xref: /netbsd-src/external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/std/optional (revision 0a3071956a3a9fdebdbf7f338cf2d439b45fc728)
1// <optional> -*- C++ -*-
2
3// Copyright (C) 2013-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4// Copyright The GNU Toolchain Authors.
5//
6// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
7// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
8// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
9// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
10// any later version.
11
12// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
15// GNU General Public License for more details.
16
17// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
18// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
19// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
20
21// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
22// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
23// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
24// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
25
26/** @file include/optional
27 *  This is a Standard C++ Library header.
28 */
29
30#ifndef _GLIBCXX_OPTIONAL
31#define _GLIBCXX_OPTIONAL 1
32
33#pragma GCC system_header
34
35#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
36
37#include <type_traits>
38#include <exception>
39#include <new>
40#include <initializer_list>
41#include <bits/enable_special_members.h>
42#include <bits/exception_defines.h>
43#include <bits/functional_hash.h>
44#include <bits/stl_construct.h> // _Construct
45#include <bits/utility.h> // in_place_t
46#if __cplusplus > 201703L
47# include <compare>
48# include <bits/invoke.h> // std::__invoke
49#endif
50#if __cplusplus > 202002L
51# include <concepts>
52#endif
53
54namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
55{
56_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
57
58  /**
59   *  @addtogroup utilities
60   *  @{
61   */
62
63#if __cplusplus > 202002L && __cpp_lib_concepts
64# define __cpp_lib_optional 202110L
65#elif __cplusplus >= 202002L
66# define __cpp_lib_optional 202106L
67#else
68# define __cpp_lib_optional 201606L
69#endif
70
71  template<typename _Tp>
72    class optional;
73
74  /// Tag type to disengage optional objects.
75  struct nullopt_t
76  {
77    // Do not user-declare default constructor at all for
78    // optional_value = {} syntax to work.
79    // nullopt_t() = delete;
80
81    // Used for constructing nullopt.
82    enum class _Construct { _Token };
83
84    // Must be constexpr for nullopt_t to be literal.
85    explicit constexpr nullopt_t(_Construct) noexcept { }
86  };
87
88  /// Tag to disengage optional objects.
89  inline constexpr nullopt_t nullopt { nullopt_t::_Construct::_Token };
90
91  template<typename _Fn> struct _Optional_func { _Fn& _M_f; };
92
93  /**
94   *  @brief Exception class thrown when a disengaged optional object is
95   *  dereferenced.
96   *  @ingroup exceptions
97   */
98  class bad_optional_access : public exception
99  {
100  public:
101    bad_optional_access() = default;
102    virtual ~bad_optional_access() = default;
103
104    const char* what() const noexcept override
105    { return "bad optional access"; }
106  };
107
108  // XXX Does not belong here.
109  [[__noreturn__]] inline void
110  __throw_bad_optional_access()
111  { _GLIBCXX_THROW_OR_ABORT(bad_optional_access()); }
112
113  // This class template manages construction/destruction of
114  // the contained value for a std::optional.
115  template <typename _Tp>
116    struct _Optional_payload_base
117    {
118      using _Stored_type = remove_const_t<_Tp>;
119
120      _Optional_payload_base() = default;
121      ~_Optional_payload_base() = default;
122
123      template<typename... _Args>
124	constexpr
125	_Optional_payload_base(in_place_t __tag, _Args&&... __args)
126	: _M_payload(__tag, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...),
127	  _M_engaged(true)
128	{ }
129
130      template<typename _Up, typename... _Args>
131	constexpr
132	_Optional_payload_base(std::initializer_list<_Up> __il,
133			       _Args&&... __args)
134	: _M_payload(__il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...),
135	  _M_engaged(true)
136	{ }
137
138      // Constructor used by _Optional_base copy constructor when the
139      // contained value is not trivially copy constructible.
140      constexpr
141      _Optional_payload_base(bool __engaged,
142			     const _Optional_payload_base& __other)
143      {
144	if (__other._M_engaged)
145	  this->_M_construct(__other._M_get());
146      }
147
148      // Constructor used by _Optional_base move constructor when the
149      // contained value is not trivially move constructible.
150      constexpr
151      _Optional_payload_base(bool __engaged,
152			     _Optional_payload_base&& __other)
153      {
154	if (__other._M_engaged)
155	  this->_M_construct(std::move(__other._M_get()));
156      }
157
158      // Copy constructor is only used to when the contained value is
159      // trivially copy constructible.
160      _Optional_payload_base(const _Optional_payload_base&) = default;
161
162      // Move constructor is only used to when the contained value is
163      // trivially copy constructible.
164      _Optional_payload_base(_Optional_payload_base&&) = default;
165
166      _Optional_payload_base&
167      operator=(const _Optional_payload_base&) = default;
168
169      _Optional_payload_base&
170      operator=(_Optional_payload_base&&) = default;
171
172      // used to perform non-trivial copy assignment.
173      constexpr void
174      _M_copy_assign(const _Optional_payload_base& __other)
175      {
176	if (this->_M_engaged && __other._M_engaged)
177	  this->_M_get() = __other._M_get();
178	else
179	  {
180	    if (__other._M_engaged)
181	      this->_M_construct(__other._M_get());
182	    else
183	      this->_M_reset();
184	  }
185      }
186
187      // used to perform non-trivial move assignment.
