xref: /llvm-project/libcxx/include/__iterator/bounded_iter.h (revision 9f471fd12b9e2d6264f27974feaf893445e92393)
1 // -*- C++ -*-
2 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
3 //
4 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
5 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
6 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7 //
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 
10 #ifndef _LIBCPP___ITERATOR_BOUNDED_ITER_H
11 #define _LIBCPP___ITERATOR_BOUNDED_ITER_H
12 
13 #include <__assert>
14 #include <__compare/ordering.h>
15 #include <__compare/three_way_comparable.h>
16 #include <__config>
17 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
18 #include <__memory/pointer_traits.h>
19 #include <__type_traits/conjunction.h>
20 #include <__type_traits/disjunction.h>
21 #include <__type_traits/enable_if.h>
22 #include <__type_traits/integral_constant.h>
23 #include <__type_traits/is_convertible.h>
24 #include <__type_traits/is_same.h>
25 #include <__type_traits/make_const_lvalue_ref.h>
26 #include <__utility/move.h>
27 
28 #if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
29 #  pragma GCC system_header
30 #endif
31 
32 _LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
33 #include <__undef_macros>
34 
35 _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
36 
37 // Iterator wrapper that carries the valid range it is allowed to access.
38 //
39 // This is a simple iterator wrapper for contiguous iterators that points
40 // within a [begin, end] range and carries these bounds with it. The iterator
41 // ensures that it is pointing within [begin, end) range when it is
42 // dereferenced. It also ensures that it is never iterated outside of
43 // [begin, end]. This is important for two reasons:
44 //
45 // 1. It allows `operator*` and `operator++` bounds checks to be `iter != end`.
46 //    This is both less for the optimizer to prove, and aligns with how callers
47 //    typically use iterators.
48 //
49 // 2. Advancing an iterator out of bounds is undefined behavior (see the table
50 //    in [input.iterators]). In particular, when the underlying iterator is a
51 //    pointer, it is undefined at the language level (see [expr.add]). If
52 //    bounded iterators exhibited this undefined behavior, we risk compiler
53 //    optimizations deleting non-redundant bounds checks.
54 template <class _Iterator>
55 struct __bounded_iter {
56   static_assert(__libcpp_is_contiguous_iterator<_Iterator>::value,
57                 "Only contiguous iterators can be adapted by __bounded_iter.");
58 
59   using value_type        = typename iterator_traits<_Iterator>::value_type;
60   using difference_type   = typename iterator_traits<_Iterator>::difference_type;
61   using pointer           = typename iterator_traits<_Iterator>::pointer;
62   using reference         = typename iterator_traits<_Iterator>::reference;
63   using iterator_category = typename iterator_traits<_Iterator>::iterator_category;
64 #if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 20
65   using iterator_concept = contiguous_iterator_tag;
66 #endif
67 
68   // Create a singular iterator.
69   //
70   // Such an iterator points past the end of an empty range, so it is not dereferenceable.
71   // Operations like comparison and assignment are valid.
72   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __bounded_iter() = default;
73 
74   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __bounded_iter(__bounded_iter const&) = default;
75   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __bounded_iter(__bounded_iter&&)      = default;
76 
77   template < class _OtherIterator,
78              __enable_if_t<
79                  _And< is_convertible<const _OtherIterator&, _Iterator>,
80                        _Or<is_same<reference, __iter_reference<_OtherIterator> >,
81                            is_same<reference, __make_const_lvalue_ref<__iter_reference<_OtherIterator> > > > >::value,
82                  int> = 0>
83   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR __bounded_iter(__bounded_iter<_OtherIterator> const& __other) _NOEXCEPT
84       : __current_(__other.__current_),
85         __begin_(__other.__begin_),
86         __end_(__other.__end_) {}
87 
88   // Assign a bounded iterator to another one, rebinding the bounds of the iterator as well.
89   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __bounded_iter& operator=(__bounded_iter const&) = default;
90   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __bounded_iter& operator=(__bounded_iter&&)      = default;
91 
92 private:
93   // Create an iterator wrapping the given iterator, and whose bounds are described
94   // by the provided [begin, end] range.
95   //
96   // The constructor does not check whether the resulting iterator is within its bounds. It is a
97   // responsibility of the container to ensure that the given bounds are valid.
98   //
99   // Since it is non-standard for iterators to have this constructor, __bounded_iter must
100   // be created via `std::__make_bounded_iter`.
101   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
102   _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 explicit __bounded_iter(_Iterator __current, _Iterator __begin, _Iterator __end)
103       : __current_(__current), __begin_(__begin), __end_(__end) {
104     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(
105         __begin <= __current, "__bounded_iter(current, begin, end): current and begin are inconsistent");
106     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(
107         __current <= __end, "__bounded_iter(current, begin, end): current and end are inconsistent");
108   }
109 
110   template <class _It>
111   friend _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR __bounded_iter<_It> __make_bounded_iter(_It, _It, _It);
112 
113 public:
114   // Dereference and indexing operations.
115   //
116   // These operations check that the iterator is dereferenceable. Since the class invariant is
117   // that the iterator is always within `[begin, end]`, we only need to check it's not pointing to
118   // `end`. This is easier for the optimizer because it aligns with the `iter != container.end()`
119   // checks that typical callers already use (see
120   // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/78829).
121   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 reference operator*() const _NOEXCEPT {
122     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
123         __current_ != __end_, "__bounded_iter::operator*: Attempt to dereference an iterator at the end");
124     return *__current_;
125   }
126 
127   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 pointer operator->() const _NOEXCEPT {
128     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
129         __current_ != __end_, "__bounded_iter::operator->: Attempt to dereference an iterator at the end");
130     return std::__to_address(__current_);
131   }
132 
133   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 reference operator[](difference_type __n) const _NOEXCEPT {
134     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
135         __n >= __begin_ - __current_, "__bounded_iter::operator[]: Attempt to index an iterator past the start");
136     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
137         __n < __end_ - __current_, "__bounded_iter::operator[]: Attempt to index an iterator at or past the end");
138     return __current_[__n];
139   }
140 
141   // Arithmetic operations.
