1<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 3<html> <head> 4<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 5<title> Postfix manual - postfix(1) </title> 6</head> <body> <pre> 7POSTFIX(1) POSTFIX(1) 8 9<b>NAME</b> 10 postfix - Postfix control program 11 12<b>SYNOPSIS</b> 13 <b>postfix</b> [<b>-Dv</b>] [<b>-c</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>dir</i>] <i>command</i> 14 15<b>DESCRIPTION</b> 16 This command is reserved for the superuser. To submit mail, use the 17 Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> command. 18 19 The <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>postfix</b>(1)</a> command controls the operation of the Postfix mail sys- 20 tem: start or stop the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> daemon, do a health check, and other 21 maintenance. 22 23 By default, the <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>postfix</b>(1)</a> command sets up a standardized environment 24 and runs the <b>postfix-script</b> shell script to do the actual work. 25 26 However, when support for multiple Postfix instances is configured, 27 <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>postfix</b>(1)</a> executes the command specified with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_wrapper">multi_instance_wrap</a>-</b> 28 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_wrapper">per</a></b> configuration parameter. This command will execute the <i>command</i> for 29 each applicable Postfix instance. 30 31 The following commands are implemented: 32 33 <b>check</b> Warn about bad directory/file ownership or permissions, and cre- 34 ate missing directories. 35 36 <b>start</b> Start the Postfix mail system. This also runs the configuration 37 check described above. 38 39 <b>start-fg</b> 40 Like <b>start</b>, but keep the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> daemon running in the fore- 41 ground, and enable <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> "init" mode when running as PID 1. 42 This command requires that multi-instance support is disabled 43 (i.e. the <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_directories">multi_instance_directories</a> parameter value must be 44 empty). 45 46 When running Postfix inside a container, see <a href="MAILLOG_README.html">MAILLOG_README</a> for 47 logging to stdout. Postfix logs to syslog by default, which 48 requires a) running a syslogd process inside the container, or 49 b) mounting the container host's /dev/log socket inside the con- 50 tainer (example: "docker run -v /dev/log:/dev/log ..."), and c) 51 a distinct Postfix "<a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a>" prefix that identifies logging 52 from the Postfix instance. 53 54 <b>stop</b> Stop the Postfix mail system in an orderly fashion. If possible, 55 running processes are allowed to terminate at their earliest 56 convenience. 57 58 Note: in order to refresh the Postfix mail system after a con- 59 figuration change, do not use the <b>start</b> and <b>stop</b> commands in 60 succession. Use the <b>reload</b> command instead. 61 62 <b>abort</b> Stop the Postfix mail system abruptly. Running processes are 63 signaled to stop immediately. 64 65 <b>flush</b> Force delivery: attempt to deliver every message in the deferred 66 mail queue. Normally, attempts to deliver delayed mail happen at 67 regular intervals, the interval doubling after each failed 68 attempt. 69 70 Warning: flushing undeliverable mail frequently will result in 71 poor delivery performance of all other mail. 72 73 <b>reload</b> Re-read configuration files. Running processes terminate at 74 their earliest convenience. 75 76 <b>status</b> Indicate if the Postfix mail system is currently running. 77 78 <b>set-permissions</b> [<i>name</i>=<i>value ...</i>] 79 Set the ownership and permissions of Postfix related files and 80 directories, as specified in the <b>postfix-files</b> file. 81 82 Specify <i>name</i>=<i>value</i> to override and update specific <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> con- 83 figuration parameters. Use this, for example, to change the 84 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a></b> or <b><a href="postconf.5.html#setgid_group">setgid_group</a></b> setting for an already installed 85 Postfix system. 86 87 This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. With Post- 88 fix 2.0 and earlier, use "<b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/post-install</b> 89 <b>set-permissions</b>". 90 91 <b>logrotate</b> 92 Rotate the logfile specified with $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a>, by appending a 93 time-stamp suffix that is formatted according to $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_rotate_suffix">mail</a>- 94 <a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_rotate_suffix">log_file_rotate_suffix</a>, and by compressing the file with the 95 command specified with $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_compressor">maillog_file_compressor</a>. This will not 96 rotate /dev/* files. 