newer file1 file2
-d True if the file exists and is a directory.
-e True if the file exists.
-f True if the file exists and is a regular file.
-r True if the file exists and is readable.
-s True if the file exists and has non-zero size.
-t True if the open file represented by the number arg represents the same file as /dev/cons .
-w True if the file exists and is writable.
-x True if the file exists and is executable.
Newer checks whether file1 exists and is no older than file2 , which must also exist; if so, it yields a true exit status. Otherwise, it yields an error status. Neither file may be a directory.
Checking for read, write and execute capabilities is speculative - the file server has the last say. Group permissions are ignored.