142   //
143   // These operations check that the iterator remains within `[begin, end]`.
144   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 __bounded_iter& operator++() _NOEXCEPT {
145     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
146         __current_ != __end_, "__bounded_iter::operator++: Attempt to advance an iterator past the end");
147     ++__current_;
148     return *this;
149   }
150   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 __bounded_iter operator++(int) _NOEXCEPT {
151     __bounded_iter __tmp(*this);
152     ++*this;
153     return __tmp;
154   }
155 
156   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 __bounded_iter& operator--() _NOEXCEPT {
157     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
158         __current_ != __begin_, "__bounded_iter::operator--: Attempt to rewind an iterator past the start");
159     --__current_;
160     return *this;
161   }
162   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 __bounded_iter operator--(int) _NOEXCEPT {
163     __bounded_iter __tmp(*this);
164     --*this;
165     return __tmp;
166   }
167 
168   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 __bounded_iter& operator+=(difference_type __n) _NOEXCEPT {
169     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
170         __n >= __begin_ - __current_, "__bounded_iter::operator+=: Attempt to rewind an iterator past the start");
171     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
172         __n <= __end_ - __current_, "__bounded_iter::operator+=: Attempt to advance an iterator past the end");
173     __current_ += __n;
174     return *this;
175   }
176   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 friend __bounded_iter
177   operator+(__bounded_iter const& __self, difference_type __n) _NOEXCEPT {
178     __bounded_iter __tmp(__self);
179     __tmp += __n;
180     return __tmp;
181   }
182   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 friend __bounded_iter
183   operator+(difference_type __n, __bounded_iter const& __self) _NOEXCEPT {
184     __bounded_iter __tmp(__self);
185     __tmp += __n;
186     return __tmp;
187   }
188 
189   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 __bounded_iter& operator-=(difference_type __n) _NOEXCEPT {
190     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
191         __n <= __current_ - __begin_, "__bounded_iter::operator-=: Attempt to rewind an iterator past the start");
192     _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
193         __n >= __current_ - __end_, "__bounded_iter::operator-=: Attempt to advance an iterator past the end");
194     __current_ -= __n;
195     return *this;
196   }
197   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 friend __bounded_iter
198   operator-(__bounded_iter const& __self, difference_type __n) _NOEXCEPT {
199     __bounded_iter __tmp(__self);
200     __tmp -= __n;
201     return __tmp;
202   }
203   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 friend difference_type
204   operator-(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT {
205     return __x.__current_ - __y.__current_;
206   }
207 
208   // Comparison operations.
209   //
210   // These operations do not check whether the iterators are within their bounds.
211   // The valid range for each iterator is also not considered as part of the comparison,
212   // i.e. two iterators pointing to the same location will be considered equal even
213   // if they have different validity ranges.
214   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR friend bool
215   operator==(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT {
216     return __x.__current_ == __y.__current_;
217   }
218 
219 #if _LIBCPP_STD_VER <= 17
220   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR friend bool
221   operator!=(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT {
222     return __x.__current_ != __y.__current_;
223   }
224 
225   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR friend bool
226   operator<(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT {
227     return __x.__current_ < __y.__current_;
228   }
229   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR friend bool
230   operator>(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT {
231     return __x.__current_ > __y.__current_;
232   }
233   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR friend bool
234   operator<=(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT {
235     return __x.__current_ <= __y.__current_;
236   }
237   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR friend bool
238   operator>=(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) _NOEXCEPT {
239     return __x.__current_ >= __y.__current_;
240   }
241 
242 #else
243   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr friend strong_ordering
244   operator<=>(__bounded_iter const& __x, __bounded_iter const& __y) noexcept {
245     if constexpr (three_way_comparable<_Iterator, strong_ordering>) {
246       return __x.__current_ <=> __y.__current_;
247     } else {
248       if (__x.__current_ < __y.__current_)
249         return strong_ordering::less;
250 
251       if (__x.__current_ == __y.__current_)
252         return strong_ordering::equal;
253 
254       return strong_ordering::greater;
255     }
256   }
257 #endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 20
258 
259 private:
260   template <class>
261   friend struct pointer_traits;
262   template <class>
263   friend struct __bounded_iter;
264   _Iterator __current_;       // current iterator
265   _Iterator __begin_, __end_; // valid range represented as [begin, end]
266 };
267 
268 template <class _It>
269 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR __bounded_iter<_It> __make_bounded_iter(_It __it, _It __begin, _It __end) {
270   return __bounded_iter<_It>(std::move(__it), std::move(__begin), std::move(__end));
271 }
272 
273 #if _LIBCPP_STD_VER <= 17
274 template <class _Iterator>
275 struct __libcpp_is_contiguous_iterator<__bounded_iter<_Iterator> > : true_type {};
276 #endif
277 
278 template <class _Iterator>
279 struct pointer_traits<__bounded_iter<_Iterator> > {
280   using pointer         = __bounded_iter<_Iterator>;
281   using element_type    = typename pointer_traits<_Iterator>::element_type;
282   using difference_type = typename pointer_traits<_Iterator>::difference_type;
283 
284   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR static element_type* to_address(pointer __it) _NOEXCEPT {
285     return std::__to_address(__it.__current_);
286   }
287 };
288 
289 _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
290 
291 _LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
292 
293 #endif // _LIBCPP___ITERATOR_BOUNDED_ITER_H
294