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-4 This option sets use of IPv4 only. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-6 This option sets use of IPv6 only. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-A tlscafile This option specifies the file of the certificate authorities (CA) certificates (in PEM format) in order to verify the remote server TLS certificate when using DNS-over-TLS (DoT), to achieve Strict or Mutual TLS. When used, it will override the certificates from the global certificates store, which are otherwise used by default when \%-S is enabled. This option can not be used in conjuction with \%-O, and it implies \%-S. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-C Overrides the default resolv.conf file. This is only intended for testing. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-d This option sets debug mode, which provides tracing information about the update requests that are made and the replies received from the name server. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-D This option sets extra debug mode. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-E tlscertfile This option sets the certificate(s) file for authentication for the DNS-over-TLS (DoT) transport to the remote server. The certificate chain file is expected to be in PEM format. This option implies \%-S, and can only be used with \%-K. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-g This option enables standard GSS-TSIG mode. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-H tlshostname This option makes nsupdate use the provided hostname during remote server TLS certificate verification. Otherwise, the DNS server name is used. This option implies \%-S. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-i This option forces interactive mode, even when standard input is not a terminal. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-k keyfile This option indicates the file containing the TSIG authentication key. Keyfiles may be in two formats: a single file containing a \%named.conf-format key statement, which may be generated automatically by \%ddns-confgen; or a pair of files whose names are of the format K{name}.+157.+{random}.key and K{name}.+157.+{random}.private, which can be generated by \%dnssec-keygen. The \%-k option can also be used to specify a SIG(0) key used to authenticate Dynamic DNS update requests. In this case, the key specified is not an HMAC-MD5 key. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-K tlskeyfile This option sets the key file for authenticated encryption for the DNS-over-TLS (DoT) transport with the remote server. The private key file is expected to be in PEM format. This option implies \%-S, and can only be used with \%-E. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-l This option sets local-host only mode, which sets the server address to localhost (disabling the server so that the server address cannot be overridden). Connections to the local server use a TSIG key found in @runstatedir@/session.key, which is automatically generated by \%named if any local primary zone has set update-policy to local. The location of this key file can be overridden with the \%-k option. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-L level This option sets the logging debug level. If zero, logging is disabled. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-o This option is deprecated. Previously, it enabled a non-standards-compliant variant of GSS-TSIG that was used by Windows 2000. Since that OS is now long past its end of life, this option is now treated as a synonym for \%-g. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-O This option enables Opportunistic TLS. When used, the remote peer\(aqs TLS certificate will not be verified. This option should be used for debugging purposes only, and it is not recommended to use it in production. This option can not be used in conjuction with \%-A, and it implies \%-S. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-p port This option sets the port to use for connections to a name server. The default is 53. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-P This option prints the list of private BIND-specific resource record types whose format is understood by nsupdate. See also the \%-T option. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-r udpretries This option sets the number of UDP retries. The default is 3. If zero, only one update request is made. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-S This option indicates whether to use DNS-over-TLS (DoT) when querying name servers specified by server servername port syntax in the input file, and the primary server discovered through a SOA request. When the \%-K and \%-E options are used, then the specified TLS client certificate and private key pair are used for authentication (Mutual TLS). This option implies \%-v. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-t timeout This option sets the maximum time an update request can take before it is aborted. The default is 300 seconds. If zero, the timeout is disabled for TCP mode. For UDP mode, the option \%-u takes precedence over this option, unless the option \%-u is set to zero, in which case the interval is computed from the \%-t timeout interval and the number of UDP retries. For UDP mode, the timeout can not be disabled, and will be rounded up to 1 second in case if both \%-t and \%-u are set to zero. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-T This option prints the list of IANA standard resource record types whose format is understood by nsupdate. nsupdate exits after the lists are printed. The \%-T option can be combined with the \%-P option. Other types can be entered using TYPEXXXXX where XXXXX is the decimal value of the type with no leading zeros. The rdata, if present, is parsed using the UNKNOWN rdata format, (<backslash> <hash> <space> <length> <space> <hexstring>). NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-u udptimeout This option sets the UDP retry interval. The default is 3 seconds. If zero, the interval is computed from the timeout interval and number of UDP retries. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-v This option specifies that TCP should be used even for small update requests. By default, nsupdate uses UDP to send update requests to the name server unless they are too large to fit in a UDP request, in which case TCP is used. TCP may be preferable when a batch of update requests is made. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-V This option prints the version number and exits. NINDENT NDENT 0.0
-y [hmac:]keyname:secret This option sets the literal TSIG authentication key. keyname is the name of the key, and secret is the base64 encoded shared secret. hmac is the name of the key algorithm; valid choices are hmac-md5, hmac-sha1, hmac-sha224, hmac-sha256, hmac-sha384, or hmac-sha512. If hmac is not specified, the default is hmac-md5, or if MD5 was disabled, hmac-sha256. NOTE: Use of the \%-y option is discouraged because the shared secret is supplied as a command-line argument in clear text. This may be visible in the output from ps1 or in a history file maintained by the user\(aqs shell. NINDENT
server servername port This command sends all dynamic update requests to the name server servername. When no server statement is provided, nsupdate sends updates to the primary server of the correct zone. The MNAME field of that zone\(aqs SOA record identify the primary server for that zone. port is the port number on servername where the dynamic update requests are sent. If no port number is specified, the default DNS port number of 53 is used. NOTE: NDENT 7.0 NDENT 3.5 This command has no effect when GSS-TSIG is in use. NINDENT NINDENT
local address port This command sends all dynamic update requests using the local address. When no local statement is provided, nsupdate sends updates using an address and port chosen by the system. port can also be used to force requests to come from a specific port. If no port number is specified, the system assigns one.
