xref: /llvm-project/libcxxabi/src/private_typeinfo.cpp (revision a54fce89fc8aff36c50e3a0ea2f92e1ab7093cf8)
1 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 
9 #include "private_typeinfo.h"
10 
11 // The flag _LIBCXXABI_FORGIVING_DYNAMIC_CAST is used to make dynamic_cast
12 // more forgiving when type_info's mistakenly have hidden visibility and
13 // thus multiple type_infos can exist for a single type.
14 //
15 // When _LIBCXXABI_FORGIVING_DYNAMIC_CAST is defined, and only in the case where
16 // there is a detected inconsistency in the type_info hierarchy during a
17 // dynamic_cast, then the equality operation will fall back to using strcmp
18 // on type_info names to determine type_info equality.
19 //
20 // This change happens *only* under dynamic_cast, and only when
21 // dynamic_cast is faced with the choice:  abort, or possibly give back the
22 // wrong answer.  If when the dynamic_cast is done with this fallback
23 // algorithm and an inconsistency is still detected, dynamic_cast will call
24 // abort with an appropriate message.
25 //
26 // The current implementation of _LIBCXXABI_FORGIVING_DYNAMIC_CAST requires a
27 // printf-like function called syslog:
28 //
29 //     void syslog(int facility_priority, const char* format, ...);
30 //
31 // If you want this functionality but your platform doesn't have syslog,
32 // just implement it in terms of fprintf(stderr, ...).
33 //
34 // _LIBCXXABI_FORGIVING_DYNAMIC_CAST is currently off by default.
35 
36 // On Windows, typeids are different between DLLs and EXEs, so comparing
37 // type_info* will work for typeids from the same compiled file but fail
38 // for typeids from a DLL and an executable. Among other things, exceptions
39 // are not caught by handlers since can_catch() returns false.
40 //
41 // Defining _LIBCXXABI_FORGIVING_DYNAMIC_CAST does not help since can_catch() calls
42 // is_equal() with use_strcmp=false so the string names are not compared.
43 
44 #include <cassert>
45 #include <cstddef>
46 #include <cstdint>
47 #include <string.h>
48 
49 #include "abort_message.h"
50 
51 #ifdef _LIBCXXABI_FORGIVING_DYNAMIC_CAST
52 #include <sys/syslog.h>
53 #include <atomic>
54 #endif
55 
56 #if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls)
57 #include <ptrauth.h>
58 #endif
59 
60 template <typename T>
61 static inline T* strip_vtable(T* vtable) {
62 #if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls)
63   vtable = ptrauth_strip(vtable, ptrauth_key_cxx_vtable_pointer);
64 #endif
65   return vtable;
66 }
67 
68 static inline
69 bool
70 is_equal(const std::type_info* x, const std::type_info* y, bool use_strcmp)
71 {
72     // Use std::type_info's default comparison unless we've explicitly asked
73     // for strcmp.
74     if (!use_strcmp)
75         return *x == *y;
76     // Still allow pointer equality to short circut.
77     return x == y || strcmp(x->name(), y->name()) == 0;
78 }
79 
80 static inline ptrdiff_t update_offset_to_base(const char* vtable,
81                                               ptrdiff_t offset_to_base) {
82 #if __has_feature(cxx_abi_relative_vtable)
83   // VTable components are 32 bits in the relative vtables ABI.
84   return *reinterpret_cast<const int32_t*>(vtable + offset_to_base);
85 #else
86   return *reinterpret_cast<const ptrdiff_t*>(vtable + offset_to_base);
87 #endif
88 }
89 
90 namespace __cxxabiv1
91 {
92 
93 namespace {
94 
95 struct derived_object_info {
96     const void* dynamic_ptr;
97     const __class_type_info* dynamic_type;
98     std::ptrdiff_t offset_to_derived;
99 };
100 
101 /// A helper function that gets (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type, offset_to_derived) from static_ptr.
102 void dyn_cast_get_derived_info(derived_object_info* info, const void* static_ptr)
103 {
104 #if __has_feature(cxx_abi_relative_vtable)
105     // The vtable address will point to the first virtual function, which is 8
106     // bytes after the start of the vtable (4 for the offset from top + 4 for
107     // the typeinfo component).
108     const int32_t* vtable =
109         *reinterpret_cast<const int32_t* const*>(static_ptr);
110     info->offset_to_derived = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(vtable[-2]);
111     info->dynamic_ptr = static_cast<const char*>(static_ptr) + info->offset_to_derived;
112 
113     // The typeinfo component is now a relative offset to a proxy.
114     int32_t offset_to_ti_proxy = vtable[-1];
115     const uint8_t* ptr_to_ti_proxy =
116         reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(vtable) + offset_to_ti_proxy;
117     info->dynamic_type = *(reinterpret_cast<const __class_type_info* const*>(ptr_to_ti_proxy));
118 #else
119   void** vtable = strip_vtable(*static_cast<void** const*>(static_ptr));
120   info->offset_to_derived = reinterpret_cast<ptrdiff_t>(vtable[-2]);
121   info->dynamic_ptr = static_cast<const char*>(static_ptr) + info->offset_to_derived;
122   info->dynamic_type = static_cast<const __class_type_info*>(vtable[-1]);
123 #endif
124 }
125 
126 /// A helper function for __dynamic_cast that casts a base sub-object pointer
127 /// to the object's dynamic type.
128 ///
129 /// This function returns the casting result directly. No further processing
130 /// required.
131 ///
132 /// Specifically, this function can only be called if the following pre-
133 /// condition holds:
134 ///   * The dynamic type of the object pointed to by `static_ptr` is exactly
135 ///     the same as `dst_type`.
136 const void* dyn_cast_to_derived(const void* static_ptr,
137                                 const void* dynamic_ptr,
138                                 const __class_type_info* static_type,
139                                 const __class_type_info* dst_type,
140                                 std::ptrdiff_t offset_to_derived,
141                                 std::ptrdiff_t src2dst_offset)
142 {
143     // We're downcasting from src_type to the complete object's dynamic type.
144     //   This is a really hot path that can be further optimized with the
145     //   `src2dst_offset` hint.
146     // In such a case, dynamic_ptr already gives the casting result if the
147     //   casting ever succeeds. All we have to do now is to check static_ptr
148     //   points to a public base sub-object of dynamic_ptr.
149 
150     if (src2dst_offset >= 0)
151     {
152         // The static type is a unique public non-virtual base type of
153         //   dst_type at offset `src2dst_offset` from the origin of dst.
154         // Note that there might be other non-public static_type bases. The
155         //   hint only guarantees that the public base is non-virtual and
156         //   unique. So we have to check whether static_ptr points to that
157         //   unique public base sub-object.
158         if (offset_to_derived != -src2dst_offset)
159             return nullptr;
160         return dynamic_ptr;
161     }
162 
163     if (src2dst_offset == -2)
164     {
165         // static_type is not a public base of dst_type.
