xref: /netbsd-src/lib/libc/locale/mbrtoc16.c (revision c9acb5787653408f3c58e680b8d6942089b1d794)
1 /*	$NetBSD: mbrtoc16.c,v 1.7 2024/08/18 20:06:05 rillig Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2024 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
17  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
18  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
19  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
20  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
21  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
22  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
23  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
24  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
25  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
26  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 
29 /*
30  * mbrtoc16(&c16, s, n, ps)
31  *
32  *	Decode a Unicode scalar value from up to n bytes out of the
33  *	multibyte string s, using multibyte encoding state ps, and
34  *	store the next code unit in the UTF-16 representation of that
35  *	scalar value at c16.
36  *
37  *	If the next scalar value in s is outside the Basic Multilingual
38  *	Plane, mbrtoc16 will yield the high surrogate code point in one
39  *	call that consumes input, and will yield the low surrogate code
40  *	point in the next call without consuming any input and
41  *	returning (size_t)-3 instead.
42  *
43  *	Return the number of bytes consumed on success, or:
44  *
45  *	- 0 if the code unit is NUL, or
46  *	- (size_t)-3 if the trailing low surrogate of a surrogate pair
47  *	  was returned without consuming any additional input, or
48  *	- (size_t)-2 if the input is incomplete, or
49  *	- (size_t)-1 on error with errno set to EILSEQ.
50  *
51  *	In the case of incomplete input, the decoding state so far
52  *	after processing s[0], s[1], ..., s[n - 1] is saved in ps, so
53  *	subsequent calls to mbrtoc16 will pick up n bytes later into
54  *	the input stream.
55  *
56  * References:
57  *
58  *	The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0 -- Core Specification, The
59  *	Unicode Consortium, Sec. 3.8 `Surrogates', p. 118.
60  *	https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.0.0/UnicodeStandard-15.0.pdf#page=144
61  *	https://web.archive.org/web/20240718101254/https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.0.0/UnicodeStandard-15.0.pdf#page=144
62  *
63  *	The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0 -- Core Specification, The
64  *	Unicode Consortium, Sec. 3.9 `Unicode Encoding Forms': UTF-16,
65  *	p. 124.
66  *	https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.0.0/UnicodeStandard-15.0.pdf#page=150
67  *	https://web.archive.org/web/20240718101254/https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.0.0/UnicodeStandard-15.0.pdf#page=150
68  *
69  *	P. Hoffman and F. Yergeau, `UTF-16, an encoding of ISO 10646',
70  *	RFC 2781, Internet Engineering Task Force, February 2000,
71  *	Sec. 2.1: `Encoding UTF-16'.
72  *	https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2781#section-2.1
73  */
74 
75 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
76 __RCSID("$NetBSD: mbrtoc16.c,v 1.7 2024/08/18 20:06:05 rillig Exp $");
77 
78 #include "namespace.h"
79 
80 #include <assert.h>
81 #include <errno.h>
82 #include <locale.h>
83 #include <stdalign.h>
84 #include <stddef.h>
85 #include <uchar.h>
86 
87 #include "mbrtoc32.h"
88 #include "setlocale_local.h"
89 
90 struct mbrtoc16state {
91 	char16_t	surrogate;
92 	mbstate_t	mbs;
93 };
94 __CTASSERT(offsetof(struct mbrtoc16state, mbs) <= sizeof(mbstate_t));
95 __CTASSERT(sizeof(struct mbrtoc32state) <= sizeof(mbstate_t) -
96     offsetof(struct mbrtoc16state, mbs));
97 __CTASSERT(alignof(struct mbrtoc16state) <= alignof(mbstate_t));
98 
99 #ifdef __weak_alias
100 __weak_alias(mbrtoc16_l,_mbrtoc16_l)
101 #endif
102 
103 size_t
104 mbrtoc16(char16_t *restrict pc16, const char *restrict s, size_t n,
105     mbstate_t *restrict ps)
106 {
107 
108 	return mbrtoc16_l(pc16, s, n, ps, _current_locale());
109 }
110 
111 size_t
112 mbrtoc16_l(char16_t *restrict pc16, const char *restrict s, size_t n,
113     mbstate_t *restrict ps, locale_t restrict loc)
114 {
115 	static mbstate_t psbuf;
116 	struct mbrtoc16state *S;
117 	char32_t c32;
118 	size_t len;
119 
120 	/*
121 	 * `If ps is a null pointer, each function uses its own
122 	 *  internal mbstate_t object instead, which is initialized at
123 	 *  program startup to the initial conversion state; the
124 	 *  functions are not required to avoid data races with other
125 	 *  calls to the same function in this case.  The
126 	 *  implementation behaves as if no library function calls
127 	 *  these functions with a null pointer for ps.'