zone zonename This command specifies that all updates are to be made to the zone zonename. If no zone statement is provided, nsupdate attempts to determine the correct zone to update based on the rest of the input.
class classname This command specifies the default class. If no class is specified, the default class is IN.
ttl seconds This command specifies the default time-to-live, in seconds, for records to be added. The value none clears the default TTL.
key hmac:keyname secret This command specifies that all updates are to be TSIG-signed using the keyname-secret pair. If hmac is specified, it sets the signing algorithm in use. The default is hmac-md5; if MD5 was disabled, the default is hmac-sha256. The key command overrides any key specified on the command line via \%-y or \%-k.
gsstsig This command uses GSS-TSIG to sign the updates. This is equivalent to specifying \%-g on the command line.
oldgsstsig This command is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Previously, it caused nsupdate to use the Windows 2000 version of GSS-TSIG to sign updates. It is now treated as a synonym for gsstsig.
realm [realm_name] When using GSS-TSIG, this command specifies the use of realm_name rather than the default realm in krb5.conf. If no realm is specified, the saved realm is cleared.
check-names [boolean] This command turns on or off check-names processing on records to be added. Check-names has no effect on prerequisites or records to be deleted. By default check-names processing is on. If check-names processing fails, the record is not added to the UPDATE message.
check-svbc [boolean] This command turns on or off check-svcb processing on records to be added. Check-svcb has no effect on prerequisites or records to be deleted. By default check-svcb processing is on. If check-svcb processing fails, the record is not added to the UPDATE message.
lease time [keytime] Set the EDNS Update Lease (UL) option to value to time and optionally also set the key lease time to keytime in seconds. If time is none the lease times are cleared.
prereq nxdomain domain-name This command requires that no resource record of any type exist with the name domain-name.
prereq yxdomain domain-name This command requires that domain-name exist (as at least one resource record, of any type).
prereq nxrrset domain-name class type This command requires that no resource record exist of the specified type, class, and domain-name. If class is omitted, IN (Internet) is assumed.
prereq yxrrset domain-name class type This command requires that a resource record of the specified type, class and domain-name exist. If class is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.
prereq yxrrset domain-name class type data With this command, the data from each set of prerequisites of this form sharing a common type, class, and domain-name are combined to form a set of RRs. This set of RRs must exactly match the set of RRs existing in the zone at the given type, class, and domain-name. The data are written in the standard text representation of the resource record\(aqs RDATA.
update delete domain-name ttl class type data This command deletes any resource records named domain-name. If type and data are provided, only matching resource records are removed. The Internet class is assumed if class is not supplied. The ttl is ignored, and is only allowed for compatibility.
update add domain-name ttl class type data This command adds a new resource record with the specified ttl, class, and data.
show This command displays the current message, containing all of the prerequisites and updates specified since the last send.
send This command sends the current message. This is equivalent to entering a blank line.
answer This command displays the answer.
debug This command turns on debugging.
version This command prints the version number.
help This command prints a list of commands. NINDENT Lines beginning with a semicolon (;) are comments and are ignored.
/etc/resolv.conf Used to identify the default name server
@runstatedir@/session.key Sets the default TSIG key for use in local-only mode
K{name}.+157.+{random}.key Base-64 encoding of the HMAC-MD5 key created by \%dnssec-keygen.
K{name}.+157.+{random}.private Base-64 encoding of the HMAC-MD5 key created by \%dnssec-keygen. NINDENT
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