man/man4/ath.4

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.\" Note: This man page was taken by Perry Metzger almost entirely
.\" from the "ath" and "ath_hal" man pages in FreeBSD. I claim no
.\" copyright because there was nearly no original work performed in
.\" doing so. Maintainers should check the FreeBSD originals for
.\" updates against the following two revisions and incorporate them
.\" if needed:
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.\" $FreeBSD: /repoman/r/ncvs/src/share/man/man4/ath.4,v 1.16 2004/02/18 08:30:08 maxim Exp $
.\" parts from $FreeBSD: /repoman/r/ncvs/src/share/man/man4/ath_hal.4,v 1.7 2004/01/07 20:49:51 blackend Exp $
.\"
.Dd May 27, 2019
.Dt ATH 4
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm ath
.Nd Atheros IEEE 802.11 driver
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "ath* at pci? dev ? function ?"
.Cd "ath* at cardbus? function ?"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
driver provides support for wireless network adapters based on
the Atheros AR2413, AR2417, AR5210, AR5211, AR5212, AR5213, AR5413,
AR5416, AR5424, AR9160, AR9280, and AR9285 chips.
Chip-specific support is provided by the Atheros Hardware Access Layer
(HAL).
.Pp
Supported features include 802.11 and 802.3 frames, power management, BSS,
IBSS, and host-based access point operation modes.
All host/device interaction is via DMA.
.Pp
The
.Nm
driver encapsulates all IP and ARP traffic as 802.11 frames, however
it can receive either 802.11 or 802.3 frames.
Transmit speed and operating mode is selectable
depending on your hardware.
.Pp
AR5210-based devices support 802.11a operation with transmit speeds
of 6 Mbps, 9 Mbps, 12 Mbps, 18 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 48 Mbps, and 54 Mbps.
.Pp
AR5211-based devices support 802.11a and 802.11b operation with transmit
speeds as above for 802.11a operation and
1Mbps, 2Mbps, 5.5 Mbps and 11Mbps for 802.11b operation.
.Pp
AR5212-based and AR5213-based devices support 802.11a, 802.11b, and
802.11g operation with transmit speeds appropriate to each.
.Pp
All chips also support an Atheros Turbo Mode (TM) that operates in the
802.11a frequency range with 2x the transmit speeds.
(This mode is, however, only interoperable with other Atheros-based devices.)
.Pp
The actual transmit speed used is dependent on signal quality and the
.Dq rate control
algorithm employed by the driver.
All chips support WEP encryption.
.Pp
By default, the
.Nm
driver configures the card for BSS operation (aka infrastructure
mode).
This mode requires the use of an access point (base station).
.Pp
The
.Nm
driver also supports the standard IBSS point-to-point mode
where stations can communicate amongst themselves without the
aid of an access point.
.Pp
The driver may also be configured to operate in hostap mode.
In this mode a host may function as an access point (base station).
Access points are different than operating in IBSS mode.
They operate in BSS mode.
They allow for easier roaming and bridge all Ethernet traffic such
that machines connected via an access point appear to be on the local
Ethernet segment.
.Pp
The mode of operation is chosen by specifying the appropriate mediaopt
value to ifconfig.
The
.Fl m
flag to ifconfig will list the available options.
.Pp
For more information on configuring this device, see
.Xr ifconfig 8 .
.Pp
Devices supported by the
.Nm
driver come in either CardBus or mini-PCI packages.
Wireless cards in CardBus slots may be inserted and ejected on the fly.
.Pp
The following cards are among those supported by the
.Nm
driver:
.Pp
.Bl -column -compact "Samsung SWL-5200N" "AR5212" "CardBus" "a/b/g"
.It Em "Card	Chip	Bus	Standard"
.It 3Com 3CRPAG175	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It Airlink AWLH4030	AR5212	PCI	b/g
.It Aztech WL830PC	AR5212	CardBus	b/g
.It Belkin F6D3000	AR5212	PCI	a/b/g
.It D-Link DWL-A520	AR5210	PCI	a
.It D-Link DWL-A650	AR5210	CardBus	a
.It D-Link DWL-AB650	AR5211	CardBus	a/b
.It D-Link DWL-AG520	AR5212	PCI	a/b/g
.It D-Link DWL-AG650	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It D-Link DWL-AG660	AR521?	CardBus	a/b/g
.It D-Link DWL-G520	AR5212	PCI	b/g
.It D-Link DWL-G650B	AR5212	CardBus	b/g
.It Elecom LD-WL54	AR5211	CardBus	a
.It Elecom LD-WL54AG	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It Fujitsu E5454	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It Fujitsu E5454	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It Fujitsu FMV-JW481	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It HP NC4000	AR5212	PCI	a/b/g
.It I/O Data WN-A54	AR5212	CardBus	a
.It I/O Data WN-AB	AR5212	CardBus	a/b
.It I/O Data WN-AG	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It Linksys WMP55AG	AR5212	PCI	a/b/g
.It Linksys WPC51AB	AR5211	CardBus	a/b
.It Linksys WPC55AG	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It NEC PA-WL/54AG	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It Netgear WAB501	AR5211	CardBus	a/b
.It Netgear WAG311	AR5212	PCI	a/b/g
.It Netgear WAG511	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It Netgear WG311	AR5212	PCI	b/g
.It Netgear WG511T	AR5212	CardBus	b/g
.It Orinoco 8470WD	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It Orinoco 8480	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It Planex GW-NS54AG	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It Proxim Skyline 4030	AR5210	CardBus	a
.It Proxim Skyline 4032	AR5210	PCI	a
.It Samsung SWL-5200N	AR5212	CardBus	a/b/g
.It SMC SMC2735W	AR5210	CardBus	a
.It Sony PCWA-C300S	AR5212	CardBus	b/g
.It Sony PCWA-C500	AR5210	CardBus	a
.It Sony PCWA-C700	AR5212	CardBus	a/b
.It Ubiquiti SRC	AR5213	CardBus	a/b/g
.El
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Bl -diag
.It "ath%d: unable to attach hardware; HAL status %u"
The Atheros Hardware Access Layer was unable to configure the hardware
as requested.
