DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFVerifier.cpp

//===- DWARFVerifier.cpp --------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFVerifier.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/IntervalMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallSet.h"
#include "llvm/BinaryFormat/Dwarf.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFAbbreviationDeclaration.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFAttribute.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFCompileUnit.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFContext.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFDataExtractor.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFDebugAbbrev.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFDebugLine.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFDebugLoc.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFDie.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFExpression.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFFormValue.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFLocationExpression.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFObject.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFSection.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFTypeUnit.h"
#include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFUnit.h"
#include "llvm/Object/Error.h"
#include "llvm/Support/DJB.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Error.h"
#include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
#include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h"
#include "llvm/Support/FormatVariadic.h"
#include "llvm/Support/JSON.h"
#include "llvm/Support/WithColor.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <vector>

using namespace llvm;
using namespace dwarf;
using namespace object;

namespace llvm {
class DWARFDebugInfoEntry;
}

std::optional<DWARFAddressRange>
DWARFVerifier::DieRangeInfo::insert(const DWARFAddressRange &R) {
  auto Begin = Ranges.begin();
  auto End = Ranges.end();
  auto Pos = std::lower_bound(Begin, End, R);

  // Check for exact duplicates which is an allowed special case
  if (Pos != End && *Pos == R) {
    return std::nullopt;
  }

  if (Pos != End) {
    DWARFAddressRange Range(*Pos);
    if (Pos->merge(R))
      return Range;
  }
  if (Pos != Begin) {
    auto Iter = Pos - 1;
    DWARFAddressRange Range(*Iter);
    if (Iter->merge(R))
      return Range;
  }

  Ranges.insert(Pos, R);
  return std::nullopt;
}

DWARFVerifier::DieRangeInfo::die_range_info_iterator
DWARFVerifier::DieRangeInfo::insert(const DieRangeInfo &RI) {
  if (RI.Ranges.empty())
    return Children.end();

  auto End = Children.end();
  auto Iter = Children.begin();
  while (Iter != End) {
    if (Iter->intersects(RI))
      return Iter;
    ++Iter;
  }
  Children.insert(RI);
  return Children.end();
}

bool DWARFVerifier::DieRangeInfo::contains(const DieRangeInfo &RHS) const {
  auto I1 = Ranges.begin(), E1 = Ranges.end();
  auto I2 = RHS.Ranges.begin(), E2 = RHS.Ranges.end();
  if (I2 == E2)
    return true;

  DWARFAddressRange R = *I2;
  while (I1 != E1) {
    bool Covered = I1->LowPC <= R.LowPC;
    if (R.LowPC == R.HighPC || (Covered && R.HighPC <= I1->HighPC)) {
      if (++I2 == E2)
        return true;
      R = *I2;
      continue;
    }
    if (!Covered)
      return false;
    if (R.LowPC < I1->HighPC)
      R.LowPC = I1->HighPC;
    ++I1;
  }
  return false;
}

bool DWARFVerifier::DieRangeInfo::intersects(const DieRangeInfo &RHS) const {
  auto I1 = Ranges.begin(), E1 = Ranges.end();
  auto I2 = RHS.Ranges.begin(), E2 = RHS.Ranges.end();
  while (I1 != E1 && I2 != E2) {
    if (I1->intersects(*I2)) {
      // Exact duplicates are allowed
      if (!(*I1 == *I2))
        return true;
    }
    if (I1->LowPC < I2->LowPC)
      ++I1;
    else
      ++I2;
  }
  return false;
}

bool DWARFVerifier::verifyUnitHeader(const DWARFDataExtractor DebugInfoData,
                                     uint64_t *Offset, unsigned UnitIndex,
                                     uint8_t &UnitType, bool &isUnitDWARF64) {
  uint64_t AbbrOffset, Length;
  uint8_t AddrSize = 0;
  uint16_t Version;
  bool Success = true;

  bool ValidLength = false;
  bool ValidVersion = false;
  bool ValidAddrSize = false;
  bool ValidType = true;
  bool ValidAbbrevOffset = true;

  uint64_t OffsetStart = *Offset;
  DwarfFormat Format;
  std::tie(Length, Format) = DebugInfoData.getInitialLength(Offset);
  isUnitDWARF64 = Format == DWARF64;
  Version = DebugInfoData.getU16(Offset);

  if (Version >= 5) {
    UnitType = DebugInfoData.getU8(Offset);
    AddrSize = DebugInfoData.getU8(Offset);
    AbbrOffset = isUnitDWARF64 ? DebugInfoData.getU64(Offset) : DebugInfoData.getU32(Offset);
    ValidType = dwarf::isUnitType(UnitType);
  } else {
    UnitType = 0;
    AbbrOffset = isUnitDWARF64 ? DebugInfoData.getU64(Offset) : DebugInfoData.getU32(Offset);
    AddrSize = DebugInfoData.getU8(Offset);
  }

  Expected<const DWARFAbbreviationDeclarationSet *> AbbrevSetOrErr =
      DCtx.getDebugAbbrev()->getAbbreviationDeclarationSet(AbbrOffset);
  if (!AbbrevSetOrErr) {
    ValidAbbrevOffset = false;
    // FIXME: A problematic debug_abbrev section is reported below in the form
    // of a `note:`. We should propagate this error there (or elsewhere) to
    // avoid losing the specific problem with the debug_abbrev section.
    consumeError(AbbrevSetOrErr.takeError());
  }

  ValidLength = DebugInfoData.isValidOffset(OffsetStart + Length + 3);
  ValidVersion = DWARFContext::isSupportedVersion(Version);
  ValidAddrSize = DWARFContext::isAddressSizeSupported(AddrSize);
  if (!ValidLength || !ValidVersion || !ValidAddrSize || !ValidAbbrevOffset ||
      !ValidType) {
    Success = false;
    bool HeaderShown = false;
    auto ShowHeaderOnce = [&]() {
      if (!HeaderShown) {
        error() << format("Units[%d] - start offset: 0x%08" PRIx64 " \n",
                          UnitIndex, OffsetStart);
        HeaderShown = true;
      }
    };
    if (!ValidLength)
      ErrorCategory.Report(
          "Unit Header Length: Unit too large for .debug_info provided", [&]() {
            ShowHeaderOnce();
            note() << "The length for this unit is too "
                      "large for the .debug_info provided.\n";
          });
    if (!ValidVersion)
      ErrorCategory.Report(
          "Unit Header Length: 16 bit unit header version is not valid", [&]() {
            ShowHeaderOnce();
            note() << "The 16 bit unit header version is not valid.\n";
          });
    if (!ValidType)
      ErrorCategory.Report(
          "Unit Header Length: Unit type encoding is not valid", [&]() {
            ShowHeaderOnce();
            note() << "The unit type encoding is not valid.\n";
          });
    if (!ValidAbbrevOffset)
      ErrorCategory.Report(
          "Unit Header Length: Offset into the .debug_abbrev section is not "
          "valid",
          [&]() {
            ShowHeaderOnce();
            note() << "The offset into the .debug_abbrev section is "
                      "not valid.\n";
          });
    if (!ValidAddrSize)
      ErrorCategory.Report("Unit Header Length: Address size is unsupported",
                           [&]() {
                             ShowHeaderOnce();
                             note() << "The address size is unsupported.\n";
                           });
  }
  *Offset = OffsetStart + Length + (isUnitDWARF64 ? 12 : 4);
  return Success;
}

bool DWARFVerifier::verifyName(const DWARFDie &Die) {
  // FIXME Add some kind of record of which DIE names have already failed and
  // don't bother checking a DIE that uses an already failed DIE.

  std::string ReconstructedName;
  raw_string_ostream OS(ReconstructedName);
  std::string OriginalFullName;
  Die.getFullName(OS, &OriginalFullName);
  OS.flush();
  if (OriginalFullName.empty() || OriginalFullName == ReconstructedName)
    return false;

  ErrorCategory.Report(
      "Simplified template DW_AT_name could not be reconstituted", [&]() {
        error()
            << "Simplified template DW_AT_name could not be reconstituted:\n"
            << formatv("         original: {0}\n"
                       "    reconstituted: {1}\n",
                       OriginalFullName, ReconstructedName);
        dump(Die) << '\n';
        dump(Die.getDwarfUnit()->getUnitDIE()) << '\n';
      });
  return true;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyUnitContents(DWARFUnit &Unit,
                                           ReferenceMap &UnitLocalReferences,
                                           ReferenceMap &CrossUnitReferences) {
  unsigned NumUnitErrors = 0;
  unsigned NumDies = Unit.getNumDIEs();
  for (unsigned I = 0; I < NumDies; ++I) {
    auto Die = Unit.getDIEAtIndex(I);

    if (Die.getTag() == DW_TAG_null)
      continue;

    for (auto AttrValue : Die.attributes()) {
      NumUnitErrors += verifyDebugInfoAttribute(Die, AttrValue);
      NumUnitErrors += verifyDebugInfoForm(Die, AttrValue, UnitLocalReferences,
                                           CrossUnitReferences);
    }

    NumUnitErrors += verifyName(Die);

    if (Die.hasChildren()) {
      if (Die.getFirstChild().isValid() &&
          Die.getFirstChild().getTag() == DW_TAG_null) {
        warn() << dwarf::TagString(Die.getTag())
               << " has DW_CHILDREN_yes but DIE has no children: ";
        Die.dump(OS);
      }
    }

    NumUnitErrors += verifyDebugInfoCallSite(Die);
  }

  DWARFDie Die = Unit.getUnitDIE(/* ExtractUnitDIEOnly = */ false);
  if (!Die) {
    ErrorCategory.Report("Compilation unit missing DIE", [&]() {
      error() << "Compilation unit without DIE.\n";
    });
    NumUnitErrors++;
    return NumUnitErrors;
  }

  if (!dwarf::isUnitType(Die.getTag())) {
    ErrorCategory.Report("Compilation unit root DIE is not a unit DIE", [&]() {
      error() << "Compilation unit root DIE is not a unit DIE: "
              << dwarf::TagString(Die.getTag()) << ".\n";
    });
    NumUnitErrors++;
  }

  uint8_t UnitType = Unit.getUnitType();
  if (!DWARFUnit::isMatchingUnitTypeAndTag(UnitType, Die.getTag())) {
    ErrorCategory.Report("Mismatched unit type", [&]() {
      error() << "Compilation unit type (" << dwarf::UnitTypeString(UnitType)
              << ") and root DIE (" << dwarf::TagString(Die.getTag())
              << ") do not match.\n";
    });
    NumUnitErrors++;
  }

  //  According to DWARF Debugging Information Format Version 5,
  //  3.1.2 Skeleton Compilation Unit Entries:
  //  "A skeleton compilation unit has no children."
  if (Die.getTag() == dwarf::DW_TAG_skeleton_unit && Die.hasChildren()) {
    ErrorCategory.Report("Skeleton CU has children", [&]() {
      error() << "Skeleton compilation unit has children.\n";
    });
    NumUnitErrors++;
  }

  DieRangeInfo RI;
  NumUnitErrors += verifyDieRanges(Die, RI);

  return NumUnitErrors;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyDebugInfoCallSite(const DWARFDie &Die) {
  if (Die.getTag() != DW_TAG_call_site && Die.getTag() != DW_TAG_GNU_call_site)
    return 0;

