1.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.4 1997/07/10 07:37:23 mikel Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 7.\" the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer 8.\" Science Department. 9.\" 10.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 11.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 12.\" are met: 13.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 15.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 16.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 17.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 18.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 19.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 20.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 21.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 22.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24.\" without specific prior written permission. 25.\" 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 37.\" 38.\" From: 39.\" @(#)boot_hp300.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94 40.\" 41.Dd June 21, 1996 42.Dt boot 8 43.Os 44.Sh NAME 45.Nm boot 46.Nd 47system bootstrapping procedures 48.Sh DESCRIPTION 49.Sy Power fail and crash recovery 50.Pp 51When the 52.Tn NetBSD 53kernel is booted normally (using one of the two methods discussed below), 54it initializes itself and proceeds to boot the system. An automatic 55consistency check of the file systems takes place, and unless this 56fails, the system comes up to multi-user operations. The proper way 57to shut the system down is with the 58.Xr shutdown 8 59command. 60.Pp 61If the system crashes, it will enter the kernel debugger, 62.Xr ddb 4 , 63if it is configured in the kernel. If the debugger is not present, 64or the debugger is exited, the system will attempt a dump to the 65configured dump device (which will be automatically recovered with 66.Xr savecore 8 67during the next boot cycle). After the dump is complete (successful 68or not), the system will attempt a reboot. 69.Pp 70.Sy Booting NetBSD using the bootloader 71.Pp 72When a bootable 73.Tn NetBSD 74partition is created by means of 75.Xr installboot 8 76and the boot-preference bit in the NVRAM is either invalid or set to 77.Tn NetBSD 78, the Atari BIOS will automatically start the NetBSD bootloader. By default 79it will load the kernel image 80.Pa /netbsd 81and attempts to boot it into multi-user mode. This behaviour can be changed by 82either keeping the 83.Pa Alternate 84or the 85.Pa Right-Shift 86key pressed during the boot. When 87the 88.Pa Alternate 89key is pressed, the bootstrap is aborted, causing the BIOS 90to continue scanning the disks for a bootable partition (this is compatible 91with AHDI 3.0). Pressing the 92.Pa Right-Shift 93key during the boot, causes the boot loader to enter the interactive mode. 94In interactive mode, the command line looks like: 95.Bd -ragged -offset indent 96.Pp 97.Op Ar OS-type 98.Op Ar boot-path 99.Op Ar boot-options 100.Ed 101.Pp 102Each component of the command can be omitted in which case the defaults 103indicated will be used. 104.Bl -tag -width 105.It OS-type: 106.Bl -tag -compact -width ".netbsd (default)" 107.It .netbsd (the default) 108.It .linux 109.It .asv 110.It .tos 111.El 112.Pp 113If something other than 114.Pa .netbsd 115is specified, control is returned to the BIOS with the boot preference set to 116the selected type. Due to limitations of the BIOS however, the search for 117bootblocks is continued rather than restarted. 118.It boot-path 119This gives you the opportunity to boot another kernel, say: 120.Pa /netbsd.old. 121The default is 122.Pa /netbsd 123.It boot-options 124These options are a subset of the 125.Xr loadbsd 8 126options. 127.Bl -tag -width flag -compact 128.It Fl a 129Boot into multi-user mode (the default) 130.It Fl b 131Ask for a root device 132.It Fl d 133Enter the kernel debugger 134.El 135.El 136.Pp 137.Sy Booting using the loadbsd program 138.Pp 139When you want (or have to) start NetBSD from GEM, you have to use the 140.Xr loadbsd 8 141program that is supplied on the kernel-floppy. The loadbsd command line 142specification is: 143.Bd -ragged -offset indent 144.Nm loadbsd 145.Op Fl abdhstwDV 146.Op Fl S Ar amount 147.Op Fl T Ar amount 148.Ar kernel-path 149.Ed 150.Pp 151Description of options: 152.Bl -tag -width flag 153.It Fl a 154Boot automatically into multi-user mode. 155.It Fl b 156Ask for the root device the kernel must use. 157.It Fl d 158Enter the kernel debugger after booting. 159.It Fl h 160Print a help screen that tries to explain the same options as mentioned 161here. 162.It Fl o Ar outputfile 163Write all output to the file 164.Ar outputfile. 165.It Fl s 166Tell NetBSD only to use ST compatible RAM. 167.It Fl t 168Test loading of the kernel but don't start NetBSD. 169.It Fl w 170Wait for a keypress before exiting loadbsd. This is useful when starting this 171program under GEM. 172.It Fl D 173Show debugging output while booting the kernel. 174.It Fl S Ar amount 175Set the amount of available ST compatible RAM in bytes. Normally this 176value is set automatically from the values initialized by the BIOS. 177.It Fl T Ar amount 178Set the amount of available TT compatible RAM in bytes. Normally this 179value is set automatically from the values initialized by the BIOS. 180.It Fl V 181Print the version of 182.Xr loadbsd 8 183that you are using. 184.It Ar kernel-path 185This is a GEMDOS path specification of the kernel to boot. 186.El 187.Pp 188Note: Because the loadbsd program can only read kernels from a GEMDOS 189filesystem, the file 190.Ar /netbsd 191is usually not the same as the actual kernel booted. This can cause some 192programs to fail. 193.Sh FILES 194.Bl -tag -width /netbsd -compact 195.It Pa /netbsd 196system kernel 197.El 198.Sh SEE ALSO 199.Xr ddb 4 , 200.Xr savecore 8 , 201.Xr shutdown 8 202