The status code is explained in the HAL include file
.Pa contrib/sys/dev/ic/athhal.h .
.It "ath%d: failed to allocate descriptors: %d"
The driver was unable to allocate contiguous memory for the transmit
and receive descriptors.
This usually indicates system memory is scarce and/or fragmented.
.It "ath%d: unable to setup a data xmit queue!"
The request to the HAL to setup the transmit queue for normal
data frames failed.
This should not happen.
.It "ath%d: unable to setup a beacon xmit queue!"
The request to the HAL to setup the transmit queue for 802.11 beacon frames
failed.
This should not happen.
.It "ath%d: 802.11 address: %s"
The MAC address programmed in the EEPROM is displayed.
.It "ath%d: hardware error; resetting"
An unrecoverable error in the hardware occurred.
Errors of this sort include unrecoverable DMA errors.
The driver will reset the hardware and continue.
.It "ath%d: rx FIFO overrun; resetting"
The receive FIFO in the hardware overflowed before the data could be
transferred to the host.
This typically occurs because the hardware ran short of receive
descriptors and had no place to transfer received data.
The driver will reset the hardware and continue.
.It "ath%d: unable to reset hardware; hal status %u"
The Atheros Hardware Access Layer was unable to reset the hardware
as requested.
The status code is explained in the HAL include file
.Pa sys/external/isc/atheros_hal/dist/ah.h .
This should not happen.
.It "ath%d: unable to start recv logic"
The driver was unable to restart frame reception.
This should not happen.
.It "ath%d: device timeout"
A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time.
The driver will reset the hardware and continue.
This should not happen.
.It "ath%d: bogus xmit rate 0x%x"
An invalid transmit rate was specified for an outgoing frame.
The frame is discarded.
This should not happen.
.It "ath%d: ath_chan_set: unable to reset channel %u (%u MHz)"
The Atheros Hardware Access Layer was unable to reset the hardware
when switching channels during scanning.
This should not happen.
.It "ath%d: unable to allocate channel table"
The driver was unable to allocate memory for the table used to hold
the set of available channels.
.It "ath%d: unable to collect channel list from hal"
A problem occurred while querying the HAL to find the set of available
channels for the device.
This should not happen.
.It "ath%d: %s: %dM -> %dM (%d ok, %d err, %d retr)"
The driver's rate control algorithm changed the current rate for transmitting
frames.
This message is temporarily enabled for normal use to help in diagnosing
and improving the rate control algorithm.
The message indicates the new and old transmit rates and the statistics
it used to decide on this change.
.It "ath%d: failed to enable memory mapping"
The driver was unable to enable memory-mapped I/O to the PCI device registers.
This should not happen.
.It "ath%d: failed to enable bus mastering"
The driver was unable to enable the device as a PCI bus master for doing DMA.
This should not happen.
.It "ath%d: cannot map register space"
The driver was unable to map the device registers into the host address space.
This should not happen.
.It "ath%d: could not map interrupt"
The driver was unable to allocate an IRQ for the device interrupt.
This should not happen.
.It "ath%d: could not establish interrupt"
The driver was unable to install the device interrupt handler.
This should not happen.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr arp 4 ,
.Xr cardbus 4 ,
.Xr ifmedia 4 ,
.Xr netintro 4 ,
.Xr pci 4 ,
.Xr ifconfig 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
device driver first appeared in
.Fx 5.2 .
It was ported to
.Nx 2.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The
.Nm
driver was originally written by
.An Sam Leffler ,
and was ported to
.Nx
by
.An David Young .
.Sh CAVEATS
Different regulatory domains have different default channels for adhoc
mode.
See
.Xr ifconfig 8
for information on how to change the channel.
Different regulatory domains may not be able to communicate with each
other with 802.11a as different regulatory domains do not necessarily
have overlapping channels.
.Pp
Revision A1 of the D-LINK DWL-G520 and DWL-G650 are based on an
Intersil PrismGT chip and are not supported by this driver.
.Pp
Revision v2 of the Netgear WG311 is based on a Texas Instruments ACX111
and is not supported by this driver.
.Pp
Revision v3 of the Netgear WG311 is based on a Marvell Libertas
88W8335 and is not supported by this driver.
.Sh BUGS
Performance in lossy environments is suboptimal.
The algorithm used to select the rate for transmitted packets is
very simplistic.
There is no software retransmit; only hardware retransmit is used.
Contributors are encouraged to replace the existing rate control algorithm
with a better one (hint: all the information needed is available to the driver).
.Pp
The driver does not fully enable power-save operation of the chip;
consequently power use is suboptimal.