1<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 3<html> <head> 4<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 5<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='postfix-doc.css'> 6<title> Postfix manual - postfix(1) </title> 7</head> <body> <pre> 8POSTFIX(1) POSTFIX(1) 9 10<b>NAME</b> 11 postfix - Postfix control program 12 13<b>SYNOPSIS</b> 14 <b>postfix</b> [<b>-Dv</b>] [<b>-c</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>dir</i>] <i>command</i> 15 16<b>DESCRIPTION</b> 17 This command is reserved for the superuser. To submit mail, use the 18 Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> command. 19 20 The <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>postfix</b>(1)</a> command controls the operation of the Postfix mail sys- 21 tem: start or stop the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> daemon, do a health check, and other 22 maintenance. 23 24 By default, the <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>postfix</b>(1)</a> command sets up a standardized environment 25 and runs the <b>postfix-script</b> shell script to do the actual work. 26 27 However, when support for multiple Postfix instances is configured, 28 <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>postfix</b>(1)</a> executes the command specified with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_wrapper">multi_instance_wrap</a>-</b> 29 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_wrapper">per</a></b> configuration parameter. This command will execute the <i>command</i> for 30 each applicable Postfix instance. 31 32 The following commands are implemented: 33 34 <b>check</b> Warn about bad directory/file ownership or permissions, and cre- 35 ate missing directories. 36 37 <b>start</b> Start the Postfix mail system. This also runs the configuration 38 check described above. 39 40 <b>start-fg</b> 41 Like <b>start</b>, but keep the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> daemon running in the fore- 42 ground, and enable <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> "init" mode when running as PID 1. 43 This command requires that multi-instance support is disabled 44 (i.e. the <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_directories">multi_instance_directories</a> parameter value must be 45 empty). 46 47 When running Postfix inside a container, see <a href="MAILLOG_README.html">MAILLOG_README</a> for 48 logging to stdout. Postfix logs to syslog by default, which 49 requires a) running a syslogd process inside the container, or 50 b) mounting the container host's /dev/log socket inside the con- 51 tainer (example: "docker run -v /dev/log:/dev/log ..."), and c) 52 a distinct Postfix "<a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a>" prefix that identifies logging 53 from the Postfix instance. 54 55 <b>stop</b> Stop the Postfix mail system in an orderly fashion. If possible, 56 running processes are allowed to terminate at their earliest 57 convenience. 58 59 Note: in order to refresh the Postfix mail system after a con- 60 figuration change, do not use the <b>start</b> and <b>stop</b> commands in 61 succession. Use the <b>reload</b> command instead. 62 63 <b>abort</b> Stop the Postfix mail system abruptly. Running processes are 64 signaled to stop immediately. 65 66 <b>flush</b> Force delivery: attempt to deliver every message in the deferred 67 mail queue. Normally, attempts to deliver delayed mail happen at 68 regular intervals, the interval doubling after each failed 69 attempt. 70 71 Warning: flushing undeliverable mail frequently will result in 72 poor delivery performance of all other mail. 73 74 <b>reload</b> Re-read configuration files. Running processes terminate at 75 their earliest convenience. 76 77 <b>status</b> Indicate if the Postfix mail system is currently running (zero 78 exit status) or stopped (non-zero exit status). 79 80 <b>set-permissions</b> [<i>name</i>=<i>value ...</i>] 81 Set the ownership and permissions of Postfix related files and 82 directories, as specified in the <b>postfix-files</b> file. 83 84 Specify <i>name</i>=<i>value</i> to override and update specific <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> con- 85 figuration parameters. Use this, for example, to change the 86 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a></b> or <b><a href="postconf.5.html#setgid_group">setgid_group</a></b> setting for an already installed 87 Postfix system. 88 89 This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. With Post- 90 fix 2.0 and earlier, use "<b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/post-install</b> 91 <b>set-permissions</b>". 92 93 <b>logrotate</b> 94 Rotate the logfile specified with $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a>, by appending a 95 time-stamp suffix that is formatted according to $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_rotate_suffix">mail</a>- 96 <a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_rotate_suffix">log_file_rotate_suffix</a>, and by compressing the file with the 97 command specified with $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_compressor">maillog_file_compressor</a>. This will not 98 rotate /dev/* files. 