128 	 */
129 	if (ps == NULL)
130 		ps = &psbuf;
131 
132 	/*
133 	 * `If s is a null pointer, the mbrtoc16 function is equivalent
134 	 *  to the call:
135 	 *
136 	 *	mbrtoc16(NULL, "", 1, ps)
137 	 *
138 	 *  In this case, the values of the parameters pc16 and n are
139 	 *  ignored.'
140 	 */
141 	if (s == NULL) {
142 		pc16 = NULL;
143 		s = "";
144 		n = 1;
145 	}
146 
147 	/*
148 	 * Get the private conversion state.
149 	 */
150 	S = (struct mbrtoc16state *)(void *)ps;
151 
152 	/*
153 	 * If there is a pending surrogate, yield it and consume no
154 	 * bytes of the input, returning (size_t)-3 to indicate that no
155 	 * bytes of input were consumed.
156 	 */
157 	if (S->surrogate != 0) {
158 		_DIAGASSERT(S->surrogate >= 0xdc00);
159 		_DIAGASSERT(S->surrogate <= 0xdfff);
160 		if (pc16)
161 			*pc16 = S->surrogate;
162 		S->surrogate = 0;
163 		return (size_t)-3;
164 	}
165 
166 	/*
167 	 * Consume the next scalar value.  If no full scalar value can
168 	 * be obtained, stop here.
169 	 */
170 	len = mbrtoc32_l(&c32, s, n, &S->mbs, loc);
171 	switch (len) {
172 	case 0:			/* NUL */
173 		if (pc16)
174 			*pc16 = 0;
175 		return 0;
176 	case (size_t)-2:	/* still incomplete after n bytes */
177 	case (size_t)-1:	/* error */
178 		return len;
179 	default:		/* consumed len bytes of input */
180 		break;
181 	}
182 
183 	/*
184 	 * We consumed a scalar value from the input.
185 	 *
186 	 * If it's inside the Basic Multilingual Plane (16-bit scalar
187 	 * values), return it.
188 	 *
189 	 * If it's outside the Basic Multilingual Plane, split it into
190 	 * high and low surrogate code points, return the high, and
191 	 * save the low.
192 	 */
193 	if (c32 <= 0xffff) {
194 		if (pc16)
195 			*pc16 = c32;
196 		_DIAGASSERT(S->surrogate == 0);
197 	} else {
198 		c32 -= 0x10000;
199 		const char16_t w1 = 0xd800 | __SHIFTOUT(c32, __BITS(19,10));
200 		const char16_t w2 = 0xdc00 | __SHIFTOUT(c32, __BITS(9,0));
201 		if (pc16)
202 			*pc16 = w1;
203 		S->surrogate = w2;
204 		_DIAGASSERT(S->surrogate != 0);
205 		_DIAGASSERT(S->surrogate >= 0xdc00);
206 		_DIAGASSERT(S->surrogate <= 0xdfff);
207 	}
208 
209 	/*
210 	 * Return the number of bytes consumed from the input.
211 	 */
212 	return len;
213 }
214