xref: /netbsd-src/distrib/notes/common/main (revision 2f04993728c1d28d8ac7bf8b26889c218e2af07c)
1.\"	$NetBSD: main,v 1.576 2024/06/06 00:21:28 snj Exp $
2.\"
3.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2012 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
4.\" All rights reserved.
5.\"
6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8.\" are met:
9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14.\"
15.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
16.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
17.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
18.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
19.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
20.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
21.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
23.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
24.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
25.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26.\"
27.ig
28
29	To "regenerate" this file, go up one level to src/distrib/notes
30	and type "make".  This will create
31	src/distrib/notes/<arch>/INSTALL.*.
32
33	We keep most of the notes the same on HEAD and release branches,
34	but some of this are not appropriate for HEAD/current. Also
35	some locations differ for actual release, so we distinguish
36	between:
37
38	RELEASE_BRANCH == 1
39		this is on a release branch (not -current)
40	RELEASE_BRANCH == 0
41		this is current, not yet branched
42	FOR_RELEASE == 1
43		this is an official release (will be signed and placed
44		on ftp/cdn)
45	FOR_RELEASE == 0
46		this is a local build or a "daily" build on the build
47		cluster
48..
49.
50.tm Processing INSTALL
51.
52.\"	--------------------  CONFIGURATION  --------------------
53.
54.nr oldvers ( \n[major] - 1 )
55.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\
56.ds RELEASE_URL https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-\*V
57.\}
58.el \{\
59.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\
60.ds ftppath netbsd-\n[major]
61.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH]
62.el .ds ftppath HEAD
63.ds RELEASE_URL https://nycdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/\*[ftppath]/latest
64.\} \" !\n[FOR_RELEASE]
65.nr DOC_XR 1
66.ds MACHINE_LIST acorn32 algor alpha amd64 amiga amigappc arc atari
67.as MACHINE_LIST " bebox cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast emips evbarm evbmips
68.as MACHINE_LIST " evbppc evbsh3 ews4800mips hp300 hppa hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh
69.as MACHINE_LIST " i386 ibmnws iyonix landisk luna68k mac68k macppc mipsco
70.as MACHINE_LIST " mmeye mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips next68k
71.as MACHINE_LIST " ofppc playstation2 pmax prep rs6000 sandpoint sbmips
72.as MACHINE_LIST " sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax x68k zaurus .
73.so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros
74.
75.\" Override <title> for HTML output
76.if rHTML .ds title-section Installation procedure for NetBSD/\*M \*V
77.Dd \*[cur_date]
78.Dt INSTALL 8
79.Os NetBSD/\*M \*V
80.Sh NAME
81.Nm INSTALL
82.Nd Installation procedure for
83.Nx*M .
84.Sh CONTENTS
85.Tc
86.Sh DESCRIPTION
87.
88.Ss About this Document
89.Pp
90.
91This document describes the installation procedure for
92.Nx
93\*V on the
94.Em \*M
95platform.
96It is available in four different formats titled
97.Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext ,
98where
99.Ar \&.ext
100is one of
101.Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more ,
102.No or Pa \&.txt :
103.(tag \&.morex -offset indent
104.It Pa \&.ps
105PostScript.
106.It Pa \&.html
107.No Standard Internet Tn HTML .
108.It Pa \&.more
109The enhanced text format used on
110.Ul
111systems by the
112.Xr more 1
113and
114.Xr less 1
115pager utility programs.
116This is the format in which the on-line
117.Em man
118pages are generally presented.
119.It Pa \&.txt
120Plain old
121.Tn ASCII .
122.tag)
123.Pp
124You are reading the
125.Em \*[format]
126version.
127.
128.if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64]:\n[amd64] \{\
129.Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient"
130.Pp
131This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to
132install
133.Nx
134\*V on a machine of the \*M architecture.
135.Bl -bullet
136.It
137Fetch files needed to install
138.Nx .
139.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\
140.Pp
141Option 1: bootable CD-ROM images or USB images containing the
142full distribution.
143.Pp
144These can be found
145on an FTP site near you, usually located in the
146.Pa /pub/NetBSD/images/
147directory.
148Check the list of
149.Nx
150.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors mirrors
151for details.
152.Pp
153Option 2: bootable CD-ROM images from
154.Pa \*M/installation/cdrom/ .