99 100 This feature is available in Postfix 3.4 and later. 101 102 <b>tls</b> <i>subcommand</i> 103 Enable opportunistic TLS in the Postfix SMTP client or server, 104 and manage Postfix SMTP server TLS private keys and certifi- 105 cates. See <a href="postfix-tls.1.html">postfix-tls(1)</a> for documentation. 106 107 This feature is available in Postfix 3.1 and later. 108 109 <b>upgrade-configuration</b> [<i>name</i>=<i>value ...</i>] 110 Update the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> and <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> files with information that 111 Postfix needs in order to run: add or update services, and add 112 or update configuration parameter settings. 113 114 Specify <i>name</i>=<i>value</i> to override and update specific <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> con- 115 figuration parameters. 116 117 This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. With Post- 118 fix 2.0 and earlier, use "<b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/post-install</b> 119 <b>upgrade-configuration</b>". 120 121 The following options are implemented: 122 123 <b>-c</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>dir</i> 124 Read the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> and <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> configuration files in the named 125 directory instead of the default configuration directory. Use 126 this to distinguish between multiple Postfix instances on the 127 same host. 128 129 With Postfix 2.6 and later, this option forces the <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> 130 command to operate on the specified Postfix instance only. This 131 behavior is inherited by <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> commands that run as a 132 descendant of the current process. 133 134 <b>-D</b> (with <b>postfix start</b> only) 135 Run each Postfix daemon under control of a debugger as specified 136 via the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a></b> configuration parameter. 137 138 <b>-v</b> Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple <b>-v</b> 139 options make the software increasingly verbose. 140 141<b>ENVIRONMENT</b> 142 The <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>postfix</b>(1)</a> command exports the following environment variables 143 before executing the <b>postfix-script</b> file: 144 145 <b>MAIL_CONFIG</b> 146 This is set when the -c command-line option is present. 147 148 With Postfix 2.6 and later, this environment variable forces the 149 <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> command to operate on the specified Postfix instance 150 only. This behavior is inherited by <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> commands that 151 run as a descendant of the current process. 152 153 <b>MAIL_VERBOSE</b> 154 This is set when the -v command-line option is present. 155 156 <b>MAIL_DEBUG</b> 157 This is set when the -D command-line option is present. 158 159 When the internal logging service is enabled (by setting a non-empty 160 <a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> parameter value) the <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> command exports settings 161 that are used by child processes before they have processed <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> or 162 command-line settings. 163 164 <b>POSTLOG_SERVICE</b> 165 The name of the public postlog service endpoint. 166 167 <b>POSTLOG_HOSTNAME</b> 168 The hostname to prepend to internal logging. 169 170<b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b> 171 The following <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> configuration parameters are exported as environ- 172 ment variables with the same names: 173 174 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 175 The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> con- 176 figuration files. 177 178 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#command_directory">command_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 179 The location of all postfix administrative commands. 180 181 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 182 The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs. 183 184 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#html_directory">html_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 185 The location of Postfix HTML files that describe how to build, 186 configure or operate a specific Postfix subsystem or feature. 187 188 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a> (postfix)</b> 189 The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most 190 Postfix daemon processes. 191 192 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailq_path">mailq_path</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 193 Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies where the Postfix 194 <a href="mailq.1.html"><b>mailq</b>(1)</a> command is installed. 