188      constexpr void
189      _M_move_assign(_Optional_payload_base&& __other)
190      noexcept(__and_v<is_nothrow_move_constructible<_Tp>,
191		       is_nothrow_move_assignable<_Tp>>)
192      {
193	if (this->_M_engaged && __other._M_engaged)
194	  this->_M_get() = std::move(__other._M_get());
195	else
196	  {
197	    if (__other._M_engaged)
198	      this->_M_construct(std::move(__other._M_get()));
199	    else
200	      this->_M_reset();
201	  }
202      }
203
204      struct _Empty_byte { };
205
206      template<typename _Up, bool = is_trivially_destructible_v<_Up>>
207	union _Storage
208	{
209	  constexpr _Storage() noexcept : _M_empty() { }
210
211	  template<typename... _Args>
212	    constexpr
213	    _Storage(in_place_t, _Args&&... __args)
214	    : _M_value(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
215	    { }
216
217	  template<typename _Vp, typename... _Args>
218	    constexpr
219	    _Storage(std::initializer_list<_Vp> __il, _Args&&... __args)
220	    : _M_value(__il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
221	    { }
222
223#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
224	  template<typename _Fn, typename _Arg>
225	    constexpr
226	    _Storage(_Optional_func<_Fn> __f, _Arg&& __arg)
227	    : _M_value(std::__invoke(std::forward<_Fn>(__f._M_f),
228				     std::forward<_Arg>(__arg)))
229	    { }
230#endif
231
232	  _Empty_byte _M_empty;
233	  _Up _M_value;
234	};
235
236      template<typename _Up>
237	union _Storage<_Up, false>
238	{
239	  constexpr _Storage() noexcept : _M_empty() { }
240
241	  template<typename... _Args>
242	    constexpr
243	    _Storage(in_place_t, _Args&&... __args)
244	    : _M_value(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
245	    { }
246
247	  template<typename _Vp, typename... _Args>
248	    constexpr
249	    _Storage(std::initializer_list<_Vp> __il, _Args&&... __args)
250	    : _M_value(__il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
251	    { }
252
253#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
254	  template<typename _Fn, typename _Arg>
255	    constexpr
256	    _Storage(_Optional_func<_Fn> __f, _Arg&& __arg)
257	    : _M_value(std::__invoke(std::forward<_Fn>(__f._M_f),
258				     std::forward<_Arg>(__arg)))
259	    { }
260#endif
261
262	  // User-provided destructor is needed when _Up has non-trivial dtor.
263	  _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR ~_Storage() { }
264
265	  _Empty_byte _M_empty;
266	  _Up _M_value;
267	};
268
269      _Storage<_Stored_type> _M_payload;
270
271      bool _M_engaged = false;
272
273      template<typename... _Args>
274	constexpr void
275	_M_construct(_Args&&... __args)
276	noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Stored_type, _Args...>)
277	{
278	  std::_Construct(std::__addressof(this->_M_payload._M_value),
279			  std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
280	  this->_M_engaged = true;
281	}
282
283      constexpr void
284      _M_destroy() noexcept
285      {
286	_M_engaged = false;
287	_M_payload._M_value.~_Stored_type();
288      }
289
290#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
291      template<typename _Fn, typename _Up>
292	constexpr void
293	_M_apply(_Optional_func<_Fn> __f, _Up&& __x)
294	{
295	  std::construct_at(std::__addressof(this->_M_payload),
296			    __f, std::forward<_Up>(__x));
297	  _M_engaged = true;
298	}
299#endif
300
301      // The _M_get() operations have _M_engaged as a precondition.
302      // They exist to access the contained value with the appropriate
303      // const-qualification, because _M_payload has had the const removed.
304
305      constexpr _Tp&
306      _M_get() noexcept
307      { return this->_M_payload._M_value; }
308
309      constexpr const _Tp&
310      _M_get() const noexcept
311      { return this->_M_payload._M_value; }
312
313      // _M_reset is a 'safe' operation with no precondition.
314      constexpr void
315      _M_reset() noexcept
316      {
317	if (this->_M_engaged)
318	  _M_destroy();
319      }
320    };
321
322  // Class template that manages the payload for optionals.
323  template <typename _Tp,
324	    bool /*_HasTrivialDestructor*/ =
325	      is_trivially_destructible_v<_Tp>,
326	    bool /*_HasTrivialCopy */ =
327	      is_trivially_copy_assignable_v<_Tp>
328	      && is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Tp>,
329	    bool /*_HasTrivialMove */ =
330	      is_trivially_move_assignable_v<_Tp>
331	      && is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Tp>>
332    struct _Optional_payload;
333
334  // Payload for potentially-constexpr optionals (trivial copy/move/destroy).
335  template <typename _Tp>
336    struct _Optional_payload<_Tp, true, true, true>
337    : _Optional_payload_base<_Tp>
338    {
339      using _Optional_payload_base<_Tp>::_Optional_payload_base;
340
341      _Optional_payload() = default;
342    };
343
344  // Payload for optionals with non-trivial copy construction/assignment.
345  template <typename _Tp>
346    struct _Optional_payload<_Tp, true, false, true>
347    : _Optional_payload_base<_Tp>
348    {
349      using _Optional_payload_base<_Tp>::_Optional_payload_base;
350
351      _Optional_payload() = default;
352      ~_Optional_payload() = default;
353      _Optional_payload(const _Optional_payload&) = default;
354      _Optional_payload(_Optional_payload&&) = default;
355      _Optional_payload& operator=(_Optional_payload&&) = default;
356
357      // Non-trivial copy assignment.
358      constexpr
359      _Optional_payload&
360      operator=(const _Optional_payload& __other)
361      {
362	this->_M_copy_assign(__other);
363	return *this;
364      }
365    };
366
367  // Payload for optionals with non-trivial move construction/assignment.
368  template <typename _Tp>
369    struct _Optional_payload<_Tp, true, true, false>
370    : _Optional_payload_base<_Tp>
371    {
372      using _Optional_payload_base<_Tp>::_Optional_payload_base;
373
374      _Optional_payload() = default;
375      ~_Optional_payload() = default;
376      _Optional_payload(const _Optional_payload&) = default;
377      _Optional_payload(_Optional_payload&&) = default;
378      _Optional_payload& operator=(const _Optional_payload&) = default;
379
380      // Non-trivial move assignment.
381      constexpr
382      _Optional_payload&
383      operator=(_Optional_payload&& __other)
384      noexcept(__and_v<is_nothrow_move_constructible<_Tp>,
385		       is_nothrow_move_assignable<_Tp>>)
386      {
387	this->_M_move_assign(std::move(__other));
388	return *this;
389      }
390    };
391
392  // Payload for optionals with non-trivial copy and move assignment.
393  template <typename _Tp>
394    struct _Optional_payload<_Tp, true, false, false>
395    : _Optional_payload_base<_Tp>
396    {
397      using _Optional_payload_base<_Tp>::_Optional_payload_base;
398
399      _Optional_payload() = default;
400      ~_Optional_payload() = default;
401      _Optional_payload(const _Optional_payload&) = default;
402      _Optional_payload(_Optional_payload&&) = default;
403
404      // Non-trivial copy assignment.
405      constexpr
406      _Optional_payload&
407      operator=(const _Optional_payload& __other)
408      {
409	this->_M_copy_assign(__other);
410	return *this;
411      }
412
413      // Non-trivial move assignment.