  DWARFDie Curr = Die.getParent();
  for (; Curr.isValid() && !Curr.isSubprogramDIE(); Curr = Die.getParent()) {
    if (Curr.getTag() == DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine) {
      ErrorCategory.Report(
          "Call site nested entry within inlined subroutine", [&]() {
            error() << "Call site entry nested within inlined subroutine:";
            Curr.dump(OS);
          });
      return 1;
    }
  }

  if (!Curr.isValid()) {
    ErrorCategory.Report(
        "Call site entry not nested within valid subprogram", [&]() {
          error() << "Call site entry not nested within a valid subprogram:";
          Die.dump(OS);
        });
    return 1;
  }

  std::optional<DWARFFormValue> CallAttr = Curr.find(
      {DW_AT_call_all_calls, DW_AT_call_all_source_calls,
       DW_AT_call_all_tail_calls, DW_AT_GNU_all_call_sites,
       DW_AT_GNU_all_source_call_sites, DW_AT_GNU_all_tail_call_sites});
  if (!CallAttr) {
    ErrorCategory.Report(
        "Subprogram with call site entry has no DW_AT_call attribute", [&]() {
          error()
              << "Subprogram with call site entry has no DW_AT_call attribute:";
          Curr.dump(OS);
          Die.dump(OS, /*indent*/ 1);
        });
    return 1;
  }

  return 0;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyAbbrevSection(const DWARFDebugAbbrev *Abbrev) {
  if (!Abbrev)
    return 0;

  Expected<const DWARFAbbreviationDeclarationSet *> AbbrDeclsOrErr =
      Abbrev->getAbbreviationDeclarationSet(0);
  if (!AbbrDeclsOrErr) {
    std::string ErrMsg = toString(AbbrDeclsOrErr.takeError());
    ErrorCategory.Report("Abbreviation Declaration error",
                         [&]() { error() << ErrMsg << "\n"; });
    return 1;
  }

  const auto *AbbrDecls = *AbbrDeclsOrErr;
  unsigned NumErrors = 0;
  for (auto AbbrDecl : *AbbrDecls) {
    SmallDenseSet<uint16_t> AttributeSet;
    for (auto Attribute : AbbrDecl.attributes()) {
      auto Result = AttributeSet.insert(Attribute.Attr);
      if (!Result.second) {
        ErrorCategory.Report(
            "Abbreviation declartion contains multiple attributes", [&]() {
              error() << "Abbreviation declaration contains multiple "
                      << AttributeString(Attribute.Attr) << " attributes.\n";
              AbbrDecl.dump(OS);
            });
        ++NumErrors;
      }
    }
  }
  return NumErrors;
}

bool DWARFVerifier::handleDebugAbbrev() {
  OS << "Verifying .debug_abbrev...\n";

  const DWARFObject &DObj = DCtx.getDWARFObj();
  unsigned NumErrors = 0;
  if (!DObj.getAbbrevSection().empty())
    NumErrors += verifyAbbrevSection(DCtx.getDebugAbbrev());
  if (!DObj.getAbbrevDWOSection().empty())
    NumErrors += verifyAbbrevSection(DCtx.getDebugAbbrevDWO());

  return NumErrors == 0;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyUnits(const DWARFUnitVector &Units) {
  unsigned NumDebugInfoErrors = 0;
  ReferenceMap CrossUnitReferences;

  unsigned Index = 1;
  for (const auto &Unit : Units) {
    OS << "Verifying unit: " << Index << " / " << Units.getNumUnits();
    if (const char* Name = Unit->getUnitDIE(true).getShortName())
      OS << ", \"" << Name << '\"';
    OS << '\n';
    OS.flush();
    ReferenceMap UnitLocalReferences;
    NumDebugInfoErrors +=
        verifyUnitContents(*Unit, UnitLocalReferences, CrossUnitReferences);
    NumDebugInfoErrors += verifyDebugInfoReferences(
        UnitLocalReferences, [&](uint64_t Offset) { return Unit.get(); });
    ++Index;
  }

  NumDebugInfoErrors += verifyDebugInfoReferences(
      CrossUnitReferences, [&](uint64_t Offset) -> DWARFUnit * {
        if (DWARFUnit *U = Units.getUnitForOffset(Offset))
          return U;
        return nullptr;
      });

  return NumDebugInfoErrors;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyUnitSection(const DWARFSection &S) {
  const DWARFObject &DObj = DCtx.getDWARFObj();
  DWARFDataExtractor DebugInfoData(DObj, S, DCtx.isLittleEndian(), 0);
  unsigned NumDebugInfoErrors = 0;
  uint64_t Offset = 0, UnitIdx = 0;
  uint8_t UnitType = 0;
  bool isUnitDWARF64 = false;
  bool isHeaderChainValid = true;
  bool hasDIE = DebugInfoData.isValidOffset(Offset);
  DWARFUnitVector TypeUnitVector;
  DWARFUnitVector CompileUnitVector;
  /// A map that tracks all references (converted absolute references) so we
  /// can verify each reference points to a valid DIE and not an offset that
  /// lies between to valid DIEs.
  ReferenceMap CrossUnitReferences;
  while (hasDIE) {
    if (!verifyUnitHeader(DebugInfoData, &Offset, UnitIdx, UnitType,
                          isUnitDWARF64)) {
      isHeaderChainValid = false;
      if (isUnitDWARF64)
        break;
    }
    hasDIE = DebugInfoData.isValidOffset(Offset);
    ++UnitIdx;
  }
  if (UnitIdx == 0 && !hasDIE) {
    warn() << "Section is empty.\n";
    isHeaderChainValid = true;
  }
  if (!isHeaderChainValid)
    ++NumDebugInfoErrors;
  return NumDebugInfoErrors;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyIndex(StringRef Name,
                                    DWARFSectionKind InfoColumnKind,
                                    StringRef IndexStr) {
  if (IndexStr.empty())
    return 0;
  OS << "Verifying " << Name << "...\n";
  DWARFUnitIndex Index(InfoColumnKind);
  DataExtractor D(IndexStr, DCtx.isLittleEndian(), 0);
  if (!Index.parse(D))
    return 1;
  using MapType = IntervalMap<uint64_t, uint64_t>;
  MapType::Allocator Alloc;
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MapType>> Sections(Index.getColumnKinds().size());
  for (const DWARFUnitIndex::Entry &E : Index.getRows()) {
    uint64_t Sig = E.getSignature();
    if (!E.getContributions())
      continue;
    for (auto E : enumerate(
             InfoColumnKind == DW_SECT_INFO
                 ? ArrayRef(E.getContributions(), Index.getColumnKinds().size())
                 : ArrayRef(E.getContribution(), 1))) {
      const DWARFUnitIndex::Entry::SectionContribution &SC = E.value();
      int Col = E.index();
      if (SC.getLength() == 0)
        continue;
      if (!Sections[Col])
        Sections[Col] = std::make_unique<MapType>(Alloc);
      auto &M = *Sections[Col];
      auto I = M.find(SC.getOffset());
      if (I != M.end() && I.start() < (SC.getOffset() + SC.getLength())) {
        StringRef Category = InfoColumnKind == DWARFSectionKind::DW_SECT_INFO
                                 ? "Overlapping CU index entries"
                                 : "Overlapping TU index entries";
        ErrorCategory.Report(Category, [&]() {
          error() << llvm::formatv(
              "overlapping index entries for entries {0:x16} "
              "and {1:x16} for column {2}\n",
              *I, Sig, toString(Index.getColumnKinds()[Col]));
        });
        return 1;
      }
      M.insert(SC.getOffset(), SC.getOffset() + SC.getLength() - 1, Sig);
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

bool DWARFVerifier::handleDebugCUIndex() {
  return verifyIndex(".debug_cu_index", DWARFSectionKind::DW_SECT_INFO,
                     DCtx.getDWARFObj().getCUIndexSection()) == 0;
}

bool DWARFVerifier::handleDebugTUIndex() {
  return verifyIndex(".debug_tu_index", DWARFSectionKind::DW_SECT_EXT_TYPES,
                     DCtx.getDWARFObj().getTUIndexSection()) == 0;
}

bool DWARFVerifier::handleDebugInfo() {
  const DWARFObject &DObj = DCtx.getDWARFObj();
  unsigned NumErrors = 0;

  OS << "Verifying .debug_info Unit Header Chain...\n";
  DObj.forEachInfoSections([&](const DWARFSection &S) {
    NumErrors += verifyUnitSection(S);
  });

  OS << "Verifying .debug_types Unit Header Chain...\n";
  DObj.forEachTypesSections([&](const DWARFSection &S) {
    NumErrors += verifyUnitSection(S);
  });

  OS << "Verifying non-dwo Units...\n";
  NumErrors += verifyUnits(DCtx.getNormalUnitsVector());

  OS << "Verifying dwo Units...\n";
  NumErrors += verifyUnits(DCtx.getDWOUnitsVector());
  return NumErrors == 0;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyDieRanges(const DWARFDie &Die,
                                        DieRangeInfo &ParentRI) {
  unsigned NumErrors = 0;

  if (!Die.isValid())
    return NumErrors;

  DWARFUnit *Unit = Die.getDwarfUnit();

  auto RangesOrError = Die.getAddressRanges();
  if (!RangesOrError) {
    // FIXME: Report the error.
    if (!Unit->isDWOUnit())
      ++NumErrors;
    llvm::consumeError(RangesOrError.takeError());
    return NumErrors;
  }

  const DWARFAddressRangesVector &Ranges = RangesOrError.get();
  // Build RI for this DIE and check that ranges within this DIE do not
  // overlap.
  DieRangeInfo RI(Die);

  // TODO support object files better
  //
  // Some object file formats (i.e. non-MachO) support COMDAT.  ELF in
  // particular does so by placing each function into a section.  The DWARF data
  // for the function at that point uses a section relative DW_FORM_addrp for
  // the DW_AT_low_pc and a DW_FORM_data4 for the offset as the DW_AT_high_pc.
  // In such a case, when the Die is the CU, the ranges will overlap, and we
  // will flag valid conflicting ranges as invalid.
  //
  // For such targets, we should read the ranges from the CU and partition them
  // by the section id.  The ranges within a particular section should be
  // disjoint, although the ranges across sections may overlap.  We would map
  // the child die to the entity that it references and the section with which
  // it is associated.  The child would then be checked against the range
  // information for the associated section.
  //
  // For now, simply elide the range verification for the CU DIEs if we are
  // processing an object file.

  if (!IsObjectFile || IsMachOObject || Die.getTag() != DW_TAG_compile_unit) {
    bool DumpDieAfterError = false;
    for (const auto &Range : Ranges) {
      if (!Range.valid()) {
        ++NumErrors;
        ErrorCategory.Report("Invalid address range", [&]() {
          error() << "Invalid address range " << Range << "\n";
          DumpDieAfterError = true;
        });
        continue;
      }