166         return nullptr;
167     }
168 
169     // If src2dst_offset == -3, then:
170     //   src_type is a multiple public base type but never a virtual
171     //   base type. We can't conclude that static_ptr points to those
172     //   public base sub-objects because there might be other non-
173     //   public static_type bases. The search is inevitable.
174 
175     // Fallback to the slow path to check that static_type is a public
176     //   base type of dynamic_type.
177     // Using giant short cut.  Add that information to info.
178     __dynamic_cast_info info = {dst_type, static_ptr, static_type, src2dst_offset, 0,      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
179                                 1, // number_of_dst_type
180                                 false,    false,      false,       true,           nullptr};
181     // Do the  search
182     dst_type->search_above_dst(&info, dynamic_ptr, dynamic_ptr, public_path, false);
183 #ifdef _LIBCXXABI_FORGIVING_DYNAMIC_CAST
184     // The following if should always be false because we should
185     //   definitely find (static_ptr, static_type), either on a public
186     //   or private path
187     if (info.path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == unknown)
188     {
189         // We get here only if there is some kind of visibility problem
190         //   in client code.
191         static_assert(std::atomic<size_t>::is_always_lock_free, "");
192         static std::atomic<size_t> error_count(0);
193         size_t error_count_snapshot = error_count.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
194         if ((error_count_snapshot & (error_count_snapshot-1)) == 0)
195             syslog(LOG_ERR, "dynamic_cast error 1: Both of the following type_info's "
196                     "should have public visibility. At least one of them is hidden. %s"
197                     ", %s.\n", static_type->name(), dst_type->name());
198         // Redo the search comparing type_info's using strcmp
199         info = {dst_type, static_ptr, static_type, src2dst_offset, 0,     0,     0,    0,      0, 0,
200                 0,        0,          0,           false,          false, false, true, nullptr};
201         info.number_of_dst_type = 1;
202         dst_type->search_above_dst(&info, dynamic_ptr, dynamic_ptr, public_path, true);
203     }
204 #endif // _LIBCXXABI_FORGIVING_DYNAMIC_CAST
205     // Query the search.
206     if (info.path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr != public_path)
207         return nullptr;
208 
209     return dynamic_ptr;
210 }
211 
212 /// A helper function for __dynamic_cast that tries to perform a downcast
213 /// before giving up and falling back to the slow path.
214 const void* dyn_cast_try_downcast(const void* static_ptr,
215                                   const void* dynamic_ptr,
216                                   const __class_type_info* dst_type,
217                                   const __class_type_info* dynamic_type,
218                                   std::ptrdiff_t src2dst_offset)
219 {
220     if (src2dst_offset < 0)
221     {
222         // We can only optimize the case if the static type is a unique public
223         //   base of dst_type. Give up.
224         return nullptr;
225     }
226 
227     // Pretend there is a dst_type object that leads to static_ptr. Later we
228     //   will check whether this imagined dst_type object exists. If it exists
229     //   then it will be the casting result.
230     const void* dst_ptr_to_static = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(static_ptr) - src2dst_offset;
231 
232     if (reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>(dst_ptr_to_static) < reinterpret_cast<std::intptr_t>(dynamic_ptr))
233     {
234         // The imagined dst_type object does not exist. Bail-out quickly.
235         return nullptr;
236     }
237 
238     // Try to search a path from dynamic_type to dst_type.
239     __dynamic_cast_info dynamic_to_dst_info = {dynamic_type,
240                                                dst_ptr_to_static,
241                                                dst_type,
242                                                src2dst_offset,
243                                                0,
244                                                0,
245                                                0,
246                                                0,
247                                                0,
248                                                0,
249                                                0,
250                                                0,
251                                                1, // number_of_dst_type
252                                                false,
253                                                false,
254                                                false,
255                                                true,
256                                                nullptr};
257     dynamic_type->search_above_dst(&dynamic_to_dst_info, dynamic_ptr, dynamic_ptr, public_path, false);
258     if (dynamic_to_dst_info.path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr != unknown) {
259         // We have found at least one path from dynamic_ptr to dst_ptr. The
260         //   downcast can succeed.
261         return dst_ptr_to_static;
262     }
263 
264     return nullptr;
265 }
266 
267 const void* dyn_cast_slow(const void* static_ptr,
268                           const void* dynamic_ptr,
269                           const __class_type_info* static_type,
270                           const __class_type_info* dst_type,
271                           const __class_type_info* dynamic_type,
272                           std::ptrdiff_t src2dst_offset)
273 {
274     // Not using giant short cut.  Do the search
275 
276     // Initialize info struct for this search.
277     __dynamic_cast_info info = {dst_type, static_ptr, static_type, src2dst_offset, 0,     0,     0,    0,      0, 0,
278                                 0,        0,          0,           false,          false, false, true, nullptr};
279 
280     dynamic_type->search_below_dst(&info, dynamic_ptr, public_path, false);
281 #ifdef _LIBCXXABI_FORGIVING_DYNAMIC_CAST
282     // The following if should always be false because we should
283     //   definitely find (static_ptr, static_type), either on a public
284     //   or private path
285     if (info.path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == unknown &&
286         info.path_dynamic_ptr_to_static_ptr == unknown)
287     {
288         static_assert(std::atomic<size_t>::is_always_lock_free, "");
289         static std::atomic<size_t> error_count(0);
290         size_t error_count_snapshot = error_count.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
291         if ((error_count_snapshot & (error_count_snapshot-1)) == 0)
292             syslog(LOG_ERR, "dynamic_cast error 2: One or more of the following type_info's "
293                             "has hidden visibility or is defined in more than one translation "
294                             "unit. They should all have public visibility. "
295                             "%s, %s, %s.\n", static_type->name(), dynamic_type->name(),
296                     dst_type->name());
297         // Redo the search comparing type_info's using strcmp
298         info = {dst_type, static_ptr, static_type, src2dst_offset, 0,     0,     0,    0,      0, 0,
299                 0,        0,          0,           false,          false, false, true, nullptr};
300         dynamic_type->search_below_dst(&info, dynamic_ptr, public_path, true);
301     }
302 #endif // _LIBCXXABI_FORGIVING_DYNAMIC_CAST
303     // Query the search.