414      constexpr
415      _Optional_payload&
416      operator=(_Optional_payload&& __other)
417      noexcept(__and_v<is_nothrow_move_constructible<_Tp>,
418		       is_nothrow_move_assignable<_Tp>>)
419      {
420	this->_M_move_assign(std::move(__other));
421	return *this;
422      }
423    };
424
425  // Payload for optionals with non-trivial destructors.
426  template <typename _Tp, bool _Copy, bool _Move>
427    struct _Optional_payload<_Tp, false, _Copy, _Move>
428    : _Optional_payload<_Tp, true, false, false>
429    {
430      // Base class implements all the constructors and assignment operators:
431      using _Optional_payload<_Tp, true, false, false>::_Optional_payload;
432      _Optional_payload() = default;
433      _Optional_payload(const _Optional_payload&) = default;
434      _Optional_payload(_Optional_payload&&) = default;
435      _Optional_payload& operator=(const _Optional_payload&) = default;
436      _Optional_payload& operator=(_Optional_payload&&) = default;
437
438      // Destructor needs to destroy the contained value:
439      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR ~_Optional_payload() { this->_M_reset(); }
440    };
441
442  // Common base class for _Optional_base<T> to avoid repeating these
443  // member functions in each specialization.
444  template<typename _Tp, typename _Dp>
445    class _Optional_base_impl
446    {
447    protected:
448      using _Stored_type = remove_const_t<_Tp>;
449
450      // The _M_construct operation has !_M_engaged as a precondition
451      // while _M_destruct has _M_engaged as a precondition.
452      template<typename... _Args>
453	constexpr void
454	_M_construct(_Args&&... __args)
455	noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Stored_type, _Args...>)
456	{
457	  static_cast<_Dp*>(this)->_M_payload._M_construct(
458	    std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
459	}
460
461      constexpr void
462      _M_destruct() noexcept
463      { static_cast<_Dp*>(this)->_M_payload._M_destroy(); }
464
465      // _M_reset is a 'safe' operation with no precondition.
466      constexpr void
467      _M_reset() noexcept
468      { static_cast<_Dp*>(this)->_M_payload._M_reset(); }
469
470      constexpr bool _M_is_engaged() const noexcept
471      { return static_cast<const _Dp*>(this)->_M_payload._M_engaged; }
472
473      // The _M_get operations have _M_engaged as a precondition.
474      constexpr _Tp&
475      _M_get() noexcept
476      {
477	__glibcxx_assert(this->_M_is_engaged());
478	return static_cast<_Dp*>(this)->_M_payload._M_get();
479      }
480
481      constexpr const _Tp&
482      _M_get() const noexcept
483      {
484	__glibcxx_assert(this->_M_is_engaged());
485	return static_cast<const _Dp*>(this)->_M_payload._M_get();
486      }
487    };
488
489  /**
490    * @brief Class template that provides copy/move constructors of optional.
491    *
492    * Such a separate base class template is necessary in order to
493    * conditionally make copy/move constructors trivial.
494    *
495    * When the contained value is trivially copy/move constructible,
496    * the copy/move constructors of _Optional_base will invoke the
497    * trivial copy/move constructor of _Optional_payload. Otherwise,
498    * they will invoke _Optional_payload(bool, const _Optional_payload&)
499    * or _Optional_payload(bool, _Optional_payload&&) to initialize
500    * the contained value, if copying/moving an engaged optional.
501    *
502    * Whether the other special members are trivial is determined by the
503    * _Optional_payload<_Tp> specialization used for the _M_payload member.
504    *
505    * @see optional, _Enable_special_members
506    */
507  template<typename _Tp,
508	   bool = is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Tp>,
509	   bool = is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Tp>>
510    struct _Optional_base
511    : _Optional_base_impl<_Tp, _Optional_base<_Tp>>
512    {
513      // Constructors for disengaged optionals.
514      constexpr _Optional_base() = default;
515
516      // Constructors for engaged optionals.
517      template<typename... _Args,
518	       enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args...>, bool> = false>
519	constexpr explicit
520	_Optional_base(in_place_t, _Args&&... __args)
521	: _M_payload(in_place, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
522	{ }
523
524      template<typename _Up, typename... _Args,
525	       enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp,
526					      initializer_list<_Up>&,
527					      _Args...>, bool> = false>
528	constexpr explicit
529	_Optional_base(in_place_t,
530		       initializer_list<_Up> __il,
531		       _Args&&... __args)
532	: _M_payload(in_place, __il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
533	{ }
534
535      // Copy and move constructors.
536      constexpr
537      _Optional_base(const _Optional_base& __other)
538      : _M_payload(__other._M_payload._M_engaged, __other._M_payload)
539      { }
540
541      constexpr
542      _Optional_base(_Optional_base&& __other)
543      noexcept(is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Tp>)
544      : _M_payload(__other._M_payload._M_engaged,
545		   std::move(__other._M_payload))
546      { }
547
548      // Assignment operators.
549      _Optional_base& operator=(const _Optional_base&) = default;
550      _Optional_base& operator=(_Optional_base&&) = default;
551
552      _Optional_payload<_Tp> _M_payload;
553    };
554
555  template<typename _Tp>
556    struct _Optional_base<_Tp, false, true>
557    : _Optional_base_impl<_Tp, _Optional_base<_Tp>>
558    {
559      // Constructors for disengaged optionals.
560      constexpr _Optional_base() = default;
561
562      // Constructors for engaged optionals.
563      template<typename... _Args,
564	       enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args...>, bool> = false>
565	constexpr explicit
566	_Optional_base(in_place_t, _Args&&... __args)
567	: _M_payload(in_place, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
568	{ }
569
570      template<typename _Up, typename... _Args,
571	       enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp,
572					      initializer_list<_Up>&,
573					      _Args...>, bool> = false>
574	constexpr explicit
575	_Optional_base(in_place_t,
576		       initializer_list<_Up> __il,
577		       _Args... __args)
578	: _M_payload(in_place, __il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
579	{ }
580
581      // Copy and move constructors.
582      constexpr _Optional_base(const _Optional_base& __other)
583      : _M_payload(__other._M_payload._M_engaged, __other._M_payload)
584      { }
585
586      constexpr _Optional_base(_Optional_base&& __other) = default;
587
588      // Assignment operators.
589      _Optional_base& operator=(const _Optional_base&) = default;
590      _Optional_base& operator=(_Optional_base&&) = default;
591
592      _Optional_payload<_Tp> _M_payload;
593    };
594
595  template<typename _Tp>
596    struct _Optional_base<_Tp, true, false>
597    : _Optional_base_impl<_Tp, _Optional_base<_Tp>>
598    {
599      // Constructors for disengaged optionals.