      // Verify that ranges don't intersect and also build up the DieRangeInfo
      // address ranges. Don't break out of the loop below early, or we will
      // think this DIE doesn't have all of the address ranges it is supposed
      // to have. Compile units often have DW_AT_ranges that can contain one or
      // more dead stripped address ranges which tend to all be at the same
      // address: 0 or -1.
      if (auto PrevRange = RI.insert(Range)) {
        ++NumErrors;
        ErrorCategory.Report("DIE has overlapping DW_AT_ranges", [&]() {
          error() << "DIE has overlapping ranges in DW_AT_ranges attribute: "
                  << *PrevRange << " and " << Range << '\n';
          DumpDieAfterError = true;
        });
      }
    }
    if (DumpDieAfterError)
      dump(Die, 2) << '\n';
  }

  // Verify that children don't intersect.
  const auto IntersectingChild = ParentRI.insert(RI);
  if (IntersectingChild != ParentRI.Children.end()) {
    ++NumErrors;
    ErrorCategory.Report("DIEs have overlapping address ranges", [&]() {
      error() << "DIEs have overlapping address ranges:";
      dump(Die);
      dump(IntersectingChild->Die) << '\n';
    });
  }

  // Verify that ranges are contained within their parent.
  bool ShouldBeContained = !RI.Ranges.empty() && !ParentRI.Ranges.empty() &&
                           !(Die.getTag() == DW_TAG_subprogram &&
                             ParentRI.Die.getTag() == DW_TAG_subprogram);
  if (ShouldBeContained && !ParentRI.contains(RI)) {
    ++NumErrors;
    ErrorCategory.Report(
        "DIE address ranges are not contained by parent ranges", [&]() {
          error()
              << "DIE address ranges are not contained in its parent's ranges:";
          dump(ParentRI.Die);
          dump(Die, 2) << '\n';
        });
  }

  // Recursively check children.
  for (DWARFDie Child : Die)
    NumErrors += verifyDieRanges(Child, RI);

  return NumErrors;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyDebugInfoAttribute(const DWARFDie &Die,
                                                 DWARFAttribute &AttrValue) {
  unsigned NumErrors = 0;
  auto ReportError = [&](StringRef category, const Twine &TitleMsg) {
    ++NumErrors;
    ErrorCategory.Report(category, [&]() {
      error() << TitleMsg << '\n';
      dump(Die) << '\n';
    });
  };

  const DWARFObject &DObj = DCtx.getDWARFObj();
  DWARFUnit *U = Die.getDwarfUnit();
  const auto Attr = AttrValue.Attr;
  switch (Attr) {
  case DW_AT_ranges:
    // Make sure the offset in the DW_AT_ranges attribute is valid.
    if (auto SectionOffset = AttrValue.Value.getAsSectionOffset()) {
      unsigned DwarfVersion = U->getVersion();
      const DWARFSection &RangeSection = DwarfVersion < 5
                                             ? DObj.getRangesSection()
                                             : DObj.getRnglistsSection();
      if (U->isDWOUnit() && RangeSection.Data.empty())
        break;
      if (*SectionOffset >= RangeSection.Data.size())
        ReportError("DW_AT_ranges offset out of bounds",
                    "DW_AT_ranges offset is beyond " +
                        StringRef(DwarfVersion < 5 ? ".debug_ranges"
                                                   : ".debug_rnglists") +
                        " bounds: " + llvm::formatv("{0:x8}", *SectionOffset));
      break;
    }
    ReportError("Invalid DW_AT_ranges encoding",
                "DIE has invalid DW_AT_ranges encoding:");
    break;
  case DW_AT_stmt_list:
    // Make sure the offset in the DW_AT_stmt_list attribute is valid.
    if (auto SectionOffset = AttrValue.Value.getAsSectionOffset()) {
      if (*SectionOffset >= U->getLineSection().Data.size())
        ReportError("DW_AT_stmt_list offset out of bounds",
                    "DW_AT_stmt_list offset is beyond .debug_line bounds: " +
                        llvm::formatv("{0:x8}", *SectionOffset));
      break;
    }
    ReportError("Invalid DW_AT_stmt_list encoding",
                "DIE has invalid DW_AT_stmt_list encoding:");
    break;
  case DW_AT_location: {
    // FIXME: It might be nice if there's a way to walk location expressions
    // without trying to resolve the address ranges - it'd be a more efficient
    // API (since the API is currently unnecessarily resolving addresses for
    // this use case which only wants to validate the expressions themselves) &
    // then the expressions could be validated even if the addresses can't be
    // resolved.
    // That sort of API would probably look like a callback "for each
    // expression" with some way to lazily resolve the address ranges when
    // needed (& then the existing API used here could be built on top of that -
    // using the callback API to build the data structure and return it).
    if (Expected<std::vector<DWARFLocationExpression>> Loc =
            Die.getLocations(DW_AT_location)) {
      for (const auto &Entry : *Loc) {
        DataExtractor Data(toStringRef(Entry.Expr), DCtx.isLittleEndian(), 0);
        DWARFExpression Expression(Data, U->getAddressByteSize(),
                                   U->getFormParams().Format);
        bool Error =
            any_of(Expression, [](const DWARFExpression::Operation &Op) {
              return Op.isError();
            });
        if (Error || !Expression.verify(U))
          ReportError("Invalid DWARF expressions",
                      "DIE contains invalid DWARF expression:");
      }
    } else if (Error Err = handleErrors(
                   Loc.takeError(), [&](std::unique_ptr<ResolverError> E) {
                     return U->isDWOUnit() ? Error::success()
                                           : Error(std::move(E));
                   }))
      ReportError("Invalid DW_AT_location", toString(std::move(Err)));
    break;
  }
  case DW_AT_specification:
  case DW_AT_abstract_origin: {
    if (auto ReferencedDie = Die.getAttributeValueAsReferencedDie(Attr)) {
      auto DieTag = Die.getTag();
      auto RefTag = ReferencedDie.getTag();
      if (DieTag == RefTag)
        break;
      if (DieTag == DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine && RefTag == DW_TAG_subprogram)
        break;
      if (DieTag == DW_TAG_variable && RefTag == DW_TAG_member)
        break;
      // This might be reference to a function declaration.
      if (DieTag == DW_TAG_GNU_call_site && RefTag == DW_TAG_subprogram)
        break;
      ReportError("Incompatible DW_AT_abstract_origin tag reference",
                  "DIE with tag " + TagString(DieTag) + " has " +
                      AttributeString(Attr) +
                      " that points to DIE with "
                      "incompatible tag " +
                      TagString(RefTag));
    }
    break;
  }
  case DW_AT_type: {
    DWARFDie TypeDie = Die.getAttributeValueAsReferencedDie(DW_AT_type);
    if (TypeDie && !isType(TypeDie.getTag())) {
      ReportError("Incompatible DW_AT_type attribute tag",
                  "DIE has " + AttributeString(Attr) +
                      " with incompatible tag " + TagString(TypeDie.getTag()));
    }
    break;
  }
  case DW_AT_call_file:
  case DW_AT_decl_file: {
    if (auto FileIdx = AttrValue.Value.getAsUnsignedConstant()) {
      if (U->isDWOUnit() && !U->isTypeUnit())
        break;
      const auto *LT = U->getContext().getLineTableForUnit(U);
      if (LT) {
        if (!LT->hasFileAtIndex(*FileIdx)) {
          bool IsZeroIndexed = LT->Prologue.getVersion() >= 5;
          if (std::optional<uint64_t> LastFileIdx =
                  LT->getLastValidFileIndex()) {
            ReportError("Invalid file index in DW_AT_decl_file",
                        "DIE has " + AttributeString(Attr) +
                            " with an invalid file index " +
                            llvm::formatv("{0}", *FileIdx) +
                            " (valid values are [" +
                            (IsZeroIndexed ? "0-" : "1-") +
                            llvm::formatv("{0}", *LastFileIdx) + "])");
          } else {
            ReportError("Invalid file index in DW_AT_decl_file",
                        "DIE has " + AttributeString(Attr) +
                            " with an invalid file index " +
                            llvm::formatv("{0}", *FileIdx) +
                            " (the file table in the prologue is empty)");
          }
        }
      } else {
        ReportError(
            "File index in DW_AT_decl_file reference CU with no line table",
            "DIE has " + AttributeString(Attr) +
                " that references a file with index " +
                llvm::formatv("{0}", *FileIdx) +
                " and the compile unit has no line table");
      }
    } else {
      ReportError("Invalid encoding in DW_AT_decl_file",
                  "DIE has " + AttributeString(Attr) +
                      " with invalid encoding");
    }
    break;
  }
  case DW_AT_call_line:
  case DW_AT_decl_line: {
    if (!AttrValue.Value.getAsUnsignedConstant()) {
      ReportError(
          Attr == DW_AT_call_line ? "Invalid file index in DW_AT_decl_line"
                                  : "Invalid file index in DW_AT_call_line",
          "DIE has " + AttributeString(Attr) + " with invalid encoding");
    }
    break;
  }
  default:
    break;
  }
  return NumErrors;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyDebugInfoForm(const DWARFDie &Die,
                                            DWARFAttribute &AttrValue,
                                            ReferenceMap &LocalReferences,
                                            ReferenceMap &CrossUnitReferences) {
  auto DieCU = Die.getDwarfUnit();
  unsigned NumErrors = 0;
  const auto Form = AttrValue.Value.getForm();
  switch (Form) {
  case DW_FORM_ref1:
  case DW_FORM_ref2:
  case DW_FORM_ref4:
  case DW_FORM_ref8:
  case DW_FORM_ref_udata: {
    // Verify all CU relative references are valid CU offsets.
    std::optional<uint64_t> RefVal = AttrValue.Value.getAsRelativeReference();
    assert(RefVal);
    if (RefVal) {
      auto CUSize = DieCU->getNextUnitOffset() - DieCU->getOffset();
      auto CUOffset = AttrValue.Value.getRawUValue();
      if (CUOffset >= CUSize) {
        ++NumErrors;
        ErrorCategory.Report("Invalid CU offset", [&]() {
          error() << FormEncodingString(Form) << " CU offset "
                  << format("0x%08" PRIx64, CUOffset)
                  << " is invalid (must be less than CU size of "
                  << format("0x%08" PRIx64, CUSize) << "):\n";
          Die.dump(OS, 0, DumpOpts);
          dump(Die) << '\n';
        });
      } else {
        // Valid reference, but we will verify it points to an actual
        // DIE later.
        LocalReferences[AttrValue.Value.getUnit()->getOffset() + *RefVal]
            .insert(Die.getOffset());
      }
    }
    break;
  }
  case DW_FORM_ref_addr: {
    // Verify all absolute DIE references have valid offsets in the
    // .debug_info section.
    std::optional<uint64_t> RefVal = AttrValue.Value.getAsDebugInfoReference();
    assert(RefVal);
    if (RefVal) {
      if (*RefVal >= DieCU->getInfoSection().Data.size()) {
        ++NumErrors;
        ErrorCategory.Report("DW_FORM_ref_addr offset out of bounds", [&]() {
          error() << "DW_FORM_ref_addr offset beyond .debug_info "
                     "bounds:\n";
          dump(Die) << '\n';
        });
      } else {
        // Valid reference, but we will verify it points to an actual
        // DIE later.
        CrossUnitReferences[*RefVal].insert(Die.getOffset());
      }
    }
    break;
  }
  case DW_FORM_strp:
  case DW_FORM_strx:
  case DW_FORM_strx1:
  case DW_FORM_strx2:
  case DW_FORM_strx3:
  case DW_FORM_strx4:
  case DW_FORM_line_strp: {
    if (Error E = AttrValue.Value.getAsCString().takeError()) {
      ++NumErrors;
      std::string ErrMsg = toString(std::move(E));
      ErrorCategory.Report("Invalid DW_FORM attribute", [&]() {
        error() << ErrMsg << ":\n";
        dump(Die) << '\n';
      });
    }
    break;
  }
  default:
    break;
  }
  return NumErrors;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyDebugInfoReferences(
    const ReferenceMap &References,
    llvm::function_ref<DWARFUnit *(uint64_t)> GetUnitForOffset) {
  auto GetDIEForOffset = [&](uint64_t Offset) {
    if (DWARFUnit *U = GetUnitForOffset(Offset))
      return U->getDIEForOffset(Offset);
    return DWARFDie();
  };
  unsigned NumErrors = 0;
  for (const std::pair<const uint64_t, std::set<uint64_t>> &Pair :
       References) {
    if (GetDIEForOffset(Pair.first))
      continue;
    ++NumErrors;
    ErrorCategory.Report("Invalid DIE reference", [&]() {
      error() << "invalid DIE reference " << format("0x%08" PRIx64, Pair.first)
              << ". Offset is in between DIEs:\n";
      for (auto Offset : Pair.second)
        dump(GetDIEForOffset(Offset)) << '\n';
      OS << "\n";
    });
  }
  return NumErrors;
}