304     switch (info.number_to_static_ptr)
305     {
306     case 0:
307         if (info.number_to_dst_ptr == 1 &&
308                 info.path_dynamic_ptr_to_static_ptr == public_path &&
309                 info.path_dynamic_ptr_to_dst_ptr == public_path)
310             return info.dst_ptr_not_leading_to_static_ptr;
311         break;
312     case 1:
313         if (info.path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == public_path ||
314             (
315                 info.number_to_dst_ptr == 0 &&
316                 info.path_dynamic_ptr_to_static_ptr == public_path &&
317                 info.path_dynamic_ptr_to_dst_ptr == public_path
318             )
319         )
320             return info.dst_ptr_leading_to_static_ptr;
321         break;
322     }
323 
324     return nullptr;
325 }
326 
327 }  // namespace
328 
329 // __shim_type_info
330 
331 __shim_type_info::~__shim_type_info()
332 {
333 }
334 
335 void __shim_type_info::noop1() const {}
336 void __shim_type_info::noop2() const {}
337 
338 // __fundamental_type_info
339 
340 // This miraculously (compiler magic) emits the type_info's for:
341 //   1. all of the fundamental types
342 //   2. pointers to all of the fundamental types
343 //   3. pointers to all of the const fundamental types
344 __fundamental_type_info::~__fundamental_type_info()
345 {
346 }
347 
348 // __array_type_info
349 
350 __array_type_info::~__array_type_info()
351 {
352 }
353 
354 // __function_type_info
355 
356 __function_type_info::~__function_type_info()
357 {
358 }
359 
360 // __enum_type_info
361 
362 __enum_type_info::~__enum_type_info()
363 {
364 }
365 
366 // __class_type_info
367 
368 __class_type_info::~__class_type_info()
369 {
370 }
371 
372 // __si_class_type_info
373 
374 __si_class_type_info::~__si_class_type_info()
375 {
376 }
377 
378 // __vmi_class_type_info
379 
380 __vmi_class_type_info::~__vmi_class_type_info()
381 {
382 }
383 
384 // __pbase_type_info
385 
386 __pbase_type_info::~__pbase_type_info()
387 {
388 }
389 
390 // __pointer_type_info
391 
392 __pointer_type_info::~__pointer_type_info()
393 {
394 }
395 
396 // __pointer_to_member_type_info
397 
398 __pointer_to_member_type_info::~__pointer_to_member_type_info()
399 {
400 }
401 
402 // can_catch
403 
404 // A handler is a match for an exception object of type E if
405 //   1. The handler is of type cv T or cv T& and E and T are the same type
406 //      (ignoring the top-level cv-qualifiers), or
407 //   2. the handler is of type cv T or cv T& and T is an unambiguous public
408 //       base class of E, or
409 //   3. the handler is of type cv1 T* cv2 and E is a pointer type that can be
410 //      converted to the type of the handler by either or both of
411 //      A. a standard pointer conversion (4.10) not involving conversions to
412 //         pointers to private or protected or ambiguous classes
413 //      B. a qualification conversion
414 //   4. the handler is a pointer or pointer to member type and E is
415 //      std::nullptr_t.
416 
417 // adjustedPtr:
418 //
419 // catch (A& a) : adjustedPtr == &a
420 // catch (A* a) : adjustedPtr == a
421 // catch (A** a) : adjustedPtr == a
422 //
423 // catch (D2& d2) : adjustedPtr == &d2  (d2 is base class of thrown object)
424 // catch (D2* d2) : adjustedPtr == d2
425 // catch (D2*& d2) : adjustedPtr == d2
426 //
427 // catch (...) : adjustedPtr == & of the exception
428 //
429 // If the thrown type is nullptr_t and the caught type is a pointer to
430 // member type, adjustedPtr points to a statically-allocated null pointer
431 // representation of that type.
432 
433 // Handles bullet 1
434 bool
435 __fundamental_type_info::can_catch(const __shim_type_info* thrown_type,
436                                    void*&) const
437 {
438     return is_equal(this, thrown_type, false);
439 }
440 
441 bool
442 __array_type_info::can_catch(const __shim_type_info*, void*&) const
443 {
444     // We can get here if someone tries to catch an array by reference.
445     //   However if someone tries to throw an array, it immediately gets
446     //   converted to a pointer, which will not convert back to an array
447     //   at the catch clause.  So this can never catch anything.
448     return false;
449 }
450 
451 bool
452 __function_type_info::can_catch(const __shim_type_info*, void*&) const
453 {
454     // We can get here if someone tries to catch a function by reference.
455     //   However if someone tries to throw a function, it immediately gets
456     //   converted to a pointer, which will not convert back to a function
457     //   at the catch clause.  So this can never catch anything.
458     return false;
459 }
460 
461 // Handles bullet 1
462 bool
463 __enum_type_info::can_catch(const __shim_type_info* thrown_type,
464                             void*&) const
465 {
466     return is_equal(this, thrown_type, false);
467 }
468 
469 #ifdef __clang__
470 #pragma clang diagnostic push
471 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-field-initializers"
472 #endif
473 
474 // Handles bullets 1 and 2
475 bool
476 __class_type_info::can_catch(const __shim_type_info* thrown_type,
477                              void*& adjustedPtr) const
478 {
479     // bullet 1
480     if (is_equal(this, thrown_type, false))
481         return true;
482     const __class_type_info* thrown_class_type =
483         dynamic_cast<const __class_type_info*>(thrown_type);
484     if (thrown_class_type == 0)
485         return false;
486     // bullet 2
487     _LIBCXXABI_ASSERT(adjustedPtr, "catching a class without an object?");
488     __dynamic_cast_info info = {thrown_class_type, 0, this, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, true, nullptr};
489     info.number_of_dst_type = 1;
490     thrown_class_type->has_unambiguous_public_base(&info, adjustedPtr, public_path);
491     if (info.path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == public_path)
492     {
493         adjustedPtr = const_cast<void*>(info.dst_ptr_leading_to_static_ptr);
494         return true;
495     }
496     return false;
497 }
498 
499 #ifdef __clang__
500 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
501 #endif
502 
503 // When we have an object to inspect - we just pass the pointer to the sub-
504 // object that matched the static_type we just checked.  If that is different
505 // from any previously recorded pointer to that object type, then we have
506 // an ambiguous case.
507 
508 // When we have no object to inspect, we need to account for virtual bases
509 // explicitly.
510 // info->vbase_cookie is a pointer to the name of the innermost virtual base
511 // type, or nullptr if there is no virtual base on the path so far.
512 // adjustedPtr points to the subobject we just found.
513 // If vbase_cookie != any previously recorded (including the case of nullptr
514 // representing an already-found static sub-object) then we have an ambiguous
515 // case.  Assuming that the vbase_cookie values agree; if then we have a
516 // different offset (adjustedPtr) from any previously recorded, this indicates
517 // an ambiguous case within the virtual base.
518 
519 void
520 __class_type_info::process_found_base_class(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
521                                                void* adjustedPtr,
522                                                int path_below) const
523 {
524   if (info->number_to_static_ptr == 0) {
525     // First time we found this base
526     info->dst_ptr_leading_to_static_ptr = adjustedPtr;
527     info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr = path_below;
528     // stash the virtual base cookie.
529     info->dst_ptr_not_leading_to_static_ptr = info->vbase_cookie;
530     info->number_to_static_ptr = 1;
531   } else if (info->dst_ptr_not_leading_to_static_ptr == info->vbase_cookie &&
532              info->dst_ptr_leading_to_static_ptr == adjustedPtr) {
533     // We've been here before.  Update path to "most public"
534     if (info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == not_public_path)
535       info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr = path_below;
536   } else {
537     // We've detected an ambiguous cast from (thrown_class_type, adjustedPtr)
538     // to a static_type.
