1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.165 2020/02/06 05:40:02 jsg Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd $Mdocdate: February 6 2020 $ 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem 48(see 49.Xr daily 8 ) . 50.It /bin/ 51User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 52These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 53system libraries to run. 54.It /bsd 55Pure kernel executable 56(the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time). 57.It /bsd.mp 58Pure kernel executable 59for multiprocessor machines. 60.It /bsd.rd 61Installation kernel. 62The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run 63without an external file system, so this kernel is useful 64for limited system maintenance too. 65.It /bsd.sp 66Pure kernel executable 67for single processor machines. 68.It /dev/ 69Block and character device files. 70.Pp 71.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 72.It MAKEDEV 73Script for creating device files (see 74.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 75.It fd/ 76File descriptor files (see 77.Xr fd 4 ) . 78.El 79.It /etc/ 80System configuration files and scripts. 81.Pp 82.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 83.It localtime 84Local time zone information (see 85.Xr ctime 3 ) . 86.It X11/ 87Configuration files for the X11 window system. 88.It acme/ 89Private keys for 90.Xr acme-client 1 . 91.It amd/ 92Contains map files for 93.Xr amd 8 . 94.It authpf/ 95Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 96.Xr authpf 8 ) . 97.It examples/ 98Example configuration files for base system daemons. 99.It firmware/ 100Firmware files for various devices. 101.It fonts/ 102Configuration files for X11 window system fonts. 103.It hotplug/ 104Scripts for the hotplug daemon, 105.Xr hotplugd 8 . 106.It iked/ 107Configuration files for 108.Xr iked 8 . 109.It isakmpd/ 110Configuration files for 111.Xr isakmpd 8 . 112.It ldap/ 113Certificates and schema definition files for 114.Xr ldapd 8 . 115.It mail/ 116System mail configuration files. 117.It mtree/ 118.Xr mtree 8 119configuration files. 120.It npppd/ 121.Xr npppd 8 122configuration files. 123.It ppp/ 124.Xr pppd 8 125configuration files. 126.It raddb/servers/ 127List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 128.Xr login_radius 8 . 129.It rc.d/ 130.Xr packages 7 131start/stop scripts and subroutines for 132.Xr rc 8 . 133.It signify/ 134Key files used by 135.Xr signify 1 . 136.It skel/ 137Example 138.Sq .\& 139(dot) files for new accounts. 140.It skey/ 141One-time password user database for 142.Xr skey 1 . 143.It ssh/ 144Configuration files for 145.Xr ssh 1 146and 147.Xr sshd 8 . 148.It ssl/ 149OpenSSL configuration files (see 150.Xr openssl 1 ) . 151.El 152.It /home/ 153Default location for user home directories. 154.Pp 155.Bl -tag -width _sysupgrade/ -compact 156.It _sysupgrade/ 157Download location for 158.Xr sysupgrade 8 . 159.El 160.It /mnt/ 161Empty directory commonly used by 162system administrators as a temporary mount point. 163.It /root/ 164Default home directory for the superuser. 165.It /sbin/ 166System programs and administration utilities 167fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 168These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 169system libraries to run. 170.It /tmp/ 171Temporary files that are 172.Em not 173preserved between system reboots. 174Periodically cleaned by 175.Xr daily 8 . 176.It /usr/ 177Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 178.Pp 179.Bl -tag -width "xenocara/" -compact 180.It X11R6/ 181Files required for the X11 window system. 182.Pp 183.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 184.It bin/ 185X11 binaries. 186.It include/ 187X11-specific C include files. 188.It lib/ 189X11 archive libraries. 190.Pp 191.Bl -tag -width "pkgconfig/" -compact 192.It X11/ 193Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications. 194.It modules/ 195Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 196.It pkgconfig/ 197Package metadata for 198.Xr pkg-config 1 . 199.It xorg/ 200Data files used by the X server. 201.El 202.Pp 203.It man/ 204X11 manual pages. 205.It share/ 206Architecture independent data files. 207.El 208.Pp 209.It bin/ 210Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 211.It games/ 212Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 213.It include/ 214Standard C include files. 215.Pp 216.Bl -tag -width "libmilter/" -compact 217.It arpa/ 218C include files for Internet service protocols. 219.It c++/ 220Include files for the Clang C++ compiler. 221.It cbor/ 222C include files for the Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) 223library. 