xref: /netbsd-src/external/gpl3/binutils.old/dist/ld/NEWS (revision e992f068c547fd6e84b3f104dc2340adcc955732)
1-*- text -*-
2
3Changes in 2.39:
4
5* The ELF linker will now generate a warning message if the stack is made
6  executable.  By default this warning is not issued if the user has
7  specifically requested an executable stack via the "-z execstack"
8  command line option, but the warning can be forced via the new
9  "--warn-execstack" option.  Alternatively all warnings about creating
10  an executable stack can be suppressed via the "--no-warn-execstack"
11  option.
12
13  In addition the ELF linker will also warn if it creates a memory resident
14  segment with all three of the Read, Write and eXecute permissions set, or
15  if it creates a thread local data segment with the eXecute permission set.
16  These warnings can be disabled via --no-warn-rwx-segments option and
17  re-enabled via the --warn-rwx-segments option.
18
19  New configure options can also control these new features:
20
21  --enable-warn-execstack=no
22     will disable the warnings about creating an executable stack.
23
24  --enable-warn-execstack=yes
25     will make --warn-execstack enabled by default.
26
27  --enable-warn-rwx-segments=no
28     will make --no-warn-rwx-segments enabled by default.
29
30  --enable-defaul-execstack=no
31     will stop the creation of an executable stack simply because an input file
32     is missing a .note.GNU-stack section, even on architectures where this
33     ehaviour is the default.
34
35* TYPE=<type> is now supported in an output section description to set the
36  section type value.
37
38* Remove (rudimentary) support for the x86-64 sub-architectures Intel L1OM and
39  Intel K1OM.
40
41* The ELF linker now supports a new --package-metadata option that allows
42  embedding a JSON payload in accordance to the Package Metadata specification.
43  If support for libjansson is enabled at build time, the linker will use it to
44  validate the input. This can be enabled with --enable-jansson.
45  For more details, see: https://systemd.io/ELF_PACKAGE_METADATA/
46
47Changes in 2.38:
48
49* Add -z pack-relative-relocs/-z no pack-relative-relocs to x86 ELF
50  linker to pack relative relocations in the DT_RELR section.
51
52* Add support for the LoongArch architecture.
53
54* Add -z indirect-extern-access/-z noindirect-extern-access to x86 ELF
55  linker to control canonical function pointers and copy relocation.
56
57* Add --max-cache-size=SIZE to set the the maximum cache size to SIZE
58  bytes.
59
60Changes in 2.37:
61
62* arm-symbianelf support removed.
63
64* Add -z report-relative-reloc to x86 ELF linker to report dynamic
65  relative relocations.
66
67* Add -z start-stop-gc to disable special treatment of __start_*/__stop_*
68  references when --gc-sections.
69
70* Add -Bno-symbolic to cancel -Bsymbolic and -Bsymbolic-functions.
71
72Changes in 2.36:
73
74* Add libdep plugin, for linking dependencies of static libraries that
75  were recorded by ar in the __.LIBDEP archive member.
76
77* Add --error-handling-script=<NAME> command line option to allow a helper
78  script to be invoked when an undefined symbol or a missing library is
79  encountered.  This option can be suppressed via the configure time
80  switch: --enable-error-handling-script=no.
81
82* Add -z lam-u48 to x86-64 ELF linker to generate LAM_U48 property.
83
84* Add -z lam-u57 to x86-64 ELF linker to enerate LAM_U57 property.
85
86* Add -z lam-u48-report=[none|warning|error] to report missing LAM_U48
87  property.
88
89* Add -z lam-u57-report=[none|warning|error] to report missing LAM_U57
90  property.
91
92* Add -z lam-report=[none|warning|error] to report missing LAM_U48 and
93  LAM_U57 properties.
94
95* Add -z x86-64-{baseline|v[234]} to the x86 ELF linker to mark
96  x86-64-{baseline|v[234]} ISA level as needed.
97
98* Add -z unique-symbol to avoid duplicated local symbol names.
99
100* The creation of PE format DLLs now defaults to using a more secure set of DLL
101  characteristics.
102
103* The linker now deduplicates the types in .ctf sections.  The new
104  command-line option --ctf-share-types describes how to do this:
105  its default value, share-unconflicted, produces the most compact
106  output.
107
108* The linker now omits the "variable section" from .ctf sections by
109  default, saving space.  This is almost certainly what you want
110  unless you are working on a project that has its own analogue
111  of symbol tables that are not reflected in the ELF symtabs.