void DWARFVerifier::verifyDebugLineStmtOffsets() {
  std::map<uint64_t, DWARFDie> StmtListToDie;
  for (const auto &CU : DCtx.compile_units()) {
    auto Die = CU->getUnitDIE();
    // Get the attribute value as a section offset. No need to produce an
    // error here if the encoding isn't correct because we validate this in
    // the .debug_info verifier.
    auto StmtSectionOffset = toSectionOffset(Die.find(DW_AT_stmt_list));
    if (!StmtSectionOffset)
      continue;
    const uint64_t LineTableOffset = *StmtSectionOffset;
    auto LineTable = DCtx.getLineTableForUnit(CU.get());
    if (LineTableOffset < DCtx.getDWARFObj().getLineSection().Data.size()) {
      if (!LineTable) {
        ++NumDebugLineErrors;
        ErrorCategory.Report("Unparsable .debug_line entry", [&]() {
          error() << ".debug_line[" << format("0x%08" PRIx64, LineTableOffset)
                  << "] was not able to be parsed for CU:\n";
          dump(Die) << '\n';
        });
        continue;
      }
    } else {
      // Make sure we don't get a valid line table back if the offset is wrong.
      assert(LineTable == nullptr);
      // Skip this line table as it isn't valid. No need to create an error
      // here because we validate this in the .debug_info verifier.
      continue;
    }
    auto Iter = StmtListToDie.find(LineTableOffset);
    if (Iter != StmtListToDie.end()) {
      ++NumDebugLineErrors;
      ErrorCategory.Report("Identical DW_AT_stmt_list section offset", [&]() {
        error() << "two compile unit DIEs, "
                << format("0x%08" PRIx64, Iter->second.getOffset()) << " and "
                << format("0x%08" PRIx64, Die.getOffset())
                << ", have the same DW_AT_stmt_list section offset:\n";
        dump(Iter->second);
        dump(Die) << '\n';
      });
      // Already verified this line table before, no need to do it again.
      continue;
    }
    StmtListToDie[LineTableOffset] = Die;
  }
}

void DWARFVerifier::verifyDebugLineRows() {
  for (const auto &CU : DCtx.compile_units()) {
    auto Die = CU->getUnitDIE();
    auto LineTable = DCtx.getLineTableForUnit(CU.get());
    // If there is no line table we will have created an error in the
    // .debug_info verifier or in verifyDebugLineStmtOffsets().
    if (!LineTable)
      continue;

    // Verify prologue.
    bool isDWARF5 = LineTable->Prologue.getVersion() >= 5;
    uint32_t MaxDirIndex = LineTable->Prologue.IncludeDirectories.size();
    uint32_t MinFileIndex = isDWARF5 ? 0 : 1;
    uint32_t FileIndex = MinFileIndex;
    StringMap<uint16_t> FullPathMap;
    for (const auto &FileName : LineTable->Prologue.FileNames) {
      // Verify directory index.
      if (FileName.DirIdx > MaxDirIndex) {
        ++NumDebugLineErrors;
        ErrorCategory.Report(
            "Invalid index in .debug_line->prologue.file_names->dir_idx",
            [&]() {
              error() << ".debug_line["
                      << format("0x%08" PRIx64,
                                *toSectionOffset(Die.find(DW_AT_stmt_list)))
                      << "].prologue.file_names[" << FileIndex
                      << "].dir_idx contains an invalid index: "
                      << FileName.DirIdx << "\n";
            });
      }

      // Check file paths for duplicates.
      std::string FullPath;
      const bool HasFullPath = LineTable->getFileNameByIndex(
          FileIndex, CU->getCompilationDir(),
          DILineInfoSpecifier::FileLineInfoKind::AbsoluteFilePath, FullPath);
      assert(HasFullPath && "Invalid index?");
      (void)HasFullPath;
      auto [It, Inserted] = FullPathMap.try_emplace(FullPath, FileIndex);
      if (!Inserted && It->second != FileIndex && DumpOpts.Verbose) {
        warn() << ".debug_line["
               << format("0x%08" PRIx64,
                         *toSectionOffset(Die.find(DW_AT_stmt_list)))
               << "].prologue.file_names[" << FileIndex
               << "] is a duplicate of file_names[" << It->second << "]\n";
      }

      FileIndex++;
    }

    // Nothing to verify in a line table with a single row containing the end
    // sequence.
    if (LineTable->Rows.size() == 1 && LineTable->Rows.front().EndSequence)
      continue;

    // Verify rows.
    uint64_t PrevAddress = 0;
    uint32_t RowIndex = 0;
    for (const auto &Row : LineTable->Rows) {
      // Verify row address.
      if (Row.Address.Address < PrevAddress) {
        ++NumDebugLineErrors;
        ErrorCategory.Report(
            "decreasing address between debug_line rows", [&]() {
              error() << ".debug_line["
                      << format("0x%08" PRIx64,
                                *toSectionOffset(Die.find(DW_AT_stmt_list)))
                      << "] row[" << RowIndex
                      << "] decreases in address from previous row:\n";

              DWARFDebugLine::Row::dumpTableHeader(OS, 0);
              if (RowIndex > 0)
                LineTable->Rows[RowIndex - 1].dump(OS);
              Row.dump(OS);
              OS << '\n';
            });
      }

      if (!LineTable->hasFileAtIndex(Row.File)) {
        ++NumDebugLineErrors;
        ErrorCategory.Report("Invalid file index in debug_line", [&]() {
          error() << ".debug_line["
                  << format("0x%08" PRIx64,
                            *toSectionOffset(Die.find(DW_AT_stmt_list)))
                  << "][" << RowIndex << "] has invalid file index " << Row.File
                  << " (valid values are [" << MinFileIndex << ','
                  << LineTable->Prologue.FileNames.size()
                  << (isDWARF5 ? ")" : "]") << "):\n";
          DWARFDebugLine::Row::dumpTableHeader(OS, 0);
          Row.dump(OS);
          OS << '\n';
        });
      }
      if (Row.EndSequence)
        PrevAddress = 0;
      else
        PrevAddress = Row.Address.Address;
      ++RowIndex;
    }
  }
}

DWARFVerifier::DWARFVerifier(raw_ostream &S, DWARFContext &D,
                             DIDumpOptions DumpOpts)
    : OS(S), DCtx(D), DumpOpts(std::move(DumpOpts)), IsObjectFile(false),
      IsMachOObject(false) {
  ErrorCategory.ShowDetail(this->DumpOpts.Verbose ||
                           !this->DumpOpts.ShowAggregateErrors);
  if (const auto *F = DCtx.getDWARFObj().getFile()) {
    IsObjectFile = F->isRelocatableObject();
    IsMachOObject = F->isMachO();
  }
}

bool DWARFVerifier::handleDebugLine() {
  NumDebugLineErrors = 0;
  OS << "Verifying .debug_line...\n";
  verifyDebugLineStmtOffsets();
  verifyDebugLineRows();
  return NumDebugLineErrors == 0;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyAppleAccelTable(const DWARFSection *AccelSection,
                                              DataExtractor *StrData,
                                              const char *SectionName) {
  unsigned NumErrors = 0;
  DWARFDataExtractor AccelSectionData(DCtx.getDWARFObj(), *AccelSection,
                                      DCtx.isLittleEndian(), 0);
  AppleAcceleratorTable AccelTable(AccelSectionData, *StrData);

  OS << "Verifying " << SectionName << "...\n";

  // Verify that the fixed part of the header is not too short.
  if (!AccelSectionData.isValidOffset(AccelTable.getSizeHdr())) {
    ErrorCategory.Report("Section is too small to fit a section header", [&]() {
      error() << "Section is too small to fit a section header.\n";
    });
    return 1;
  }

  // Verify that the section is not too short.
  if (Error E = AccelTable.extract()) {
    std::string Msg = toString(std::move(E));
    ErrorCategory.Report("Section is too small to fit a section header",
                         [&]() { error() << Msg << '\n'; });
    return 1;
  }

  // Verify that all buckets have a valid hash index or are empty.
  uint32_t NumBuckets = AccelTable.getNumBuckets();
  uint32_t NumHashes = AccelTable.getNumHashes();

  uint64_t BucketsOffset =
      AccelTable.getSizeHdr() + AccelTable.getHeaderDataLength();
  uint64_t HashesBase = BucketsOffset + NumBuckets * 4;
  uint64_t OffsetsBase = HashesBase + NumHashes * 4;
  for (uint32_t BucketIdx = 0; BucketIdx < NumBuckets; ++BucketIdx) {
    uint32_t HashIdx = AccelSectionData.getU32(&BucketsOffset);
    if (HashIdx >= NumHashes && HashIdx != UINT32_MAX) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Invalid hash index", [&]() {
        error() << format("Bucket[%d] has invalid hash index: %u.\n", BucketIdx,
                          HashIdx);
      });
      ++NumErrors;
    }
  }
  uint32_t NumAtoms = AccelTable.getAtomsDesc().size();
  if (NumAtoms == 0) {
    ErrorCategory.Report("No atoms", [&]() {
      error() << "No atoms: failed to read HashData.\n";
    });
    return 1;
  }
  if (!AccelTable.validateForms()) {
    ErrorCategory.Report("Unsupported form", [&]() {
      error() << "Unsupported form: failed to read HashData.\n";
    });
    return 1;
  }

  for (uint32_t HashIdx = 0; HashIdx < NumHashes; ++HashIdx) {
    uint64_t HashOffset = HashesBase + 4 * HashIdx;
    uint64_t DataOffset = OffsetsBase + 4 * HashIdx;
    uint32_t Hash = AccelSectionData.getU32(&HashOffset);
    uint64_t HashDataOffset = AccelSectionData.getU32(&DataOffset);
    if (!AccelSectionData.isValidOffsetForDataOfSize(HashDataOffset,
                                                     sizeof(uint64_t))) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Invalid HashData offset", [&]() {
        error() << format("Hash[%d] has invalid HashData offset: "
                          "0x%08" PRIx64 ".\n",
                          HashIdx, HashDataOffset);
      });
      ++NumErrors;
    }

    uint64_t StrpOffset;
    uint64_t StringOffset;
    uint32_t StringCount = 0;
    uint64_t Offset;
    unsigned Tag;
    while ((StrpOffset = AccelSectionData.getU32(&HashDataOffset)) != 0) {
      const uint32_t NumHashDataObjects =
          AccelSectionData.getU32(&HashDataOffset);
      for (uint32_t HashDataIdx = 0; HashDataIdx < NumHashDataObjects;
           ++HashDataIdx) {
        std::tie(Offset, Tag) = AccelTable.readAtoms(&HashDataOffset);
        auto Die = DCtx.getDIEForOffset(Offset);
        if (!Die) {
          const uint32_t BucketIdx =
              NumBuckets ? (Hash % NumBuckets) : UINT32_MAX;
          StringOffset = StrpOffset;
          const char *Name = StrData->getCStr(&StringOffset);
          if (!Name)
            Name = "<NULL>";

