1.\" $NetBSD: main,v 1.576 2024/06/06 00:21:28 snj Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2012 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 15.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 16.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 17.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 18.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 19.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 20.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 21.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 23.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 24.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 25.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26.\" 27.ig 28 29 To "regenerate" this file, go up one level to src/distrib/notes 30 and type "make". This will create 31 src/distrib/notes/<arch>/INSTALL.*. 32 33 We keep most of the notes the same on HEAD and release branches, 34 but some of this are not appropriate for HEAD/current. Also 35 some locations differ for actual release, so we distinguish 36 between: 37 38 RELEASE_BRANCH == 1 39 this is on a release branch (not -current) 40 RELEASE_BRANCH == 0 41 this is current, not yet branched 42 FOR_RELEASE == 1 43 this is an official release (will be signed and placed 44 on ftp/cdn) 45 FOR_RELEASE == 0 46 this is a local build or a "daily" build on the build 47 cluster 48.. 49. 50.tm Processing INSTALL 51. 52.\" -------------------- CONFIGURATION -------------------- 53. 54.nr oldvers ( \n[major] - 1 ) 55.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 56.ds RELEASE_URL https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-\*V 57.\} 58.el \{\ 59.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 60.ds ftppath netbsd-\n[major] 61.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 62.el .ds ftppath HEAD 63.ds RELEASE_URL https://nycdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/\*[ftppath]/latest 64.\} \" !\n[FOR_RELEASE] 65.nr DOC_XR 1 66.ds MACHINE_LIST acorn32 algor alpha amd64 amiga amigappc arc atari 67.as MACHINE_LIST " bebox cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast emips evbarm evbmips 68.as MACHINE_LIST " evbppc evbsh3 ews4800mips hp300 hppa hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh 69.as MACHINE_LIST " i386 ibmnws iyonix landisk luna68k mac68k macppc mipsco 70.as MACHINE_LIST " mmeye mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips next68k 71.as MACHINE_LIST " ofppc playstation2 pmax prep rs6000 sandpoint sbmips 72.as MACHINE_LIST " sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax x68k zaurus . 73.so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros 74. 75.\" Override <title> for HTML output 76.if rHTML .ds title-section Installation procedure for NetBSD/\*M \*V 77.Dd \*[cur_date] 78.Dt INSTALL 8 79.Os NetBSD/\*M \*V 80.Sh NAME 81.Nm INSTALL 82.Nd Installation procedure for 83.Nx*M . 84.Sh CONTENTS 85.Tc 86.Sh DESCRIPTION 87. 88.Ss About this Document 89.Pp 90. 91This document describes the installation procedure for 92.Nx 93\*V on the 94.Em \*M 95platform. 96It is available in four different formats titled 97.Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext , 98where 99.Ar \&.ext 100is one of 101.Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more , 102.No or Pa \&.txt : 103.(tag \&.morex -offset indent 104.It Pa \&.ps 105PostScript. 106.It Pa \&.html 107.No Standard Internet Tn HTML . 108.It Pa \&.more 109The enhanced text format used on 110.Ul 111systems by the 112.Xr more 1 113and 114.Xr less 1 115pager utility programs. 116This is the format in which the on-line 117.Em man 118pages are generally presented. 119.It Pa \&.txt 120Plain old 121.Tn ASCII . 122.tag) 123.Pp 124You are reading the 125.Em \*[format] 126version. 127. 128.if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64]:\n[amd64] \{\ 129.Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient" 130.Pp 131This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to 132install 133.Nx 134\*V on a machine of the \*M architecture. 135.Bl -bullet 136.It 137Fetch files needed to install 138.Nx . 139.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 140.Pp 141Option 1: bootable CD-ROM images or USB images containing the 142full distribution. 143.Pp 144These can be found 145on an FTP site near you, usually located in the 146.Pa /pub/NetBSD/images/ 147directory. 148Check the list of 149.Nx 150.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors mirrors 151for details. 152.Pp 153Option 2: bootable CD-ROM images from 154.Pa \*M/installation/cdrom/ . 155.Pp 156These images are bootable, but do not contain binary sets. 157They are intended for network installs or system repair. 158.Pa boot.iso 159is for VGA console installation, and 160.Pa boot-com.iso 161is for installation over serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 162.Pp 163.\} \" amd64:i386 164.if \n[i386] \{\ 165Option 3: boot floppy images from 166.Pa \*M/installation/floppy/ . 167.Pp 168.Pa boot1.fs 169and 170.Pa boot2.fs 171are floppy images for VGA console installation. 172.Pa boot-com1.fs 173and 174.Pa boot-com2.fs 175are for installation via serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 176.\} \" i386 177.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 178.It 179The default kernel on CD-ROMs has ACPI enabled. 180This is known to cause issues on a few machines which have buggy ACPI 181implementations. 