600      constexpr _Optional_base() = default;
601
602      // Constructors for engaged optionals.
603      template<typename... _Args,
604	       enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args...>, bool> = false>
605	constexpr explicit
606	_Optional_base(in_place_t, _Args&&... __args)
607	: _M_payload(in_place, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
608	{ }
609
610      template<typename _Up, typename... _Args,
611	       enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp,
612					      initializer_list<_Up>&,
613					      _Args...>, bool> = false>
614	constexpr explicit
615	_Optional_base(in_place_t,
616		       initializer_list<_Up> __il,
617		       _Args&&... __args)
618	: _M_payload(in_place, __il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
619	{ }
620
621      // Copy and move constructors.
622      constexpr _Optional_base(const _Optional_base& __other) = default;
623
624      constexpr
625      _Optional_base(_Optional_base&& __other)
626      noexcept(is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Tp>)
627      : _M_payload(__other._M_payload._M_engaged,
628		   std::move(__other._M_payload))
629      { }
630
631      // Assignment operators.
632      _Optional_base& operator=(const _Optional_base&) = default;
633      _Optional_base& operator=(_Optional_base&&) = default;
634
635      _Optional_payload<_Tp> _M_payload;
636    };
637
638  template<typename _Tp>
639    struct _Optional_base<_Tp, true, true>
640    : _Optional_base_impl<_Tp, _Optional_base<_Tp>>
641    {
642      // Constructors for disengaged optionals.
643      constexpr _Optional_base() = default;
644
645      // Constructors for engaged optionals.
646      template<typename... _Args,
647	       enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args...>, bool> = false>
648	constexpr explicit
649	_Optional_base(in_place_t, _Args&&... __args)
650	: _M_payload(in_place, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
651	{ }
652
653      template<typename _Up, typename... _Args,
654	       enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp,
655					      initializer_list<_Up>&,
656					      _Args...>, bool> = false>
657	constexpr explicit
658	_Optional_base(in_place_t,
659		       initializer_list<_Up> __il,
660		       _Args&&... __args)
661	: _M_payload(in_place, __il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
662	{ }
663
664      // Copy and move constructors.
665      constexpr _Optional_base(const _Optional_base& __other) = default;
666      constexpr _Optional_base(_Optional_base&& __other) = default;
667
668      // Assignment operators.
669      _Optional_base& operator=(const _Optional_base&) = default;
670      _Optional_base& operator=(_Optional_base&&) = default;
671
672      _Optional_payload<_Tp> _M_payload;
673    };
674
675  template<typename _Tp>
676  class optional;
677
678  template<typename _Tp>
679    inline constexpr bool __is_optional_v = false;
680  template<typename _Tp>
681    inline constexpr bool __is_optional_v<optional<_Tp>> = true;
682
683  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
684    using __converts_from_optional =
685      __or_<is_constructible<_Tp, const optional<_Up>&>,
686	    is_constructible<_Tp, optional<_Up>&>,
687	    is_constructible<_Tp, const optional<_Up>&&>,
688	    is_constructible<_Tp, optional<_Up>&&>,
689	    is_convertible<const optional<_Up>&, _Tp>,
690	    is_convertible<optional<_Up>&, _Tp>,
691	    is_convertible<const optional<_Up>&&, _Tp>,
692	    is_convertible<optional<_Up>&&, _Tp>>;
693
694  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
695    using __assigns_from_optional =
696      __or_<is_assignable<_Tp&, const optional<_Up>&>,
697	    is_assignable<_Tp&, optional<_Up>&>,
698	    is_assignable<_Tp&, const optional<_Up>&&>,
699	    is_assignable<_Tp&, optional<_Up>&&>>;
700
701  /**
702    * @brief Class template for optional values.
703    */
704  template<typename _Tp>
705    class optional
706    : private _Optional_base<_Tp>,
707      private _Enable_copy_move<
708	// Copy constructor.
709	is_copy_constructible_v<_Tp>,
710	// Copy assignment.
711	__and_v<is_copy_constructible<_Tp>, is_copy_assignable<_Tp>>,
712	// Move constructor.
713	is_move_constructible_v<_Tp>,
714	// Move assignment.
715	__and_v<is_move_constructible<_Tp>, is_move_assignable<_Tp>>,
716	// Unique tag type.
717	optional<_Tp>>
718    {
719      static_assert(!is_same_v<remove_cv_t<_Tp>, nullopt_t>);
720      static_assert(!is_same_v<remove_cv_t<_Tp>, in_place_t>);
721      static_assert(!is_reference_v<_Tp>);
722
723    private:
724      using _Base = _Optional_base<_Tp>;
725
726      // SFINAE helpers
727      template<typename _Up>
728	using __not_self = __not_<is_same<optional, __remove_cvref_t<_Up>>>;
729      template<typename _Up>
730	using __not_tag = __not_<is_same<in_place_t, __remove_cvref_t<_Up>>>;
731      template<typename... _Cond>
732	using _Requires = enable_if_t<__and_v<_Cond...>, bool>;
733
734    public:
735      using value_type = _Tp;
736
737      constexpr optional() noexcept { }
738
739      constexpr optional(nullopt_t) noexcept { }
740
741      // Converting constructors for engaged optionals.