155.Pp
156These images are bootable, but do not contain binary sets.
157They are intended for network installs or system repair.
158.Pa boot.iso
159is for VGA console installation, and
160.Pa boot-com.iso
161is for installation over serial console (com0, 9600 baud).
162.Pp
163.\} \" amd64:i386
164.if \n[i386] \{\
165Option 3: boot floppy images from
166.Pa \*M/installation/floppy/ .
167.Pp
168.Pa boot1.fs
169and
170.Pa boot2.fs
171are floppy images for VGA console installation.
172.Pa boot-com1.fs
173and
174.Pa boot-com2.fs
175are for installation via serial console (com0, 9600 baud).
176.\} \" i386
177.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\
178.It
179The default kernel on CD-ROMs has ACPI enabled.
180This is known to cause issues on a few machines which have buggy ACPI
181implementations.
182.Pp
183To boot with ACPI disabled, interrupt the menu and enter the
184.Nx
185boot prompt.
186Type
187.Ic boot -2
188to boot with ACPI disabled.
189.\} \" amd64:i386
190.if \n[macppc] \{\
191The files depend on which model you
192are using and how you plan to boot your machine.
193For systems with built-in floppy drives (Open Firmware 1 or 2),
194fetch the pair of boot floppy images
195.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot1.fs
196and
197.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot2.fs ,
198which include the bootloader and installation kernel.
199For systems without floppy drives (most are Open Firmware 3), fetch the
200bootloader
201.Pa macppc/installation/ofwboot.xcf
202and the installation kernel
203.Pa macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz .
204If you have a CD-R, you can fetch the CD image,
205.Pa NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso .
206.\}
207.if \n[sparc] \{\
208Fetch a CD image,
209.Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc.iso .
210You need the CD to boot your system.
211.\}
212.if \n[sparc64] \{\
213This is either a CD image
214.Pq Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc64.iso
215which can be booted directly, or the installation kernel and bootloader
216.Pq Pa sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz No and Pa sparc64/installation/misc/ofwboot
217which can be booted from a
218.Tn Solaris
219or
220.Nx
221partition.
222.\}
223.if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\
224Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel.  This process is
225covered below, in detail.
226.\}
227.It
228The actual binary distribution is in the
229.Pa \*M/binary/sets/
230directory.
231When you boot the install
232.if \n[amd64] image or CD-ROM,
233.if \n[i386] image, CD-ROM or floppies,
234.if \n[macppc] kernel from floppies, hard drive, or CD-ROM,
235.if \n[sparc] CD-ROM,
236.if \n[sparc64] CD-ROM or installation kernel,
237the installation program
238can fetch these files for you (using, e.g., ftp)
239if you have a network connection.
240There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto
241your machine.
242.Pp
243You will at a minimum need
244.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\
245one of the kernel sets, typically
246.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] ,
247as well as
248.\}
249.el \{\
250the following sets:
251.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] ,
252.\}
253.Pa base.\*[setsuffix]
254and
255.Pa etc.\*[setsuffix] .
256In a typical workstation installation you will probably want
257all the installation sets.
258.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\
259.It
260Write the boot images
261.Pp
262Many commercial and freeware programs are available to burn CD-ROMs.
263.Pp
264If installing via USB, you must first uncompress the USB image, which
265is gzipped.
266.if \n[amd64] \{\
267Note the \*M architecture has two images, NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz
268and NetBSD-\*V-\*M-bios-install.img.gz. The latter is intended for older
269hardware which is unable to boot using a hybrid MBR and GPT image.
270.\}
271.Dl $ Ic "gunzip NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz"
272Next, write the USB image to a USB stick/drive.
273Note that this will overwrite any existing data on the device that you
274specify, so double check the device before running!
275On
276.Ul
277operating systems, use a command similar to the following,
278replacing
279.Pa /dev/rsd0d
280with the appropriate device for your system:
281.Dl # Ic "dd if=NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=32k"
282On Windows, you will need to use a program such as
283.Lk http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/ "Win32 Disk Imager" ,
284or
285.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/~martin/rawrite32 Rawrite32 .
286If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy,
287the
288.Ic rawrite.exe
289MS-DOS program
290in the
291.Pa \*M/installation/misc/
292directory may be of help.