182.Pp 183To boot with ACPI disabled, interrupt the menu and enter the 184.Nx 185boot prompt. 186Type 187.Ic boot -2 188to boot with ACPI disabled. 189.\} \" amd64:i386 190.if \n[macppc] \{\ 191The files depend on which model you 192are using and how you plan to boot your machine. 193For systems with built-in floppy drives (Open Firmware 1 or 2), 194fetch the pair of boot floppy images 195.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot1.fs 196and 197.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot2.fs , 198which include the bootloader and installation kernel. 199For systems without floppy drives (most are Open Firmware 3), fetch the 200bootloader 201.Pa macppc/installation/ofwboot.xcf 202and the installation kernel 203.Pa macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz . 204If you have a CD-R, you can fetch the CD image, 205.Pa NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso . 206.\} 207.if \n[sparc] \{\ 208Fetch a CD image, 209.Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc.iso . 210You need the CD to boot your system. 211.\} 212.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 213This is either a CD image 214.Pq Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc64.iso 215which can be booted directly, or the installation kernel and bootloader 216.Pq Pa sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz No and Pa sparc64/installation/misc/ofwboot 217which can be booted from a 218.Tn Solaris 219or 220.Nx 221partition. 222.\} 223.if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 224Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel. This process is 225covered below, in detail. 226.\} 227.It 228The actual binary distribution is in the 229.Pa \*M/binary/sets/ 230directory. 231When you boot the install 232.if \n[amd64] image or CD-ROM, 233.if \n[i386] image, CD-ROM or floppies, 234.if \n[macppc] kernel from floppies, hard drive, or CD-ROM, 235.if \n[sparc] CD-ROM, 236.if \n[sparc64] CD-ROM or installation kernel, 237the installation program 238can fetch these files for you (using, e.g., ftp) 239if you have a network connection. 240There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto 241your machine. 242.Pp 243You will at a minimum need 244.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 245one of the kernel sets, typically 246.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] , 247as well as 248.\} 249.el \{\ 250the following sets: 251.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] , 252.\} 253.Pa base.\*[setsuffix] 254and 255.Pa etc.\*[setsuffix] . 256In a typical workstation installation you will probably want 257all the installation sets. 258.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 259.It 260Write the boot images 261.Pp 262Many commercial and freeware programs are available to burn CD-ROMs. 263.Pp 264If installing via USB, you must first uncompress the USB image, which 265is gzipped. 266.if \n[amd64] \{\ 267Note the \*M architecture has two images, NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz 268and NetBSD-\*V-\*M-bios-install.img.gz. The latter is intended for older 269hardware which is unable to boot using a hybrid MBR and GPT image. 270.\} 271.Dl $ Ic "gunzip NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz" 272Next, write the USB image to a USB stick/drive. 273Note that this will overwrite any existing data on the device that you 274specify, so double check the device before running! 275On 276.Ul 277operating systems, use a command similar to the following, 278replacing 279.Pa /dev/rsd0d 280with the appropriate device for your system: 281.Dl # Ic "dd if=NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=32k" 282On Windows, you will need to use a program such as 283.Lk http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/ "Win32 Disk Imager" , 284or 285.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/~martin/rawrite32 Rawrite32 . 286If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy, 287the 288.Ic rawrite.exe 289MS-DOS program 290in the 291.Pa \*M/installation/misc/ 292directory may be of help. 293.\} 294.if \n[macppc] \{\ 295.It 296If your \*M has a floppy drive, create the pair of boot floppies using 297.Ic suntar 298(MacOS 9), 299.Ic rawrite 300(Windows), or 301.Ic dd 302(any 303.Ul 304system with floppy support). If your system has Open Firmware 3, drag 305.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz 306to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop). 307If you are using the CD image, burn it now. 308.\} 309.if \n[sparc] \{\ 310.It 311Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable. 312Burn the CD. 313.\} 314.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 315.It 316Burn the CD or put the installation kernel and bootloader 317at the root level of a bootable 318.Tn Solaris 319or 320.Nx 321partition. 322.\} 323.Pp 324The media you just prepared will be used to boot the installation 325kernel, which contains all the tools required to install 326.Nx . 327.if \n[macppc] \{\ 328.It 329Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the 330.Nx*M 331.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/models.html "Model Support webpage" . 332.Pp 333At present, 334.Nx*M 335cannot exist on the same hard drive as 336.Tn Mac OS 337unless you partition your disk before running the installer. 338Open Firmware versions prior to 3 require a dedicated 339.Nx 340drive \(em you must use the entire disk, 341partitioned with the installation tools. 342Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into 343.Nx 344on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must partition 345your disk before running the installer, then select the 346.Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets" 347option in the installer (selecting the 348.Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk" 349or 350.Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk" 351options will render your drive unbootable). 352If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on 353.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD 354.It 355For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use 356Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and 357keyboard. 358To enter Open Firmware, hold down the 359.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F 360keys after the boot chime starts, but before the chime ends. 361Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating 362part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on 363.Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation 364.Pp 365You should have the Open Firmware 366.Dq Pa "0 \*[Gt]" 367prompt on your screen before attempting to boot 368.Nx*M . 369.\} 370.if \n[macppc] \{\ 371.It 372At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot. 373To boot from the installation floppies, the command is 374.Dq Ic "boot fd:0" . 375For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware 3763), the command is 377.Dq Ic "boot hd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" . 378.Pp 379For boot CDs, the command is something like 380.Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc" 381(for Open Firmware 3) or 382.Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC" 383(for earlier Open Firmware versions). 384You will need to use the correct case for 385.Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC 386depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO 387file system. 388You may need to replace 389.Ic cd 390with 391.Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ," 392or some other device alias. 393You should also use the Open Firmware 394.Ic dir 395command to confirm that the 396.Nx*M 397kernel is called 398.Pa NETBSD.MACPPC . 399You may want to read the section below on 400.Sx Open Firmware boot syntax 401.\} 402.if \n[macppc] \{\ 403.It 404.Pp 405PowerPC 601 machines need to use separate boot floppies 406.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot601_1.fs 407and 408.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot602_2.fs , 409a different kernel set 410.Pa kern-GENERIC_601.\*[setsuffix] , 411and a different install kernel 412.Pa netbsd-INSTALL_601.gz . 413The same boot CD can be used but at the boot prompt you must specify 414the 601 kernel, i.e., replace 415.Ic netbsd.macppc 416with 417.Ic netbsd.601 418. 419.\} 420.if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 421.It 422You will need to get to the 423.if \n[sparc] OpenBoot PROM 424.if \n[sparc64] OpenFirmware 425.Dq Ic "ok" 426prompt. 427After your system first powers on and displays some initial information, 428press the 429.Key STOP-A 430keys, or send a BREAK if you're on a serial console. 431At the 432.Dq Ic "ok" 433prompt, type the command to boot your system into 434.Nx . 435.\} 436.if \n[sparc] \{\ 437The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on 438your model): 439.Dq Ic b sd(,30,) , 440.Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) , 441or 442.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 443.\} 444.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 445The command to boot from CD is: 446.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 447The command to boot the 448.Nx 449kernel from a 450.Tn Solaris 451or 452.Nx 453partition depends on which disk and partition it is on. 454To boot from the first partition of the first (primary) disk: 455.Dq Ic "boot disk:a /ofwboot -a" . 456When it asks you for a kernel, specify 457.Dq Ic "netbsd-INSTALL.gz" 458.\} 459.It 460For third-party programs which are not part of the base 461.Nx 462distribution, you will want to explore the 463.Ic pkgsrc 464package management system, which contains thousands of third-party software 465applications. 466.El 467.\} 468.Ss "What is NetBSD?" 469.Pp 470. 471The 472.Nx 473Operating System is a fully functional open-source operating system derived 474from the University of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4754.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. 476.Nx 477runs on many different different system architectures (ports) 478across a variety of distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. 479The 480.Nx 481\*V release contains complete binary releases for most of these 482system architectures, with preliminary support for the others included in 483source form. 484For more information please visit 485.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ . 486.Pp 487.Nx 488is a completely integrated system. 489In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, 490.nh 491.Nx 492features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several 493languages, the X Window System, firewall software 494and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. 495.Pp 496.\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license 497.