112
113* Add support for the SHF_GNU_RETAIN ELF section flag.
114  This flag specifies that the section should not be garbage collected by the
115  linker.
116
117Changes in 2.35:
118
119* X86 NaCl target support is removed.
120
121* Add ELF linker command-line options, --export-dynamic-symbol and
122  --export-dynamic-symbol-list, to make symbols dynamic.
123
124* Add a configure option, --enable-textrel-check=[no|yes|warning|error],
125  to decide what ELF linker should do by default with DT_TEXTREL in an
126  executable or shared library.  Default to yes for Linux/x86 targets.
127
128* The -Map=<filename> command line option has been extended so that if
129  <filename> is a directory then <filename>/<output-filename>.map will be
130  created.
131
132* Add a command-line option for ELF linker, --warn-textrel, to warn that
133  DT_TEXTREL is set in a position-independent executable or shared object.
134
135* Add command-line options --enable-non-contiguous-regions and
136  --enable-non-contiguous-regions-warnings.
137
138* Add command-line option --imagic for the pdp11-aout target to output format
139  IMAGIC (0411) for separate instruction and data spaces, and change the
140  default format option for pdp11-aout to be --omagic.
141
142* Relative pathnames in INPUT() and GROUP() directives in linker scripts are
143  searched relative to the directory of the linker script before other search
144  paths.
145
146* Add ELF linker command-line option `-z start-stop-visibility=...' to control
147  the visibility of synthetic `__start_SECNAME` and `__stop_SECNAME` symbols.
148
149* Add command-line option --dependency-file to write a Make-style dependency
150  file listing the input files consulted by the linker, like the files written
151  by the compiler's -M -MP options.
152
153Changes in 2.34:
154
155* The ld check for "PHDR segment not covered by LOAD segment" is more
156  effective, catching cases that were wrongly allowed by previous versions of
157  ld.  If you see this error it is likely you are linking with a bad linker
158  script or the binary you are building is not intended to be loaded by a
159  dynamic loader.  In the latter case --no-dynamic-linker is appropriate.
160
161* cr16c support removed.
162
163* Add support for z80-elf.
164
165* Add support for relocation of each byte or word of multibyte value to Z80
166  targets.
167
168* Add support for Zilog eZ80 (both ADL and Z80 mode) and Zilog Z180 CPUs.
169
170Changes in 2.33:
171
172* Add command-line option --no-print-map-discarded.
173
174* The Cortex-A53 Erratum 843419 workaround now supports a choice of which
175  workaround to use.  The option --fix-cortex-a53-843419 now takes an
176  optional argument --fix-cortex-a53-843419[=full|adr|adrp] which can be
177  used to force a particular workaround to be used.  See --help for AArch64
178  for more details.
179
180* Add target handlers for AArch64 for ELF GNU program properties.
181
182* Add support for GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_FEATURE_1_BTI in ELF GNU program
183  properties in the AArch64 ELF linker.
184
185* Add support for GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_FEATURE_1_PAC in ELF GNU program
186  properties in the AArch64 ELF linker.
187
188* Add -z force-bti for AArch64 to enable GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_FEATURE_1_BTI
189  on output while warning about missing GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_FEATURE_1_BTI
190  on inputs and use PLTs protected with BTI.
191
192* Add -z pac-plt for AArch64 to pick PAC enabled PLTs.
193
194Changes in 2.32:
195
196* Report property change in linker map file when merging GNU properties.
197
198* Add support for the C-SKY processor series.
199
200* -t now doesn't report members within archives, unless -t is given twice.
201  A single -t is now more useful when generating a list of files that should be
202  packaged for a linker bug report.  For example:
203    gcc hello.c -save-temps -Wl,-t | xargs realpath | sort | uniq > files
204    tar cJf test.tar.xz `cat files`
205
206Changes in 2.31:
207
208* Speed up direct linking with DLLs for Cygwin and Mingw targets.
209
210* Add a configure option --enable-separate-code to decide whether
211  -z separate-code should be enabled in ELF linker by default.  Default
212  to yes for Linux/x86 targets.  Note that -z separate-code can increase
213  disk and memory size.
214
215Changes in 2.30:
216
217* Add -z separate-code to generate separate code PT_LOAD segment.
218
219* Add "-z undefs" command-line option as the inverse of the "-z defs" option.
220
221* Add -z globalaudit command-line option to force audit libraries to be run
222  for every dynamic object loaded by an executable - provided that the loader
223  supports this functionality.
