1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> 2<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 5. Diagnostics</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="std_contents.html" title="Part II. Standard Contents" /><link rel="prev" href="termination.html" title="Termination" /><link rel="next" href="errno.html" title="Use of errno by the library" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 5. 3 Diagnostics 4 5</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="termination.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part II. 6 Standard Contents 7 </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="errno.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="std.diagnostics"></a>Chapter 5. 8 Diagnostics 9 <a id="id-1.3.4.3.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a> 10</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="errno.html">Use of errno by the library</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="concept_checking.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.diagnostics.exceptions"></a>Exceptions</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.diagnostics.exceptions.api"></a>API Reference</h3></div></div></div><p> 11 Most exception classes are defined in one of the standard headers 12 <code class="filename"><exception></code>, 13 <code class="filename"><stdexcept></code>, 14 <code class="filename"><new></code>, and 15 <code class="filename"><typeinfo></code>. 16 The C++ 2011 revision of the standard added more exception types 17 in the headers 18 <code class="filename"><functional></code>, 19 <code class="filename"><future></code>, 20 <code class="filename"><regex></code>, and 21 <code class="filename"><system_error></code>. 22 The C++ 2017 revision of the standard added more exception types 23 in the headers 24 <code class="filename"><any></code>, 25 <code class="filename"><filesystem></code>, 26 <code class="filename"><optional></code>, and 27 <code class="filename"><variant></code>. 28 </p><p> 29 All exceptions thrown by the library have a base class of type 30 <code class="classname">std::exception</code>, 31 defined in <code class="filename"><exception></code>. 32 This type has no <code class="classname">std::string</code> member. 33 </p><p> 34 Derived from this are several classes that may have a 35 <code class="classname">std::string</code> member. A full hierarchy can be 36 found in the source documentation. 37 </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="std.diagnostics.exceptions.data"></a>Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 38 The standard exception classes carry with them a single string as 39 data (usually describing what went wrong or where the 'throw' took 40 place). It's good to remember that you can add your own data to 41 these exceptions when extending the hierarchy: 42 </p><pre class="programlisting"> 43 struct My_Exception : public std::runtime_error 44 { 45 public: 46 My_Exception (const string& whatarg) 47 : std::runtime_error(whatarg), e(errno), id(GetDataBaseID()) { } 48 int errno_at_time_of_throw() const { return e; } 49 DBID id_of_thing_that_threw() const { return id; } 50 protected: 51 int e; 52 DBID id; // some user-defined type 53 }; 54 </pre></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="termination.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="std_contents.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="errno.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Termination </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Use of errno by the library</td></tr></table></div></body></html>