539     info->number_to_static_ptr += 1;
540     info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr = not_public_path;
541     info->search_done = true;
542   }
543 }
544 
545 void
546 __class_type_info::has_unambiguous_public_base(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
547                                                void* adjustedPtr,
548                                                int path_below) const
549 {
550     if (is_equal(this, info->static_type, false))
551         process_found_base_class(info, adjustedPtr, path_below);
552 }
553 
554 void
555 __si_class_type_info::has_unambiguous_public_base(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
556                                                   void* adjustedPtr,
557                                                   int path_below) const
558 {
559     if (is_equal(this, info->static_type, false))
560         process_found_base_class(info, adjustedPtr, path_below);
561     else
562         __base_type->has_unambiguous_public_base(info, adjustedPtr, path_below);
563 }
564 
565 void
566 __base_class_type_info::has_unambiguous_public_base(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
567                                                     void* adjustedPtr,
568                                                     int path_below) const
569 {
570   bool is_virtual = __offset_flags & __virtual_mask;
571   ptrdiff_t offset_to_base = 0;
572   if (info->have_object) {
573     /* We have an object to inspect, we can look through its vtables to
574        find the layout.  */
575     offset_to_base = __offset_flags >> __offset_shift;
576     if (is_virtual) {
577       const char* vtable = strip_vtable(*static_cast<const char* const*>(adjustedPtr));
578       offset_to_base = update_offset_to_base(vtable, offset_to_base);
579     }
580   } else if (!is_virtual) {
581     /* We have no object; however, for non-virtual bases, (since we do not
582        need to inspect any content) we can pretend to have an object based
583        at '0'.  */
584     offset_to_base = __offset_flags >> __offset_shift;
585   } else {
586     /* No object to inspect, and the next base is virtual.
587        We cannot indirect through the vtable to find the actual object offset.
588        So, update vbase_cookie to the new innermost virtual base using the
589        pointer to the typeinfo name as a key.  */
590     info->vbase_cookie = static_cast<const void*>(__base_type->name());
591     // .. and reset the pointer.
592     adjustedPtr = nullptr;
593   }
594   __base_type->has_unambiguous_public_base(
595       info, reinterpret_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(adjustedPtr) + offset_to_base),
596       (__offset_flags & __public_mask) ? path_below : not_public_path);
597 }
598 
599 void
600 __vmi_class_type_info::has_unambiguous_public_base(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
601                                                    void* adjustedPtr,
602                                                    int path_below) const
603 {
604     if (is_equal(this, info->static_type, false))
605         process_found_base_class(info, adjustedPtr, path_below);
606     else
607     {
608         typedef const __base_class_type_info* Iter;
609         const Iter e = __base_info + __base_count;
610         Iter p = __base_info;
611         p->has_unambiguous_public_base(info, adjustedPtr, path_below);
612         if (++p < e)
613         {
614             do
615             {
616                 p->has_unambiguous_public_base(info, adjustedPtr, path_below);
617                 if (info->search_done)
618                     break;
619             } while (++p < e);
620         }
621     }
622 }
623 
624 // Handles bullet 1 for both pointers and member pointers
625 bool
626 __pbase_type_info::can_catch(const __shim_type_info* thrown_type,
627                              void*&) const
628 {
629     bool use_strcmp = this->__flags & (__incomplete_class_mask |
630                                        __incomplete_mask);
631     if (!use_strcmp) {
632         const __pbase_type_info* thrown_pbase = dynamic_cast<const __pbase_type_info*>(
633                 thrown_type);
634         if (!thrown_pbase) return false;
635         use_strcmp = thrown_pbase->__flags & (__incomplete_class_mask |
636                                               __incomplete_mask);
637     }
638     return is_equal(this, thrown_type, use_strcmp);
639 }
640 
641 #ifdef __clang__
642 #pragma clang diagnostic push
643 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-field-initializers"
644 #endif
645 
646 // Handles bullets 1, 3 and 4
647 // NOTE: It might not be safe to adjust the pointer if it is not not a pointer
648 // type. Only adjust the pointer after we know it is safe to do so.
649 bool
650 __pointer_type_info::can_catch(const __shim_type_info* thrown_type,
651                                void*& adjustedPtr) const
652 {
653     // bullet 4
654     if (is_equal(thrown_type, &typeid(std::nullptr_t), false)) {
655       adjustedPtr = nullptr;
656       return true;
657     }
658 
659     // bullet 1
660     if (__pbase_type_info::can_catch(thrown_type, adjustedPtr)) {
661         if (adjustedPtr != NULL)
662             adjustedPtr = *static_cast<void**>(adjustedPtr);
663         return true;
664     }
665     // bullet 3
666     const __pointer_type_info* thrown_pointer_type =
667         dynamic_cast<const __pointer_type_info*>(thrown_type);
668     if (thrown_pointer_type == 0)
669         return false;
670     // Do the dereference adjustment
671     if (adjustedPtr != NULL)
672         adjustedPtr = *static_cast<void**>(adjustedPtr);
673     // bullet 3B and 3C
674     if (thrown_pointer_type->__flags & ~__flags & __no_remove_flags_mask)
675         return false;
676     if (__flags & ~thrown_pointer_type->__flags & __no_add_flags_mask)
677         return false;
678     if (is_equal(__pointee, thrown_pointer_type->__pointee, false))
679         return true;
680     // bullet 3A
681     if (is_equal(__pointee, &typeid(void), false)) {
682         // pointers to functions cannot be converted to void*.
683         // pointers to member functions are not handled here.
684         const __function_type_info* thrown_function =
685             dynamic_cast<const __function_type_info*>(thrown_pointer_type->__pointee);
686         return (thrown_function == nullptr);
687     }
688     // Handle pointer to pointer
689     const __pointer_type_info* nested_pointer_type =
690         dynamic_cast<const __pointer_type_info*>(__pointee);
691     if (nested_pointer_type) {
692         if (~__flags & __const_mask) return false;
693         return nested_pointer_type->can_catch_nested(thrown_pointer_type->__pointee);
694     }
695 
696     // Handle pointer to pointer to member
697     const __pointer_to_member_type_info* member_ptr_type =
698         dynamic_cast<const __pointer_to_member_type_info*>(__pointee);
699     if (member_ptr_type) {
700         if (~__flags & __const_mask) return false;
701         return member_ptr_type->can_catch_nested(thrown_pointer_type->__pointee);
702     }
703 
704     // Handle pointer to class type
705     const __class_type_info* catch_class_type =
706         dynamic_cast<const __class_type_info*>(__pointee);
707     if (catch_class_type == 0)
708         return false;
709     const __class_type_info* thrown_class_type =
710         dynamic_cast<const __class_type_info*>(thrown_pointer_type->__pointee);
711     if (thrown_class_type == 0)
712         return false;
713     bool have_object = adjustedPtr != nullptr;
714     __dynamic_cast_info info = {thrown_class_type, 0,      catch_class_type, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
715                                 have_object,       nullptr};
716     info.number_of_dst_type = 1;
717     thrown_class_type->has_unambiguous_public_base(&info, adjustedPtr, public_path);
718     if (info.path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == public_path)
719     {
720       // In the case of a thrown null pointer, we have no object but we might
721       // well have computed the offset to where a public sub-object would be.