\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is? 498.Nx 499is a creation of the members of the Internet community. 500Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes 501possible, 502.Nx 503would not exist. 504. 505.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] \ 506and \n[major] Releases 507.el .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] and \ 508\n[major] Releases, and newer 509.Pp 510The 511.Nx 512\*V release 513provides many significant changes, including support for many new 514devices, hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and 515numerous userland enhancements. 516The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for 517production use that rivals most commercially available systems. 518.Pp 519.if !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{ \ 520Please note that this build is a development snapshot, not a formal release. 521You are testing the bleeding edge of 522.Nx 523development, and no formal or informal testing may have been done for 524this snapshot (yet). 525.Pp 526.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{ 527One important new feature in this release is the support for extended 528attributes and access control lists on FFS file systems. 529.Pp 530For new installations the installer will by default disable these features, 531so the file system is compatible with older 532.Nx 533releases (before 10), and allow other operating systems to mount this 534file systems at least in read-only mode. 535.Pp 536If you want a new installed file system to support extended attributes, 537change the file system type from 538.Dq FFSv2 539to 540.Dq FFSv2ea 541in the partitioning menu. 542You can also convert file systems later, using the 543.Xr fsck_ffs 8 544utility. 545More details are available in 546.Lk https://wiki.netbsd.org/tutorials/acls_and_extended_attributes_on_ffs "this guide" . 547.Pp 548If you are upgrading from a version of 549.Nx -current 550please also check the 551.Sx "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" . 552.PP 553It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that 554went into the 555.Nx 556\*V release. 557.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 558The complete list of changes can be found in 559.br 560.Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES" CHANGES 561.de showdotchanges 562. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 563. if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor] 564. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 565. br 566. Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\\$1" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1" 567.. 568.showdotchanges \n[minor] 569.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\ 570. br 571. Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\n[nextminor]" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor]" 572.\} 573.br 574which are also present in the top level directory of the 575NetBSD \n[major].\n[minor] release tree. 576.Pp 577. 578.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 579.el \{\ 580The complete list of changes can be found in the following files: 581.br 582.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES CHANGES 583.br 584.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES.prev CHANGES.prev 585.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 586. 587.Ss "Features to be removed in a later release" 588The following features are to be removed from 589.Nx 590in the future: 591.Bl -bullet -offset indent 592.It 593.Xr groff 1 . 594Man pages are now handled with 595.Xr mandoc 1 , 596and 597.Xr groff 1 598can still be found in pkgsrc as 599.Pa textproc/groff . 600.It 601.Xr pf 4 . 602This packet filter is obsolete and unmaintained in 603.Nx . 604It will be eventually removed due to possible long-standing 605security issues and lack of multiprocessor support. 606New installations should use 607.Xr npf 7 . 608.El 609.Ss "The NetBSD Foundation" 610.Pp 611. 612The 613.Nx 614Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation 615that devotes itself to the traditional goals and spirit of the 616.Nx 617Project and owns the trademark of the word 618.Dq NetBSD . 619It supports the design, development, and adoption of 620.Nx 621worldwide. 622More information on the 623.Nx 624Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at: 625.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/ 626.br_ne 10P 627. 628.Ss "Sources of NetBSD" 629.Pp 630. 631Refer to 632.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ mirrors 633.br_ne 10P 634. 635.Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents 636.Pp 637. 638The root directory of the 639.Nx 640\*V release is organized as follows: 641.Pp 642.Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/ 643.(tag README.files 644.It Li CHANGES 645.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] Changes between the \n[oldvers].0 and \ 646\n[major].0 releases. 647.el Changes after the netbsd-\n[major] branch. 648.if \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 649.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].0 650Changes between the initial \n[major].0 branch and final release of \n[major].0. 651.de showdotchanges 652. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 653. if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor] 654. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 655. It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1 656Changes between the \n[major].