742      template<typename _Up = _Tp,
743	       _Requires<__not_self<_Up>, __not_tag<_Up>,
744			 is_constructible<_Tp, _Up>,
745			 is_convertible<_Up, _Tp>> = true>
746	constexpr
747	optional(_Up&& __t)
748	noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Up>)
749	: _Base(std::in_place, std::forward<_Up>(__t)) { }
750
751      template<typename _Up = _Tp,
752	       _Requires<__not_self<_Up>, __not_tag<_Up>,
753			 is_constructible<_Tp, _Up>,
754			 __not_<is_convertible<_Up, _Tp>>> = false>
755	explicit constexpr
756	optional(_Up&& __t)
757	noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Up>)
758	: _Base(std::in_place, std::forward<_Up>(__t)) { }
759
760      template<typename _Up,
761	       _Requires<__not_<is_same<_Tp, _Up>>,
762			 is_constructible<_Tp, const _Up&>,
763			 is_convertible<const _Up&, _Tp>,
764			 __not_<__converts_from_optional<_Tp, _Up>>> = true>
765	constexpr
766	optional(const optional<_Up>& __t)
767	noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, const _Up&>)
768	{
769	  if (__t)
770	    emplace(*__t);
771	}
772
773      template<typename _Up,
774	       _Requires<__not_<is_same<_Tp, _Up>>,
775			 is_constructible<_Tp, const _Up&>,
776			 __not_<is_convertible<const _Up&, _Tp>>,
777			 __not_<__converts_from_optional<_Tp, _Up>>> = false>
778	explicit constexpr
779	optional(const optional<_Up>& __t)
780	noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, const _Up&>)
781	{
782	  if (__t)
783	    emplace(*__t);
784	}
785
786      template<typename _Up,
787	       _Requires<__not_<is_same<_Tp, _Up>>,
788			 is_constructible<_Tp, _Up>,
789			 is_convertible<_Up, _Tp>,
790			 __not_<__converts_from_optional<_Tp, _Up>>> = true>
791	constexpr
792	optional(optional<_Up>&& __t)
793	noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Up>)
794	{
795	  if (__t)
796	    emplace(std::move(*__t));
797	}
798
799      template<typename _Up,
800	       _Requires<__not_<is_same<_Tp, _Up>>,
801			 is_constructible<_Tp, _Up>,
802			 __not_<is_convertible<_Up, _Tp>>,
803			 __not_<__converts_from_optional<_Tp, _Up>>> = false>
804	explicit constexpr
805	optional(optional<_Up>&& __t)
806	noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Up>)
807	{
808	  if (__t)
809	    emplace(std::move(*__t));
810	}
811
812      template<typename... _Args,
813	       _Requires<is_constructible<_Tp, _Args...>> = false>
814	explicit constexpr
815	optional(in_place_t, _Args&&... __args)
816	noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args...>)
817	: _Base(std::in_place, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) { }
818
819      template<typename _Up, typename... _Args,
820	       _Requires<is_constructible<_Tp,
821					  initializer_list<_Up>&,
822					  _Args...>> = false>
823	explicit constexpr
824	optional(in_place_t, initializer_list<_Up> __il, _Args&&... __args)
825	noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, initializer_list<_Up>&,
826					    _Args...>)
827	: _Base(std::in_place, __il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) { }
828
829
830      // Assignment operators.
831      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR optional&
832      operator=(nullopt_t) noexcept
833      {
834	this->_M_reset();
835	return *this;
836      }
837
838      template<typename _Up = _Tp>
839	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
840	enable_if_t<__and_v<__not_self<_Up>,
841			    __not_<__and_<is_scalar<_Tp>,
842					  is_same<_Tp, decay_t<_Up>>>>,
843			    is_constructible<_Tp, _Up>,
844			    is_assignable<_Tp&, _Up>>,
845		    optional&>
846	operator=(_Up&& __u)
847	noexcept(__and_v<is_nothrow_constructible<_Tp, _Up>,
848			 is_nothrow_assignable<_Tp&, _Up>>)
849	{
850	  if (this->_M_is_engaged())
851	    this->_M_get() = std::forward<_Up>(__u);
852	  else
853	    this->_M_construct(std::forward<_Up>(__u));
854
855	  return *this;
856	}
857
858      template<typename _Up>
859	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
860	enable_if_t<__and_v<__not_<is_same<_Tp, _Up>>,
861			    is_constructible<_Tp, const _Up&>,
862			    is_assignable<_Tp&, const _Up&>,
863			    __not_<__converts_from_optional<_Tp, _Up>>,
864			    __not_<__assigns_from_optional<_Tp, _Up>>>,
865		    optional&>
866	operator=(const optional<_Up>& __u)
867	noexcept(__and_v<is_nothrow_constructible<_Tp, const _Up&>,
868			 is_nothrow_assignable<_Tp&, const _Up&>>)
869	{
870	  if (__u)
871	    {
872	      if (this->_M_is_engaged())
873		this->_M_get() = *__u;
874	      else
875		this->_M_construct(*__u);
876	    }
877	  else
878	    {
879	      this->_M_reset();
880	    }
881	  return *this;
882	}
883
884      template<typename _Up>
885	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
886	enable_if_t<__and_v<__not_<is_same<_Tp, _Up>>,
887			    is_constructible<_Tp, _Up>,
888			    is_assignable<_Tp&, _Up>,
889			    __not_<__converts_from_optional<_Tp, _Up>>,
890			    __not_<__assigns_from_optional<_Tp, _Up>>>,
891		    optional&>
892	operator=(optional<_Up>&& __u)
893	noexcept(__and_v<is_nothrow_constructible<_Tp, _Up>,
894			 is_nothrow_assignable<_Tp&, _Up>>)
895	{
896	  if (__u)
897	    {
898	      if (this->_M_is_engaged())
899		this->_M_get() = std::move(*__u);
900	      else
901		this->_M_construct(std::move(*__u));
902	    }
903	  else
904	    {
905	      this->_M_reset();
906	    }
907
908	  return *this;
909	}
910
911      template<typename... _Args>
912	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
913	enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args...>, _Tp&>
914	emplace(_Args&&... __args)
915	noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args...>)
916	{
917	  this->_M_reset();
918	  this->_M_construct(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
919	  return this->_M_get();
920	}
921
922      template<typename _Up, typename... _Args>
923	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
924	enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp, initializer_list<_Up>&, _Args...>,
925		    _Tp&>
926	emplace(initializer_list<_Up> __il, _Args&&... __args)
927	noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, initializer_list<_Up>&,
928					    _Args...>)
929	{
930	  this->_M_reset();
931	  this->_M_construct(__il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
932	  return this->_M_get();
933	}
934
935      // Destructor is implicit, implemented in _Optional_base.
936
937      // Swap.
938      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR void
939      swap(optional& __other)
940      noexcept(is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Tp>
941	       && is_nothrow_swappable_v<_Tp>)
942      {
943	using std::swap;
944
945	if (this->_M_is_engaged() && __other._M_is_engaged())
946	  swap(this->_M_get(), __other._M_get());
947	else if (this->_M_is_engaged())
948	  {
949	    __other._M_construct(std::move(this->_M_get()));
950	    this->_M_destruct();
951	  }
952	else if (__other._M_is_engaged())
953	  {
954	    this->_M_construct(std::move(__other._M_get()));
955	    __other._M_destruct();
956	  }
957      }
958
959      // Observers.
