1.\" $OpenBSD: more.1,v 1.18 2019/08/20 11:34:18 jmc Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 15.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 16.\" without specific prior written permission. 17.\" 18.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 19.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 20.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 21.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 22.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 23.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 24.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 25.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 26.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 27.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 28.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.\" @(#)more.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/18/94 31.\" 32.Dd $Mdocdate: August 20 2019 $ 33.Dt MORE 1 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm more 37.Nd view files 38.Sh SYNOPSIS 39.Nm more 40.Op Fl ceisu 41.Op Fl n Ar number 42.Op Fl p Ar command 43.Op Fl t Ar tag 44.Op Ar 45.Sh DESCRIPTION 46The 47.Nm 48pager displays text one screenful at a time. 49After showing each screenful, it prompts the user for a command. 50Most commands scroll the text or move to a different place 51in the file, while some switch to another file. 52If no 53.Ar file 54is specified, or if 55.Ar file 56is a single dash 57.Pq Ql - , 58the standard input is used. 59.Pp 60When showing the last line of a file, 61.Nm 62displays a prompt indicating end of file and the name of the next file 63to examine, if any. 64It then waits for input from the user. 65Scrolling forward switches to the next file, 66or exits if there is none. 67.Pp 68The options are as follows: 69.Bl -tag -width Ds 70.It Fl c 71When changing the display, paint from the top line down. 72The default is to scroll from the bottom of the screen. 73.It Fl e 74Exit immediately after showing the last line of the last file, 75without prompting the user for a command first. 76.It Fl i 77Ignore case. 78Upper case and lower case are considered identical. 79.It Fl n Ar number 80Page 81.Ar number 82of lines per screenful. 83By default, 84.Nm 85uses the terminal window size. 86.It Fl p Ar command 87Execute the specified 88.Nm 89commands when a file is first examined (or re-examined, such as with the 90.Ic :e 91or 92.Ic :p 93commands). 94Multiple commands have to be concatenated into one single argument. 95Search patterns may contain blank characters and can be terminated 96by newline characters embedded in the 97.Ar command 98argument. 99Any other blank and newline characters contained in the argument are 100interpreted as 101.Ic SPACE 102and 103.Ic RETURN 104commands, respectively. 105.It Fl s 106Squeeze consecutive blank lines into a single blank line. 107.It Fl t Ar tag 108Examine the file containing 109.Ar tag . 110For more information, see 111.Xr ctags 1 . 112.It Fl u 113Display backspaces as control characters 114.Pq Sq ^H 115and leave CR-LF sequences alone. 116By default, 117.Nm 118treats backspaces and CR-LF sequences specially: 119backspaces which appear adjacent to an underscore character are 120displayed as underlined text; 121backspaces which appear between two identical characters are displayed 122as emboldened text; 123and CR-LF sequences are compressed to a single linefeed character. 124.El 125.Sh COMMANDS 126Interactive commands for 127.Nm 128are based on 129.Xr vi 1 . 130Some commands may be preceded by a decimal number, called N in the 131descriptions below. 132In the following descriptions, ^X means control-X. 133.Bl -tag -width Ic 134.It Ic h 135Help: display a summary of these commands. 136.It Ic SPACE | f | ^F 137Scroll forward N lines, default one window. 138If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. 139.It Ic b | ^B 140Scroll backward N lines, default one window (see the 141.Fl n 142option). 143If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. 144.It Ic j | RETURN 145Scroll forward N lines, default 1. 146The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. 147.It Ic k 148Scroll backward N lines, default 1. 149The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. 150.It Ic d | ^D 151Scroll forward N lines, default one half of the screen size. 152If N is specified, it becomes the new default for 153subsequent d and u commands. 154.It Ic u | ^U 155Scroll backward N lines, default one half of the screen size. 156If N is specified, it becomes the new default for 157subsequent d and u commands. 158.It Ic g 159Go to line N in the file, default 1 (beginning of file). 160.It Ic G 161Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file. 162.It Ic r | ^L 163Repaint the screen. 