\\n[ominor] and the \n[major].\\$1 release. 657.. 658.if \n[minor] .showdotchanges \n[minor] 659.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\ 660.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor] 661Changes after the release of \n[major].\n[minor]. 662.\} \" \n[nextminor] > \n[minor] 663.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 664.It Li CHANGES.prev 665Changes in previous 666.Nx 667releases. 668.if \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 669.It Li LAST_MINUTE 670Last minute changes and notes about the release. 671.\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE] 672.It Li README.files 673README describing the distribution's contents. 674.It Pa images/ 675Images (ISO 9660 or USB) for installing NetBSD. 676Depending on your system, these may be bootable. 677.It Pa source/ 678Source distribution sets; see below. 679.tag) 680.Pp 681In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one 682directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which 683.Nx 684\*V has a binary distribution. 685.Pp 686The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the 687.Pa source 688subdirectory of the distribution tree. 689They contain the complete sources to the system. 690The source distribution sets are as follows: 691.(tag sharesrc 692.It Sy gnusrc 693This set contains the 694.Dq gnu 695sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, 696and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. 697.It Sy sharesrc 698This set contains the 699.Dq share 700sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated 701with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document 702set; the dictionaries; and more. 703.It Sy src 704This set contains all of the base 705.Nx 706\*V sources which are not in 707.Sy gnusrc , 708.Sy sharesrc , 709or 710.Sy syssrc . 711.It Sy syssrc 712This set contains the sources to the 713.Nx 714\*V kernel for all architectures as well as the 715.Xr config 1 716utility. 717.It Sy xsrc 718This set contains the sources to the X Window System. 719.tag) 720.Pp 721All the above source sets are located in the 722.Pa source/sets 723subdirectory of the distribution tree. 724.Pp 725The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. 726Individual sets may be unpacked into 727.Pa /usr/src 728with the command: 729.Dl # Ic "cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.\*[setsuffix]" 730.Pp 731In each of the source distribution set directories, there are 732files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: 733.(tag SHA512 -offset indent 734.It Li MD5 735.Tn MD5 736digests in the format produced by the command: 737.br 738.Ic cksum -a MD5 Ar file . 739.It Li SHA512 740.Tn SHA512 741digests in the format produced by the command: 742.br 743.Ic cksum -a SHA512 Ar file . 744.tag) 745.Pp 746The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider 747range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files. 748. 749.so contents ----------------------------------------------- 750. 751. 752.(Note 753Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its 754own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. 755.Note) 756.br_ne 7P 757. 758.Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices" 759. 760.so hardware ----------------------------------------------- 761.br_ne 7P 762. 763.Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media" 764. 765.so xfer ----------------------------------------------- 766.br_ne 7P 767. 768.Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation" 769. 770.so prep ----------------------------------------------- 771.br_ne 7P 772. 773.ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)" 774.el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System" 775. 776.so install ----------------------------------------------- 777.br_ne 7P 778. 779.Ss "Post installation steps" 780. 781.so ../common/postinstall ----------------------------------------------- 782.br_ne 7P 783. 784.Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System" 785. 786.so upgrade ----------------------------------------------- 787.br_ne 7P 788. 789.Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" 790.Pp 791. 792Users upgrading from previous versions of 793.Nx 794may wish to bear the 795following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to 796.Nx 797\*V. 798.Pp 799Note that 800.Ic sysinst 801will automatically invoke 802.(disp 803postinstall fix 804.disp) 805and thus all issues that are fixed by 806.Ic postinstall 807by default will be handled. 808.Pp 809In 810.Nx 9 811and earlier, filesystems listed in 812.Pa /etc/fstab 813would be mounted before non-legacy 814.Ic zfs 815filesystems. Starting from 816.Nx 10 817this order has been reversed. 818.Pp 819If you have ever run a version of 820.Nx -current 821between April 18, 2020 and September 23, 2022 (the version numbers 822used in the affected time range are between 9.99.56 and 9.99.106) 823your FFS file systems might have broken extended attributes stored. 824.Pp 825You should follow this 826.Lk https://wiki.netbsd.org/features/UFS2ea/ guide 827before booting the updated system multi-user for the first time. 828.Pp 829.Em Note that you do not need to do anything special if you never did run any affected kernel, 830especially if you have never run 831.Nx -current . 832.Pp 833A number of things have been removed from the 834.Nx 835\*V release. 