960      constexpr const _Tp*
961      operator->() const noexcept
962      { return std::__addressof(this->_M_get()); }
963
964      constexpr _Tp*
965      operator->() noexcept
966      { return std::__addressof(this->_M_get()); }
967
968      constexpr const _Tp&
969      operator*() const& noexcept
970      { return this->_M_get(); }
971
972      constexpr _Tp&
973      operator*()& noexcept
974      { return this->_M_get(); }
975
976      constexpr _Tp&&
977      operator*()&& noexcept
978      { return std::move(this->_M_get()); }
979
980      constexpr const _Tp&&
981      operator*() const&& noexcept
982      { return std::move(this->_M_get()); }
983
984      constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept
985      { return this->_M_is_engaged(); }
986
987      constexpr bool has_value() const noexcept
988      { return this->_M_is_engaged(); }
989
990      constexpr const _Tp&
991      value() const&
992      {
993	if (this->_M_is_engaged())
994	  return this->_M_get();
995	__throw_bad_optional_access();
996      }
997
998      constexpr _Tp&
999      value()&
1000      {
1001	if (this->_M_is_engaged())
1002	  return this->_M_get();
1003	__throw_bad_optional_access();
1004      }
1005
1006      constexpr _Tp&&
1007      value()&&
1008      {
1009	if (this->_M_is_engaged())
1010	  return std::move(this->_M_get());
1011	__throw_bad_optional_access();
1012      }
1013
1014      constexpr const _Tp&&
1015      value() const&&
1016      {
1017	if (this->_M_is_engaged())
1018	  return std::move(this->_M_get());
1019	__throw_bad_optional_access();
1020      }
1021
1022      template<typename _Up>
1023	constexpr _Tp
1024	value_or(_Up&& __u) const&
1025	{
1026	  static_assert(is_copy_constructible_v<_Tp>);
1027	  static_assert(is_convertible_v<_Up&&, _Tp>);
1028
1029	  if (this->_M_is_engaged())
1030	    return this->_M_get();
1031	  else
1032	    return static_cast<_Tp>(std::forward<_Up>(__u));
1033	}
1034
1035      template<typename _Up>
1036	constexpr _Tp
1037	value_or(_Up&& __u) &&
1038	{
1039	  static_assert(is_move_constructible_v<_Tp>);
1040	  static_assert(is_convertible_v<_Up&&, _Tp>);
1041
1042	  if (this->_M_is_engaged())
1043	    return std::move(this->_M_get());
1044	  else
1045	    return static_cast<_Tp>(std::forward<_Up>(__u));
1046	}
1047
1048#if __cpp_lib_optional >= 202110L
1049      // [optional.monadic]
1050
1051      template<typename _Fn>
1052	constexpr auto
1053	and_then(_Fn&& __f) &
1054	{
1055	  using _Up = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Fn, _Tp&>>;
1056	  static_assert(__is_optional_v<remove_cvref_t<_Up>>);
1057	  if (has_value())
1058	    return std::__invoke(std::forward<_Fn>(__f), **this);
1059	  else
1060	    return _Up();
1061	}
1062
1063      template<typename _Fn>
1064	constexpr auto
1065	and_then(_Fn&& __f) const &
1066	{
1067	  using _Up = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Fn, const _Tp&>>;
1068	  static_assert(__is_optional_v<_Up>);
1069	  if (has_value())
1070	    return std::__invoke(std::forward<_Fn>(__f), **this);
1071	  else
1072	    return _Up();
1073	}
1074
1075      template<typename _Fn>
1076	constexpr auto
1077	and_then(_Fn&& __f) &&
1078	{
1079	  using _Up = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Fn, _Tp>>;
1080	  static_assert(__is_optional_v<remove_cvref_t<_Up>>);
1081	  if (has_value())
1082	    return std::__invoke(std::forward<_Fn>(__f), std::move(**this));
1083	  else
1084	    return _Up();
1085	}
1086
1087      template<typename _Fn>
1088	constexpr auto
1089	and_then(_Fn&& __f) const &&
1090	{
1091	  using _Up = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Fn, const _Tp>>;
1092	  static_assert(__is_optional_v<remove_cvref_t<_Up>>);
1093	  if (has_value())
1094	    return std::__invoke(std::forward<_Fn>(__f), std::move(**this));
1095	  else
1096	    return _Up();
1097	}
1098
1099      template<typename _Fn>
1100	constexpr auto
1101	transform(_Fn&& __f) &
1102	{
1103	  using _Up = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Fn, _Tp&>>;
1104	  if (has_value())
1105	    return optional<_Up>(_Optional_func<_Fn>{__f}, **this);
1106	  else
1107	    return optional<_Up>();
1108	}
1109
1110      template<typename _Fn>
1111	constexpr auto
1112	transform(_Fn&& __f) const &
1113	{
1114	  using _Up = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Fn, const _Tp&>>;
1115	  if (has_value())
1116	    return optional<_Up>(_Optional_func<_Fn>{__f}, **this);
1117	  else
1118	    return optional<_Up>();
1119	}
1120
1121      template<typename _Fn>
1122	constexpr auto
1123	transform(_Fn&& __f) &&
1124	{
1125	  using _Up = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Fn, _Tp>>;
1126	  if (has_value())
1127	    return optional<_Up>(_Optional_func<_Fn>{__f}, std::move(**this));
1128	  else
1129	    return optional<_Up>();
1130	}
1131
1132      template<typename _Fn>
1133	constexpr auto
1134	transform(_Fn&& __f) const &&
1135	{
1136	  using _Up = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Fn, const _Tp>>;
1137	  if (has_value())
1138	    return optional<_Up>(_Optional_func<_Fn>{__f}, std::move(**this));
1139	  else
1140	    return optional<_Up>();
1141	}
1142
1143      template<typename _Fn> requires invocable<_Fn> && copy_constructible<_Tp>
1144	constexpr optional
1145	or_else(_Fn&& __f) const&
1146	{
1147	  using _Up = invoke_result_t<_Fn>;
1148	  static_assert( is_same_v<remove_cvref_t<_Up>, optional> );
1149
1150	  if (has_value())
1151	    return *this;
1152	  else
1153	    return std::forward<_Fn>(__f)();
1154	}
1155
1156      template<typename _Fn> requires invocable<_Fn> && move_constructible<_Tp>
1157	constexpr optional
1158	or_else(_Fn&& __f) &&
1159	{
1160	  using _Up = invoke_result_t<_Fn>;
1161	  static_assert( is_same_v<remove_cvref_t<_Up>, optional> );
1162
1163	  if (has_value())
1164	    return std::move(*this);
1165	  else
1166	    return std::forward<_Fn>(__f)();
1167	}
1168#endif
1169
1170      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR void reset() noexcept { this->_M_reset(); }
1171
1172    private:
1173#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
1174      template<typename _Up> friend class optional;
1175
1176      template<typename _Fn, typename _Value>
1177	explicit constexpr
1178	optional(_Optional_func<_Fn> __f, _Value&& __v)
1179	{
1180	  this->_M_payload._M_apply(__f, std::forward<_Value>(__v));
1181	}
1182#endif
1183    };
1184
1185  template<typename _Tp>
1186    using __optional_relop_t =
1187      enable_if_t<is_convertible<_Tp, bool>::value, bool>;
1188
1189  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1190    using __optional_eq_t = __optional_relop_t<
1191      decltype(std::declval<const _Tp&>() == std::declval<const _Up&>())
1192      >;
1193
1194  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1195    using __optional_ne_t = __optional_relop_t<
1196      decltype(std::declval<const _Tp&>() != std::declval<const _Up&>())
1197      >;
1198
1199  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1200    using __optional_lt_t = __optional_relop_t<
1201      decltype(std::declval<const _Tp&>() < std::declval<const _Up&>())
1202      >;
1203
1204  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1205    using __optional_gt_t = __optional_relop_t<
1206      decltype(std::declval<const _Tp&>() > std::declval<const _Up&>())
1207      >;
1208
1209  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1210    using __optional_le_t = __optional_relop_t<
1211      decltype(std::declval<const _Tp&>() <= std::declval<const _Up&>())
1212      >;
1213
1214  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1215    using __optional_ge_t = __optional_relop_t<
1216      decltype(std::declval<const _Tp&>() >= std::declval<const _Up&>())
1217      >;
1218
1219  // Comparisons between optional values.