224
225* Tighten linker script grammar around file name specifiers to prevent the use
226  of SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT and SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY on filenames.  These would
227  previously be accepted but had no effect.
228
229* The EXCLUDE_FILE directive can now be placed within any SORT_* directive
230  within input section lists.
231
232Changes in 2.29:
233
234* Support for -z shstk in the x86 ELF linker to generate
235  GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEATURE_1_SHSTK in ELF GNU program properties.
236
237* Add support for GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEATURE_1_SHSTK in ELF GNU program
238  properties in the x86 ELF linker.
239
240* Add support for GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEATURE_1_IBT in ELF GNU program
241  properties in the x86 ELF linker.
242
243* Support for -z ibtplt in the x86 ELF linker to generate IBT-enabled
244  PLT.
245
246* Support for -z ibt in the x86 ELF linker to generate IBT-enabled
247  PLT as well as GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEATURE_1_IBT in ELF GNU program
248  properties.
249
250* Add support for ELF SHF_GNU_MBIND and PT_GNU_MBIND_XXX.
251
252* Add support for ELF GNU program properties.
253
254* Add support for the Texas Instruments PRU processor.
255
256* When configuring for arc*-*-linux* targets the default linker emulation will
257  change if --with-cpu=nps400 is used at configure time.
258
259* Improve assignment of LMAs to orphan sections in some edge cases where a
260  mixture of both AT>LMA_REGION and AT(LMA) are used.
261
262* Orphan sections placed after an empty section that has an AT(LMA) will now
263  take an load memory address starting from LMA.
264
265* Section groups can now be resolved (the group deleted and the group members
266  placed like normal sections) at partial link time either using the new linker
267  option --force-group-allocation or by placing FORCE_GROUP_ALLOCATION into the
268  linker script.
269
270Changes in 2.28:
271
272* The EXCLUDE_FILE linker script construct can now be applied outside of the
273  section list in order for the exclusions to apply over all input sections in
274  the list.
275
276* Add support for the RISC-V architecture.
277
278* The command-line option --no-eh-frame-hdr can now be used in ELF based
279  linkers to disable the automatic generation of .eh_frame_hdr sections.
280
281* Add --in-implib=<infile> to the ARM linker to enable specifying a set of
282  Secure Gateway veneers that must exist in the output import library specified
283  by --out-implib=<outfile> and the address they must have.  As such,
284  --in-implib is only supported in combination with --cmse-implib.
285
286* Extended the --out-implib=<file> option, previously restricted to x86 PE
287  targets, to any ELF based target.  This allows the generation of an import
288  library for an ELF executable, which can then be used by another application
289  to link against the executable.
290
291Changes in 2.27:
292
293* Add a configure option --enable-relro to decide whether -z relro should
294  be enabled in ELF linker by default.  Default to yes for all Linux
295  targets except FRV, HPPA, IA64 and MIPS.  Note that -z relro can increase
296  disk and memory size.
297
298* Support for -z noreloc-overflow in the x86-64 ELF linker to disable
299  relocation overflow check.
300
301* Add -z common/-z nocommon options for ELF targets to control whether to
302  convert common symbols to the STT_COMMON type during a relocatable link.
303
304* Support for -z nodynamic-undefined-weak in the x86 ELF linker, which
305  avoids dynamic relocations against undefined weak symbols in executable.
306
307* The NOCROSSREFSTO command was added to the linker script language.
308
309* Add --no-apply-dynamic-relocs to the AArch64 linker to do not apply link-time
310  values for dynamic relocations.
311
312Changes in 2.26:
313
314* Add --fix-stm32l4xx-629360 to the ARM linker to enable a link-time
315  workaround for a bug in the bus matrix / memory controller for some of
316  the STM32 Cortex-M4 based products (STM32L4xx)
317
318* Add a configure option --enable-compressed-debug-sections={all,ld} to
319  decide whether DWARF debug sections should be compressed by default.
320
321* Add support for the ARC EM/HS, and ARC600/700 architectures.
322
323* Experimental support for linker garbage collection (--gc-sections)
324  has been enabled for COFF and PE based targets.
325
326* New command-line option for ELF targets to compress DWARF debug
327  sections, --compress-debug-sections=[none|zlib|zlib-gnu|zlib-gabi].
328
329* New command-line option, --orphan-handling=[place|warn|error|discard], to
330  adjust how orphan sections are handled.  The default is 'place' which gives
331  the current behaviour, 'warn' and 'error' issue a warning or error
332  respectively when orphan sections are found, and 'discard' will discard all
333  orphan sections.