195 196 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#manpage_directory">manpage_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 197 Where the Postfix manual pages are installed. 198 199 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#newaliases_path">newaliases_path</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 200 Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies the location of 201 the <a href="newaliases.1.html"><b>newaliases</b>(1)</a> command. 202 203 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 204 The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory. 205 206 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#readme_directory">readme_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 207 The location of Postfix README files that describe how to build, 208 configure or operate a specific Postfix subsystem or feature. 209 210 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#sendmail_path">sendmail_path</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 211 A Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies the location of 212 the Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> command. 213 214 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#setgid_group">setgid_group</a> (postdrop)</b> 215 The group ownership of set-gid Postfix commands and of 216 group-writable Postfix directories. 217 218 Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later: 219 220 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#data_directory">data_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 221 The directory with Postfix-writable data files (for example: 222 caches, pseudo-random numbers). 223 224 Available in Postfix version 3.0 and later: 225 226 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#compatibility_level">compatibility_level</a> (0)</b> 227 A safety net that causes Postfix to run with backwards-compati- 228 ble default settings after an upgrade to a newer Postfix ver- 229 sion. 230 231 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#meta_directory">meta_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 232 The location of non-executable files that are shared among mul- 233 tiple Postfix instances, such as postfix-files, dynamicmaps.cf, 234 and the multi-instance template files <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>.proto and <a href="master.5.html">mas- 235 ter.cf</a>.proto. 236 237 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#shlib_directory">shlib_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 238 The location of Postfix dynamically-linked libraries (libpost- 239 fix-*.so), and the default location of Postfix database plugins 240 (postfix-*.so) that have a relative pathname in the dynam- 241 icmaps.cf file. 242 243 Available in Postfix version 3.1 and later: 244 245 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#openssl_path">openssl_path</a> (openssl)</b> 246 The location of the OpenSSL command line program <b>openssl</b>(1). 247 248 Other configuration parameters: 249 250 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#import_environment">import_environment</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 251 The list of environment variables that a privileged Postfix 252 process will import from a non-Postfix parent process, or 253 name=value environment overrides. 254 255 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b> 256 The syslog facility of Postfix logging. 257 258 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 259 A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog 260 records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd". 261 262 Available in Postfix version 2.6 and later: 263 264 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_directories">multi_instance_directories</a> (empty)</b> 265 An optional list of non-default Postfix configuration directo- 266 ries; these directories belong to additional Postfix instances 267 that share the Postfix executable files and documentation with 268 the default Postfix instance, and that are started, stopped, 269 etc., together with the default Postfix instance. 270 271 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_wrapper">multi_instance_wrapper</a> (empty)</b> 272 The pathname of a multi-instance manager command that the <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>post-</b></a> 273 <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>fix</b>(1)</a> command invokes when the <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_directories">multi_instance_directories</a> 274 parameter value is non-empty. 275 276 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_group">multi_instance_group</a> (empty)</b> 277 The optional instance group name of this Postfix instance. 278 279 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_name">multi_instance_name</a> (empty)</b> 280 The optional instance name of this Postfix instance. 