97 98 This feature is available in Postfix 3.4 and later. 99 100 <b>tls</b> <i>subcommand</i> 101 Enable opportunistic TLS in the Postfix SMTP client or server, 102 and manage Postfix SMTP server TLS private keys and certifi- 103 cates. See <a href="postfix-tls.1.html">postfix-tls(1)</a> for documentation. 104 105 This feature is available in Postfix 3.1 and later. 106 107 <b>upgrade-configuration</b> [<i>name</i>=<i>value ...</i>] 108 Update the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> and <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> files with information that 109 Postfix needs in order to run: add or update services, and add 110 or update configuration parameter settings. 111 112 Specify <i>name</i>=<i>value</i> to override and update specific <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> con- 113 figuration parameters. 114 115 This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. With Post- 116 fix 2.0 and earlier, use "<b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/post-install</b> 117 <b>upgrade-configuration</b>". 118 119 The following options are implemented: 120 121 <b>-c</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>dir</i> 122 Read the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> and <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> configuration files in the named 123 directory instead of the default configuration directory. Use 124 this to distinguish between multiple Postfix instances on the 125 same host. 126 127 With Postfix 2.6 and later, this option forces the <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> 128 command to operate on the specified Postfix instance only. This 129 behavior is inherited by <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> commands that run as a 130 descendant of the current process. 131 132 <b>-D</b> (with <b>postfix start</b> only) 133 Run each Postfix daemon under control of a debugger as specified 134 via the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a></b> configuration parameter. 135 136 <b>-v</b> Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple <b>-v</b> 137 options make the software increasingly verbose. 138 139<b>ENVIRONMENT</b> 140 The <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>postfix</b>(1)</a> command exports the following environment variables 141 before executing the <b>postfix-script</b> file: 142 143 <b>MAIL_CONFIG</b> 144 This is set when the -c command-line option is present. 145 146 With Postfix 2.6 and later, this environment variable forces the 147 <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> command to operate on the specified Postfix instance 148 only. This behavior is inherited by <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> commands that 149 run as a descendant of the current process. 150 151 <b>MAIL_VERBOSE</b> 152 This is set when the -v command-line option is present. 153 154 <b>MAIL_DEBUG</b> 155 This is set when the -D command-line option is present. 156 157 When the internal logging service is enabled (by setting a non-empty 158 <a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> parameter value) the <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> command exports settings 159 that are used by child processes before they have processed <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> or 160 command-line settings. 161 162 <b>POSTLOG_SERVICE</b> 163 The name of the public postlog service endpoint. 164 165 <b>POSTLOG_HOSTNAME</b> 166 The hostname to prepend to internal logging. 167 168<b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b> 169 The following <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> configuration parameters are exported as environ- 170 ment variables with the same names: 171 172 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 173 The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> con- 174 figuration files. 175 176 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#command_directory">command_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 177 The location of all postfix administrative commands. 178 179 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 180 The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs. 181 182 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#html_directory">html_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 183 The location of Postfix HTML files that describe how to build, 184 configure or operate a specific Postfix subsystem or feature. 185 186 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a> (postfix)</b> 187 The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most 188 Postfix daemon processes. 189 190 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailq_path">mailq_path</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 191 Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies where the Postfix 192 <a href="mailq.1.html"><b>mailq</b>(1)</a> command is installed. 