334
335* Add support for LLVM plugin.
336
337* Add --print-memory-usage option to report memory blocks usage.
338
339* Add --require-defined option, it's like --undefined except the new symbol
340  must be defined by the end of the link.
341
342Changes in 2.25:
343
344* PE binaries now once again contain real timestamps by default.  To disable
345  the inclusion of a timestamp in a PE binary, use the --no-insert-timestamp
346  command-line option.
347
348* Replace support for openrisc and or32 with support for or1k.
349
350* Add support for the --build-id command-line option to COFF based targets.
351
352* x86/x86_64 pe-coff now supports the --build-id option.
353
354* Add support for the Andes NDS32.
355
356Changes in 2.24:
357
358* Add LOG2CEIL() builtin function to the linker script language
359
360* Add support for the Texas Instruments MSP430X processor.
361
362* Add support for Altera Nios II.
363
364* Add support for the V850E3V5 architecture.
365
366* Add support for the Imagination Technologies Meta processor.
367
368* --enable-new-dtags no longer generates old dtags in addition to new dtags.
369
370* Remove linker support for MIPS ECOFF targets.
371
372* Add ALIGN_WITH_INPUT to the linker script language to force the alignment of
373  an output section to use the maximum alignment of all its input sections.
374
375Changes in 2.23:
376
377* Enable compressed debug section feature for x86/x86_64 pe-coff.
378
379* Add support for the 64-bit ARM architecture: AArch64.
380
381* Added SORT_NONE to the linker script language to disable section sorting.
382
383* Add a linker-provided symbol when producing ELF output, '__ehdr_start'
384  to point to the ELF file header (and nearby program headers) in the
385  program's memory image.
386
387* Add support for S12X processor.
388
389* Add support for the VLE extension to the PowerPC architecture.
390
391* Add support for the Freescale XGATE architecture.
392
393* Add option -f FILE on AIX (for response file).
394
395* Add support for the Renesas RL78 architecture.
396
397* Add support for the Adapteva EPIPHANY architecture.
398
399Changes in 2.22:
400
401* --copy-dt-needed-entries is no longer enabled by default.  Instead
402  --no-copy-dt-needed-entries is the default.
403
404* INPUT_SECTION_FLAGS has been added to the linker script language
405  to allow selection of input sections by section header section flags.
406
407* Add support for the Tilera TILEPro and TILE-Gx architectures.
408
409* Added SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY to the linker script language to permit
410  sorting sections by numerical value of the GCC init_priority attribute
411  encoded in the section name.
412
413Changes in 2.21:
414
415* Linker script expression evaluation is somewhat more sane.  This may
416  break scripts that depend on quirks of the old expression evaluation.
417
418* Turn off underscoring for x86_64 PE+-COFF targets.  For old behavior the
419  option --enable-leading-mingw64-underscores can be used on configure of
420  bfd.
421
422* Add support for the TMS320C6000 (TI C6X) processor family.
423
424* --add-needed renamed to --copy-dt-needed-entries in order to avoid confusion
425  with --as-needed option.
426
427* Extend .def file syntax by '== <ID>' for imports and exports. This allows
428  to alias the import/export table name written in PE image.
429
430* Add --exclude-all-symbols option to PE based linkers.  This prevents all
431  symbols from automatically being exported.
432
433* Add support for the Renesas RX processor.
434
435* Add support for alpha-vms target.
436
437Changes in 2.20:
438
439* GNU/Linux targets now support the STB_GNU_UNIQUE symbol binding.  This is a
440  GNU extension to the standard set of ELF symbol bindings.  The binding will
441  be passed on to the dynamic linker which will make sure that in the entire
442  process there is just one symbol with the given name and type in use.
443
444* PE targets now support a GNU extension to allow the alignment of common
445  common symbols to be specified.  This support uses custom options in
446  the .drectve section, which will be disregarded by the native tools.
447
448* PE targets now add primitive support for ELF version scripts; symbols
449  are not versioned, but the local and global symbol visibility directives
450  are respected when filtering symbols in auto-export mode.
451
452* New option --no-export-dynamic to undo the effect of the -E and
453  --export-dynamic options.
454
455* ELF: --warn-alternate-em option to warn if an object has alternate
456  ELF machine code.
457
458* New script function REGION_ALIAS to add alias names to memory regions.