281 282 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_enable">multi_instance_enable</a> (no)</b> 283 Allow this Postfix instance to be started, stopped, etc., by a 284 multi-instance manager. 285 286 Available in Postfix version 3.4 and later: 287 288 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> (empty)</b> 289 The name of an optional logfile that is written by the Postfix 290 <a href="postlogd.8.html"><b>postlogd</b>(8)</a> service. 291 292 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_compressor">maillog_file_compressor</a> (gzip)</b> 293 The program to run after rotating $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> with "postfix 294 logrotate". 295 296 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_prefixes">maillog_file_prefixes</a> (/var, /dev/stdout)</b> 297 A list of allowed prefixes for a <a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> value. 298 299 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_rotate_suffix">maillog_file_rotate_suffix</a> (%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)</b> 300 The format of the suffix to append to $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> while rotat- 301 ing the file with "postfix logrotate". 302 303 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#postlog_service_name">postlog_service_name</a> (postlog)</b> 304 The name of the <a href="postlogd.8.html"><b>postlogd</b>(8)</a> service entry in <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>. 305 306<b>FILES</b> 307 Prior to Postfix version 2.6, all of the following files were in <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">con</a>-</b> 308 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">fig_directory</a></b>. Some files are now in <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a></b> or <b>$meta_direc-</b> 309 <b>tory</b> so that they can be shared among multiple instances that run the 310 same Postfix version. 311 312 Use the command "<b>postconf <a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a></b>" or "<b>postconf <a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_direc</a>-</b> 313 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">tory</a></b>" to expand the names into their actual values. 314 315 $<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, Postfix configuration parameters 316 $<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>, Postfix daemon processes 317 $<a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a>/postfix-script, administrative commands 318 $<a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a>/post-install, post-installation configuration 319 $<a href="postconf.5.html#meta_directory">meta_directory</a>/dynamicmaps.cf, plug-in database clients 320 $<a href="postconf.5.html#meta_directory">meta_directory</a>/postfix-files, file/directory permissions 321 322<b>SEE ALSO</b> 323 Commands: 324 <a href="postalias.1.html">postalias(1)</a>, create/update/query alias database 325 <a href="postcat.1.html">postcat(1)</a>, examine Postfix queue file 326 <a href="postconf.1.html">postconf(1)</a>, Postfix configuration utility 327 <a href="postdrop.1.html">postdrop(1)</a>, Postfix mail posting utility 328 <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a>, Postfix control program 329 <a href="postfix-tls.1.html">postfix-tls(1)</a>, Postfix TLS management 330 <a href="postkick.1.html">postkick(1)</a>, trigger Postfix daemon 331 <a href="postlock.1.html">postlock(1)</a>, Postfix-compatible locking 332 <a href="postlog.1.html">postlog(1)</a>, Postfix-compatible logging 333 <a href="postmap.1.html">postmap(1)</a>, Postfix lookup table manager 334 <a href="postmulti.1.html">postmulti(1)</a>, Postfix multi-instance manager 335 <a href="postqueue.1.html">postqueue(1)</a>, Postfix mail queue control 336 <a href="postsuper.1.html">postsuper(1)</a>, Postfix housekeeping 337 <a href="mailq.1.html">mailq(1)</a>, Sendmail compatibility interface 338 <a href="newaliases.1.html">newaliases(1)</a>, Sendmail compatibility interface 339 <a href="sendmail.1.html">sendmail(1)</a>, Sendmail compatibility interface 340 341 Postfix configuration: 342 <a href="bounce.5.html">bounce(5)</a>, Postfix bounce message templates 343 <a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>, Postfix <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> file syntax 344 <a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file syntax 345 <a href="postfix-wrapper.5.html">postfix-wrapper(5)</a>, Postfix multi-instance API 346 347 Table-driven mechanisms: 348 <a href="access.5.html">access(5)</a>, Postfix SMTP access control table 349 <a href="aliases.5.html">aliases(5)</a>, Postfix alias database 350 <a href="canonical.5.html">canonical(5)</a>, Postfix input address rewriting 351 <a href="generic.5.html">generic(5)</a>, Postfix output address rewriting 352 <a href="header_checks.5.html">header_checks(5)</a>, <a href="header_checks.5.html">body_checks(5)</a>, Postfix content inspection 353 <a href="relocated.5.html">relocated(5)</a>, Users that have moved 354 <a