rescued after four months, 1847 14502/20 John Glenn orbits the Earth 3 times, 1962 14602/21 Battle of Verdun begins, 1916 14702/21 First telephone directory, New Haven, Connecticut, 1878 14802/21 Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto published, 1848 14902/21 Richard Nixon arrives in China for historic eight-day visit, 1972 15002/22 Walt Disney's Cinderella opens, 1950 15102/23 US Flag raised over Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima, 1945 15202/24 Impeachment proceedings against Andrew Johnson begin, 1868 15302/24 Tet Offensive ends with recapture of Hue by US and South 154 Vietnamese forces, 1968 15502/24 Ground offensive begins in first Gulf War, 1991 15602/25 Ferdinand Marcos flees the Philippines, 1986 15702/25 Bloodless coup leads to Communist government in Czechoslovakia, 1948 15802/26 World Trade Center bombed, killing 6, 1993 15902/26 Free elections held in Nicaragua, Sandinistas ousted, 1990 16002/27 Reichstag building burns, 1933 16102/27 Kuwait liberated, ending offensive ground operations in First Gulf War, 1991 16202/28 The "French Connection" drug bust occurs in Marseilles, 1972 16302/29 French and Indian raid on Deerfield MA kills 56 as part of 164 Queen Anne's War, 1704 165 16603/01 Yellowstone National Park established by President Grant, 1872 16703/01 Peace Corps established by President Kennedy, 1961 16803/01 Twenty-month-old son of Charles Lindbergh kidnapped and killed, 1932 16903/02 Texas declares independence from Mexico, 1836 17003/02 Importation of slaves into United States prohibited, 1807 17103/02 Pioneer 10 launched to explore Jupiter and beyond, 1973 17203/02 Soviet and Chinese troops clash along Ussuri river, 1969 17303/03 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ends Russian participation in First 174 World War, 1918 17503/03 Finland declares war on Germany, 1945 17603/04 United States Constitution takes effect, and Congress meets 177 in New York, 1789 17803/05 British troops fire into snowball-throwing crowd in Boston 179 Massacre, 1770 18003/06 Alamo falls to forces of Mexican General Santa Anna after 181 13 days of siege, 1836 18203/06 Dutch Resistance ambush, kill SS Lt. General Hanns Rauter 183 in Apeldoorn, 1945 18403/07 Nazi forces re-militarize Rheinland in violation of Treaty 185 of Versailles and Locarno Pact, 1936 18603/07 Sheikh Mujib Rahman becomes first elected leader of 187 Bangladesh, 1973 18803/08 `February Revolution' in Russia begins on February 23 of 189 calendar then in use in Russia, 1917 19003/08 Dutch forces on Java surrender to the Japanese, 1942 19103/09 USS Monitor battles CSS Virginia (USS Merrimac) in world's 192 first battle between ironclad warships, 1862 19303/09 Former Last Emperor of China becomes regent of Japanese 194 puppet state of Manchukuo, 1932 19503/09 US forces land at Vera Cruz in largest amphibious landing 196 before World War II, 1847 19703/10 Alexander Graham Bell conducts first successful telephone 198 experiment, 1876 19903/10 Jan Masaryk dead in Czechoslovakia in reported suicide, 1948 20003/11 Lend-Lease Act signed, 1941 20103/11 Mikhail Gorbachev becomes Premier of USSR, 1985 20203/11 Lithuania declares independence from USSR, 1990 20303/12 Austria annexed by Germany, 1938 20403/12 Mahatma Ghandi begins march to sea in protest of British Salt Tax, 1930 20503/13 Uranus discovered by William Hershel, 1781 20603/13 Tsar Alexander II of Russia assassinated, 1881 207 208 20903/15 Tsar Nicholas II abdicates throne of Russia, 1917 210 211 21203/16 Robert Goddard launches first liquid-fueled rocket, Auburn MA, 1926 21303/17 Vanguard I launched, 1958. Earth proved pear-shaped 21403/18 Aleksei Leonov performs first spacewalk, 1965 21503/24 Construction of New York subway system begins, 1900 21603/26 Popeye statue unveiled, Crystal City TX Spinach Festival, 1937 21703/27 Khrushchev becomes Premier of Soviet Union, 1958 21803/29 Swedish settled Christiana (Wilmington) DE, 1638 21903/30 Alaska purchased from Russia for $7.2 million, 1867 22003/30 Five rings around Uranus discovered, 1977 22103/30 Pencil with eraser patented, 1858 22203/31 Pioneer 10 mission ends, having travelled 6 billion miles 223 and provided close-up pictures of Jupiter