1220  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1221    constexpr auto
1222    operator==(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, const optional<_Up>& __rhs)
1223    -> __optional_eq_t<_Tp, _Up>
1224    {
1225      return static_cast<bool>(__lhs) == static_cast<bool>(__rhs)
1226	     && (!__lhs || *__lhs == *__rhs);
1227    }
1228
1229  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1230    constexpr auto
1231    operator!=(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, const optional<_Up>& __rhs)
1232    -> __optional_ne_t<_Tp, _Up>
1233    {
1234      return static_cast<bool>(__lhs) != static_cast<bool>(__rhs)
1235	|| (static_cast<bool>(__lhs) && *__lhs != *__rhs);
1236    }
1237
1238  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1239    constexpr auto
1240    operator<(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, const optional<_Up>& __rhs)
1241    -> __optional_lt_t<_Tp, _Up>
1242    {
1243      return static_cast<bool>(__rhs) && (!__lhs || *__lhs < *__rhs);
1244    }
1245
1246  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1247    constexpr auto
1248    operator>(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, const optional<_Up>& __rhs)
1249    -> __optional_gt_t<_Tp, _Up>
1250    {
1251      return static_cast<bool>(__lhs) && (!__rhs || *__lhs > *__rhs);
1252    }
1253
1254  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1255    constexpr auto
1256    operator<=(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, const optional<_Up>& __rhs)
1257    -> __optional_le_t<_Tp, _Up>
1258    {
1259      return !__lhs || (static_cast<bool>(__rhs) && *__lhs <= *__rhs);
1260    }
1261
1262  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1263    constexpr auto
1264    operator>=(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, const optional<_Up>& __rhs)
1265    -> __optional_ge_t<_Tp, _Up>
1266    {
1267      return !__rhs || (static_cast<bool>(__lhs) && *__lhs >= *__rhs);
1268    }
1269
1270#ifdef __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
1271  template<typename _Tp, three_way_comparable_with<_Tp> _Up>
1272    constexpr compare_three_way_result_t<_Tp, _Up>
1273    operator<=>(const optional<_Tp>& __x, const optional<_Up>& __y)
1274    {
1275      return __x && __y ? *__x <=> *__y : bool(__x) <=> bool(__y);
1276    }
1277#endif
1278
1279  // Comparisons with nullopt.
1280  template<typename _Tp>
1281    constexpr bool
1282    operator==(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept
1283    { return !__lhs; }
1284
1285#ifdef __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
1286  template<typename _Tp>
1287    constexpr strong_ordering
1288    operator<=>(const optional<_Tp>& __x, nullopt_t) noexcept
1289    { return bool(__x) <=> false; }
1290#else
1291  template<typename _Tp>
1292    constexpr bool
1293    operator==(nullopt_t, const optional<_Tp>& __rhs) noexcept
1294    { return !__rhs; }
1295
1296  template<typename _Tp>
1297    constexpr bool
1298    operator!=(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept
1299    { return static_cast<bool>(__lhs); }
1300
1301  template<typename _Tp>
1302    constexpr bool
1303    operator!=(nullopt_t, const optional<_Tp>& __rhs) noexcept
1304    { return static_cast<bool>(__rhs); }
1305
1306  template<typename _Tp>
1307    constexpr bool
1308    operator<(const optional<_Tp>& /* __lhs */, nullopt_t) noexcept
1309    { return false; }
1310
1311  template<typename _Tp>
1312    constexpr bool
1313    operator<(nullopt_t, const optional<_Tp>& __rhs) noexcept
1314    { return static_cast<bool>(__rhs); }
1315
1316  template<typename _Tp>
1317    constexpr bool
1318    operator>(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept
1319    { return static_cast<bool>(__lhs); }
1320
1321  template<typename _Tp>
1322    constexpr bool
1323    operator>(nullopt_t, const optional<_Tp>& /* __rhs */) noexcept
1324    { return false; }
1325
1326  template<typename _Tp>
1327    constexpr bool
1328    operator<=(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept
1329    { return !__lhs; }
1330
1331  template<typename _Tp>
1332    constexpr bool
1333    operator<=(nullopt_t, const optional<_Tp>& /* __rhs */) noexcept
1334    { return true; }
1335
1336  template<typename _Tp>
1337    constexpr bool
1338    operator>=(const optional<_Tp>& /* __lhs */, nullopt_t) noexcept
1339    { return true; }
1340
1341  template<typename _Tp>
1342    constexpr bool
1343    operator>=(nullopt_t, const optional<_Tp>& __rhs) noexcept
1344    { return !__rhs; }
1345#endif // three-way-comparison
1346
1347  // Comparisons with value type.