          ErrorCategory.Report("Invalid DIE offset", [&]() {
            error() << format(
                "%s Bucket[%d] Hash[%d] = 0x%08x "
                "Str[%u] = 0x%08" PRIx64 " DIE[%d] = 0x%08" PRIx64 " "
                "is not a valid DIE offset for \"%s\".\n",
                SectionName, BucketIdx, HashIdx, Hash, StringCount, StrpOffset,
                HashDataIdx, Offset, Name);
          });

          ++NumErrors;
          continue;
        }
        if ((Tag != dwarf::DW_TAG_null) && (Die.getTag() != Tag)) {
          ErrorCategory.Report("Mismatched Tag in accellerator table", [&]() {
            error() << "Tag " << dwarf::TagString(Tag)
                    << " in accelerator table does not match Tag "
                    << dwarf::TagString(Die.getTag()) << " of DIE["
                    << HashDataIdx << "].\n";
          });
          ++NumErrors;
        }
      }
      ++StringCount;
    }
  }
  return NumErrors;
}

unsigned
DWARFVerifier::verifyDebugNamesCULists(const DWARFDebugNames &AccelTable) {
  // A map from CU offset to the (first) Name Index offset which claims to index
  // this CU.
  DenseMap<uint64_t, uint64_t> CUMap;
  const uint64_t NotIndexed = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();

  CUMap.reserve(DCtx.getNumCompileUnits());
  for (const auto &CU : DCtx.compile_units())
    CUMap[CU->getOffset()] = NotIndexed;

  unsigned NumErrors = 0;
  for (const DWARFDebugNames::NameIndex &NI : AccelTable) {
    if (NI.getCUCount() == 0) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Name Index doesn't index any CU", [&]() {
        error() << formatv("Name Index @ {0:x} does not index any CU\n",
                           NI.getUnitOffset());
      });
      ++NumErrors;
      continue;
    }
    for (uint32_t CU = 0, End = NI.getCUCount(); CU < End; ++CU) {
      uint64_t Offset = NI.getCUOffset(CU);
      auto Iter = CUMap.find(Offset);

      if (Iter == CUMap.end()) {
        ErrorCategory.Report("Name Index references non-existing CU", [&]() {
          error() << formatv(
              "Name Index @ {0:x} references a non-existing CU @ {1:x}\n",
              NI.getUnitOffset(), Offset);
        });
        ++NumErrors;
        continue;
      }

      if (Iter->second != NotIndexed) {
        ErrorCategory.Report("Duplicate Name Index", [&]() {
          error() << formatv(
              "Name Index @ {0:x} references a CU @ {1:x}, but "
              "this CU is already indexed by Name Index @ {2:x}\n",
              NI.getUnitOffset(), Offset, Iter->second);
        });
        continue;
      }
      Iter->second = NI.getUnitOffset();
    }
  }

  for (const auto &KV : CUMap) {
    if (KV.second == NotIndexed)
      warn() << formatv("CU @ {0:x} not covered by any Name Index\n", KV.first);
  }

  return NumErrors;
}

unsigned
DWARFVerifier::verifyNameIndexBuckets(const DWARFDebugNames::NameIndex &NI,
                                      const DataExtractor &StrData) {
  struct BucketInfo {
    uint32_t Bucket;
    uint32_t Index;

    constexpr BucketInfo(uint32_t Bucket, uint32_t Index)
        : Bucket(Bucket), Index(Index) {}
    bool operator<(const BucketInfo &RHS) const { return Index < RHS.Index; }
  };

  uint32_t NumErrors = 0;
  if (NI.getBucketCount() == 0) {
    warn() << formatv("Name Index @ {0:x} does not contain a hash table.\n",
                      NI.getUnitOffset());
    return NumErrors;
  }

  // Build up a list of (Bucket, Index) pairs. We use this later to verify that
  // each Name is reachable from the appropriate bucket.
  std::vector<BucketInfo> BucketStarts;
  BucketStarts.reserve(NI.getBucketCount() + 1);
  for (uint32_t Bucket = 0, End = NI.getBucketCount(); Bucket < End; ++Bucket) {
    uint32_t Index = NI.getBucketArrayEntry(Bucket);
    if (Index > NI.getNameCount()) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Name Index Bucket contains invalid value", [&]() {
        error() << formatv("Bucket {0} of Name Index @ {1:x} contains invalid "
                           "value {2}. Valid range is [0, {3}].\n",
                           Bucket, NI.getUnitOffset(), Index,
                           NI.getNameCount());
      });
      ++NumErrors;
      continue;
    }
    if (Index > 0)
      BucketStarts.emplace_back(Bucket, Index);
  }

  // If there were any buckets with invalid values, skip further checks as they
  // will likely produce many errors which will only confuse the actual root
  // problem.
  if (NumErrors > 0)
    return NumErrors;

  // Sort the list in the order of increasing "Index" entries.
  array_pod_sort(BucketStarts.begin(), BucketStarts.end());

  // Insert a sentinel entry at the end, so we can check that the end of the
  // table is covered in the loop below.
  BucketStarts.emplace_back(NI.getBucketCount(), NI.getNameCount() + 1);

  // Loop invariant: NextUncovered is the (1-based) index of the first Name
  // which is not reachable by any of the buckets we processed so far (and
  // hasn't been reported as uncovered).
  uint32_t NextUncovered = 1;
  for (const BucketInfo &B : BucketStarts) {
    // Under normal circumstances B.Index be equal to NextUncovered, but it can
    // be less if a bucket points to names which are already known to be in some
    // bucket we processed earlier. In that case, we won't trigger this error,
    // but report the mismatched hash value error instead. (We know the hash
    // will not match because we have already verified that the name's hash
    // puts it into the previous bucket.)
    if (B.Index > NextUncovered) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Name table entries uncovered by hash table", [&]() {
        error() << formatv("Name Index @ {0:x}: Name table entries [{1}, {2}] "
                           "are not covered by the hash table.\n",
                           NI.getUnitOffset(), NextUncovered, B.Index - 1);
      });
      ++NumErrors;
    }
    uint32_t Idx = B.Index;

    // The rest of the checks apply only to non-sentinel entries.
    if (B.Bucket == NI.getBucketCount())
      break;

    // This triggers if a non-empty bucket points to a name with a mismatched
    // hash. Clients are likely to interpret this as an empty bucket, because a
    // mismatched hash signals the end of a bucket, but if this is indeed an
    // empty bucket, the producer should have signalled this by marking the
    // bucket as empty.
    uint32_t FirstHash = NI.getHashArrayEntry(Idx);
    if (FirstHash % NI.getBucketCount() != B.Bucket) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Name Index point to mismatched hash value", [&]() {
        error() << formatv(
            "Name Index @ {0:x}: Bucket {1} is not empty but points to a "
            "mismatched hash value {2:x} (belonging to bucket {3}).\n",
            NI.getUnitOffset(), B.Bucket, FirstHash,
            FirstHash % NI.getBucketCount());
      });
      ++NumErrors;
    }

    // This find the end of this bucket and also verifies that all the hashes in
    // this bucket are correct by comparing the stored hashes to the ones we
    // compute ourselves.
    while (Idx <= NI.getNameCount()) {
      uint32_t Hash = NI.getHashArrayEntry(Idx);
      if (Hash % NI.getBucketCount() != B.Bucket)
        break;

      const char *Str = NI.getNameTableEntry(Idx).getString();
      if (caseFoldingDjbHash(Str) != Hash) {
        ErrorCategory.Report(
            "String hash doesn't match Name Index hash", [&]() {
              error() << formatv(
                  "Name Index @ {0:x}: String ({1}) at index {2} "
                  "hashes to {3:x}, but "
                  "the Name Index hash is {4:x}\n",
                  NI.getUnitOffset(), Str, Idx, caseFoldingDjbHash(Str), Hash);
            });
        ++NumErrors;
      }

      ++Idx;
    }
    NextUncovered = std::max(NextUncovered, Idx);
  }
  return NumErrors;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyNameIndexAttribute(
    const DWARFDebugNames::NameIndex &NI, const DWARFDebugNames::Abbrev &Abbr,
    DWARFDebugNames::AttributeEncoding AttrEnc) {
  StringRef FormName = dwarf::FormEncodingString(AttrEnc.Form);
  if (FormName.empty()) {
    ErrorCategory.Report("Unknown NameIndex Abbreviation", [&]() {
      error() << formatv("NameIndex @ {0:x}: Abbreviation {1:x}: {2} uses an "
                         "unknown form: {3}.\n",
                         NI.getUnitOffset(), Abbr.Code, AttrEnc.Index,
                         AttrEnc.Form);
    });
    return 1;
  }

  if (AttrEnc.Index == DW_IDX_type_hash) {
    if (AttrEnc.Form != dwarf::DW_FORM_data8) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Unexpected NameIndex Abbreviation", [&]() {
        error() << formatv(
            "NameIndex @ {0:x}: Abbreviation {1:x}: DW_IDX_type_hash "
            "uses an unexpected form {2} (should be {3}).\n",
            NI.getUnitOffset(), Abbr.Code, AttrEnc.Form, dwarf::DW_FORM_data8);
      });
      return 1;
    }
    return 0;
  }

  if (AttrEnc.Index == dwarf::DW_IDX_parent) {
    constexpr static auto AllowedForms = {dwarf::Form::DW_FORM_flag_present,
                                          dwarf::Form::DW_FORM_ref4};
    if (!is_contained(AllowedForms, AttrEnc.Form)) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Unexpected NameIndex Abbreviation", [&]() {
        error() << formatv(
            "NameIndex @ {0:x}: Abbreviation {1:x}: DW_IDX_parent "
            "uses an unexpected form {2} (should be "
            "DW_FORM_ref4 or DW_FORM_flag_present).\n",
            NI.getUnitOffset(), Abbr.Code, AttrEnc.Form);
      });
      return 1;
    }
    return 0;
  }

