1.\" Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California. 2.\" All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" %sccs.include.redist.man% 5.\" 6.\" @(#)hier.7 6.2 (Berkeley) 06/24/90 7.\" 8.Dd 9.Dt HIER 7 10.Os BSD 4.4 11.Sh NAME 12.Nm hier 13.Nd layout of filesystems 14.Sh DESCRIPTION 15A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 16.Dw Fl 17.Di L 18.Dp Li / 19root directory of the filesystem 20.Dp Li /bin/ 21user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 22.Dp Li /dev/ 23block and character device files 24.Dw Fl 25.Di L 26.Dp Li MAKEDEV 27script for creating device files; see makedev(8) 28.Dp Li fd/ 29file descriptor files; see fd(4) 30.Dp 31.Dp Li /etc/ 32system configuration files and scripts 33.Dw Fl 34.Di L 35.Dp Li localtime 36local timezone information; see ctime(3) 37.Dp Li disklabels/ 38backup disklabels; see disklabel(8) 39.Dp Li kerberosIV/ 40configuration files for the kerberos version IV; see kerberos(1) 41.Dp Li mtree/ 42mtree configuration files; see mtree(1) 43.Dp Li namedb/ 44named configuration files; see named(8) 45.Dp 46.Dp Li /mnt/ 47empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount point 48.Dp Li /sbin/ 49system programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 50.Dp Li /stand/ 51programs used in a standalone environment 52.Dp Li /tmp/ 53temporary files, usually a mfs(8) memory-based filesystem (the contents 54of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot) 55.Dp Li /usr/ 56contains the majority of user utilities and applications 57.Dw Fl 58.Di L 59.Dp Li bin/ 60common utilities, programming tools, and applications 61.Dp Li contrib/ 62large packages contributed to Berkeley by outside parties 63.Dp Li games/ 64useful and semi-frivolous programs 65.Dp Li include/ 66standard C include files 67.Dw Fl 68.Di L 69.Dp Li X11/ 70C include files for X11 window system 71.Dp Li arpa/ 72C include files for Internet service protocols 73.Dp Li kerberosIV/ 74C include files for kerberos authentication package; see kerberos(1) 75.Dp Li machine/ 76machine specific C include files 77.Dp Li net/ 78misc network C include files 79.Dp Li netimp/ 80C include files for IMP protocols; see imp(4) 81.Dp Li netinet/ 82C include files for Internet standard protocols; see inet(4) 83.Dp Li netiso/ 84C include files for ISO standard protocols; see iso(4) 85.Dp Li netns/ 86C include files for XNS standard protocols; see ns(4) 87.Dp Li nfs/ 88C include files for NFS (Network File System) 89.Dp Li pascal/ 90include files for pc(1) 91.Dp Li protocols/ 92C include files for Berkeley service protocols 93.Dp Li sys/ 94system C include files (kernel data structures) 95.Dp Li ufs/ 96C include files for UFS (The U-word File System) 97.Dp 98.Dp Li lib/ 99archive libraries 100.Dw Fl 101.Di L 102.Dp Li uucp/ 103UUCP configuration files (historically placed; to be moved) 104.Dp 105.Dp Li libdata/ 106misc. utility data files 107.Dp Li libexec/ 108system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs) 109.Dp Li local/ 110local executables, libraries, etc. 111.Dp Li obj/ 112architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree 113.Dp Li old/ 114programs from past lives of BSD which may disappear in future 115releases 116.Dp Li sbin/ 117system daemons & system utilities (executed by users) 118.Dp Li share/ 119architecture-independent ascii text files 120.Dw Fl 121.Di L 122.Dp Li calendar/ 123a variety of pre-fab calendar files; see calendar(1) 124.Dp Li dict/ 125word lists; see look(1) 126.Dw Fl 127.Di L 128.Dp Li words 129common words 130.Dp Li web2 131words from Webster's 2nd International 132.Dp Li papers/ 133reference