224.It crypto/ 225C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 226.It ddb/ 227C include files for the kernel debugger (see 228.Xr ddb 4 ) . 229.It dev/ 230Device-specific C include files. 231.It fido/ 232C include files for the U2F/FIDO2 communication library. 233.It g++/ 234Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 235.It isofs/ 236C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 237.It llvm/ 238C++ include files for LLVM. 239.It llvm-c/ 240C include files for LLVM. 241.It machine/ 242Machine specific C include files. 243.It miscfs/ 244C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 245.It msdosfs/ 246C include files for MS-DOS file system. 247.It net/ 248Miscellaneous network C include files. 249.It net80211/ 250C include files for 802.11 wireless networking. 251.It netinet/ 252C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 253.Xr inet 4 ) . 254.It netinet6/ 255C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 256.Xr inet6 4 ) . 257.It netmpls/ 258C include files for the MPLS protocol. 259.It nfs/ 260C include files for NFS (Network File System). 261.It ntfs/ 262C include files for NTFS file system. 263.It objc/ 264C include files for GNU Objective-C. 265.It openssl/ 266C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 267.Xr ssl 8 ) . 268.It protocols/ 269C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 270.It readline/ 271C include files for the 272.Xr readline 3 273library. 274.It rpc/ 275C include files for remote procedure calling (see 276.Xr rpc 5 ) . 277.It rpcsvc/ 278C include files for rpcsvc. 279.It scsi/ 280SCSI-specific C include files. 281.It sys/ 282System C include files (kernel data structures). 283.It ufs/ 284C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 285.It uvm/ 286C include files for the virtual memory interface. 287.El 288.Pp 289.It lib/ 290System libraries. 291See 292.Xr intro 3 293for a description of library types. 294.It libdata/ 295Miscellaneous utility data files. 296.Pp 297.Bl -tag -width "ldscripts/" -compact 298.It cvs/ 299Placeholder for user contributed 300.Xr cvs 1 301code/scripts. 302.It ldscripts/ 303ELF linker scripts. 304.It perl5/ 305Data files for 306.Xr perl 1 . 307.El 308.Pp 309.It libexec/ 310System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 311.Pp 312.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 313.It auth/ 314Login scripts used to authenticate users (for 315.Bx 316Authentication). 317.It cvs/contrib/ 318User contributed 319.Xr cvs 1 320scripts. 321.It lpr/ 322Contains the lpf filter for 323.Xr lpd 8 . 324.It radiusd/ 325Authentication modules for 326.Xr radiusd 8 . 327.El 328.Pp 329.It local/ 330Local executables, libraries, etc. 331.It mdec/ 332Boot-related executables. 333.It obj/ 334Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 335.Pa /usr/src 336tree. 337.It ports/ 338The 339.Ox 340ports collection (see 341.Xr ports 7 ) . 342.It sbin/ 343System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 344.It share/ 345Architecture independent data files. 346.Pp 347.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 348.It calendar/ 349Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 350.Xr calendar 1 ) . 351.It dict/ 352Word lists (see 353.Xr look 1 354and 355.Xr spell 1 ) . 356.Pp 357.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 358.It american 359Spellings preferred in American usage. 360.It british 361Spellings preferred in British usage. 362.It propernames 363List of proper names. 364.It stop 365Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 366.Xr spell 1 367from words in the other files in 368.Pa /usr/share/dict , 369but should not be accepted. 370.It web2 371Words from Webster's 2nd International. 372.It web2a 373Additional words from Webster's. 374.It words 375Common words. 376.It papers/ 377Reference databases. 378.It special/ 379Custom word lists. 380.El 381.Pp 382.It doc/ 383Miscellaneous documentation. 384.It games/ 385ASCII text files used by various games. 386.It info/ 387Texinfo source files. 388.It locale/ 389Locales for multi-language support. 390.It man/ 391Manual pages. 392.Pp 393.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 394.It man1/ 395General commands (tools and utilities). 396.It man2/ 397System calls and error numbers. 398.It man3/ 399Libraries. 400.It man3p/ 401.Xr perl 1 402programmers' reference guide. 403.It man4/ 404Special files and hardware support. 405.It man5/ 406File formats. 407.It man6/ 408Games. 409.It man7/ 410Miscellaneous. 411.It man8/ 412System maintenance and operation commands. 413.It man9/ 414Kernel internals. 