164.It Ic R 165Repaint the screen, discarding any buffered input. 166Useful if the file is changing while it is being viewed. 167.It Ic m 168Followed by any lowercase letter, 169marks the current position with that letter. 170.It Ic ' 171(Single quote.) 172Followed by any lowercase letter, returns to the position which 173was previously marked with that letter. 174Followed by another single quote, returns to the position at 175which the last "large" movement command was executed, or the 176beginning of the file if no such movements have occurred. 177All marks are lost when a new file is examined. 178.It Ic / Ns Ar pattern 179Search forward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. 180N defaults to 1. 181The pattern is a basic regular expression (BRE). 182See 183.Xr re_format 7 184for more information on regular expressions. 185The search starts at the second line displayed. 186.It Ic ?\& Ns Ar pattern 187Search backward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. 188The search starts at the line immediately before the top line displayed. 189.It Ic /! Ns Ar pattern 190Like /, but the search is for the N-th line 191which does NOT contain the pattern. 192.It Ic ?! Ns Ar pattern 193Like ?, but the search is for the N-th line 194which does NOT contain the pattern. 195.It Ic n 196Repeat previous search, for N-th line containing the last pattern 197(or NOT containing the last pattern, 198if the previous search was /! or ?!). 199.It Ic N 200Repeat previous search in the opposite direction, 201for N-th line containing the last pattern 202(or NOT containing the last pattern, 203if the previous search was /! or ?!). 204.It Ic :e Op Ar filename 205Examine a new file. 206If the filename is missing, the "current" file (see the 207.Ic :n 208and 209.Ic :p 210commands below) 211from the list of files in the command line is re-examined. 212If the filename is a pound sign (#), the previously examined file is 213re-examined. 214.It Ic :n 215Examine the next file (from the list of files given in the command line). 216If a number N is specified (not to be confused with the command N), 217the N-th next file is examined. 218.It Ic :p 219Examine the previous file. 220If a number N is specified, the N-th previous file is examined. 221.It Ic :t 222Go to supplied tag. 223.It Ic v 224Invokes an editor to edit the current file being viewed. 225The editor is taken from the environment variable 226.Ev EDITOR , 227or defaults to 228.Xr vi 1 . 229.It Ic = | ^G 230These options print out the number of the file currently being displayed 231relative to the total number of files there are to display, the current 232line number, the current byte number and the total bytes to display, and 233what percentage of the file has been displayed. 234If 235.Nm 236is reading from the standard input, 237or the file is shorter than a single screen, some 238of these items may not be available. 239Note, all of these items reference the first byte of the last line 240displayed on the screen. 241.It Ic q | :q | ZZ 242Exits 243.Nm . 244.El 245.Sh ENVIRONMENT 246.Bl -tag -width "COLUMNSXXX" 247.It Ev COLUMNS 248Sets the number of columns on the screen. 249Takes precedence over the number of columns specified by the 250.Ev TERM 251variable, 252but may be overridden by window systems which support 253.Dv TIOCGWINSZ . 254.It Ev EDITOR 255Specifies the default editor. 256If not set, 257.Xr vi 1 258is used. 259.It Ev LINES 260Sets the number of lines on the screen. 261Takes precedence over the number of lines specified by the TERM variable, 262but may be overridden by window systems which support 263.Dv TIOCGWINSZ . 264.It Ev MORE 265Default command line options to use with 266.Nm . 267The options should be space-separated and must be prefixed with a dash 268.Pq Ql - . 269.It Ev TERM 270Specifies the terminal type. 271Used by 272.Nm 273to get the terminal characteristics necessary to manipulate the screen. 274.El 275.Sh EXIT STATUS 276.Ex -std more 277.Sh EXAMPLES 278Examine the ends of all files in the current directory, showing line 279and byte counts for each: 280.Pp 281.Dl $ more -p G= * 282.Pp 283Examine several manual pages, starting from the options description 284in the DESCRIPTION section: 285.Bd -literal -offset indent 286$ more -p '/DESCRIPTION 287> /options 288> ' *.1 289.Ed 290.Sh SEE ALSO 291.Xr ctags 1 , 292.Xr less 1 , 293.Xr vi 1 , 294.Xr re_format 7 295.Sh STANDARDS 296The 297.Nm 298utility is compliant with the 299.St -p1003.1-2008 300specification, 301though its presence is optional. 302.Pp 303Functionality allowing the user to skip (as opposed to scroll) 304forward is not currently implemented. 305.Sh HISTORY 306A 307.Nm 308command appeared in 309.Bx 3.0 . 310The present implementation is actually 311.Xr less 1 312in disguise. 313.Sh AUTHORS 314.An Mark Nudelman 315