  // A list of known index attributes and their expected form classes.
  // DW_IDX_type_hash is handled specially in the check above, as it has a
  // specific form (not just a form class) we should expect.
  struct FormClassTable {
    dwarf::Index Index;
    DWARFFormValue::FormClass Class;
    StringLiteral ClassName;
  };
  static constexpr FormClassTable Table[] = {
      {dwarf::DW_IDX_compile_unit, DWARFFormValue::FC_Constant, {"constant"}},
      {dwarf::DW_IDX_type_unit, DWARFFormValue::FC_Constant, {"constant"}},
      {dwarf::DW_IDX_die_offset, DWARFFormValue::FC_Reference, {"reference"}},
  };

  ArrayRef<FormClassTable> TableRef(Table);
  auto Iter = find_if(TableRef, [AttrEnc](const FormClassTable &T) {
    return T.Index == AttrEnc.Index;
  });
  if (Iter == TableRef.end()) {
    warn() << formatv("NameIndex @ {0:x}: Abbreviation {1:x} contains an "
                      "unknown index attribute: {2}.\n",
                      NI.getUnitOffset(), Abbr.Code, AttrEnc.Index);
    return 0;
  }

  if (!DWARFFormValue(AttrEnc.Form).isFormClass(Iter->Class)) {
    ErrorCategory.Report("Unexpected NameIndex Abbreviation", [&]() {
      error() << formatv("NameIndex @ {0:x}: Abbreviation {1:x}: {2} uses an "
                         "unexpected form {3} (expected form class {4}).\n",
                         NI.getUnitOffset(), Abbr.Code, AttrEnc.Index,
                         AttrEnc.Form, Iter->ClassName);
    });
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

unsigned
DWARFVerifier::verifyNameIndexAbbrevs(const DWARFDebugNames::NameIndex &NI) {
  unsigned NumErrors = 0;
  for (const auto &Abbrev : NI.getAbbrevs()) {
    StringRef TagName = dwarf::TagString(Abbrev.Tag);
    if (TagName.empty()) {
      warn() << formatv("NameIndex @ {0:x}: Abbreviation {1:x} references an "
                        "unknown tag: {2}.\n",
                        NI.getUnitOffset(), Abbrev.Code, Abbrev.Tag);
    }
    SmallSet<unsigned, 5> Attributes;
    for (const auto &AttrEnc : Abbrev.Attributes) {
      if (!Attributes.insert(AttrEnc.Index).second) {
        ErrorCategory.Report(
            "NameIndex Abbreviateion contains multiple attributes", [&]() {
              error() << formatv(
                  "NameIndex @ {0:x}: Abbreviation {1:x} contains "
                  "multiple {2} attributes.\n",
                  NI.getUnitOffset(), Abbrev.Code, AttrEnc.Index);
            });
        ++NumErrors;
        continue;
      }
      NumErrors += verifyNameIndexAttribute(NI, Abbrev, AttrEnc);
    }

    if (NI.getCUCount() > 1 && !Attributes.count(dwarf::DW_IDX_compile_unit) &&
        !Attributes.count(dwarf::DW_IDX_type_unit)) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Abbreviation contains no attribute", [&]() {
        error() << formatv("NameIndex @ {0:x}: Indexing multiple compile units "
                           "and abbreviation {1:x} has no DW_IDX_compile_unit "
                           "or DW_IDX_type_unit attribute.\n",
                           NI.getUnitOffset(), Abbrev.Code);
      });
      ++NumErrors;
    }
    if (!Attributes.count(dwarf::DW_IDX_die_offset)) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Abbreviate in NameIndex missing attribute", [&]() {
        error() << formatv(
            "NameIndex @ {0:x}: Abbreviation {1:x} has no {2} attribute.\n",
            NI.getUnitOffset(), Abbrev.Code, dwarf::DW_IDX_die_offset);
      });
      ++NumErrors;
    }
  }
  return NumErrors;
}

static SmallVector<std::string, 3> getNames(const DWARFDie &DIE,
                                            bool IncludeStrippedTemplateNames,
                                            bool IncludeObjCNames = true,
                                            bool IncludeLinkageName = true) {
  SmallVector<std::string, 3> Result;
  if (const char *Str = DIE.getShortName()) {
    StringRef Name(Str);
    Result.emplace_back(Name);
    if (IncludeStrippedTemplateNames) {
      if (std::optional<StringRef> StrippedName =
              StripTemplateParameters(Result.back()))
        // Convert to std::string and push; emplacing the StringRef may trigger
        // a vector resize which may destroy the StringRef memory.
        Result.push_back(StrippedName->str());
    }

    if (IncludeObjCNames) {
      if (std::optional<ObjCSelectorNames> ObjCNames =
              getObjCNamesIfSelector(Name)) {
        Result.emplace_back(ObjCNames->ClassName);
        Result.emplace_back(ObjCNames->Selector);
        if (ObjCNames->ClassNameNoCategory)
          Result.emplace_back(*ObjCNames->ClassNameNoCategory);
        if (ObjCNames->MethodNameNoCategory)
          Result.push_back(std::move(*ObjCNames->MethodNameNoCategory));
      }
    }
  } else if (DIE.getTag() == dwarf::DW_TAG_namespace)
    Result.emplace_back("(anonymous namespace)");

  if (IncludeLinkageName) {
    if (const char *Str = DIE.getLinkageName())
      Result.emplace_back(Str);
  }

  return Result;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyNameIndexEntries(
    const DWARFDebugNames::NameIndex &NI,
    const DWARFDebugNames::NameTableEntry &NTE) {
  const char *CStr = NTE.getString();
  if (!CStr) {
    ErrorCategory.Report("Unable to get string associated with name", [&]() {
      error() << formatv("Name Index @ {0:x}: Unable to get string associated "
                         "with name {1}.\n",
                         NI.getUnitOffset(), NTE.getIndex());
    });
    return 1;
  }
  StringRef Str(CStr);

  unsigned NumErrors = 0;
  unsigned NumEntries = 0;
  uint64_t EntryID = NTE.getEntryOffset();
  uint64_t NextEntryID = EntryID;
  Expected<DWARFDebugNames::Entry> EntryOr = NI.getEntry(&NextEntryID);
  for (; EntryOr; ++NumEntries, EntryID = NextEntryID,
                                EntryOr = NI.getEntry(&NextEntryID)) {

    std::optional<uint64_t> CUIndex = EntryOr->getRelatedCUIndex();
    std::optional<uint64_t> TUIndex = EntryOr->getTUIndex();
    if (CUIndex && *CUIndex >= NI.getCUCount()) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Name Index entry contains invalid CU index", [&]() {
        error() << formatv("Name Index @ {0:x}: Entry @ {1:x} contains an "
                           "invalid CU index ({2}).\n",
                           NI.getUnitOffset(), EntryID, *CUIndex);
      });
      ++NumErrors;
      continue;
    }
    const uint32_t NumLocalTUs = NI.getLocalTUCount();
    const uint32_t NumForeignTUs = NI.getForeignTUCount();
    if (TUIndex && *TUIndex >= (NumLocalTUs + NumForeignTUs)) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Name Index entry contains invalid TU index", [&]() {
        error() << formatv("Name Index @ {0:x}: Entry @ {1:x} contains an "
                           "invalid TU index ({2}).\n",
                           NI.getUnitOffset(), EntryID, *TUIndex);
      });
      ++NumErrors;
      continue;
    }
    std::optional<uint64_t> UnitOffset;
    if (TUIndex) {
      // We have a local or foreign type unit.
      if (*TUIndex >= NumLocalTUs) {
        // This is a foreign type unit, we will find the right type unit by
        // type unit signature later in this function.

        // Foreign type units must have a valid CU index, either from a
        // DW_IDX_comp_unit attribute value or from the .debug_names table only
        // having a single compile unit. We need the originating compile unit
        // because foreign type units can come from any .dwo file, yet only one
        // copy of the type unit will end up in the .dwp file.
        if (CUIndex) {
          // We need the local skeleton unit offset for the code below.
          UnitOffset = NI.getCUOffset(*CUIndex);
        } else {
          ErrorCategory.Report(
              "Name Index entry contains foreign TU index with invalid CU "
              "index",
              [&]() {
                error() << formatv(
                    "Name Index @ {0:x}: Entry @ {1:x} contains an "
                    "foreign TU index ({2}) with no CU index.\n",
                    NI.getUnitOffset(), EntryID, *TUIndex);
              });
          ++NumErrors;
          continue;
        }
      } else {
        // Local type unit, get the DWARF unit offset for the type unit.
        UnitOffset = NI.getLocalTUOffset(*TUIndex);
      }
    } else if (CUIndex) {
      // Local CU entry, get the DWARF unit offset for the CU.
      UnitOffset = NI.getCUOffset(*CUIndex);
    }

    // Watch for tombstoned type unit entries.
    if (!UnitOffset || UnitOffset == UINT32_MAX)
      continue;
    // For split DWARF entries we need to make sure we find the non skeleton
    // DWARF unit that is needed and use that's DWARF unit offset as the
    // DIE offset to add the DW_IDX_die_offset to.
    DWARFUnit *DU = DCtx.getUnitForOffset(*UnitOffset);
    if (DU == nullptr || DU->getOffset() != *UnitOffset) {
      // If we didn't find a DWARF Unit from the UnitOffset, or if the offset
      // of the unit doesn't match exactly, report an error.
      ErrorCategory.Report(
          "Name Index entry contains invalid CU or TU offset", [&]() {
            error() << formatv("Name Index @ {0:x}: Entry @ {1:x} contains an "
                               "invalid CU or TU offset {2:x}.\n",
                               NI.getUnitOffset(), EntryID, *UnitOffset);
          });
      ++NumErrors;
      continue;
    }
    // This function will try to get the non skeleton unit DIE, but if it is
    // unable to load the .dwo file from the .dwo or .dwp, it will return the
    // unit DIE of the DWARFUnit in "DU". So we need to check if the DWARFUnit
    // has a .dwo file, but we couldn't load it.