415.El 416.Pp 417.It misc/ 418Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 419.Pp 420.Bl -tag -width pcvtfonts/ -compact 421.It termcap 422Terminal characteristics database (see 423.Xr termcap 5 ) . 424.It pcvtfonts/ 425Additional console fonts. 426.El 427.Pp 428.It mk/ 429Templates for 430.Xr make 1 . 431.It relink/ 432Link kit for boot-time kernel and library relinking. 433.It snmp/ 434Data files for 435.Xr snmpd 8 . 436.Pp 437.Bl -tag -width mibs/ -compact 438.It mibs/ 439Management Information Base (MIB) definitions. 440.El 441.Pp 442.It tabset/ 443Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 444the termcap file (see 445.Xr termcap 5 ) . 446.It terminfo/ 447Compiled terminal characteristic files (see 448.Xr terminfo 5 ) . 449.It texinfo/ 450Templates for 451.Xr texinfo 5 . 452.It zoneinfo/ 453Time zone configuration information (see 454.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 455.El 456.Pp 457.It src/ 458.Bx 459and/or local source files. 460.Pp 461.Bl -tag -width "usr.sbin/" -compact 462.It bin/ 463Source for files in 464.Pa /bin . 465.It distrib/ 466Source for making distribution sets. 467.It etc/ 468Source for files in 469.Pa /etc . 470.It games/ 471Source for files in 472.Pa /usr/games . 473.It gnu/ 474Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 475.It include/ 476Source for files in 477.Pa /usr/include . 478.It lib/ 479Source for files in 480.Pa /usr/lib . 481.It libexec/ 482Source for files in 483.Pa /usr/libexec . 484.It regress/ 485Regress framework. 486.It sbin/ 487Source for files in 488.Pa /sbin . 489.It share/ 490Source for files in 491.Pa /usr/share . 492.It sys/ 493Kernel source files. 494.It usr.bin/ 495Source for files in 496.Pa /usr/bin . 497.It usr.sbin/ 498Source for files in 499.Pa /usr/sbin . 500.El 501.Pp 502.It xenocara/ 503Source for the X11 window system. 504.Pp 505.It xobj/ 506Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 507.Pa /usr/xenocara 508tree. 509.El 510.It /var/ 511Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 512.Pp 513.Bl -tag -width "sysmerge/" -compact 514.It account/ 515System accounting files. 516.Pp 517.Bl -tag -width acct -compact 518.It acct 519Execution accounting file (see 520.Xr acct 5 ) . 521.El 522.Pp 523.It audit/ 524Audit logs. 525.It authpf/ 526PID file for 527.Xr authpf 8 . 528.It backups/ 529Miscellaneous backup files. 530.It cache/ 531Data cached for programs. 532.It crash/ 533Crash dumps written by 534.Xr savecore 8 . 535.It cron/ 536Spools and configuration files for 537.Xr cron 8 538and 539.Xr at 1 . 540.Pp 541.Bl -tag -width atjobs/ -compact 542.It atjobs/ 543.Xr at 1 544jobs. 545.It tabs/ 546Individual 547.Xr crontab 1 548files. 549.El 550.Pp 551.It db/ 552Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 553.It empty/ 554Generic 555.Xr chroot 2 556directory. 557.It games/ 558Miscellaneous game status and log files. 559.It log/ 560Miscellaneous system log files. 561.Pp 562.Bl -tag -width rdist/ -compact 563.It wtmp 564Login/logout log (see 565.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 566.It rdist/ 567Log files for 568.Xr rdist 1 . 569.El 570.Pp 571.It mail/ 572User mailbox files. 573.It nsd/ 574Database and zone files for 575.Xr nsd 8 . 576.It quotas/ 577Filesystem quota information files. 578.It run/ 579System information files describing various info about the 580system since it was booted. 581.Pp 582.Bl -tag -width rc.d/ -compact 583.It rc.d/ 584Details of currently running daemons; 585used by 586.Xr rc.d 8 . 587.It utmp 588Database of current users (see 589.Xr utmp 5 ) . 590.El 591.Pp 592.It spool/ 593Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 594.Pp 595.Bl -tag -width "output/" -compact 596.It ftp/ 597Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 598.It lock/ 599Lock files for utilities such as 600.Xr pppd 8 . 601.It output/ 602Line printer spooling directories. 603.It smtpd/ 604Mail spool for 605.Xr smtpd 8 . 606.El 607.Pp 608.It sysmerge/ 609Checksum files and reference sets 610for 611.Xr sysmerge 8 . 612.It syspatch/ 613Rollback tarballs and patch files for 614.Xr syspatch 8 . 615.It tmp -> ../tmp 616A symbolic link to the system 617.Pa /tmp 618directory. 619To protect other users of 620.Pa /var 621from overfill conditions, this is no longer a space you can trust to 622retain storage over a reboot. 623Periodically cleaned by 624.Xr daily 8 . 625.It unbound/ 626Configuration files for 627.Xr unbound 8 . 628.It www/ 629Configuration files for 630.Xr httpd 8 . 631.It yp/ 632Files for the 633.Xr yp 8 634subsystem. 635.El 636.El 637.Sh SEE ALSO 638.Xr apropos 1 , 639.Xr find 1 , 640.Xr locate 1 , 641.Xr whatis 1 , 642.Xr whereis 1 , 643.Xr which 1 644.Sh HISTORY 645A 646.Nm 647manual page appeared in 648.At v7 . 649