459
460* PE targets no longer make use of the long section names PE extension to
461  the COFF format when generating executable images, by default.  The old
462  (slightly non-conformant) behaviour can still be invoked by using the
463  new '--enable-long-section-names' command-line option.  It is also enabled
464  automatically in the presence of un-stripped debug information, as GDB
465  needs to be able to find the debug info sections by their full names.
466
467* For GNU/Linux systems the linker will now avoid processing any relocations
468  made against symbols of the STT_GNU_IFUNC type and instead emit them into
469  the resulting binary for processing by the loader.
470
471* --as-needed now links in a dynamic library if it satisfies undefined
472  symbols in regular objects, or in other dynamic libraries.  In the
473  latter case the library is not linked if it is found in a DT_NEEDED
474  entry of one of the libraries already linked.
475
476* Add a new command-line option, -Ttext-segment ADDR, for ELF targets
477  to set the address of the first byte of the text segment.
478
479* Add support for Sunplus score architecture.
480
481* Add new option --use-nul-prefixed-import-tables to ld for PE targets to
482  allow fallback to old import table generation with null element prefix.
483
484* Windows PE systems now support a new --exclude-modules-for-implib option,
485  allowing users to partition object files and archive members between a DLL
486  and its associated import library as they are generated during linking.
487
488* Add support for Lattice Mico32 (lm32) architecture.
489
490* Add CR16 ELF --embedded-relocs (used to embedded relocations into binaries
491  for Embedded-PIC code) option.
492
493* Add to the PE/PE+ targets the support of two different kinds of
494  pseudo-relocations.  They can be selected by the switches
495  --enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc-v1 and --enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc-v2.
496  For the switch --enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc it uses for 32-bit
497  runtime pseudo relocation version one, for 64-bit the version two.
498
499Changes in 2.19:
500
501* Linker scripts support a new INSERT command that makes it easier to
502  augment the default script.
503
504* Linker script input section filespecs may now specify a file within an
505  archive by writing "archive:file".
506
507* The --sort-common switch now has an optional argument which specifies the
508  direction of sorting.
509
510* The M68K linker now supports multiple GOT generation schemes controlled via
511  the --got=<type> command-line option.
512
513* The ARM EABI linker will now generate stubs for function calls to symbols
514  that are too far away.  The placement of the stubs is controlled by a new
515  linker command-line option: --stub-group-size=N.
516
517Changes in 2.18:
518
519* Linker sources now released under version 3 of the GNU General Public
520  License.
521
522* ELF: New --build-id option to generate a unique per-binary identifier
523  embedded in a note section.
524
525* Added support for National Semicondutor CompactRISC (ie CR16) target.
526
527* -l:foo now searches the library path for a filename called foo,
528  without converting it to libfoo.a or libfoo.so.
529
530* Add a new command-line option '--default-script=FILE' or '-dT FILE'
531  which specifies a replacement for the built in, default linker
532  script.
533
534* ELF: Add -Bsymbolic-functions, --dynamic-list-cpp-new, which puts C++
535  operator new and delete on the dynamic list, and --dynamic-list-data,
536  builtin list for --dynamic-list, which puts global data symbols on the
537  dynamic list.
538
539* Add support for x86_64 PE+ target.
540
541* Add support for Score target.
542
543* ELF: Add --dynamic-list option to specify a list of global symbols
544  whose references shouldn't be bound to the definition within the
545  shared library, or a list of symbols which should be added to the
546  symbol table in the executable.
547
548* The default output section LMA has changed for allocatable sections from
549  being equal to VMA, to keeping the difference between LMA and VMA the same as
550  the previous output section in the same region.  This is a more useful
551  default when using overlays and other cases where you specify an LMA
552  differing from the VMA for some sections.
553
554* New switch: --print-gc-sections to list any sections removed by garabge
555  collection.
556
557* ARM: Added --vfp11-denorm-fix option to work around an erratum in current
558  VFP11 coprocessors.
559
560Changes in 2.17:
561
562* Support for the Infineon XC16X has been added by KPIT Cummins Infosystems.
563
564* Modify the Linux linker search order to better match ld.so search order.
565  Look for DT_NEEDED libraries in paths specified by ld.so.conf before
566  searching the default directories, rather than vice versa.
567  Use $prefix/etc/ld.so.conf if it exists, otherwise /etc/ld.so.conf.
568
569* PE-COFF: Forward exports from DLL's can now be specified in .def files
570  passed directly to ld.
571
572* Support for the Z80 processor family has been added.
573
574* Add support for the "@<file>" syntax to the command line, so that extra
575  switches can be read from <file>.