836See the 837.Dq Components removed from NetBSD 838section near the beginning of this document for a list. 839.Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation" 840.Pp 841Documentation is available if you installed the manual 842distribution set. 843Traditionally, the 844.Dq man pages 845(documentation) are denoted by 846.Sq Li name(section) . 847Some examples of this are 848.Pp 849.(bullet -compact -offset indent 850.Xr intro 1 , 851.It 852.Xr man 1 , 853.It 854.Xr apropos 1 , 855.It 856.Xr passwd 1 , 857and 858.It 859.Xr passwd 5 . 860.bullet) 861.Pp 862The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three 863are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats 864are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. 865.Pp 866.No The Em man 867command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is 868started by entering 869.Ic man 870.Op Ar section 871.Ar topic . 872The brackets 873.Op \& 874around the 875section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is 876optional. 877If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the 878lowest numbered section name will be displayed. 879For instance, after logging in, enter 880.Pp 881.Dl # Ic "man passwd" 882.Pp 883to read the documentation for 884.Xr passwd 1 . 885To view the documentation for 886.Xr passwd 5 , 887enter 888.Pp 889.Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd" 890.Pp 891instead. 892.Pp 893If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter 894.Pp 895.Dl # Ic apropos Ar subject-word 896.Pp 897where 898.Ar subject-word 899is your topic of interest; a list of possibly 900related man pages will be displayed. 901. 902.Ss Administrivia 903.Pp 904. 905If you've got something to say, do so! 906We'd like your input. 907There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list 908server at 909.Mt majordomo@NetBSD.org . 910See 911.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 912for details. 913.Pp 914There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and 915questions about this release. 916Please send comments to: 917.Mt netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org . 918.Pp 919To report bugs, use the 920.Xr send-pr 1 921command shipped with 922.Nx , 923and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. 924Good bug reports include lots of details. 925.Pp 926Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at 927.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html 928.Pp 929There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of 930each port of 931.Nx . 932Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit 933.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 934.Pp 935If 936you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific 937port, you probably should contact the 938.Sq owner 939of that port (listed 940below). 941.Pp 942If you'd like to help with 943.Nx , 944and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: 945.Mt netbsd-users@NetBSD.org . 946.Pp 947As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these 948mailing lists. 949Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, 950then mail the appropriate list about it. 951If you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to 952those who want it. 953. 954.Ss Thanks go to 955. 956.(bullet 957The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, 958including (but not limited to): 959.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 960Keith Bostic 961Ralph Campbell 962Mike Karels 963Marshall Kirk McKusick 964.Ed 965.Pp 966for their work on 967.Bx 968systems, support, and encouragement. 969.It 970The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the 971.Nx 972FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers. 973.It 974The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server 975which runs the CVSweb interface to the 976.Nx 977source tree. 978.It 979The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting 980the build cluster. 981.It 982The many organizations that provide 983.Nx 984mirror sites. 985.It 986Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats 987go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people 988who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. 989.It 990We list the individuals and organizations 991that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support 992.Nx 993development, and deserve credit for it at 994.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/donations/ 995(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! 996We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you 997wanted to be listed.) 998.It 999Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into 1000developing 1001.Nx 1002since its inception in January, 1993. 1003(Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. 1004If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!) 1005.bullet) 1006. 1007.Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo" 1008.Pp 1009. 1010All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered 1011trademarks of their respective owners. 1012.Pp 1013The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of 1014the software that we have mentioned in this document: 1015.Pp 1016.nr save_size \n[.s] 1017.nr save_vs \n[.v] 1018.ps 8 1019.vs 9 1020.Ht <font size=-1> 1021.(item -compact 1022.so ../common/legal.common ----------------------------------------------- 1023.item) 1024.Ht </font> 1025.ps 1026.vs 1027.Ss "The End" 1028