xref: /llvm-project/libcxx/docs/DesignDocs/ThreadingSupportAPI.rst (revision c6f3b7bcd0596d30f8dabecdfb9e44f9a07b6e4c)
1=====================
2Threading Support API
3=====================
4
5.. contents::
6   :local:
7
8Overview
9========
10
11Libc++ supports using multiple different threading models and configurations
12to implement the threading parts of libc++, including ``<thread>`` and ``<mutex>``.
13These different models provide entirely different interfaces from each
14other. To address this libc++ wraps the underlying threading API in a new and
15consistent API, which it uses internally to implement threading primitives.
16
17The ``<__thread/support.h>`` header is where libc++ defines its internal
18threading interface. It documents the functions and declarations required
19to fullfil the internal threading interface.
20
21External Threading API and the ``<__external_threading>`` header
22================================================================
23
24In order to support vendors with custom threading API's libc++ allows the
25entire internal threading interface to be provided by an external,
26vendor provided, header.
27
28When ``_LIBCPP_HAS_THREAD_API_EXTERNAL`` is defined the ``<__thread/support.h>``
29header simply forwards to the ``<__external_threading>`` header (which must exist).
30It is expected that the ``<__external_threading>`` header provide the exact
31interface normally provided by ``<__thread/support.h>``.
32
33External Threading Library
34==========================
35
36libc++ can be compiled with its internal threading API delegating to an external
37library. Such a configuration is useful for library vendors who wish to
38distribute a thread-agnostic libc++ library, where the users of the library are
39expected to provide the implementation of the libc++ internal threading API.
40
41On a production setting, this would be achieved through a custom
42``<__external_threading>`` header, which declares the libc++ internal threading
43API but leaves out the implementation.
44
45Threading Configuration Macros
46==============================
47
48**_LIBCPP_HAS_THREADS**
49  This macro is set to 1 when libc++ is built with threading support. Otherwise
50  it is set to 0. It should not be manually defined by the user.
51
52**_LIBCPP_HAS_THREAD_API_EXTERNAL**
53  This macro is defined when libc++ should use the ``<__external_threading>``
54  header to provide the internal threading API. This macro overrides
55  ``_LIBCPP_HAS_THREAD_API_PTHREAD``.
56
57**_LIBCPP_HAS_THREAD_API_PTHREAD**
58  This macro is defined when libc++ should use POSIX threads to implement the
59  internal threading API.
60
61**_LIBCPP_HAS_THREAD_API_C11**
62  This macro is defined when libc++ should use C11 threads to implement the
63  internal threading API.
64
65**_LIBCPP_HAS_THREAD_API_WIN32**
66  This macro is defined when libc++ should use Win32 threads to implement the
67  internal threading API.
68