576
577Changes in 2.16:
578
579* Support for the R_ARM_V4BX relocation as defined in the ARM AAELF
580  specification has been added via the --fix-v4bx command-line option.
581
582* New linker script construct AS_NEEDED(), which sets the --as-needed flag
583  for input files listed inside of it.
584
585* A new command-line option, --sysroot, can be used to override the
586  default sysroot location.  It only applies to toolchains that were
587  configured using --with-sysroot.
588
589* New linker script functions: ORIGIN() and LENGTH() which return information
590  about a specified memory region.
591
592* Port to MAXQ processor contributed by HCL Tech.
593
594* Added SEGMENT_START to the linker script language to permit the user to
595  override the base address for a segment from the command-line.
596
597* ELF: --warn-shared-textrel option to warn if adding a DT_TEXTREL to a shared
598  object.
599
600* Added SORT_BY_NAME and SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT to the linker script
601  language to permit sorting sections by section name or section
602  maximum alignment.
603
604* Added a new linker command-line switch, --sort-section name|alignment,
605  to sort sections by section name or maximum alignment.
606
607* ELF: --add-needed/--no-add-needed options to control if a DT_NEEDED tag
608  should be added when a shared library comes from DT_NEEDED tags.
609
610* Support for the crx-elf target added.
611
612* Support for the sh-symbianelf target added.
613
614* A new linker command-line switch has been added which allows the hash table
615  size to be set to a suitable prime value near to its argument.  This switch
616  is --hash-size=<NUMBER>.  Also if the switch --reduce-memory-overheads is
617  used, and --hash-size has not been used, then the default value will be set
618  to 1021.
619
620* Linker map files are now generated with an O(N) algorithm for finding symbols
621  that are defined in each section.  This uses about 40% more memory for
622  symbols than the old O(N^2) algorithm.  You can use the new
623  --reduce-memory-overheads option to select the old algorithm; this option
624  might also be used in the future to select similar tradeoffs.
625
626Changes in 2.15:
627
628* ELF: --as-needed/--no-as-needed options to control if a DT_NEEDED tag should
629  be added only when a shared library is referenced.
630
631* PE: --large-address-aware option to indicate executables support virtual
632  addresses greater than 2 gigabytes.
633
634* DWARF 2 support for i386pe added.
635
636* The linker script operator DEFINED() will now yield 1 only for a symbol that
637  is defined before the statement where DEFINED is used.
638
639* The MIPS --embedded-relocs (used to embed relocations into binaries for
640  Embedded-PIC code) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
641
642* cr16c support added by NSC.
643
644* m32r Linux (ELF) support added by Renesas.
645
646* Improved linker's handling of unresolved symbols.  The switch
647  --unresolved-symbols=<method> has been added to tell the linker when it
648  should report them and the switch --warn-unresolved-symbols has been added to
649  make reports be issued as warning messages rather than errors.
650
651Changes in 2.14:
652
653* Added support for Xtensa architecture.
654
655* Added --with-sysroot configure switch to specify a target system root, for
656  linking against a target filesystem image.
657
658* Added --accept-unknown-linker-format to restore old linker behaviour (pre
659  2.14) of silently accepting and linking in any files in an unknown binary
660  file format.
661
662* Added --no-omagic to undo the effects of the -N option.
663
664* Support for Texas Instruments TMS320C4x and TMS320C3x series of
665  DSP's contributed by Michael Hayes and Svein E. Seldal.
666
667* Added --with-lib-path configure switch to specify default value for
668  LIB_PATH.
669
670* ARM port to QNX operating system added by Graeme Peterson.
671
672* IP2K support added by Denis Chertykov.
673
674Changes in 2.13:
675
676* Support for the Fujitsu FRV architecture added by Red Hat. Models for FR400
677  and FR500 included.
678
679Changes in version 2.13:
680
681* DEC VAX ELF support, by Matt Thomas.
682
683Changes in version 2.12:
684
685* Support for Don Knuth's MMIX, by Hans-Peter Nilsson.
686
687* Support for the OpenRISC 32-bit embedded processor by OpenCores.
688
689* Support for -z nocopyreloc in the x86 ELF linker, which disables
690  production of copy relocs.  Warning: using this option may result in
691  non-sharable applications.
692
693* Support for -z combreloc in the ELF linker, which puts dynamic
694  relocations against the same symbol together, so that dynamic linker
695  can use an one-entry symbol lookup cache.
696
697* Support for ELF SHF_MERGE section merging, by Jakub Jelinek.