and first data on 224 interstellar space, 1997 225 22604/04 Martin Luther King assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, 1968 22704/04 NATO Established, 1949 22804/05 US nationalises Gold at a value of $20.67, 1933 22904/06 Joseph Smith founds Mormon Church, 1830 23004/09 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, 1865 23104/12 Confederate troops fire first shots of Civil War at Ft Sumter, 1861 23204/12 Space Shuttle Columbia launched, 1981 23304/12 Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man in space, 1961 23404/14 Lincoln shot in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth, 1865 23504/14 Titanic hits iceberg and sinks, 1912 23604/15 Ray Kroc opens first McDonalds in Des Plaines, IL, 1955 23704/18 First Laundromat opens, Fort Worth Texas, 1934 23804/18 San Francisco earthquake, 1906 23904/19 Bicycle day, Albert Hofmann rides home after ingesting 0.25 milligrams 240 of LSD, 1943 24104/19 Warsaw Ghetto uprising, 1943 24204/23 Hank Aaron hits his first home run, 1954 24304/26 William Shakespeare baptised in Stratford-on-Avon, England, 1564, 244 birthdate unknown 24504/27 Magellan killed in Philippines, 1521 24604/29 Zipper patented by Gideon Sindback, 1913 247 24805/06 Hindenburg explodes and burns upon landing at Lakehurst, NJ, 1939 24905/07 Germany surrenders after WWII, 1945 25005/09 94 degrees, New York, 1979 25105/10 Germany invades Low Countries, 1940 25205/10 Nazi bookburning, 1933 25305/14 Beginning of Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804 25405/14 Nation of Israel proclaimed, 1948 25505/15 Asylum for Inebriates founded, Binghamton NY, 1854 25605/17 24" rain in 11 hours, Pearl River, S. China, 1982 25705/18 Battle of Las Piedras in Uruguay 25805/18 Napoleon crowned Emperor, 1804 25905/21 Battle of Iquique in Chile 26005/21 US explodes first hydrogen bomb, 1956 26105/22 US Civil War ends, 1865 26205/23 Israeli raid into Argentina to capture Adolf Eichmann, 1960 26305/24 Battle of Pinchincha in Ecuador 26405/25 Successful test of the limelight in Purfleet, England, 1830 26505/27 Golden Gate Bridge opens, 1937 26605/29 Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norkay climb Mt. Everest, 1953 267 26806/04 Roquefort cheese developed, 1070 26906/05 Robert Kennedy assassinated, 1968 27008/15 US leaves the Gold Standard, 1971 27106/06 First drive-in movie, 1933 27206/06 Normandy landing, 1944 27306/11 Death of Alexander the Great, 323 B.C. 27406/13 Pioneer 10 flies past Neptune's orbit, the first human artifact 275 to travel beyond the orbits of all known planets, 1983 27606/14 Sandpaper invented by I. Fischer, Jr., 1834 27706/15 Ben Franklin's kite experiment, 1752 27806/15 Magna Carta signed, 1215 27906/15 Series of photographs by Edward Muggeridge prove to Leland Stanford 280 that all the hooves of a horse are off the ground during the gallop, 281 1878 28206/16 "The Blues Brothers" premieres in Chicago, 1980 28306/17 China explodes its first Hydrogen bomb, 1967 28406/19 Lizzie Borden acquitted, 1893 28506/20 Victoria crowned, 1837 28606/21 Berlin airlift begins, 1948 28706/23 Slavery abolished in England, 1772 28806/25 Custer's Last Stand at Little Big Horn, 1876 28906/25 North Korea invades South Korea, 1950 29006/26 Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 29106/26 St. Lawrence Seaway dedicated by Eisenhower & Queen Elizabeth II, 1959 29206/26 Toothbrush invented, 1498 29306/27 100 degrees, Fort Yukon, 1915 29406/28 Supreme Court decides in favor of Alan Bakke, 1978 29506/30 "That" explosion in Siberia, 1908 29606/30 China and Soviet Union announce split over ideology, 1960 297 29807/01 Battle of Gettysburg begins, 1863 29907/03 290 people killed after Iran Airlines A300 shot down by USA, 1988 30007/04 Battles of Vicksburg and Gettysburg won by Union forces, 1863 30107/04 Cloudy, 76 degrees, Philadelphia PA, 1776 30207/04 New York abstains on Declaration of Independence vote, 1776 30307/04 Thoreau enters woods, 1845 30407/06 First `talkie' (talking motion picture) premiere in New York, 1928 30507/06 Lawrence of Arabia captures Aqaba, 1917 30607/07 First radio broadcast of "Dragnet", 1949 30707/08 First public reading of the Declaration of Independence, 1776 