722       // However, we do not want to return that offset to the user; we still
723       // want them to catch a null ptr.
724       if (have_object)
725         adjustedPtr = const_cast<void*>(info.dst_ptr_leading_to_static_ptr);
726       else
727         adjustedPtr = nullptr;
728       return true;
729     }
730     return false;
731 }
732 
733 bool __pointer_type_info::can_catch_nested(
734     const __shim_type_info* thrown_type) const
735 {
736   const __pointer_type_info* thrown_pointer_type =
737         dynamic_cast<const __pointer_type_info*>(thrown_type);
738     if (thrown_pointer_type == 0)
739         return false;
740     // bullet 3B
741     if (thrown_pointer_type->__flags & ~__flags)
742         return false;
743     if (is_equal(__pointee, thrown_pointer_type->__pointee, false))
744         return true;
745     // If the pointed to types differ then the catch type must be const
746     // qualified.
747     if (~__flags & __const_mask)
748         return false;
749 
750     // Handle pointer to pointer
751     const __pointer_type_info* nested_pointer_type =
752         dynamic_cast<const __pointer_type_info*>(__pointee);
753     if (nested_pointer_type) {
754         return nested_pointer_type->can_catch_nested(
755             thrown_pointer_type->__pointee);
756     }
757 
758     // Handle pointer to pointer to member
759     const __pointer_to_member_type_info* member_ptr_type =
760         dynamic_cast<const __pointer_to_member_type_info*>(__pointee);
761     if (member_ptr_type) {
762         return member_ptr_type->can_catch_nested(thrown_pointer_type->__pointee);
763     }
764 
765     return false;
766 }
767 
768 bool __pointer_to_member_type_info::can_catch(
769     const __shim_type_info* thrown_type, void*& adjustedPtr) const {
770     // bullet 4
771     if (is_equal(thrown_type, &typeid(std::nullptr_t), false)) {
772       // We assume that the pointer to member representation is the same for
773       // all pointers to data members and for all pointers to member functions.
774       struct X {};
775       if (dynamic_cast<const __function_type_info*>(__pointee)) {
776         static int (X::*const null_ptr_rep)() = nullptr;
777         adjustedPtr = const_cast<int (X::**)()>(&null_ptr_rep);
778       } else {
779         static int X::*const null_ptr_rep = nullptr;
780         adjustedPtr = const_cast<int X::**>(&null_ptr_rep);
781       }
782       return true;
783     }
784 
785     // bullet 1
786     if (__pbase_type_info::can_catch(thrown_type, adjustedPtr))
787         return true;
788 
789     const __pointer_to_member_type_info* thrown_pointer_type =
790         dynamic_cast<const __pointer_to_member_type_info*>(thrown_type);
791     if (thrown_pointer_type == 0)
792         return false;
793     if (thrown_pointer_type->__flags & ~__flags & __no_remove_flags_mask)
794         return false;
795     if (__flags & ~thrown_pointer_type->__flags & __no_add_flags_mask)
796         return false;
797     if (!is_equal(__pointee, thrown_pointer_type->__pointee, false))
798         return false;
799     if (is_equal(__context, thrown_pointer_type->__context, false))
800         return true;
801 
802     // [except.handle] does not allow the pointer-to-member conversions mentioned
803     // in [mem.conv] to take place. For this reason we don't check Derived->Base
804     // for Derived->Base conversions.
805 
806     return false;
807 }
808 
809 bool __pointer_to_member_type_info::can_catch_nested(
810     const __shim_type_info* thrown_type) const
811 {
812     const __pointer_to_member_type_info* thrown_member_ptr_type =
813         dynamic_cast<const __pointer_to_member_type_info*>(thrown_type);
814     if (thrown_member_ptr_type == 0)
815         return false;
816     if (~__flags & thrown_member_ptr_type->__flags)
817         return false;
818     if (!is_equal(__pointee, thrown_member_ptr_type->__pointee, false))
819         return false;
820     if (!is_equal(__context, thrown_member_ptr_type->__context, false))
821         return false;
822     return true;
823 }
824 
825 #ifdef __clang__
826 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
827 #endif
828 
829 #ifdef __clang__
830 #pragma clang diagnostic push
831 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-field-initializers"
832 #endif
833 
834 // __dynamic_cast
835 
836 // static_ptr: pointer to an object of type static_type; nonnull, and since the
837 //   object is polymorphic, *(void**)static_ptr is a virtual table pointer.
838 //   static_ptr is &v in the expression dynamic_cast<T>(v).
839 // static_type: static type of the object pointed to by static_ptr.
840 // dst_type: destination type of the cast (the "T" in "dynamic_cast<T>(v)").
841 // src2dst_offset: a static hint about the location of the
842 //                 source subobject with respect to the complete object;
843 //                 special negative values are:
844 //                     -1: no hint
845 //                     -2: static_type is not a public base of dst_type
846 //                     -3: static_type is a multiple public base type but never a
847 //                         virtual base type
848 //                 otherwise, the static_type type is a unique public nonvirtual
849 //                 base type of dst_type at offset src2dst_offset from the
850 //                 origin of dst_type.
851 //
852 // (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) are the run time type of the complete object
853 // referred to by static_ptr and a pointer to it.  These can be found from
854 // static_ptr for polymorphic types.
855 // static_type is guaranteed to be a polymorphic type.
856 //
857 // (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) is the root of a DAG that grows upward.  Each
858 // node of the tree represents a base class/object of its parent (or parents) below.
859 // Each node is uniquely represented by a pointer to the object, and a pointer
860 // to a type_info - its type.  Different nodes may have the same pointer and
861 // different nodes may have the same type.  But only one node has a specific
862 // (pointer-value, type) pair.  In C++ two objects of the same type can not
863 // share the same address.
864 //
865 // There are two flavors of nodes which have the type dst_type:
866 //    1.  Those that are derived from (below) (static_ptr, static_type).
867 //    2.  Those that are not derived from (below) (static_ptr, static_type).
868 //
869 // Invariants of the DAG:
870 //
871 // There is at least one path from the root (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) to
872 // the node (static_ptr, static_type).  This path may or may not be public.
873 // There may be more than one such path (some public some not).  Such a path may
874 // or may not go through a node having type dst_type.
875 //
876 // No node of type T appears above a node of the same type.  That means that
877 // there is only one node with dynamic_type.  And if dynamic_type == dst_type,
878 // then there is only one dst_type in the DAG.
879 //
880 // No node of type dst_type appears above a node of type static_type.  Such
881 // DAG's are possible in C++, but the compiler computes those dynamic_casts at
882 // compile time, and only calls __dynamic_cast when dst_type lies below
883 // static_type in the DAG.