    // FIXME: Need a follow up patch to fix usage of
    // DWARFUnit::getNonSkeletonUnitDIE() so that it returns an empty DWARFDie
    // if the .dwo file isn't available and clean up other uses of this function
    // call to properly deal with it. It isn't clear that getNonSkeletonUnitDIE
    // will return the unit DIE of DU if we aren't able to get the .dwo file,
    // but that is what the function currently does.
    DWARFDie UnitDie = DU->getUnitDIE();
    DWARFDie NonSkeletonUnitDie = DU->getNonSkeletonUnitDIE();
    if (DU->getDWOId() && UnitDie == NonSkeletonUnitDie) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Unable to get load .dwo file", [&]() {
        error() << formatv(
            "Name Index @ {0:x}: Entry @ {1:x} unable to load "
            ".dwo file \"{2}\" for DWARF unit @ {3:x}.\n",
            NI.getUnitOffset(), EntryID,
            dwarf::toString(UnitDie.find({DW_AT_dwo_name, DW_AT_GNU_dwo_name})),
            *UnitOffset);
      });
      ++NumErrors;
      continue;
    }
    DWARFUnit *NonSkeletonUnit = nullptr;
    if (TUIndex && *TUIndex >= NumLocalTUs) {
      // We have a foreign TU index, which either means we have a .dwo file
      // that has one or more type units, or we have a .dwp file with one or
      // more type units. We need to get the type unit from the DWARFContext
      // of the .dwo. We got the NonSkeletonUnitDie above that has the .dwo
      // or .dwp DWARF context, so we have to get the type unit from that file.
      // We have also verified that NonSkeletonUnitDie points to a DWO file
      // above, so we know we have the right file.
      const uint32_t ForeignTUIdx = *TUIndex - NumLocalTUs;
      const uint64_t TypeSig = NI.getForeignTUSignature(ForeignTUIdx);
      llvm::DWARFContext &SkeletonDCtx =
          NonSkeletonUnitDie.getDwarfUnit()->getContext();
      // Now find the type unit from the type signature and then update the
      // NonSkeletonUnitDie to point to the actual type unit in the .dwo/.dwp.
      NonSkeletonUnit =
          SkeletonDCtx.getTypeUnitForHash(TypeSig, /*IsDWO=*/true);
      NonSkeletonUnitDie = NonSkeletonUnit->getUnitDIE(true);
      // If we have foreign type unit in a DWP file, then we need to ignore
      // any entries from type units that don't match the one that made it into
      // the .dwp file.
      if (SkeletonDCtx.isDWP()) {
        StringRef DUDwoName = dwarf::toStringRef(
            UnitDie.find({DW_AT_dwo_name, DW_AT_GNU_dwo_name}));
        StringRef TUDwoName = dwarf::toStringRef(
            NonSkeletonUnitDie.find({DW_AT_dwo_name, DW_AT_GNU_dwo_name}));
        if (DUDwoName != TUDwoName)
          continue; // Skip this TU, it isn't the one in the .dwp file.
      }
    } else {
      NonSkeletonUnit = NonSkeletonUnitDie.getDwarfUnit();
    }
    uint64_t DIEOffset =
        NonSkeletonUnit->getOffset() + *EntryOr->getDIEUnitOffset();
    const uint64_t NextUnitOffset = NonSkeletonUnit->getNextUnitOffset();
    // DIE offsets are relative to the specified CU or TU. Make sure the DIE
    // offsets is a valid relative offset.
    if (DIEOffset >= NextUnitOffset) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("NameIndex relative DIE offset too large", [&]() {
        error() << formatv("Name Index @ {0:x}: Entry @ {1:x} references a "
                           "DIE @ {2:x} when CU or TU ends at {3:x}.\n",
                           NI.getUnitOffset(), EntryID, DIEOffset,
                           NextUnitOffset);
      });
      continue;
    }
    DWARFDie DIE = NonSkeletonUnit->getDIEForOffset(DIEOffset);

    if (!DIE) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("NameIndex references nonexistent DIE", [&]() {
        error() << formatv("Name Index @ {0:x}: Entry @ {1:x} references a "
                           "non-existing DIE @ {2:x}.\n",
                           NI.getUnitOffset(), EntryID, DIEOffset);
      });
      ++NumErrors;
      continue;
    }
    // Only compare the DIE we found's DWARFUnit offset if the DIE lives in
    // the DWARFUnit from the DW_IDX_comp_unit or DW_IDX_type_unit. If we are
    // using split DWARF, then the DIE's DWARFUnit doesn't need to match the
    // skeleton unit.
    if (DIE.getDwarfUnit() == DU &&
        DIE.getDwarfUnit()->getOffset() != *UnitOffset) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Name index contains mismatched CU of DIE", [&]() {
        error() << formatv(
            "Name Index @ {0:x}: Entry @ {1:x}: mismatched CU of "
            "DIE @ {2:x}: index - {3:x}; debug_info - {4:x}.\n",
            NI.getUnitOffset(), EntryID, DIEOffset, *UnitOffset,
            DIE.getDwarfUnit()->getOffset());
      });
      ++NumErrors;
    }
    if (DIE.getTag() != EntryOr->tag()) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Name Index contains mismatched Tag of DIE", [&]() {
        error() << formatv(
            "Name Index @ {0:x}: Entry @ {1:x}: mismatched Tag of "
            "DIE @ {2:x}: index - {3}; debug_info - {4}.\n",
            NI.getUnitOffset(), EntryID, DIEOffset, EntryOr->tag(),
            DIE.getTag());
      });
      ++NumErrors;
    }

    // We allow an extra name for functions: their name without any template
    // parameters.
    auto IncludeStrippedTemplateNames =
        DIE.getTag() == DW_TAG_subprogram ||
        DIE.getTag() == DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine;
    auto EntryNames = getNames(DIE, IncludeStrippedTemplateNames);
    if (!is_contained(EntryNames, Str)) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Name Index contains mismatched name of DIE", [&]() {
        error() << formatv("Name Index @ {0:x}: Entry @ {1:x}: mismatched Name "
                           "of DIE @ {2:x}: index - {3}; debug_info - {4}.\n",
                           NI.getUnitOffset(), EntryID, DIEOffset, Str,
                           make_range(EntryNames.begin(), EntryNames.end()));
      });
      ++NumErrors;
    }
  }
  handleAllErrors(
      EntryOr.takeError(),
      [&](const DWARFDebugNames::SentinelError &) {
        if (NumEntries > 0)
          return;
        ErrorCategory.Report(
            "NameIndex Name is not associated with any entries", [&]() {
              error() << formatv("Name Index @ {0:x}: Name {1} ({2}) is "
                                 "not associated with any entries.\n",
                                 NI.getUnitOffset(), NTE.getIndex(), Str);
            });
        ++NumErrors;
      },
      [&](const ErrorInfoBase &Info) {
        ErrorCategory.Report("Uncategorized NameIndex error", [&]() {
          error() << formatv("Name Index @ {0:x}: Name {1} ({2}): {3}\n",
                             NI.getUnitOffset(), NTE.getIndex(), Str,
                             Info.message());
        });
        ++NumErrors;
      });
  return NumErrors;
}

static bool isVariableIndexable(const DWARFDie &Die, DWARFContext &DCtx) {
  Expected<std::vector<DWARFLocationExpression>> Loc =
      Die.getLocations(DW_AT_location);
  if (!Loc) {
    consumeError(Loc.takeError());
    return false;
  }
  DWARFUnit *U = Die.getDwarfUnit();
  for (const auto &Entry : *Loc) {
    DataExtractor Data(toStringRef(Entry.Expr), DCtx.isLittleEndian(),
                       U->getAddressByteSize());
    DWARFExpression Expression(Data, U->getAddressByteSize(),
                               U->getFormParams().Format);
    bool IsInteresting =
        any_of(Expression, [](const DWARFExpression::Operation &Op) {
          return !Op.isError() && (Op.getCode() == DW_OP_addr ||
                                   Op.getCode() == DW_OP_form_tls_address ||
                                   Op.getCode() == DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address);
        });
    if (IsInteresting)
      return true;
  }
  return false;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyNameIndexCompleteness(
    const DWARFDie &Die, const DWARFDebugNames::NameIndex &NI) {

  // First check, if the Die should be indexed. The code follows the DWARF v5
  // wording as closely as possible.

  // "All non-defining declarations (that is, debugging information entries
  // with a DW_AT_declaration attribute) are excluded."
  if (Die.find(DW_AT_declaration))
    return 0;

  // "DW_TAG_namespace debugging information entries without a DW_AT_name
  // attribute are included with the name “(anonymous namespace)”.
  // All other debugging information entries without a DW_AT_name attribute
  // are excluded."
  // "If a subprogram or inlined subroutine is included, and has a
  // DW_AT_linkage_name attribute, there will be an additional index entry for
  // the linkage name."
  auto IncludeLinkageName = Die.getTag() == DW_TAG_subprogram ||
                            Die.getTag() == DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine;
  // We *allow* stripped template names / ObjectiveC names as extra entries into
  // the table, but we don't *require* them to pass the completeness test.
  auto IncludeStrippedTemplateNames = false;
  auto IncludeObjCNames = false;
  auto EntryNames = getNames(Die, IncludeStrippedTemplateNames,
                             IncludeObjCNames, IncludeLinkageName);
  if (EntryNames.empty())
    return 0;

  // We deviate from the specification here, which says:
  // "The name index must contain an entry for each debugging information entry
  // that defines a named subprogram, label, variable, type, or namespace,
  // subject to ..."
  // Explicitly exclude all TAGs that we know shouldn't be indexed.
  switch (Die.getTag()) {
  // Compile units and modules have names but shouldn't be indexed.
  case DW_TAG_compile_unit:
  case DW_TAG_module:
    return 0;

  // Function and template parameters are not globally visible, so we shouldn't
  // index them.
  case DW_TAG_formal_parameter:
  case DW_TAG_template_value_parameter:
  case DW_TAG_template_type_parameter:
  case DW_TAG_GNU_template_parameter_pack:
  case DW_TAG_GNU_template_template_param:
    return 0;

  // Object members aren't globally visible.
  case DW_TAG_member:
    return 0;

  // According to a strict reading of the specification, enumerators should not
  // be indexed (and LLVM currently does not do that). However, this causes
  // problems for the debuggers, so we may need to reconsider this.
  case DW_TAG_enumerator:
    return 0;

  // Imported declarations should not be indexed according to the specification
  // and LLVM currently does not do that.
  case DW_TAG_imported_declaration:
    return 0;

  // "DW_TAG_subprogram, DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine, and DW_TAG_label debugging
  // information entries without an address attribute (DW_AT_low_pc,
  // DW_AT_high_pc, DW_AT_ranges, or DW_AT_entry_pc) are excluded."
  case DW_TAG_subprogram:
  case DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine:
  case DW_TAG_label:
    if (Die.findRecursively(
            {DW_AT_low_pc, DW_AT_high_pc, DW_AT_ranges, DW_AT_entry_pc}))
      break;
    return 0;

  // "DW_TAG_variable debugging information entries with a DW_AT_location
  // attribute that includes a DW_OP_addr or DW_OP_form_tls_address operator are
  // included; otherwise, they are excluded."
  //
  // LLVM extension: We also add DW_OP_GNU_push_tls_address to this list.
  case DW_TAG_variable:
    if (isVariableIndexable(Die, DCtx))
      break;
    return 0;

  default:
    break;
  }

  // Now we know that our Die should be present in the Index. Let's check if
  // that's the case.
  unsigned NumErrors = 0;
  uint64_t DieUnitOffset = Die.getOffset() - Die.getDwarfUnit()->getOffset();
  for (StringRef Name : EntryNames) {
    if (none_of(NI.equal_range(Name), [&](const DWARFDebugNames::Entry &E) {
          return E.getDIEUnitOffset() == DieUnitOffset;
        })) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Name Index DIE entry missing name", [&]() {
        error() << formatv(
            "Name Index @ {0:x}: Entry for DIE @ {1:x} ({2}) with "
            "name {3} missing.\n",
            NI.getUnitOffset(), Die.getOffset(), Die.getTag(), Name);
      });
      ++NumErrors;
    }
  }
  return NumErrors;
}

unsigned DWARFVerifier::verifyDebugNames(const DWARFSection &AccelSection,
                                         const DataExtractor &StrData) {
  unsigned NumErrors = 0;
  DWARFDataExtractor AccelSectionData(DCtx.getDWARFObj(), AccelSection,
                                      DCtx.isLittleEndian(), 0);
  DWARFDebugNames AccelTable(AccelSectionData, StrData);

