1.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.1 1996/06/27 11:07:56 leo Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 7.\" the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer 8.\" Science Department. 9.\" 10.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 11.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 12.\" are met: 13.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 15.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 16.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 17.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 18.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 19.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 20.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 21.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 22.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24.\" without specific prior written permission. 25.\" 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 37.\" 38.\" From: 39.\" @(#)boot_hp300.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94 40.\" 41.Dd June 21, 1996 42.Dt boot 8 43.Os 44.Sh NAME 45.Nm boot 46.Nd 47system bootstrapping procedures 48.Sh DESCRIPTION 49.Sy Power fail and crash recovery 50.Pp 51When the 52.Tn NetBSD 53kernel is booted normally (using one of the two methods discussed below), 54it initializes itself and proceeds to boot the system. An automatic 55consistency check of the file systems takes place, and unless this 56fails, the system comes up to multi-user operations. The proper way 57to shut the system down is with the 58.Xr shutdown 8 59command. 60.Pp 61If the system crashes, it will enter the kernel debugger, 62.Xr ddb 8 63,if it is configured in the kernel. If the debugger is not present, 64or the debugger is exited, the system will attempt a dump to the 65configured dump device (which will be automatically recovered with 66.Xr savecore 8 67during the next boot cycle). After the dump is complete (successful 68or not), the system will attempt a reboot. 69.Pp 70.Sy Booting NetBSD using the bootloader 71.Pp 72When a bootable 73.Tn NetBSD 74partition is created by means of 75.Xr installboot 8 76, the Atari BIOS will automatically start the NetBSD bootloader. By default 77it will load the kernel image 78.Pa /netbsd 79and attempts to boot it into multi-user mode. This behaviour can be changed by 80either keeping the 81.Pa Alternate 82or the 83.Pa Right-Shift 84key pressed during the boot. When 85the 86.Pa Alternate 87key is pressed, the bootstrap is aborted, causing the BIOS 88to continue scanning the disks for a bootable partition (this is compatible 89with AHDI 3.0). Pressing the 90.Pa Right-Shift 91key during the boot, causes the boot loader to enter the interactive mode. 92In interactive mode, the command line looks like: 93.Bd -ragged -offset indent 94.Pp 95.Op Ar OS-type 96.Op Ar boot-path 97.Op Ar boot-options 98.Ed 99.Pp 100Each component of the command can be ommitted in which case the defaults 101indicated will be used. 102.Bl -tag -width 103.It OS-type: 104.Bl -tag -compact -width ".netbsd (default)" 105.It .netbsd (the default) 106.It .linux 107.It .asv 108.It .tos 109.El 110.Pp 111If something other than 112.Pa .netbsd 113is specified, control is returned to the BIOS with the boot preference set to 114the selected type. Due to limitations of the BIOS however, the search for 115bootblocks is continued rather than restarted. 116.It boot-path 117This gives you the opportunity to boot another kernel, say: 118.Pa /netbsd.old. 119The default is 120.Pa /netbsd 121.It boot-options 122These options are a subset of the 123.Xr loadbsd 124options. 125.Bl -tag -width flag -compact 126.It Fl a 127Boot into multi-user mode (the default) 128.It Fl b 129Ask for a root device 130.It Fl d 131Enter the kernel debugger 132.El 133.El 134.Pp 135.Sy Booting using the loadbsd program 136.Pp 137When you want (or have to) start NetBSD from GEM, you have to use the 138.Xr loadbsd 139program that is supplied on the kernel-floppy. The loadbsd command line 140specification is: 141.Bd -ragged -offset indent 142.Nm loadbsd 143.Op Fl abdhstwDV 144.Op Fl S Ar amount 145.Op Fl T Ar amount 146.Ar kernel-path 147.Ed 148.Pp 149Description of options: 150.Bl -tag -width flag 151.It Fl a 152Boot automatically into multi-user mode. 153.It Fl b 154Ask for the root device the kernel must use. 155.It Fl d 156Enter the kernel debugger after booting. 157.It Fl h 158Print a help screen that tries to explain the same options as mentioned 159here. 160.It Fl o Ar outputfile 161Write all output to the file 162.Ar outputfile. 163.It Fl s 164Tell NetBSD only to use ST compatible RAM. 165.It Fl t 166Test loading of the kernel but don't start NetBSD. 167.It Fl w 168Wait for a keypress before exiting loadbsd. This is useful when starting this 169program under GEM. 170.It Fl D 171Show debugging output while booting the kernel. 172.It Fl S Ar amount 173Set the amount of available ST compatible RAM in bytes. Normally this 174value is set automatically from the values initialized by the BIOS. 175.It Fl T Ar amount 176Set the amount of available TT compatible RAM in bytes. Normally this 177value is set automatically from the values initialized by the BIOS. 178.It Fl V 179Print the version of 180.Xr loadbsd 181that you are using. 182.It Ar kernel-path 183This is a GEMDOS path specification of the kernel to boot. 184.El 185.Pp 186Note: Because the loadbsd program can only read kernels from a GEMDOS 187filesystem, the file 188.Ar /netbsd 189is usually not the same as the actual kernel booted. This can cause some 190programs to fail. 191.Sh FILES 192.Bl -tag -width /netbsd -compact 193.It Pa /netbsd 194system kernel 195.El 196.Sh SEE ALSO 197.Xr ddb 8 , 198.Xr savecore 8 , 199.Xr shutdown 8 200 201