30807/08 Liberty Bell cracks while being rung at funeral of John Marshall, 1835 30907/09 10-hour working day set by law, NH, 1847 31007/10 134 degrees in Death Valley, 1913 31107/13 Women first compete in Olympic games, 1908 31207/16 Detonation of the first atomic bomb at Alamogordo, NM, 1945 31307/17 Disneyland opens, 1955 31407/18 Ty Cobb gets 4000th base hit, 1927 31507/20 Armstrong and Aldrin land on moon, 1969 31607/21 First Train Robbery, Jesse James gets $3000 near Adair, Iowa, 1873 31707/23 Ice cream cone introduced, St. Louis MO, 1904 31807/24 Scopes Monkey Trial, 1925 31907/30 "In God We Trust" made U.S. motto, 1956 32007/31 Harry S. Truman dedicates N.Y. Int'l Airport @ Idlewild Field, 1948, 321 later JFK 322 32308/03 Columbus sets sail for Cathay, 1492 32408/03 USS Nautilus crosses under north polar ice cap, 1958 32508/04 Axe murder of Andrew and Abbey Borden, 1892 32608/04 Britain declares war on Germany starting World War I, 1914 32708/06 Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, 1945 32808/06 Caricom in Barbados 32908/06 Cy Young pitches first game, 1890 33008/08 Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, 1945 33108/08 Montenegro declares war on Germany, 1914 33208/08 Richard Nixon resigns the US presidency, 1974 33308/08 The Great Train Robbery -- $7,368,000, 1963 33408/09 Helter Skelter... the Charles Manson murders take place, 1969 33508/09 Persia defeats Spartan King Leonidas at Thermopylae, 480 BC 33608/09 US/Canada border defined in the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 1842 33708/10 Chicago incorporated as a village of 300 people, 1833 33808/10 US and Panama agree to transfer the canal in the year 2000, 1977 33908/11 France Ends War in Indochina, 1954 34008/12 First test flight of Space Shuttle "Enterprise" from 747, 1977 34108/12 Last U.S. ground troops out of Vietnam, 1972 34208/13 Berlin wall erected, 1961 34308/13 Li'l Abner debut, 1934 34408/14 Social Security begins in U.S., 1935 34508/15 Gandhi's movement obtains independence for Pakistan and India, 1947 34608/15 Hurricane hits Plimoth Plantation, 1635 34708/16 Roller Coaster patented, 1898 34808/17 First public bath opened in N.Y., 1891 34908/18 Anti-Cigarette League of America formed 35008/19 Air Force cargo plane snares payload from Discoverer 14 spy satellite, 351 marking start of practical military reconnaissance from space, 1960 35208/19 Gail Borden patents condensed milk, 1856 35308/22 Death of King Richard III, 1485, Last of the Plantagenets 35408/22 Joe Walker sets X-15 all time altitude mark (67 miles), 1963 35508/22 St. Columbia reports seeing monster in Loch Ness, 565 35608/24 "Alice's Restaurant" premieres in New York and Los Angeles, 1969 35708/24 -126.9 F at Vostok, Antarctica, 1960 35808/24 British troops burn Washington, 1814 35908/25 Gen. DeGaulle leads French forces into Paris, 1944 36008/26 Women get the right to vote, Nineteenth Amendment to US Constitution 361 becomes law, 1920 36208/27 Edgar Rice Burroughs' "Tarzan of the Apes" published, 1912 36308/27 Krakatoa, Java explodes with a force of 1,300 megatons, 1883 36408/28 King leads over 200K in civil rights rally in Washington, DC, 1963 36508/29 Star in Cygnus goes nova and becomes 4th brightest in sky, 1975; 366 Nova Cygni 1975. 36708/30 Japan Stationery Co. sells first felt-tipped pen, 1960 36808/30 Washington-to-Moscow hot line connected, 1963 36908/31 269 people killed after Korean Airlines 747 shot down by USSR, 1983 37008/31 Mary Anne Nichols becomes Jack the Ripper's first victim, 1888 37108/31 Non-aggression pact signed by USSR and Afghanistan, 1926 372 37309/01 Bobby Fischer defeats Boris Spassky in World Chess Match, 1972 37409/01 Joshua A. Norton proclaims himself 'Emperor Norton I', 1859 37509/02 Great Britain adopts Gregorian Calendar, 1752 37609/02 Japan signs unconditional surrender on US battleship `Missouri', 1945 37709/05 The first Continental Congress was convened in Philadelphia, 1774 37809/06 149 Pilgrims set forth from England aboard the Mayflower, 1620 37909/06 Pres. McKinley shot, 1901 38009/08 "Star Trek" debuts on NBC (1966) 38109/08 Jack the Ripper kills again, Annie Chapman is second victim, 1888 38209/08 President Ford pardons Richard