href="transport.5.html">transport(5)</a>, Postfix routing table 355 <a href="virtual.5.html">virtual(5)</a>, Postfix virtual aliasing 356 357 Table lookup mechanisms: 358 <a href="cidr_table.5.html">cidr_table(5)</a>, Associate CIDR pattern with value 359 <a href="ldap_table.5.html">ldap_table(5)</a>, Postfix LDAP client 360 <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb_table(5)</a>, Postfix LMDB database driver 361 <a href="memcache_table.5.html">memcache_table(5)</a>, Postfix memcache client 362 <a href="mysql_table.5.html">mysql_table(5)</a>, Postfix MYSQL client 363 <a href="nisplus_table.5.html">nisplus_table(5)</a>, Postfix NIS+ client 364 <a href="pcre_table.5.html">pcre_table(5)</a>, Associate PCRE pattern with value 365 <a href="pgsql_table.5.html">pgsql_table(5)</a>, Postfix PostgreSQL client 366 <a href="regexp_table.5.html">regexp_table(5)</a>, Associate POSIX regexp pattern with value 367 <a href="socketmap_table.5.html">socketmap_table(5)</a>, Postfix socketmap client 368 <a href="sqlite_table.5.html">sqlite_table(5)</a>, Postfix SQLite database driver 369 <a href="tcp_table.5.html">tcp_table(5)</a>, Postfix client-server table lookup 370 371 Daemon processes: 372 <a href="anvil.8.html">anvil(8)</a>, Postfix connection/rate limiting 373 <a href="bounce.8.html">bounce(8)</a>, <a href="defer.8.html">defer(8)</a>, <a href="trace.8.html">trace(8)</a>, Delivery status reports 374 <a href="cleanup.8.html">cleanup(8)</a>, canonicalize and enqueue message 375 <a href="discard.8.html">discard(8)</a>, Postfix discard delivery agent 376 <a href="dnsblog.8.html">dnsblog(8)</a>, DNS allow/denylist logger 377 <a href="error.8.html">error(8)</a>, Postfix error delivery agent 378 <a href="flush.8.html">flush(8)</a>, Postfix fast ETRN service 379 <a href="local.8.html">local(8)</a>, Postfix local delivery agent 380 <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a>, Postfix master daemon 381 <a href="qmgr.8.html">oqmgr(8)</a>, old Postfix queue manager 382 <a href="pickup.8.html">pickup(8)</a>, Postfix local mail pickup 383 <a href="pipe.8.html">pipe(8)</a>, deliver mail to non-Postfix command 384 <a href="postlogd.8.html">postlogd(8)</a>, Postfix internal logging service 385 <a href="postscreen.8.html">postscreen(8)</a>, Postfix zombie blocker 386 <a href="proxymap.8.html">proxymap(8)</a>, Postfix lookup table proxy server 387 <a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a>, Postfix queue manager 388 <a href="qmqpd.8.html">qmqpd(8)</a>, Postfix QMQP server 389 <a href="scache.8.html">scache(8)</a>, Postfix connection cache manager 390 <a href="showq.8.html">showq(8)</a>, list Postfix mail queue 391 <a href="smtp.8.html">smtp(8)</a>, <a href="lmtp.8.html">lmtp(8)</a>, Postfix SMTP+LMTP client 392 <a href="smtpd.8.html">smtpd(8)</a>, Postfix SMTP server 393 <a href="spawn.8.html">spawn(8)</a>, run non-Postfix server 394 <a href="tlsmgr.8.html">tlsmgr(8)</a>, Postfix TLS cache and randomness manager 395 <a href="tlsproxy.8.html">tlsproxy(8)</a>, Postfix TLS proxy server 396 <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html">trivial-rewrite(8)</a>, Postfix address rewriting 397 <a href="verify.8.html">verify(8)</a>, Postfix address verification 398 <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a>, Postfix virtual delivery agent 399 400 Other: 401 syslogd(8), system logging 402 403<b>README FILES</b> 404 <a href="OVERVIEW.html">OVERVIEW</a>, overview of Postfix commands and processes 405 <a href="BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README.html">BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README</a>, Postfix basic configuration 406 <a href="ADDRESS_REWRITING_README.html">ADDRESS_REWRITING_README</a>, Postfix address rewriting 407 <a href="SMTPD_ACCESS_README.html">SMTPD_ACCESS_README</a>, SMTP relay/access control 408 <a href="CONTENT_INSPECTION_README.html">CONTENT_INSPECTION_README</a>, Postfix content inspection 409 <a href="QSHAPE_README.html">QSHAPE_README</a>, Postfix queue analysis 410 411<b>LICENSE</b> 412 The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software. 413 414<b>AUTHOR(S)</b> 415 Wietse Venema 416 IBM T.J. Watson Research 417 P.O. Box 704 418 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA 419 420 Wietse Venema 421 Google, Inc. 422 111 8th Avenue 423 New York, NY 10011, USA 424 425 TLS support by: 426 Lutz Jaenicke 427 Brandenburg University of Technology 428 Cottbus, Germany 429 430 Victor Duchovni 431 Morgan Stanley 432 433 SASL support originally by: 434 Till Franke 435 SuSE Rhein/Main AG 436 65760 Eschborn, Germany 437 438 LMTP support originally by: 439 Philip A. Prindeville 440 Mirapoint, Inc. 441 USA. 442 443 Amos Gouaux 444 University of Texas at Dallas 445 P.O. Box 830688, MC34 446 Richardson, TX 75083, USA 447 448 IPv6 support originally by: 449 Mark Huizer, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands 450 Jun-ichiro 'itojun' Hagino, KAME project, Japan 451 The Linux PLD project 452 Dean Strik, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands 453 454 POSTFIX(1) 455</pre> </body> </html> 456