1.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.33 2020/08/29 13:32:27 fcambus Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 15.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 16.\" without specific prior written permission. 17.\" 18.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 19.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 20.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 21.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 22.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 23.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 24.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 25.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 26.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 27.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 28.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.\" @(#)boot_sparc.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94 31.\" 32.Dd June 17, 2006 33.Dt BOOT 8 sparc 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm boot 37.Nd 38system bootstrapping procedures 39.Sh SYNOPSIS 40.Nm boot 41.Op Fl adqsv 42.Oo 43.Ar -- 44.Aq Ar boot string 45.Oc 46.Sh DESCRIPTION 47.Ss Power fail and crash recovery 48Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes. 49An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed 50as described in 51.Xr fsck 8 , 52and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations. 53.Ss Cold starts 54The 55.Tn Sun 56boot firmware, either old-style or new-style (Open Boot Prom), 57performs a Power On Self Test 58.Pq Tn POST , 59and then will boot an operating system according to 60configuration in Open Firmware environment variables. 61.Ss Boot program options 62.Bl -tag -width xxx 63.It Fl a 64Prompt for the root file system device, the system crash dump 65device, and the path to 66.Xr init 8 . 67.It Fl d 68Bring the system up in debug mode. 69Here it waits for a kernel debugger connect; see 70.Xr gdb 1 . 71.It Fl C 72Boot kernel in compat mode. 73Starting with revision 1.14 74.Pq introduced on 2003/03/01 , 75the sparc boot program loads the 76.Nx 77kernel at its linked virtual address. 78This feature requires a kernel built after 2003/02/21 79.Pq corresponding to kernel version 1.6Q . 80To load older kernels, the 81.Fl C 82option must be used, which loads the kernel at physical address 830x4000. 84The size of a kernel loaded in this way is limited to approximately 853MB. 86.It Fl q 87Boot the system in quiet mode. 88.It Fl s 89Bring the system up in single-user mode. 90.It Fl v 91Boot the system in verbose mode. 92.El 93.Pp 94Any extra flags or arguments, or the 95.Aq Ar boot string 96after the -- separator are passed to the boot PROM. 97Other flags are currently ignored. 98.Pp 99The SPARC boot ROM comes in two flavours: an 100.Dq old-style 101ROM is used in sun4 machines, while a 102.Dq new-style 103ROM can be found on sun4c and sun4m models. 104The 105.Dq new-style 106SPARC boot ROM is a full-featured Forth system with emacs key bindings. 107It can be put in 108.Dq old-style 109user-interface compatibility mode (in which case it shows a simple 110.Sq > 111prompt), but this is essentially useless. 112However, by default on sun4c models, the ROM runs in old-mode; to 113enter new-mode type 114.Sq n . 115The ROM then shows a Forth-style 116.Dq ok 117prompt. 118It is recommended to have the ROM always start in its native 119.Dq new-style 120mode. 121Utter the following incantation in new-mode to force the ROM to always start 122in new-mode. 123.Pp 124.Pa \ ok 125setenv sunmon-compat? false 126.Pp 127The ROM will normally load the kernel from 128.Dq sd(0,0,0)vmunix . 129To change the default so that 130.Nx 131will be loaded from somewhere else, type the following 132.Pp 133.Pa \ ok 134setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd 135.Pp 136On newer SPARC machines, there are various aliases to access common devices. 137A typical list of usable boot devices (extracted from the output of 138the Open Boot PROM command 139.Ic devalias ) 140is: 141.Bd -literal -offset indent 142floppy /obio/SUNW,fdtwo 143net-aui /iommu/sbus/ledma@f,400010:aui/le@f,c00000 144net-tpe /iommu/sbus/ledma@f,400010:tpe/le@f,c00000 145net /iommu/sbus/ledma@f,400010/le@f,c00000 146disk /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0 147cdrom /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@6,0:d 148tape /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/st@4,0 149tape1 /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/st@5,0 150tape0 /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/st@4,0 151disk3 /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0 152disk2 /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@2,0 153disk1 /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@1,0 154disk0 /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@0,0 155.Ed 156.Pp 157For new-style machines, 158if a device specification includes a partition letter (for example 159.Em cdrom 160in above list), that partition is used by default, otherwise the first (a) 161partition is used. 162If booting from the net device, there is no partition involved. 163.Pp 164At any time you can break back to the ROM by pressing the 165.Sq L1 166and 167.Sq a 168keys at the same time (if the console is a serial port the same is 169achieved by sending a 170.Sq break ) . 171If you do this accidentally you can continue whatever was in progress 172by typing 173.Sq go . 174.Sh OPEN BOOT PROM ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES 175This section only applies to new-style machines. 176.Pp 177All Open Boot PROM environment variables can be printed with the 178.Ic printenv 179command and changed with the 180.Ic setenv 181command. 182The boot process relevant variables and their suggested value for 183booting 184.Nx 185are: 186.Bd -literal -offset indent 187auto-boot? true 188boot-file 189boot-device disk 190diag-switch? false 191.Ed 192.Pp 193Of course you may select any other boot device, 194if you do not want to boot from the device aliased to 195.Em disk , 196see the discussion on devices above. 197.Sh OPEN BOOT PROM ABBREVIATED COMMAND SUMMARY 198This section only applies to new-style machines. 199.Pp 200The following Open Boot PROM commands are related to the boot process: 201.Bd -literal -offset indent 202boot boot the system from the default device 203boot device filename arguments 204 boot the specified device, filename and arguments 205probe-ide list devices on the primary IDE controller 206probe-ide-all list devices on all known IDE controllers 207probe-scsi list devices on the primary SCSI controller 208probe-scsi-all list devices on all known SCSI controllers 209reset reset the system 210.Ed 211For disk and tape devices, the boot device is specified as 212.Sq /path/device@target,lun:partition . 213.Sh PROM MONITOR ABBREVIATED COMMAND SUMMARY 214This section only applies to old-style machines. 215.Pp 216The following PROM monitor commands are related to the boot process: 217.Bd -literal -offset indent 218b boot the system from the default device 219b device filename arguments 220 boot the specified device, filename and arguments 221b? list boot device types 222k2 reset the system 223.Ed 224.Pp 225For SCSI disk and tape devices, the boot device is specified as 226.Sq device(controller,unit,partition) , 227where 228.Sq unit 229is the hexadecimal value of the SCSI id of the target multiplied 230by eight plus the lun, and 231.Sq partition 232is the partition number, starting from 0. 233.Sh FILES 234.Bl -tag -width /netbsdxx -compact 235.It Pa /netbsd 236system code 237.It Pa /boot 238system bootstrap 239.El 240.Sh SEE ALSO 241.Xr crash 8 , 242.Xr disklabel 8 , 243.Xr fsck 8 , 244.Xr halt 8 , 245.Xr init 8 , 246.Xr installboot 8 , 247.Xr rc 8 , 248.Xr shutdown 8 , 249.Xr sparc64/boot 8 , 250.Xr syslogd 8 251.Sh BUGS 252On sun4 machines, the 253.Nx 254sparc boot loader can only boot from RAID partitions that start at the 255beginning of the disk. 256.Pp 257On sun4 and early PROM version sun4c machines, the PROM can only boot from 258the first 1Gb of the disk. 259.Pp 260On later PROM version sun4c and early PROM version sun4m machines, the PROM 261can only boot from the first 2Gb of the disk. 262.Pp 263On later PROM version sun4m machines, the PROM can only boot from the first 2644Gb of the disk. 265