M. Nixon, 1974 38309/09 California becomes the 31st state, 1850 38409/09 United Colonies is renamed the United States, 1776 38509/11 Twin Towers fall in terrorist attacks, 2001 38609/12 German paratroopers rescue Mussolini from captivity in Rome, 1943 38709/12 Germany annexes Sudetenland, 1938 38809/13 136.4 F at el Azizia, Libya, 1922 38909/13 British defeat the French at Abraham near Quebec City, 1788 39009/13 Building of Hadrian's Wall begun, 122 39109/13 Chiang Kai-Shek becomes president of China, 1943 39209/14 Benjamin Franklin is sent to France as an American minister, 1778 39309/14 Salem, Massachusetts, is founded, 1629 39409/14 The Selective Service Act establishes the first peacetime draft, 1940 39509/15 Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev begins his 13 day tour of the US, 1959 39609/15 The U.S. Foreign Affairs Dept. becomes the U.S. State Department, 1789 39709/16 The village of Shawmut, Massachusetts, becomes the city of Boston, 1630 39809/17 Battle of Antietam, 1862 39909/20 Equal Rights Party nominates Belva Lockwood for President, 1884 40009/20 First meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of 401 Science, 1848 40209/20 First meeting of the National Research Council, 1916 40309/20 Magellan leaves Spain on the first Round the World passage, 1519 40409/20 The Roxy Theater opens in Hollywood, 1973 40509/22 Allied forces form the independent nation West Germany, 1953 40609/22 President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, 1862 40709/22 The first Soviet atomic bomb explodes, 1949 40809/23 Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos declares martial law, 1972 40909/23 The New York Knickerbockers becomes the first U.S. Baseball club, 1845 41009/25 Sandra Day O'Connor becomes first woman on US Supreme Court, 1981 41109/27 The first passenger was hauled in a locomotive in England, 1825 41209/28 John Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" published, 1678 41309/28 A Greek soldier runs 26+ miles after the Persian defeat at Marathon, 414 490BC 41509/30 Red Jack kills 2, Elizabeth Stride (\#3) and Catherine Eddowes (\#4), 416 1888 41709/30 The first tooth is extracted under anesthesia in Charleston, Mass, 1846 41809/30 The verdicts of the Nuremberg trials are announced, 1946 419 42010/01 NASA officially begins operations, 1958 42110/02 Thurgood Marshall sworn in as the first black Supreme Court Justice, 1967 42210/04 Crimean war begins, 1853 42310/04 Sputnik 1, world's first orbiting satellite launched, 1957 42410/06 Antioch College is the first public school to admit men and women, 1853 42510/06 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat is assassinated in Cairo, 1981 42610/06 Israel is attacked by the alliance of Egypt and Syria, 1973 42710/07 Foundation of the German Democratic Republic in 1949 42810/07 Georgia Tech. beats Cumberland Univ. 222-0, 1916 42910/07 Mother Teresa of Calcutta awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, 1979 43010/08 Great Chicago Fire, 1871 43110/09 First two-way telephone conversation, 1876 43210/11 "Saturday Night Live" premiers on NBC-TV, 1975 43310/11 The Gang of Four are arrested in Peking, 1976 43410/11 The first steam powered ferry ran between New York and Hoboken, 1811 43510/11 The second Vatican Ecumenical Council opens in Rome, 1962 43610/12 Bahama Natives discover Columbus of Europe lost on their shores, 1492 43710/12 Khrushchev pounds his desk with shoe during a speech to the UN, 1960 43810/12 Man O'War's last race, 1920 43910/13 Italy declares war on Germany, 1943 44010/13 U.S. Navy born, 1775, authorized by the Second Continental Congress 44110/14 Battle of Hastings won by William the Conqueror and the Normans, 1066 44210/14 Chuck Yeager breaks sound barrier, 1947 44310/18 Boston Shoemakers form first U.S. labor org., 1648 44410/18 Soviets announce their probe took photos of the Moon's far side, 1959 44510/19 Mao Tse-tung establishes the People's Republic of China, 1949 44610/19 Napoleon's beaten army begins the long retreat from Moscow, 1812 44710/20 OPEC embargo, 1973 44810/21 Edison makes the first practical incandescent lamp, 1879 44910/21 Guggenheim Museum opens, 1959 45010/23 Battle of Leyte Gulf