698
699Changes in version 2.11:
700
701* Support for AMD x86-64 architecture, by Jan Hubicka, SuSE Labs.
702
703* Support added for eliminating duplicate DWARF2 debug information by
704  having the compiler generate the information in sections called
705  .gnu.linkonce.wi.XXXX where XXXX is a checksum for the contents.  The
706  linker then merges these sections together into the normal .debug_info
707  section.
708
709* The native ELF linker now searches the directories in DT_RUNPATH or
710  DT_RPATH of a shared library for shared libraries needed by it.
711
712* TI C54x support, by Timothy Wall.
713
714* Added command-line switch --section-start to set the start address of any
715  specified section.
716
717* Added ability to emit full relocation information in linked executables,
718  enabled by --emit-relocs.  Some post-linkage optimization tools need
719  this information in order to be able to correctly identify and perform
720  symbol relative addressing in the event of changes in section contents
721  (instructions being added or deleted, extending data sections, etc.)
722
723* Support for i860, by Jason Eckhardt (preliminary, alpha quality).
724
725* Support for CRIS (Axis Communications ETRAX series).
726
727* Support for PDP-11 and 2.11BSD a.out format, by Lars Brinkhoff.
728
729Changes in version 2.10:
730
731* Added AT> to the linker script language to allow load-time allocation of
732  sections into regions.
733
734* Added garbage collection of unused sections, enabled by --gc-sections.
735  It does require a bit of backend support; currently implemented are
736  arm-elf, avr-elf, d10v-elf, fr30-elf, i386-elf, m32r-elf, m68k-elf,
737  mcore-elf, mips-elf, mn10300-elf, ppc-elf, sh-elf, sparc-elf, and v850-elf.
738  Others will ignore the option.
739
740* Added SORT to the linker script language to permit sorting sections by file
741  name or section name.
742
743* Added EXTERN to the linker script language as an equivalent to the -u
744  command-line option.
745
746* Added ASSERT to the linker script language.
747
748* Added EXCLUDE_FILE to the linker script language for further control over
749  wildcard file names.
750
751* Added -O option to optimize linker output (as of this writing, this only
752  affects ELF shared library generation).
753
754* The -e option now accepts a number as well as a symbol name.
755
756* Added --no-undefined option to disallow undefined symbols when creating a
757  shared library.
758
759* The linker now issues a warning, not an error, for an undefined symbol when
760  using -Bsymbolic; use the new --no-undefined option to get the old
761  behaviour.
762
763* Added --demangle and --no-demangle options.
764
765Changes in version 2.9:
766
767* Added SQUAD to the linker script language.
768
769* New option --no-warn-mismatch.
770
771* The MEMORY command now parses the attributes to determine where sections that
772  are not placed in a specific memory region are placed.
773
774Changes in version 2.8:
775
776* Linker scripts may now contain shell wildcard characters for file and section
777  names.
778
779* The linker now supports symbol versions in ELF.
780
781* The NOCROSSREFS command was added to the linker script language.
782
783* The LOADADDR expression was added to the linker script language.
784
785* MAX and MIN functions were added to the linker script language.
786
787* The OVERLAY construct was added to the linker script language.
788
789* New option --warn-section-align to warn when the address of an output section
790  changes due to alignment of an input section.
791
792* New options --filter/-F and --auxiliary/-f.
793
794Changes in version 2.7:
795
796* New option --cref to print out a cross reference table.
797
798* New option --wrap SYMBOL.
799
800* New option --no-whole-archive, to turn off the effect of --whole-archive.
801
802* Input sections assigned to the output section /DISCARD/ in the linker script
803  are not included in the output file.
804
805* The SunOS and ELF linkers now merge stabs debugging information which uses
806  the N_BINCL and N_EINCL stab types.  This reduces the amount of debugging
807  information generated.
808
809Changes in version 2.6:
810
811* When an ELF section name is representable as a C identifier (this is not true
812of most ELF section names), the linker will automatically define symbols
813__start_SECNAME and __stop_SECNAME, where SECNAME is the section name, at the
814beginning and the end of the section.  This is used by glibc.
815
816  Addendum: Current versions of the linker (at least for version 2.18 onwards
817and possibly much earlier as well) place two restrictions on this feature:  The
818symbols are only implemented for orphaned sections, not for explicitly placed
819sections and they are PROVIDEd rather than being defined.
820
821* When an ELF section named .gnu.warning is encountered in an input file, the
822contents of the section are displayed as an error message, and the section is
823not copied into the output file.  This is used by glibc.