293.\}
294.if \n[macppc] \{\
295.It
296If your \*M has a floppy drive, create the pair of boot floppies using
297.Ic suntar
298(MacOS 9),
299.Ic rawrite
300(Windows), or
301.Ic dd
302(any
303.Ul
304system with floppy support).  If your system has Open Firmware 3, drag
305.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz
306to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop).
307If you are using the CD image, burn it now.
308.\}
309.if \n[sparc] \{\
310.It
311Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable.
312Burn the CD.
313.\}
314.if \n[sparc64] \{\
315.It
316Burn the CD or put the installation kernel and bootloader
317at the root level of a bootable
318.Tn Solaris
319or
320.Nx
321partition.
322.\}
323.Pp
324The media you just prepared will be used to boot the installation
325kernel, which contains all the tools required to install
326.Nx .
327.if \n[macppc] \{\
328.It
329Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the
330.Nx*M
331.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/models.html "Model Support webpage" .
332.Pp
333At present,
334.Nx*M
335cannot exist on the same hard drive as
336.Tn Mac OS
337unless you partition your disk before running the installer.
338Open Firmware versions prior to 3 require a dedicated
339.Nx
340drive \(em you must use the entire disk,
341partitioned with the installation tools.
342Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into
343.Nx
344on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must partition
345your disk before running the installer, then select the
346.Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets"
347option in the installer (selecting the
348.Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk"
349or
350.Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk"
351options will render your drive unbootable).
352If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on
353.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD
354.It
355For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use
356Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and
357keyboard.
358To enter Open Firmware, hold down the
359.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F
360keys after the boot chime starts, but before the chime ends.
361Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating
362part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on
363.Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation
364.Pp
365You should have the Open Firmware
366.Dq Pa "0 \*[Gt]"
367prompt on your screen before attempting to boot
368.Nx*M .
369.\}
370.if \n[macppc] \{\
371.It
372At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot.
373To boot from the installation floppies, the command is
374.Dq Ic "boot fd:0" .
375For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware
3763), the command is
377.Dq Ic "boot hd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" .
378.Pp
379For boot CDs, the command is something like
380.Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc"
381(for Open Firmware 3) or
382.Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC"
383(for earlier Open Firmware versions).
384You will need to use the correct case for
385.Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC
386depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO
387file system.
388You may need to replace
389.Ic cd
390with
391.Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ,"
392or some other device alias.
393You should also use the Open Firmware
394.Ic dir
395command to confirm that the
396.Nx*M
397kernel is called
398.Pa NETBSD.MACPPC .
399You may want to read the section below on
400.Sx Open Firmware boot syntax
401.\}
402.if \n[macppc] \{\
403.It
404.Pp
405PowerPC 601 machines need to use separate boot floppies
406.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot601_1.fs
407and
408.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot602_2.fs ,
409a different kernel set
410.Pa kern-GENERIC_601.\*[setsuffix] ,
411and a different install kernel
412.Pa netbsd-INSTALL_601.gz .
413The same boot CD can be used but at the boot prompt you must specify
414the 601 kernel, i.e., replace
415.Ic netbsd.macppc
416with
417.Ic netbsd.601
418.
419.\}
420.if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\
421.It
422You will need to get to the
423.if \n[sparc] OpenBoot PROM
424.if \n[sparc64] OpenFirmware
425.Dq Ic "ok"
426prompt.
427After your system first powers on and displays some initial information,
428press the
429.Key STOP-A
430keys, or send a BREAK if you're on a serial console.
431At the
432.Dq Ic "ok"
433prompt, type the command to boot your system into
434.Nx .
435.\}
436.if \n[sparc] \{\
437The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on
438your model):
439.Dq Ic b sd(,30,) ,
440.Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) ,
441or
442.Dq Ic boot cdrom .
443.\}
444.if \n[sparc64] \{\
445The command to boot from CD is:
446.Dq Ic boot cdrom .
447The command to boot the
448.Nx
449kernel from a
450.Tn Solaris
451or
452.Nx
453partition depends on which disk and partition it is on.
454To boot from the first partition of the first (primary) disk:
455.Dq Ic "boot disk:a /ofwboot -a" .
456When it asks you for a kernel, specify
457.Dq Ic "netbsd-INSTALL.gz"
458.\}
459.It
460For third-party programs which are not part of the base
461.Nx
462distribution, you will want to explore the
463.Ic pkgsrc
464package management system, which contains thousands of third-party software
465applications.