1348  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1349    constexpr auto
1350    operator==(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, const _Up& __rhs)
1351    -> __optional_eq_t<_Tp, _Up>
1352    { return __lhs && *__lhs == __rhs; }
1353
1354  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1355    constexpr auto
1356    operator==(const _Up& __lhs, const optional<_Tp>& __rhs)
1357    -> __optional_eq_t<_Up, _Tp>
1358    { return __rhs && __lhs == *__rhs; }
1359
1360  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1361    constexpr auto
1362    operator!=(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, const _Up& __rhs)
1363    -> __optional_ne_t<_Tp, _Up>
1364    { return !__lhs || *__lhs != __rhs; }
1365
1366  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1367    constexpr auto
1368    operator!=(const _Up& __lhs, const optional<_Tp>& __rhs)
1369    -> __optional_ne_t<_Up, _Tp>
1370    { return !__rhs || __lhs != *__rhs; }
1371
1372  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1373    constexpr auto
1374    operator<(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, const _Up& __rhs)
1375    -> __optional_lt_t<_Tp, _Up>
1376    { return !__lhs || *__lhs < __rhs; }
1377
1378  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1379    constexpr auto
1380    operator<(const _Up& __lhs, const optional<_Tp>& __rhs)
1381    -> __optional_lt_t<_Up, _Tp>
1382    { return __rhs && __lhs < *__rhs; }
1383
1384  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1385    constexpr auto
1386    operator>(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, const _Up& __rhs)
1387    -> __optional_gt_t<_Tp, _Up>
1388    { return __lhs && *__lhs > __rhs; }
1389
1390  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1391    constexpr auto
1392    operator>(const _Up& __lhs, const optional<_Tp>& __rhs)
1393    -> __optional_gt_t<_Up, _Tp>
1394    { return !__rhs || __lhs > *__rhs; }
1395
1396  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1397    constexpr auto
1398    operator<=(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, const _Up& __rhs)
1399    -> __optional_le_t<_Tp, _Up>
1400    { return !__lhs || *__lhs <= __rhs; }
1401
1402  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1403    constexpr auto
1404    operator<=(const _Up& __lhs, const optional<_Tp>& __rhs)
1405    -> __optional_le_t<_Up, _Tp>
1406    { return __rhs && __lhs <= *__rhs; }
1407
1408  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1409    constexpr auto
1410    operator>=(const optional<_Tp>& __lhs, const _Up& __rhs)
1411    -> __optional_ge_t<_Tp, _Up>
1412    { return __lhs && *__lhs >= __rhs; }
1413
1414  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1415    constexpr auto
1416    operator>=(const _Up& __lhs, const optional<_Tp>& __rhs)
1417    -> __optional_ge_t<_Up, _Tp>
1418    { return !__rhs || __lhs >= *__rhs; }
1419
1420#ifdef __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
1421  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1422    requires (!__is_optional_v<_Up>)
1423      && three_way_comparable_with<_Up, _Tp>
1424    constexpr compare_three_way_result_t<_Tp, _Up>
1425    operator<=>(const optional<_Tp>& __x, const _Up& __v)
1426    { return bool(__x) ? *__x <=> __v : strong_ordering::less; }
1427#endif
1428
1429  // Swap and creation functions.
1430
1431  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
1432  // 2748. swappable traits for optionals
1433  template<typename _Tp>
1434    _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
1435    inline enable_if_t<is_move_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_swappable_v<_Tp>>
1436    swap(optional<_Tp>& __lhs, optional<_Tp>& __rhs)
1437    noexcept(noexcept(__lhs.swap(__rhs)))
1438    { __lhs.swap(__rhs); }
1439
1440  template<typename _Tp>
1441    enable_if_t<!(is_move_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_swappable_v<_Tp>)>
1442    swap(optional<_Tp>&, optional<_Tp>&) = delete;
1443
1444  template<typename _Tp>
1445    constexpr
1446    enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<decay_t<_Tp>, _Tp>,
1447		optional<decay_t<_Tp>>>
1448    make_optional(_Tp&& __t)
1449    noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<optional<decay_t<_Tp>>, _Tp>)
1450    { return optional<decay_t<_Tp>>{ std::forward<_Tp>(__t) }; }
1451
1452  template<typename _Tp, typename... _Args>
1453    constexpr
1454    enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args...>,
1455		optional<_Tp>>
1456    make_optional(_Args&&... __args)
1457    noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args...>)
1458    { return optional<_Tp>{ in_place, std::forward<_Args>(__args)... }; }
1459
1460  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up, typename... _Args>
1461    constexpr
1462    enable_if_t<is_constructible_v<_Tp, initializer_list<_Up>&, _Args...>,
1463		optional<_Tp>>
1464    make_optional(initializer_list<_Up> __il, _Args&&... __args)
1465    noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, initializer_list<_Up>&, _Args...>)
1466    { return optional<_Tp>{ in_place, __il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)... }; }
1467
1468  // Hash.
1469
1470  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up = remove_const_t<_Tp>,
1471	   bool = __poison_hash<_Up>::__enable_hash_call>
1472    struct __optional_hash_call_base
1473    {
1474      size_t
1475      operator()(const optional<_Tp>& __t) const
1476      noexcept(noexcept(hash<_Up>{}(*__t)))
1477      {
1478	// We pick an arbitrary hash for disengaged optionals which hopefully
1479	// usual values of _Tp won't typically hash to.
1480	constexpr size_t __magic_disengaged_hash = static_cast<size_t>(-3333);
1481	return __t ? hash<_Up>{}(*__t) : __magic_disengaged_hash;
1482      }
1483    };
1484
1485  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
1486    struct __optional_hash_call_base<_Tp, _Up, false> {};
1487
1488  template<typename _Tp>
1489    struct hash<optional<_Tp>>
1490    : private __poison_hash<remove_const_t<_Tp>>,
1491      public __optional_hash_call_base<_Tp>
1492    {
1493      using result_type [[__deprecated__]] = size_t;
1494      using argument_type [[__deprecated__]] = optional<_Tp>;
1495    };
1496
1497  template<typename _Tp>
1498    struct __is_fast_hash<hash<optional<_Tp>>> : __is_fast_hash<hash<_Tp>>
1499    { };
1500
1501  /// @}
1502
1503#if __cpp_deduction_guides >= 201606
1504  template <typename _Tp> optional(_Tp) -> optional<_Tp>;
1505#endif
1506
1507_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
1508} // namespace std
1509
1510#endif // C++17
1511
1512#endif // _GLIBCXX_OPTIONAL
1513