884 //
885 // dst_type != static_type:  The compiler computes the dynamic_cast in this case too.
886 // dynamic_type != static_type:  The compiler computes the dynamic_cast in this case too.
887 //
888 // Returns:
889 //
890 // If there is exactly one dst_type of flavor 1, and
891 //    If there is a public path from that dst_type to (static_ptr, static_type), or
892 //    If there are 0 dst_types of flavor 2, and there is a public path from
893 //        (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) to (static_ptr, static_type) and a public
894 //        path from (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) to the one dst_type, then return
895 //        a pointer to that dst_type.
896 // Else if there are 0 dst_types of flavor 1 and exactly 1 dst_type of flavor 2, and
897 //    if there is a public path from (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) to
898 //    (static_ptr, static_type) and a public path from (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type)
899 //    to the one dst_type, then return a pointer to that one dst_type.
900 // Else return nullptr.
901 //
902 // If dynamic_type == dst_type, then the above algorithm collapses to the
903 // following cheaper algorithm:
904 //
905 // If there is a public path from (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) to
906 //    (static_ptr, static_type), then return dynamic_ptr.
907 // Else return nullptr.
908 
909 extern "C" _LIBCXXABI_FUNC_VIS void *
910 __dynamic_cast(const void *static_ptr, const __class_type_info *static_type,
911                const __class_type_info *dst_type,
912                std::ptrdiff_t src2dst_offset) {
913     // Get (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) from static_ptr
914     derived_object_info derived_info;
915     dyn_cast_get_derived_info(&derived_info, static_ptr);
916 
917     // Initialize answer to nullptr.  This will be changed from the search
918     //    results if a non-null answer is found.  Regardless, this is what will
919     //    be returned.
920     const void* dst_ptr = 0;
921 
922     // Find out if we can use a giant short cut in the search
923     if (is_equal(derived_info.dynamic_type, dst_type, false))
924     {
925         dst_ptr = dyn_cast_to_derived(static_ptr,
926                                       derived_info.dynamic_ptr,
927                                       static_type,
928                                       dst_type,
929                                       derived_info.offset_to_derived,
930                                       src2dst_offset);
931     }
932     else
933     {
934         // Optimize toward downcasting: let's first try to do a downcast before
935         //   falling back to the slow path.
936         dst_ptr = dyn_cast_try_downcast(static_ptr,
937                                         derived_info.dynamic_ptr,
938                                         dst_type,
939                                         derived_info.dynamic_type,
940                                         src2dst_offset);
941 
942         if (!dst_ptr)
943         {
944             dst_ptr = dyn_cast_slow(static_ptr,
945                                     derived_info.dynamic_ptr,
946                                     static_type,
947                                     dst_type,
948                                     derived_info.dynamic_type,
949                                     src2dst_offset);
950         }
951     }
952 
953     return const_cast<void*>(dst_ptr);
954 }
955 
956 #ifdef __clang__
957 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
958 #endif
959 
960 // Call this function when you hit a static_type which is a base (above) a dst_type.
961 // Let caller know you hit a static_type.  But only start recording details if
962 // this is (static_ptr, static_type) -- the node we are casting from.
963 // If this is (static_ptr, static_type)
964 //   Record the path (public or not) from the dst_type to here.  There may be
965 //   multiple paths from the same dst_type to here, record the "most public" one.
966 //   Record the dst_ptr as pointing to (static_ptr, static_type).
967 //   If more than one (dst_ptr, dst_type) points to (static_ptr, static_type),
968 //   then mark this dyanmic_cast as ambiguous and stop the search.
969 void
970 __class_type_info::process_static_type_above_dst(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
971                                                  const void* dst_ptr,
972                                                  const void* current_ptr,
973                                                  int path_below) const
974 {
975     // Record that we found a static_type
976     info->found_any_static_type = true;
977     if (current_ptr == info->static_ptr)
978     {
979         // Record that we found (static_ptr, static_type)
980         info->found_our_static_ptr = true;
981         if (info->dst_ptr_leading_to_static_ptr == 0)
982         {
983             // First time here
984             info->dst_ptr_leading_to_static_ptr = dst_ptr;
985             info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr = path_below;
986             info->number_to_static_ptr = 1;
987             // If there is only one dst_type in the entire tree and the path from
988             //    there to here is public then we are done!
989             if (info->number_of_dst_type == 1 && info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == public_path)
990                 info->search_done = true;
991         }
992         else if (info->dst_ptr_leading_to_static_ptr == dst_ptr)
993         {
994             // We've been here before.  Update path to "most public"
995             if (info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == not_public_path)
996                 info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr = path_below;
997             // If there is only one dst_type in the entire tree and the path from
998             //    there to here is public then we are done!
999             if (info->number_of_dst_type == 1 && info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == public_path)
1000                 info->search_done = true;
1001         }
1002         else
1003         {
1004             // We've detected an ambiguous cast from (static_ptr, static_type)
1005             //   to a dst_type
1006             info->number_to_static_ptr += 1;
1007             info->search_done = true;
1008         }
1009     }
1010 }
1011 
1012 // Call this function when you hit a static_type which is not a base (above) a dst_type.
1013 // If this is (static_ptr, static_type)
1014 //   Record the path (public or not) from (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) to here.  There may be
1015 //   multiple paths from (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) to here, record the "most public" one.
1016 void
1017 __class_type_info::process_static_type_below_dst(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
1018                                                  const void* current_ptr,
1019                                                  int path_below) const
1020 {
1021     if (current_ptr == info->static_ptr)
1022     {
1023         // Record the most public path from (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) to
1024         //                                  (static_ptr, static_type)
1025         if (info->path_dynamic_ptr_to_static_ptr != public_path)
1026             info->path_dynamic_ptr_to_static_ptr = path_below;
1027     }
1028 }
1029 
1030 // Call this function when searching below a dst_type node.  This function searches
1031 // for a path to (static_ptr, static_type) and for paths to one or more dst_type nodes.
1032 // If it finds a static_type node, there is no need to further search base classes
1033 // above.
1034 // If it finds a dst_type node it should search base classes using search_above_dst
1035 // to find out if this dst_type points to (static_ptr, static_type) or not.
1036 // Either way, the dst_type is recorded as one of two "flavors":  one that does
1037 // or does not point to (static_ptr, static_type).
1038 // If this is neither a static_type nor a dst_type node, continue searching
1039 // base classes above.