466.El
467.\}
468.Ss "What is NetBSD?"
469.Pp
470.
471The
472.Nx
473Operating System is a fully functional open-source operating system derived
474from the University of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2),
4754.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources.
476.Nx
477runs on many different different system architectures (ports)
478across a variety of distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more.
479The
480.Nx
481\*V release contains complete binary releases for most of these
482system architectures, with preliminary support for the others included in
483source form.
484For more information please visit
485.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ .
486.Pp
487.Nx
488is a completely integrated system.
489In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel,
490.nh
491.Nx
492features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several
493languages, the X Window System, firewall software
494and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.
495.Pp
496.\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license
497.\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is?
498.Nx
499is a creation of the members of the Internet community.
500Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes
501possible,
502.Nx
503would not exist.
504.
505.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] \
506and \n[major] Releases
507.el .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] and \
508\n[major] Releases, and newer
509.Pp
510The
511.Nx
512\*V release
513provides many significant changes, including support for many new
514devices, hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and
515numerous userland enhancements.
516The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for
517production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
518.Pp
519.if !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{ \
520Please note that this build is a development snapshot, not a formal release.
521You are testing the bleeding edge of
522.Nx
523development, and no formal or informal testing may have been done for
524this snapshot (yet).
525.Pp
526.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{
527One important new feature in this release is the support for extended
528attributes and access control lists on FFS file systems.
529.Pp
530For new installations the installer will by default disable these features,
531so the file system is compatible with older
532.Nx
533releases (before 10), and allow other operating systems to mount this
534file systems at least in read-only mode.
535.Pp
536If you want a new installed file system to support extended attributes,
537change the file system type from
538.Dq FFSv2
539to
540.Dq FFSv2ea
541in the partitioning menu.
542You can also convert file systems later, using the
543.Xr fsck_ffs 8
544utility.
545More details are available in
546.Lk https://wiki.netbsd.org/tutorials/acls_and_extended_attributes_on_ffs "this guide" .
547.Pp
548If you are upgrading from a version of
549.Nx -current
550please also check the
551.Sx "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" .
552.PP
553It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that
554went into the
555.Nx
556\*V release.
557.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\
558The complete list of changes can be found in
559.br
560.Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES" CHANGES
561.de showdotchanges
562.  nr ominor (\\$1-1)
563.  if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor]
564.  nr ominor (\\$1-1)
565.  br
566.  Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\\$1" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1"
567..
568.showdotchanges \n[minor]
569.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\
570.  br
571.  Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\n[nextminor]" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor]"
572.\}
573.br
574which are also present in the top level directory of the
575NetBSD \n[major].\n[minor] release tree.
576.Pp
577.
578.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH]
579.el \{\
580The complete list of changes can be found in the following files:
581.br
582.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES CHANGES
583.br
584.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES.prev CHANGES.prev
585.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH]
586.
587.Ss "Features to be removed in a later release"
588The following features are to be removed from
589.Nx
590in the future:
591.Bl -bullet -offset indent
592.It
593.Xr groff 1 .
594Man pages are now handled with
595.Xr mandoc 1 ,
596and
597.Xr groff 1
598can still be found in pkgsrc as
599.Pa textproc/groff .
600.It
601.Xr pf 4 .
602This packet filter is obsolete and unmaintained in
603.Nx .
604It will be eventually removed due to possible long-standing
605security issues and lack of multiprocessor support.
606New installations should use
607.Xr npf 7 .
608.El
609.Ss "The NetBSD Foundation"
610.Pp
611.
612The
613.Nx
614Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation
615that devotes itself to the traditional goals and spirit of the
616.Nx
617Project and owns the trademark of the word
618.Dq NetBSD .
619It supports the design, development, and adoption of
620.Nx
621worldwide.
622More information on the
623.Nx
624Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at:
625.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/
626.br_ne 10P
627.
628.Ss "Sources of NetBSD"
629.Pp
630.
631Refer to
632.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ mirrors
633.br_ne 10P
634.
635.Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents
636.Pp
637.
638The root directory of the
639.Nx
640\*V release is organized as follows:
641.Pp
642.Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/
643.(tag README.files
644.It Li CHANGES
645.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] Changes between the \n[oldvers].0 and \
646\n[major].0 releases.