begins, 1944 45110/25 The UN removes Taiwan and admits the People's Republic of China, 1971 45210/26 UN's World Health Organization declares smallpox eradicated, 1978 45310/27 New York's Boss Tweed is arrested on fraud charges, 1871 45410/27 The first New York Subway is opened, 1904 45510/28 Columbus discovers Cuba, 1492 45610/28 Constantine's army defeats forces of Maxentius at Mulvian Bridge, 312 45710/28 Harvard was founded in Massachusetts, 1636 45810/28 Statue of Liberty was dedicated on Bedloe's Island, 1886 45910/29 Stock Market Crash, 1929 46010/30 Orson Welles' "War of the Worlds" broadcast, 1938 46110/31 Luther nails 95 Theses to door of Castle Church, Wittenberg, 1517 462 46311/01 Austria-Hungary become two separate nations, 1918 46411/02 Luftwaffe completes 57 consecutive nights of bombing of London, 1940 46511/02 Two Frenchmen make the first free hot air balloon flight, 1783 46611/03 Beef rises to 3 cents a pound, IL, 1837 46711/03 Linus Pauling wins Nobel Chemistry Prize, 1954 46811/03 Sputnik II launched, 1957, bearing spacedog Laika 46911/04 Iranian militants seize US embassy personnel in Tehran, 1979 47011/04 Soviet forces crush the anti-communist revolt in Hungary, 1956 47111/05 Guy Fawkes' Plot, 1605 47211/06 Anniversary of the October Socialist Revolution (2 days) in U.S.S.R. 47311/07 Lewis and Clark Expedition in sight of the Pacific Ocean, 1805 47411/09 Blackout of New York, New England, and Eastern Canada, 1965 47511/09 Giant panda discovered (?!), China, 1927 47611/09 Jack the Ripper kills fifth and final victim, Jane Kelly, 1888 47711/09 Roosevelt establishes the Civil Works Administration, 1933 47811/10 41 Women arrested in suffragette demonstrations near White House, 1917 47911/10 Cpt. Wirz, commandant of Andersonville Prison hanged, 1865 48011/10 Henry Morton Stanley asks David Livingstone, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?", 1871 48111/11 Washington becomes the 42nd state, 1889 48211/12 Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Birthday in Taiwan 48311/12 U.S. first exports oil to Europe, 1861 48411/15 Niagara Falls power plant startup, 1896 48511/16 Opening of the Suez Canal, 1869 48611/17 46,000 meteoroids fall over AZ in 20 minutes, 1966 48711/18 First hydrogen bomb blasts Enewetok, 1952 48811/18 Local standard time zones established for US, 1883 48911/19 Gettysburg Address delivered, 1863 49011/22 Kennedy shot in Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald, 1963 49111/23 First broadcast of Dr. Who, 1963 49211/24 Lee Harvey Oswald killed by Jack Ruby, 1963 49311/25 Alfred Nobel invents dynamite, 1867 49411/27 Alfred Nobel establishes Nobel Prize, 1895 49511/27 Friction match invented, England, 1826 49611/27 Hoosac Railroad Tunnel completed, 1873, in NW Massachusetts 49711/29 Sand Creek massacre, Colorado, USA, 1864 49811/29 King Tut's tomb opened, 1922 499 50012/01 Martin Luther King Jr., leads black boycott of Montgomery buses, 1955 50112/01 Rosa Parks refuses to move to back of the bus (Montgomery, AL), 1953 50212/03 First neon light display, Paris, 1910 50312/03 First successful human heart transplant led by Dr. Barnard, 1967 50412/04 Washington takes leave of his officers at Fraunce's Tavern, NYC, 1783 50512/05 End of Prohibition, 1933 (at least the alcohol part) 50612/05 Phi Beta Kappa founded, 1776 50712/05 The Eighteenth Amendment repealed, ending Prohibition, 1933 50812/05 Nelson Mandela dies aged 95, 2013 50912/07 Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, 1941 51012/09 Ball-bearing roller skates patented, 1884 51112/10 Metric system established in France, 1799 51212/12 First wireless message sent across Atlantic by Marconi, 1901 51312/13 Apollo 17 leaves the moon, with "last" men to walk on moon aboard, 1972 51412/13 Dartmouth College chartered, 1769 51512/15 Bill of Rights adopted, 1791 51612/15 James Naismith invents basketball, Canada, 1891 51712/16 Kazakhstan declares independence from USSR, 1991 51812/20 U.S. buys ~1,000,000 sq. miles of Louisiana for ~$20/sq.mi. 51912/27 Ether first used as anesthetic in childbirth, 1845 52012/28 Comet Kohoutek at perihelion, 1973 52112/29 Massacre at Wounded Knee, 1890 52212/30 First Los Angeles freeway dedicated, 1940 523