824
825* When an ELF section named .gnu.warning.SYMBOL is encountered in an input
826file, and the symbol SYMBOL is referenced by some object file, the contents of
827the section are displayed as an error message.  The section is not copied into
828the output file, unless doing a relocatable or shared link.  This is used by
829glibc.
830
831* New options -split-by-reloc and -split-by-file.
832
833* The linker now supports linking PIC compiled code on SPARC SunOS.  It can
834also create SPARC SunOS shared libraries, and, like the native SunOS linker,
835will do so whenever there is an undefined symbol in the link and neither the -e
836nor the -r option was used.
837
838* The -rpath option may be used on SunOS to set the list of directories to be
839searched at run time.  This overrides the default of building the list from the
840-L options.
841
842* The COFF linker now combines debugging information for structs, unions, and
843enums, so that even if the same type is defined in multiple input files it will
844only be defined once in the output file.  The --traditional-format switch will
845prevent this optimization.
846
847Changes in version 2.5:
848
849* The linker now supports linking against SunOS shared libraries.  It still can
850not link SunOS PIC (Position Independent Code) files, so it can not be used to
851generate shared libraries.
852
853* The linker now supports linking against ELF shared libraries for the i386
854(UnixWare) and SPARC (Solaris).  It can also link ELF PIC files, and can be
855used to generate shared libraries.  Shared library generation is not well
856tested; please report any problems encountered.  The linker is now enabled for
857Solaris again.
858
859* Eric Youngdale has contributed Linux support code, including linking against
860Linux a.out shared libraries.  The linker produces Linux QMAGIC binaries.
861
862* The ELF backend has been converted to the new linker code.  To use the new
863ELF linker, each particular target requires a relocation function.  So far,
864this function has been written for i386 (UnixWare), SPARC (Solaris) MIPS (Irix
8655), and HPPA ELF targets.
866
867* The -( (--start-group) and -) (--end-group) options have been added to
868support searching a group of archives as though they were a single archive.
869This can also be used in a linker script, as GROUP ( files ).
870
871* When a file is named on the command line, and the linker does not recognize
872it as an object file, the linker will now treat the file as a linker script
873file.  A linker script named in this way augments, but does not replace, the
874default linker script.
875
876* The -warn-once option was added.  It causes the linker to only warn once per
877undefined symbol, rather than once per reference.
878
879* The COFF backend has been converted to the new linker code.  As with ELF, to
880use the new linker, each particular target requires a relocation function.  So
881far, this function has been written for the i386, m68k, a29k and SH targets.
882
883* The -V flag was made a synonym for -v, for SVR4 compatibility.  The old -V
884behaviour is available via --verbose.
885
886Changes in version 2.4:
887
888* New linker code, by Steve Chamberlain and Ian Taylor.  For a.out and ecoff
889  formats (so far), this should result in considerable savings in time
890  and memory used while linking; slightly poorer performance than
891  before for formats not converted yet.
892
893* Command-line parsing is no longer done with flex.  This means
894  oddball characters in filenames won't get treated as argument
895  separators.
896
897* HP-PA ELF support, by Jeff Law.  (No SOM support yet.)
898
899* Mach i386 support, by David Mackenzie.
900
901* Irix 4 shared libraries are now supported (Irix 5 uses ELF, and ELF shared
902  libraries are not yet supported).
903
904* COFF shared libraries (as on SCO) should work as well.
905
906* The linker is disabled for Solaris.  (Actually, it was in 2.3 also, I just
907  forgot to note it.)  Some of their C library routines don't work when
908  statically linked, and the GNU linker doesn't support dynamic linking yet.
909
910Changes in version 2.3:
911
912* Weak symbols are now supported.
913
914* ELF support has been added.  The linker has been bootstrapped on
915  UnixWare and Solaris.
916
917* Alpha OSF/1 support has been added (non dynamic linking only).
918
919Changes in version 2.2:
920
921* The `bfd' library has been updated to reduce a.out-format string
922  table size.  The effect of this is that files linked from many input
923  files with duplicate symbols (`-g' debugging records, or identical
924  static symbols) should be much smaller.
925
926Changes in version 2.1:
927
928* The ld -ySYMBOL flag (to trace references to SYMBOL) is now implemented.
929
930* There is now support for writing ECOFF files, so ld and the
931  other utilities should work on Risc/Ultrix and Irix.
932
933
934Copyright (C) 2012-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
935
936Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
937are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
938notice and this notice are preserved.
939
940Local variables:
941fill-column: 79
942End:
943