databases; see refer(1) 134.Dp Li special/ 135custom word lists; see spell(1) 136.Dp 137.Dp Li doc/ 138misc documentation; src for most of the printed BSD manuals (available 139from the USENIX association) 140.Dp Li games/ 141ascii text files used by various games 142.Dp Li man/ 143manual pages 144.Dp Li me/ 145macros for use with the me macro package 146.Dp Li misc/ 147misc system-wide ascii text files 148.Dw Fl 149.Di L 150.Dp Li termcap 151terminal characteristics database; see termcap(5) 152.Dp 153.Dp Li mk/ 154templates for make; see make(1) 155.Dp Li ms/ 156macros for use with the ms macro package 157.Dp Li skel/ 158example . (dot) files for new accounts 159.Dp Li tabset/ 160tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 161the termcap file; see termcap(5) 162.Dp Li tmac/ 163text processing macros; see nroff(1) and troff(1) 164.Dp Li zoneinfo/ 165timezone configuration information; see tzfile(5) 166.Dp 167.Dp Li src/ 168BSD and/or local source files 169.Dw Fl 170.Di L 171.Dp Li bin/ 172src for files in /bin 173.Dp Li contrib/ 174src for files in /usr/contrib 175.Dp Li etc/ 176src for files in /etc 177.Dp Li games/ 178src for files in /usr/games 179.Dp Li include/ 180src for files in /usr/include 181.Dp Li kerberosIV/ 182src for kerberos version IV 183.Dp Li lib/ 184src for files in /usr/lib 185.Dp Li libexec/ 186src for files in /usr/libexec 187.Dp Li local/ 188src for files in /usr/local 189.Dp Li old/ 190src for files in /usr/old 191.Dp Li pgrm/ 192src for programming tools in /usr/bin 193.Dp Li sbin/ 194src for files in /sbin 195.Dp Li share/ 196src for files in /usr/share 197.Dp Li sys/ 198kernel src files 199.Dp Li usr.bin/ 200src for files in /usr/bin 201.Dp Li usr.sbin/ 202src for files in /usr/sbin 203.Dp 204.Dp 205.Dp Li /var/ 206multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files 207.Dw Fl 208.Di L 209.Dp Li account/ 210system accounting files 211.Dw Fl 212.Di L 213.Dp Li acct 214execution accounting file; see acct(5) 215.Dp 216.Dp Li at/ 217timed command scheduling files; see at(1) 218.Dp Li backups/ 219misc. backup files 220.Dp Li db/ 221misc. automatically generated system-specific database files 222.Dp Li games/ 223misc. game status and log files 224.Dp Li log/ 225misc. system log files 226.Dw Fl 227.Di L 228.Dp Li wtmp 229login/logout log; see wtmp(5) 230.Dp 231.Dp Li mail/ 232user mailbox files 233.Dp Li preserve/ 234temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 235of an editor; see ex(1) 236.Dp Li quotas/ 237filesystem quota information files 238.Dp Li run/ 239system information files describing various info about 240system since it was booted 241.Dw Fl 242.Di L 243.Dp Li utmp 244database of current users; see utmp(5) 245.Dp 246.Dp Li rwho/ 247rwho data files; see rwhod(8), rwho(1), and ruptime(1) 248.Dp Li spool/ 249misc. printer and mail system spooling directories 250.Dw Fl 251.Di L 252.Dp Li ftp/ 253commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory 254.Dp Li mqueue/ 255undelivered mail queue; see sendmail(8) 256.Dp Li output/ 257line printer spooling directories 258.Dp Li secretmail/ 259secretmail spool directory; see xget(1) 260.Dp Li uucp/ 261uucp spool directory 262.Dp Li uucppublic/ 263commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory 264.Dp 265.Dp Li tmp/ 266temporary files that are kept between system reboots 267.Dp 268.Dp Li /vmunix 269pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 270at boot time). 271.Dp 272.Sh SEE ALSO 273.Xr ls 1 , 274.Xr apropos 1 , 275.Xr whatis 1 , 276.Xr whereis 1 , 277.Xr finger 1 , 278.Xr which 1 , 279.Xr find 1 , 280.Xr grep 1 , 281.Xr fsck 8 282.Sh HISTORY 2834.4 BSD. 284