647.el Changes after the netbsd-\n[major] branch.
648.if \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\
649.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].0
650Changes between the initial \n[major].0 branch and final release of \n[major].0.
651.de showdotchanges
652.  nr ominor (\\$1-1)
653.  if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor]
654.  nr ominor (\\$1-1)
655.  It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1
656Changes between the \n[major].\\n[ominor] and the \n[major].\\$1 release.
657..
658.if \n[minor] .showdotchanges \n[minor]
659.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\
660.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor]
661Changes after the release of \n[major].\n[minor].
662.\} \" \n[nextminor] > \n[minor]
663.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH]
664.It Li CHANGES.prev
665Changes in previous
666.Nx
667releases.
668.if \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\
669.It Li LAST_MINUTE
670Last minute changes and notes about the release.
671.\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE]
672.It Li README.files
673README describing the distribution's contents.
674.It Pa images/
675Images (ISO 9660 or USB) for installing NetBSD.
676Depending on your system, these may be bootable.
677.It Pa source/
678Source distribution sets; see below.
679.tag)
680.Pp
681In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one
682directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which
683.Nx
684\*V has a binary distribution.
685.Pp
686The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the
687.Pa source
688subdirectory of the distribution tree.
689They contain the complete sources to the system.
690The source distribution sets are as follows:
691.(tag sharesrc
692.It Sy gnusrc
693This set contains the
694.Dq gnu
695sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff,
696and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets.
697.It Sy sharesrc
698This set contains the
699.Dq share
700sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated
701with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document
702set; the dictionaries; and more.
703.It Sy src
704This set contains all of the base
705.Nx
706\*V sources which are not in
707.Sy gnusrc ,
708.Sy sharesrc ,
709or
710.Sy syssrc .
711.It Sy syssrc
712This set contains the sources to the
713.Nx
714\*V kernel for all architectures as well as the
715.Xr config 1
716utility.
717.It Sy xsrc
718This set contains the sources to the X Window System.
719.tag)
720.Pp
721All the above source sets are located in the
722.Pa source/sets
723subdirectory of the distribution tree.
724.Pp
725The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files.
726Individual sets may be unpacked into
727.Pa /usr/src
728with the command:
729.Dl # Ic "cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.\*[setsuffix]"
730.Pp
731In each of the source distribution set directories, there are
732files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory:
733.(tag SHA512 -offset indent
734.It Li MD5
735.Tn MD5
736digests in the format produced by the command:
737.br
738.Ic cksum -a MD5 Ar file .
739.It Li SHA512
740.Tn SHA512
741digests in the format produced by the command:
742.br
743.Ic cksum -a SHA512 Ar file .
744.tag)
745.Pp
746The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider
747range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files.
748.
749.so contents -----------------------------------------------
750.
751.
752.(Note
753Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its
754own checksum files, just as the source distribution does.
755.Note)
756.br_ne 7P
757.
758.Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices"
759.
760.so hardware -----------------------------------------------
761.br_ne 7P
762.
763.Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media"
764.
765.so xfer -----------------------------------------------
766.br_ne 7P
767.
768.Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation"
769.
770.so prep -----------------------------------------------
771.br_ne 7P
772.
773.ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)"
774.el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System"
775.
776.so install -----------------------------------------------
777.br_ne 7P
778.
779.Ss "Post installation steps"
780.
781.so ../common/postinstall -----------------------------------------------
782.br_ne 7P
783.
784.Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System"
785.
786.so upgrade -----------------------------------------------
787.br_ne 7P
788.
789.Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases"
790.Pp
791.
792Users upgrading from previous versions of
793.Nx
794may wish to bear the
795following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to
796.Nx
797\*V.
798.Pp
799Note that
800.Ic sysinst
801will automatically invoke
802.(disp
803postinstall fix
804.disp)
805and thus all issues that are fixed by
806.Ic postinstall
807by default will be handled.
808.Pp
809In
810.Nx 9
811and earlier, filesystems listed in
812.Pa /etc/fstab
813would be mounted before non-legacy
814.Ic zfs
815filesystems. Starting from
816.Nx 10
817this order has been reversed.
818.Pp
819If you have ever run a version of
820.Nx -current
821between April 18, 2020 and September 23, 2022 (the version numbers
822used in the affected time range are between 9.99.56 and 9.99.106)
823your FFS file systems might have broken extended attributes stored.