193 194 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#manpage_directory">manpage_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 195 Where the Postfix manual pages are installed. 196 197 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#newaliases_path">newaliases_path</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 198 Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies the location of 199 the <a href="newaliases.1.html"><b>newaliases</b>(1)</a> command. 200 201 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 202 The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory. 203 204 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#readme_directory">readme_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 205 The location of Postfix README files that describe how to build, 206 configure or operate a specific Postfix subsystem or feature. 207 208 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#sendmail_path">sendmail_path</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 209 A Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies the location of 210 the Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> command. 211 212 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#setgid_group">setgid_group</a> (postdrop)</b> 213 The group ownership of set-gid Postfix commands and of 214 group-writable Postfix directories. 215 216 Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later: 217 218 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#data_directory">data_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 219 The directory with Postfix-writable data files (for example: 220 caches, pseudo-random numbers). 221 222 Available in Postfix version 3.0 and later: 223 224 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#compatibility_level">compatibility_level</a> (0)</b> 225 A safety net that causes Postfix to run with backwards-compati- 226 ble default settings after an upgrade to a newer Postfix ver- 227 sion. 228 229 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#meta_directory">meta_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 230 The location of non-executable files that are shared among mul- 231 tiple Postfix instances, such as postfix-files, dynamicmaps.cf, 232 and the multi-instance template files <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>.proto and <a href="master.5.html">mas- 233 ter.cf</a>.proto. 234 235 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#shlib_directory">shlib_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 236 The location of Postfix dynamically-linked libraries (libpost- 237 fix-*.so), and the default location of Postfix database plugins 238 (postfix-*.so) that have a relative pathname in the dynam- 239 icmaps.cf file. 240 241 Available in Postfix version 3.1 and later: 242 243 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#openssl_path">openssl_path</a> (openssl)</b> 244 The location of the OpenSSL command line program <b>openssl</b>(1). 245 246 Other configuration parameters: 247 248 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#import_environment">import_environment</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 249 The list of environment variables that a privileged Postfix 250 process will import from a non-Postfix parent process, or 251 name=value environment overrides. 252 253 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b> 254 The syslog facility of Postfix logging. 255 256 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 257 A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog 258 records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd". 259 260 Available in Postfix version 2.6 and later: 261 262 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_directories">multi_instance_directories</a> (empty)</b> 263 An optional list of non-default Postfix configuration directo- 264 ries; these directories belong to additional Postfix instances 265 that share the Postfix executable files and documentation with 266 the default Postfix instance, and that are started, stopped, 267 etc., together with the default Postfix instance. 268 269 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_wrapper">multi_instance_wrapper</a> (empty)</b> 270 The pathname of a multi-instance manager command that the <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>post-</b></a> 271 <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>fix</b>(1)</a> command invokes when the <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_directories">multi_instance_directories</a> 272 parameter value is non-empty. 273 274 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_group">multi_instance_group</a> (empty)</b> 275 The optional instance group name of this Postfix instance. 276 277 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_name">multi_instance_name</a> (empty)</b> 278 The optional instance name of this Postfix instance. 