  OS << "Verifying .debug_names...\n";

  // This verifies that we can read individual name indices and their
  // abbreviation tables.
  if (Error E = AccelTable.extract()) {
    std::string Msg = toString(std::move(E));
    ErrorCategory.Report("Accelerator Table Error",
                         [&]() { error() << Msg << '\n'; });
    return 1;
  }

  NumErrors += verifyDebugNamesCULists(AccelTable);
  for (const auto &NI : AccelTable)
    NumErrors += verifyNameIndexBuckets(NI, StrData);
  for (const auto &NI : AccelTable)
    NumErrors += verifyNameIndexAbbrevs(NI);

  // Don't attempt Entry validation if any of the previous checks found errors
  if (NumErrors > 0)
    return NumErrors;
  for (const auto &NI : AccelTable)
    for (const DWARFDebugNames::NameTableEntry &NTE : NI)
      NumErrors += verifyNameIndexEntries(NI, NTE);

  for (const std::unique_ptr<DWARFUnit> &U : DCtx.info_section_units()) {
    if (const DWARFDebugNames::NameIndex *NI =
            AccelTable.getCUOrTUNameIndex(U->getOffset())) {
      DWARFCompileUnit *CU = dyn_cast<DWARFCompileUnit>(U.get());
      if (CU) {
        if (CU->getDWOId()) {
          DWARFDie CUDie = CU->getUnitDIE(true);
          DWARFDie NonSkeletonUnitDie =
              CUDie.getDwarfUnit()->getNonSkeletonUnitDIE(false);
          if (CUDie != NonSkeletonUnitDie) {
            for (const DWARFDebugInfoEntry &Die :
                 NonSkeletonUnitDie.getDwarfUnit()->dies())
              NumErrors += verifyNameIndexCompleteness(
                  DWARFDie(NonSkeletonUnitDie.getDwarfUnit(), &Die), *NI);
          }
        } else {
          for (const DWARFDebugInfoEntry &Die : CU->dies())
            NumErrors += verifyNameIndexCompleteness(DWARFDie(CU, &Die), *NI);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return NumErrors;
}

bool DWARFVerifier::handleAccelTables() {
  const DWARFObject &D = DCtx.getDWARFObj();
  DataExtractor StrData(D.getStrSection(), DCtx.isLittleEndian(), 0);
  unsigned NumErrors = 0;
  if (!D.getAppleNamesSection().Data.empty())
    NumErrors += verifyAppleAccelTable(&D.getAppleNamesSection(), &StrData,
                                       ".apple_names");
  if (!D.getAppleTypesSection().Data.empty())
    NumErrors += verifyAppleAccelTable(&D.getAppleTypesSection(), &StrData,
                                       ".apple_types");
  if (!D.getAppleNamespacesSection().Data.empty())
    NumErrors += verifyAppleAccelTable(&D.getAppleNamespacesSection(), &StrData,
                                       ".apple_namespaces");
  if (!D.getAppleObjCSection().Data.empty())
    NumErrors += verifyAppleAccelTable(&D.getAppleObjCSection(), &StrData,
                                       ".apple_objc");

  if (!D.getNamesSection().Data.empty())
    NumErrors += verifyDebugNames(D.getNamesSection(), StrData);
  return NumErrors == 0;
}

bool DWARFVerifier::handleDebugStrOffsets() {
  OS << "Verifying .debug_str_offsets...\n";
  const DWARFObject &DObj = DCtx.getDWARFObj();
  bool Success = true;

  // dwo sections may contain the legacy debug_str_offsets format (and they
  // can't be mixed with dwarf 5's format). This section format contains no
  // header.
  // As such, check the version from debug_info and, if we are in the legacy
  // mode (Dwarf <= 4), extract Dwarf32/Dwarf64.
  std::optional<DwarfFormat> DwoLegacyDwarf4Format;
  DObj.forEachInfoDWOSections([&](const DWARFSection &S) {
    if (DwoLegacyDwarf4Format)
      return;
    DWARFDataExtractor DebugInfoData(DObj, S, DCtx.isLittleEndian(), 0);
    uint64_t Offset = 0;
    DwarfFormat InfoFormat = DebugInfoData.getInitialLength(&Offset).second;
    if (uint16_t InfoVersion = DebugInfoData.getU16(&Offset); InfoVersion <= 4)
      DwoLegacyDwarf4Format = InfoFormat;
  });

  Success &= verifyDebugStrOffsets(
      DwoLegacyDwarf4Format, ".debug_str_offsets.dwo",
      DObj.getStrOffsetsDWOSection(), DObj.getStrDWOSection());
  Success &= verifyDebugStrOffsets(
      /*LegacyFormat=*/std::nullopt, ".debug_str_offsets",
      DObj.getStrOffsetsSection(), DObj.getStrSection());
  return Success;
}

bool DWARFVerifier::verifyDebugStrOffsets(
    std::optional<DwarfFormat> LegacyFormat, StringRef SectionName,
    const DWARFSection &Section, StringRef StrData) {
  const DWARFObject &DObj = DCtx.getDWARFObj();

  DWARFDataExtractor DA(DObj, Section, DCtx.isLittleEndian(), 0);
  DataExtractor::Cursor C(0);
  uint64_t NextUnit = 0;
  bool Success = true;
  while (C.seek(NextUnit), C.tell() < DA.getData().size()) {
    DwarfFormat Format;
    uint64_t Length;
    uint64_t StartOffset = C.tell();
    if (LegacyFormat) {
      Format = *LegacyFormat;
      Length = DA.getData().size();
      NextUnit = C.tell() + Length;
    } else {
      std::tie(Length, Format) = DA.getInitialLength(C);
      if (!C)
        break;
      if (C.tell() + Length > DA.getData().size()) {
        ErrorCategory.Report(
            "Section contribution length exceeds available space", [&]() {
              error() << formatv(
                  "{0}: contribution {1:X}: length exceeds available space "
                  "(contribution "
                  "offset ({1:X}) + length field space ({2:X}) + length "
                  "({3:X}) == "
                  "{4:X} > section size {5:X})\n",
                  SectionName, StartOffset, C.tell() - StartOffset, Length,
                  C.tell() + Length, DA.getData().size());
            });
        Success = false;
        // Nothing more to do - no other contributions to try.
        break;
      }
      NextUnit = C.tell() + Length;
      uint8_t Version = DA.getU16(C);
      if (C && Version != 5) {
        ErrorCategory.Report("Invalid Section version", [&]() {
          error() << formatv("{0}: contribution {1:X}: invalid version {2}\n",
                             SectionName, StartOffset, Version);
        });
        Success = false;
        // Can't parse the rest of this contribution, since we don't know the
        // version, but we can pick up with the next contribution.
        continue;
      }
      (void)DA.getU16(C); // padding
    }
    uint64_t OffsetByteSize = getDwarfOffsetByteSize(Format);
    DA.setAddressSize(OffsetByteSize);
    uint64_t Remainder = (Length - 4) % OffsetByteSize;
    if (Remainder != 0) {
      ErrorCategory.Report("Invalid section contribution length", [&]() {
        error() << formatv(
            "{0}: contribution {1:X}: invalid length ((length ({2:X}) "
            "- header (0x4)) % offset size {3:X} == {4:X} != 0)\n",
            SectionName, StartOffset, Length, OffsetByteSize, Remainder);
      });
      Success = false;
    }
    for (uint64_t Index = 0; C && C.tell() + OffsetByteSize <= NextUnit; ++Index) {
      uint64_t OffOff = C.tell();
      uint64_t StrOff = DA.getAddress(C);
      // check StrOff refers to the start of a string
      if (StrOff == 0)
        continue;
      if (StrData.size() <= StrOff) {
        ErrorCategory.Report(
            "String offset out of bounds of string section", [&]() {
              error() << formatv(
                  "{0}: contribution {1:X}: index {2:X}: invalid string "
                  "offset *{3:X} == {4:X}, is beyond the bounds of the string "
                  "section of length {5:X}\n",
                  SectionName, StartOffset, Index, OffOff, StrOff,
                  StrData.size());
            });
        continue;
      }
      if (StrData[StrOff - 1] == '\0')
        continue;
      ErrorCategory.Report(
          "Section contribution contains invalid string offset", [&]() {
            error() << formatv(
                "{0}: contribution {1:X}: index {2:X}: invalid string "
                "offset *{3:X} == {4:X}, is neither zero nor "
                "immediately following a null character\n",
                SectionName, StartOffset, Index, OffOff, StrOff);
          });
      Success = false;
    }
  }

  if (Error E = C.takeError()) {
    std::string Msg = toString(std::move(E));
    ErrorCategory.Report("String offset error", [&]() {
      error() << SectionName << ": " << Msg << '\n';
      return false;
    });
  }
  return Success;
}

void OutputCategoryAggregator::Report(
    StringRef s, std::function<void(void)> detailCallback) {
  Aggregation[std::string(s)]++;
  if (IncludeDetail)
    detailCallback();
}

void OutputCategoryAggregator::EnumerateResults(
    std::function<void(StringRef, unsigned)> handleCounts) {
  for (auto &&[name, count] : Aggregation) {
    handleCounts(name, count);
  }
}

void DWARFVerifier::summarize() {
  if (DumpOpts.ShowAggregateErrors && ErrorCategory.GetNumCategories()) {
    error() << "Aggregated error counts:\n";
    ErrorCategory.EnumerateResults([&](StringRef s, unsigned count) {
      error() << s << " occurred " << count << " time(s).\n";
    });
  }
  if (!DumpOpts.JsonErrSummaryFile.empty()) {
    std::error_code EC;
    raw_fd_ostream JsonStream(DumpOpts.JsonErrSummaryFile, EC,
                              sys::fs::OF_Text);
    if (EC) {
      error() << "unable to open json summary file '"
              << DumpOpts.JsonErrSummaryFile
              << "' for writing: " << EC.message() << '\n';
      return;
    }

    llvm::json::Object Categories;
    uint64_t ErrorCount = 0;
    ErrorCategory.EnumerateResults([&](StringRef Category, unsigned Count) {
      llvm::json::Object Val;
      Val.try_emplace("count", Count);
      Categories.try_emplace(Category, std::move(Val));
      ErrorCount += Count;
    });
    llvm::json::Object RootNode;
    RootNode.try_emplace("error-categories", std::move(Categories));
    RootNode.try_emplace("error-count", ErrorCount);

    JsonStream << llvm::json::Value(std::move(RootNode));
  }
}

raw_ostream &DWARFVerifier::error() const { return WithColor::error(OS); }

raw_ostream &DWARFVerifier::warn() const { return WithColor::warning(OS); }

raw_ostream &DWARFVerifier::note() const { return WithColor::note(OS); }

raw_ostream &DWARFVerifier::dump(const DWARFDie &Die, unsigned indent) const {
  Die.dump(OS, indent, DumpOpts);
  return OS;
}