824.Pp
825You should follow this
826.Lk https://wiki.netbsd.org/features/UFS2ea/ guide
827before booting the updated system multi-user for the first time.
828.Pp
829.Em Note that you do not need to do anything special if you never did run any affected kernel,
830especially if you have never run
831.Nx -current .
832.Pp
833A number of things have been removed from the
834.Nx
835\*V release.
836See the
837.Dq Components removed from NetBSD
838section near the beginning of this document for a list.
839.Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation"
840.Pp
841Documentation is available if you installed the manual
842distribution set.
843Traditionally, the
844.Dq man pages
845(documentation) are denoted by
846.Sq Li name(section) .
847Some examples of this are
848.Pp
849.(bullet -compact -offset indent
850.Xr intro 1 ,
851.It
852.Xr man 1 ,
853.It
854.Xr apropos 1 ,
855.It
856.Xr passwd 1 ,
857and
858.It
859.Xr passwd 5 .
860.bullet)
861.Pp
862The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three
863are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats
864are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.
865.Pp
866.No The Em man
867command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is
868started by entering
869.Ic man
870.Op Ar section
871.Ar topic .
872The brackets
873.Op \&
874around the
875section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is
876optional.
877If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the
878lowest numbered section name will be displayed.
879For instance, after logging in, enter
880.Pp
881.Dl # Ic "man passwd"
882.Pp
883to read the documentation for
884.Xr passwd 1 .
885To view the documentation for
886.Xr passwd 5 ,
887enter
888.Pp
889.Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd"
890.Pp
891instead.
892.Pp
893If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter
894.Pp
895.Dl # Ic apropos Ar subject-word
896.Pp
897where
898.Ar subject-word
899is your topic of interest; a list of possibly
900related man pages will be displayed.
901.
902.Ss Administrivia
903.Pp
904.
905If you've got something to say, do so!
906We'd like your input.
907There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list
908server at
909.Mt majordomo@NetBSD.org .
910See
911.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/
912for details.
913.Pp
914There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and
915questions about this release.
916Please send comments to:
917.Mt netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org .
918.Pp
919To report bugs, use the
920.Xr send-pr 1
921command shipped with
922.Nx ,
923and fill in as much information about the problem as you can.
924Good bug reports include lots of details.
925.Pp
926Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at
927.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html
928.Pp
929There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of
930each port of
931.Nx .
932Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit
933.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/
934.Pp
935If
936you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific
937port, you probably should contact the
938.Sq owner
939of that port (listed
940below).
941.Pp
942If you'd like to help with
943.Nx ,
944and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to:
945.Mt netbsd-users@NetBSD.org .
946.Pp
947As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these
948mailing lists.
949Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere,
950then mail the appropriate list about it.
951If you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to
952those who want it.
953.
954.Ss Thanks go to
955.
956.(bullet
957The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group,
958including (but not limited to):
959.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
960Keith Bostic
961Ralph Campbell
962Mike Karels
963Marshall Kirk McKusick
964.Ed
965.Pp
966for their work on
967.Bx
968systems, support, and encouragement.
969.It
970The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the
971.Nx
972FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers.
973.It
974The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server
975which runs the CVSweb interface to the
976.Nx
977source tree.
978.It
979The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting
980the build cluster.
981.It
982The many organizations that provide
983.Nx
984mirror sites.
985.It
986Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats
987go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people
988who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool.
989.It
990We list the individuals and organizations
991that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support
992.Nx
993development, and deserve credit for it at
994.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/donations/
995(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us!
996We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you
997wanted to be listed.)
998.It
999Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into
1000developing
1001.Nx
1002since its inception in January, 1993.
1003(Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here.
1004If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!)
1005.bullet)
1006.
1007.Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo"
1008.Pp
1009.
1010All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered
1011trademarks of their respective owners.
1012.Pp
1013The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of
1014the software that we have mentioned in this document:
1015.Pp
1016.nr save_size \n[.s]
1017.nr save_vs \n[.v]
1018.ps 8
1019.vs 9
1020.Ht <font size=-1>
1021.(item -compact
1022.so ../common/legal.common -----------------------------------------------
1023.item)
1024.Ht </font>
1025.ps
1026.vs
1027.Ss "The End"
1028