279 280 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_enable">multi_instance_enable</a> (no)</b> 281 Allow this Postfix instance to be started, stopped, etc., by a 282 multi-instance manager. 283 284 Available in Postfix version 3.4 and later: 285 286 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> (empty)</b> 287 The name of an optional logfile that is written by the Postfix 288 <a href="postlogd.8.html"><b>postlogd</b>(8)</a> service. 289 290 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_compressor">maillog_file_compressor</a> (gzip)</b> 291 The program to run after rotating $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> with "postfix 292 logrotate". 293 294 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_prefixes">maillog_file_prefixes</a> (/var, /dev/stdout)</b> 295 A list of allowed prefixes for a <a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> value. 296 297 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_rotate_suffix">maillog_file_rotate_suffix</a> (%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)</b> 298 The format of the suffix to append to $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> while rotat- 299 ing the file with "postfix logrotate". 300 301 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#postlog_service_name">postlog_service_name</a> (postlog)</b> 302 The name of the <a href="postlogd.8.html"><b>postlogd</b>(8)</a> service entry in <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>. 303 304<b>FILES</b> 305 Prior to Postfix version 2.6, all of the following files were in <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">con</a>-</b> 306 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">fig_directory</a></b>. Some files are now in <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a></b> or <b>$meta_direc-</b> 307 <b>tory</b> so that they can be shared among multiple instances that run the 308 same Postfix version. 309 310 Use the command "<b>postconf <a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a></b>" or "<b>postconf <a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_direc</a>-</b> 311 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">tory</a></b>" to expand the names into their actual values. 312 313 $<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, Postfix configuration parameters 314 $<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>, Postfix daemon processes 315 $<a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a>/postfix-script, administrative commands 316 $<a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a>/post-install, post-installation configuration 317 $<a href="postconf.5.html#meta_directory">meta_directory</a>/dynamicmaps.cf, plug-in database clients 318 $<a href="postconf.5.html#meta_directory">meta_directory</a>/postfix-files, file/directory permissions 319 320<b>SEE ALSO</b> 321 Commands: 322 <a href="postalias.1.html">postalias(1)</a>, create/update/query alias database 323 <a href="postcat.1.html">postcat(1)</a>, examine Postfix queue file 324 <a href="postconf.1.html">postconf(1)</a>, Postfix configuration utility 325 <a href="postdrop.1.html">postdrop(1)</a>, Postfix mail posting utility 326 <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a>, Postfix control program 327 <a href="postfix-tls.1.html">postfix-tls(1)</a>, Postfix TLS management 328 <a href="postkick.1.html">postkick(1)</a>, trigger Postfix daemon 329 <a href="postlock.1.html">postlock(1)</a>, Postfix-compatible locking 330 <a href="postlog.1.html">postlog(1)</a>, Postfix-compatible logging 331 <a href="postmap.1.html">postmap(1)</a>, Postfix lookup table manager 332 <a href="postmulti.1.html">postmulti(1)</a>, Postfix multi-instance manager 333 <a href="postqueue.1.html">postqueue(1)</a>, Postfix mail queue control 334 <a href="postsuper.1.html">postsuper(1)</a>, Postfix housekeeping 335 <a href="mailq.1.html">mailq(1)</a>, Sendmail compatibility interface 336 <a href="newaliases.1.html">newaliases(1)</a>, Sendmail compatibility interface 337 <a href="sendmail.1.html">sendmail(1)</a>, Sendmail compatibility interface 338 339 Postfix configuration: 340 <a href="bounce.5.html">bounce(5)</a>, Postfix bounce message templates 341 <a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>, Postfix <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> file syntax 342 <a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file syntax 343 <a href="postfix-wrapper.5.html">postfix-wrapper(5)</a>, Postfix multi-instance API 344 345 Table-driven mechanisms: 346 <a href="access.5.html">access(5)</a>, Postfix SMTP access control table 347 <a href="aliases.5.html">aliases(5)</a>, Postfix alias database 348 <a href="canonical.5.html">canonical(5)</a>, Postfix input address rewriting 349 <a href="generic.5.html">generic(5)</a>, Postfix output address rewriting 350 <a href="header_checks.5.html">header_checks(5)</a>, <a href="header_checks.5.html">body_checks(5)</a>, Postfix content inspection 351 <a href="relocated.5.html">relocated(5)</a>, Users that have moved 352 <a href="transport.5.html">transport(5)</a>, Postfix