1040 // All the hoopla surrounding the search code is doing nothing but looking for
1041 // excuses to stop the search prematurely (break out of the for-loop).  That is,
1042 // the algorithm below is simply an optimization of this:
1043 // void
1044 // __vmi_class_type_info::search_below_dst(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
1045 //                                         const void* current_ptr,
1046 //                                         int path_below) const
1047 // {
1048 //     typedef const __base_class_type_info* Iter;
1049 //     if (this == info->static_type)
1050 //         process_static_type_below_dst(info, current_ptr, path_below);
1051 //     else if (this == info->dst_type)
1052 //     {
1053 //         // Record the most public access path that got us here
1054 //         if (info->path_dynamic_ptr_to_dst_ptr != public_path)
1055 //             info->path_dynamic_ptr_to_dst_ptr = path_below;
1056 //         bool does_dst_type_point_to_our_static_type = false;
1057 //         for (Iter p = __base_info, e= __base_info + __base_count; p < e; ++p)
1058 //         {
1059 //             p->search_above_dst(info, current_ptr, current_ptr, public_path);
1060 //             if (info->found_our_static_ptr)
1061 //                 does_dst_type_point_to_our_static_type = true;
1062 //             // break out early here if you can detect it doesn't matter if you do
1063 //         }
1064 //         if (!does_dst_type_point_to_our_static_type)
1065 //         {
1066 //             // We found a dst_type that doesn't point to (static_ptr, static_type)
1067 //             // So record the address of this dst_ptr and increment the
1068 //             // count of the number of such dst_types found in the tree.
1069 //             info->dst_ptr_not_leading_to_static_ptr = current_ptr;
1070 //             info->number_to_dst_ptr += 1;
1071 //         }
1072 //     }
1073 //     else
1074 //     {
1075 //         // This is not a static_type and not a dst_type.
1076 //         for (Iter p = __base_info, e = __base_info + __base_count; p < e; ++p)
1077 //         {
1078 //             p->search_below_dst(info, current_ptr, public_path);
1079 //             // break out early here if you can detect it doesn't matter if you do
1080 //         }
1081 //     }
1082 // }
1083 void
1084 __vmi_class_type_info::search_below_dst(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
1085                                         const void* current_ptr,
1086                                         int path_below,
1087                                         bool use_strcmp) const
1088 {
1089     typedef const __base_class_type_info* Iter;
1090     if (is_equal(this, info->static_type, use_strcmp))
1091         process_static_type_below_dst(info, current_ptr, path_below);
1092     else if (is_equal(this, info->dst_type, use_strcmp))
1093     {
1094         // We've been here before if we've recorded current_ptr in one of these
1095         //   two places:
1096         if (current_ptr == info->dst_ptr_leading_to_static_ptr ||
1097             current_ptr == info->dst_ptr_not_leading_to_static_ptr)
1098         {
1099             // We've seen this node before, and therefore have already searched
1100             // its base classes above.
1101             //  Update path to here that is "most public".
1102             if (path_below == public_path)
1103                 info->path_dynamic_ptr_to_dst_ptr = public_path;
1104         }
1105         else  // We have haven't been here before
1106         {
1107             // Record the access path that got us here
1108             //   If there is more than one dst_type this path doesn't matter.
1109             info->path_dynamic_ptr_to_dst_ptr = path_below;
1110             bool does_dst_type_point_to_our_static_type = false;
1111             // Only search above here if dst_type derives from static_type, or
1112             //    if it is unknown if dst_type derives from static_type.
1113             if (info->is_dst_type_derived_from_static_type != no)
1114             {
1115                 // Set up flags to record results from all base classes
1116                 bool is_dst_type_derived_from_static_type = false;
1117 
1118                 // We've found a dst_type with a potentially public path to here.
1119                 // We have to assume the path is public because it may become
1120                 //   public later (if we get back to here with a public path).
1121                 // We can stop looking above if:
1122                 //    1.  We've found a public path to (static_ptr, static_type).
1123                 //    2.  We've found an ambiguous cast from (static_ptr, static_type) to a dst_type.
1124                 //        This is detected at the (static_ptr, static_type).
1125                 //    3.  We can prove that there is no public path to (static_ptr, static_type)
1126                 //        above here.
1127                 const Iter e = __base_info + __base_count;
1128                 for (Iter p = __base_info; p < e; ++p)
1129                 {
1130                     // Zero out found flags
1131                     info->found_our_static_ptr = false;
1132                     info->found_any_static_type = false;
1133                     p->search_above_dst(info, current_ptr, current_ptr, public_path, use_strcmp);
1134                     if (info->search_done)
1135                         break;
1136                     if (info->found_any_static_type)
1137                     {
1138                         is_dst_type_derived_from_static_type = true;
1139                         if (info->found_our_static_ptr)
1140                         {
1141                             does_dst_type_point_to_our_static_type = true;
1142                             // If we found what we're looking for, stop looking above.
1143                             if (info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == public_path)
1144                                 break;
1145                             // We found a private path to (static_ptr, static_type)
1146                             //   If there is no diamond then there is only one path
1147                             //   to (static_ptr, static_type) and we just found it.
1148                             if (!(__flags & __diamond_shaped_mask))
1149                                 break;
1150                         }
1151                         else
1152                         {
1153                             // If we found a static_type that isn't the one we're looking
1154                             //    for, and if there are no repeated types above here,
1155                             //    then stop looking.
1156                             if (!(__flags & __non_diamond_repeat_mask))
1157                                 break;
1158                         }
1159                     }
1160                 }
1161                 // If we found no static_type,s then dst_type doesn't derive
1162                 //   from static_type, else it does.  Record this result so that
1163                 //   next time we hit a dst_type we will know not to search above
1164                 //   it if it doesn't derive from static_type.
1165                 if (is_dst_type_derived_from_static_type)
1166                     info->is_dst_type_derived_from_static_type = yes;
1167                 else
1168                     info->is_dst_type_derived_from_static_type = no;
1169               }
1170               if (!does_dst_type_point_to_our_static_type)
1171               {
1172                   // We found a dst_type that doesn't point to (static_ptr, static_type)
1173                   // So record the address of this dst_ptr and increment the
1174                   // count of the number of such dst_types found in the tree.
1175                   info->dst_ptr_not_leading_to_static_ptr = current_ptr;
1176                   info->number_to_dst_ptr += 1;
1177                   // If there exists another dst with a private path to
1178                   //    (static_ptr, static_type), then the cast from
1179                   //     (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) to dst_type is now ambiguous,
1180                   //      so stop search.
1181                   if (info->number_to_static_ptr == 1 &&
1182                           info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == not_public_path)
1183                       info->search_done = true;
1184               }
1185         }
1186     }
1187     else
1188     {
1189         // This is not a static_type and not a dst_type.
1190         const Iter e = __base_info + __base_count;
1191         Iter p = __base_info;
1192         p->search_below_dst(info, current_ptr, path_below, use_strcmp);
1193         if (++p < e)
1194         {
1195             if ((__flags & __diamond_shaped_mask) || info->number_to_static_ptr == 1)
1196             {
1197                 // If there are multiple paths to a base above from here, or if
1198                 //    a dst_type pointing to (static_ptr, static_type) has been found,
1199                 //    then there is no way to break out of this loop early unless
1200                 //    something below detects the search is done.
1201                 do
1202                 {
1203                     if (info->search_done)
1204                         break;
1205                     p->search_below_dst(info, current_ptr, path_below, use_strcmp);
1206                 } while (++p < e);
1207             }
1208             else if (__flags & __non_diamond_repeat_mask)
1209             {
1210                 // There are not multiple paths to any base class from here and a
1211                 //   dst_type pointing to (static_ptr, static_type) has not yet been
1212                 //   found.