routing table 353 <a href="virtual.5.html">virtual(5)</a>, Postfix virtual aliasing 354 355 Table lookup mechanisms: 356 <a href="cidr_table.5.html">cidr_table(5)</a>, Associate CIDR pattern with value 357 <a href="ldap_table.5.html">ldap_table(5)</a>, Postfix LDAP client 358 <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb_table(5)</a>, Postfix LMDB database driver 359 <a href="memcache_table.5.html">memcache_table(5)</a>, Postfix memcache client 360 <a href="mysql_table.5.html">mysql_table(5)</a>, Postfix MYSQL client 361 <a href="nisplus_table.5.html">nisplus_table(5)</a>, Postfix NIS+ client 362 <a href="pcre_table.5.html">pcre_table(5)</a>, Associate PCRE pattern with value 363 <a href="pgsql_table.5.html">pgsql_table(5)</a>, Postfix PostgreSQL client 364 <a href="regexp_table.5.html">regexp_table(5)</a>, Associate POSIX regexp pattern with value 365 <a href="socketmap_table.5.html">socketmap_table(5)</a>, Postfix socketmap client 366 <a href="sqlite_table.5.html">sqlite_table(5)</a>, Postfix SQLite database driver 367 <a href="tcp_table.5.html">tcp_table(5)</a>, Postfix client-server table lookup 368 369 Daemon processes: 370 <a href="anvil.8.html">anvil(8)</a>, Postfix connection/rate limiting 371 <a href="bounce.8.html">bounce(8)</a>, <a href="defer.8.html">defer(8)</a>, <a href="trace.8.html">trace(8)</a>, Delivery status reports 372 <a href="cleanup.8.html">cleanup(8)</a>, canonicalize and enqueue message 373 <a href="discard.8.html">discard(8)</a>, Postfix discard delivery agent 374 <a href="dnsblog.8.html">dnsblog(8)</a>, DNS allow/denylist logger 375 <a href="error.8.html">error(8)</a>, Postfix error delivery agent 376 <a href="flush.8.html">flush(8)</a>, Postfix fast ETRN service 377 <a href="local.8.html">local(8)</a>, Postfix local delivery agent 378 <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a>, Postfix master daemon 379 <a href="qmgr.8.html">oqmgr(8)</a>, old Postfix queue manager 380 <a href="pickup.8.html">pickup(8)</a>, Postfix local mail pickup 381 <a href="pipe.8.html">pipe(8)</a>, deliver mail to non-Postfix command 382 <a href="postlogd.8.html">postlogd(8)</a>, Postfix internal logging service 383 <a href="postscreen.8.html">postscreen(8)</a>, Postfix zombie blocker 384 <a href="proxymap.8.html">proxymap(8)</a>, Postfix lookup table proxy server 385 <a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a>, Postfix queue manager 386 <a href="qmqpd.8.html">qmqpd(8)</a>, Postfix QMQP server 387 <a href="scache.8.html">scache(8)</a>, Postfix connection cache manager 388 <a href="showq.8.html">showq(8)</a>, list Postfix mail queue 389 <a href="smtp.8.html">smtp(8)</a>, <a href="lmtp.8.html">lmtp(8)</a>, Postfix SMTP+LMTP client 390 <a href="smtpd.8.html">smtpd(8)</a>, Postfix SMTP server 391 <a href="spawn.8.html">spawn(8)</a>, run non-Postfix server 392 <a href="tlsmgr.8.html">tlsmgr(8)</a>, Postfix TLS cache and randomness manager 393 <a href="tlsproxy.8.html">tlsproxy(8)</a>, Postfix TLS proxy server 394 <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html">trivial-rewrite(8)</a>, Postfix address rewriting 395 <a href="verify.8.html">verify(8)</a>, Postfix address verification 396 <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a>, Postfix virtual delivery agent 397 398 Other: 399 syslogd(8), system logging 400 401<b>README FILES</b> 402 <a href="OVERVIEW.html">OVERVIEW</a>, overview of Postfix commands and processes 403 <a href="BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README.html">BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README</a>, Postfix basic configuration 404 <a href="ADDRESS_REWRITING_README.html">ADDRESS_REWRITING_README</a>, Postfix address rewriting 405 <a href="SMTPD_ACCESS_README.html">SMTPD_ACCESS_README</a>, SMTP relay/access control 406 <a href="CONTENT_INSPECTION_README.html">CONTENT_INSPECTION_README</a>, Postfix content inspection 407 <a href="QSHAPE_README.html">QSHAPE_README</a>, Postfix queue analysis 408 409<b>LICENSE</b> 410 The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software. 411 412<b>AUTHOR(S)</b> 413 Wietse Venema 414 IBM T.J. Watson Research 415 P.O. Box 704 416 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA 417 418 Wietse Venema 419 Google, Inc. 420 111 8th Avenue 421 New York, NY 10011, USA 422 423 TLS support by: 424 Lutz Jaenicke 425 Brandenburg University of Technology 426 Cottbus, Germany 427 428 Victor Duchovni 429 Morgan Stanley 430 431 SASL support originally by: 432 Till Franke 433 SuSE Rhein/Main AG 434 65760 Eschborn, Germany 435 436 LMTP support originally by: 437 Philip A. Prindeville 438 Mirapoint, Inc. 439 USA. 440 441 Amos Gouaux 442 University of Texas at Dallas 443 P.O. Box 830688, MC34 444 Richardson, TX 75083, USA 445 446 IPv6 support originally by: 447 Mark Huizer, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands 448 Jun-ichiro 'itojun' Hagino, KAME project, Japan 449 The Linux PLD project 450 Dean Strik, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands 451 452 POSTFIX(1) 453</pre> </body> </html> 454