1213                 do
1214                 {
1215                     if (info->search_done)
1216                         break;
1217                     // If we just found a dst_type with a public path to (static_ptr, static_type),
1218                     //    then the only reason to continue the search is to make sure
1219                     //    no other dst_type points to (static_ptr, static_type).
1220                     //    If !diamond, then we don't need to search here.
1221                     if (info->number_to_static_ptr == 1 &&
1222                               info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == public_path)
1223                         break;
1224                     p->search_below_dst(info, current_ptr, path_below, use_strcmp);
1225                 } while (++p < e);
1226             }
1227             else
1228             {
1229                 // There are no repeated types above this node.
1230                 // There are no nodes with multiple parents above this node.
1231                 // no dst_type has been found to (static_ptr, static_type)
1232                 do
1233                 {
1234                     if (info->search_done)
1235                         break;
1236                     // If we just found a dst_type with a public path to (static_ptr, static_type),
1237                     //    then the only reason to continue the search is to make sure
1238                     //    no other dst_type points to (static_ptr, static_type).
1239                     //    If !diamond, then we don't need to search here.
1240                     // if we just found a dst_type with a private path to (static_ptr, static_type),
1241                     //    then we're only looking for a public path to (static_ptr, static_type)
1242                     //    and to check for other dst_types.
1243                     //    If !diamond & !repeat, then there is not a pointer to (static_ptr, static_type)
1244                     //    and not a dst_type under here.
1245                     if (info->number_to_static_ptr == 1)
1246                         break;
1247                     p->search_below_dst(info, current_ptr, path_below, use_strcmp);
1248                 } while (++p < e);
1249             }
1250         }
1251     }
1252 }
1253 
1254 // This is the same algorithm as __vmi_class_type_info::search_below_dst but
1255 //   simplified to the case that there is only a single base class.
1256 void
1257 __si_class_type_info::search_below_dst(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
1258                                        const void* current_ptr,
1259                                        int path_below,
1260                                        bool use_strcmp) const
1261 {
1262     if (is_equal(this, info->static_type, use_strcmp))
1263         process_static_type_below_dst(info, current_ptr, path_below);
1264     else if (is_equal(this, info->dst_type, use_strcmp))
1265     {
1266         // We've been here before if we've recorded current_ptr in one of these
1267         //   two places:
1268         if (current_ptr == info->dst_ptr_leading_to_static_ptr ||
1269             current_ptr == info->dst_ptr_not_leading_to_static_ptr)
1270         {
1271             // We've seen this node before, and therefore have already searched
1272             // its base classes above.
1273             //  Update path to here that is "most public".
1274             if (path_below == public_path)
1275                 info->path_dynamic_ptr_to_dst_ptr = public_path;
1276         }
1277         else  // We have haven't been here before
1278         {
1279             // Record the access path that got us here
1280             //   If there is more than one dst_type this path doesn't matter.
1281             info->path_dynamic_ptr_to_dst_ptr = path_below;
1282             bool does_dst_type_point_to_our_static_type = false;
1283             // Only search above here if dst_type derives from static_type, or
1284             //    if it is unknown if dst_type derives from static_type.
1285             if (info->is_dst_type_derived_from_static_type != no)
1286             {
1287                 // Set up flags to record results from all base classes
1288                 bool is_dst_type_derived_from_static_type = false;
1289                 // Zero out found flags
1290                 info->found_our_static_ptr = false;
1291                 info->found_any_static_type = false;
1292                 __base_type->search_above_dst(info, current_ptr, current_ptr, public_path, use_strcmp);
1293                 if (info->found_any_static_type)
1294                 {
1295                     is_dst_type_derived_from_static_type = true;
1296                     if (info->found_our_static_ptr)
1297                         does_dst_type_point_to_our_static_type = true;
1298                 }
1299                 // If we found no static_type,s then dst_type doesn't derive
1300                 //   from static_type, else it does.  Record this result so that
1301                 //   next time we hit a dst_type we will know not to search above
1302                 //   it if it doesn't derive from static_type.
1303                 if (is_dst_type_derived_from_static_type)
1304                     info->is_dst_type_derived_from_static_type = yes;
1305                 else
1306                     info->is_dst_type_derived_from_static_type = no;
1307             }
1308             if (!does_dst_type_point_to_our_static_type)
1309             {
1310                 // We found a dst_type that doesn't point to (static_ptr, static_type)
1311                 // So record the address of this dst_ptr and increment the
1312                 // count of the number of such dst_types found in the tree.
1313                 info->dst_ptr_not_leading_to_static_ptr = current_ptr;
1314                 info->number_to_dst_ptr += 1;
1315                 // If there exists another dst with a private path to
1316                 //    (static_ptr, static_type), then the cast from
1317                 //     (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) to dst_type is now ambiguous.
1318                 if (info->number_to_static_ptr == 1 &&
1319                         info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == not_public_path)
1320                     info->search_done = true;
1321             }
1322         }
1323     }
1324     else
1325     {
1326         // This is not a static_type and not a dst_type
1327         __base_type->search_below_dst(info, current_ptr, path_below, use_strcmp);
1328     }
1329 }
1330 
1331 // This is the same algorithm as __vmi_class_type_info::search_below_dst but
1332 //   simplified to the case that there is no base class.
1333 void
1334 __class_type_info::search_below_dst(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
1335                                     const void* current_ptr,
1336                                     int path_below,
1337                                     bool use_strcmp) const
1338 {
1339     if (is_equal(this, info->static_type, use_strcmp))
1340         process_static_type_below_dst(info, current_ptr, path_below);
1341     else if (is_equal(this, info->dst_type, use_strcmp))
1342     {
1343         // We've been here before if we've recorded current_ptr in one of these
1344         //   two places:
1345         if (current_ptr == info->dst_ptr_leading_to_static_ptr ||
1346             current_ptr == info->dst_ptr_not_leading_to_static_ptr)
1347         {
1348             // We've seen this node before, and therefore have already searched
1349             // its base classes above.
1350             //  Update path to here that is "most public".
1351             if (path_below == public_path)
1352                 info->path_dynamic_ptr_to_dst_ptr = public_path;
1353         }
1354         else  // We have haven't been here before
1355         {
1356             // Record the access path that got us here
1357             //   If there is more than one dst_type this path doesn't matter.
1358             info->path_dynamic_ptr_to_dst_ptr = path_below;
1359             // We found a dst_type that doesn't point to (static_ptr, static_type)
1360             // So record the address of this dst_ptr and increment the
1361             // count of the number of such dst_types found in the tree.
1362             info->dst_ptr_not_leading_to_static_ptr = current_ptr;
1363             info->number_to_dst_ptr += 1;
1364             // If there exists another dst with a private path to
1365             //    (static_ptr, static_type), then the cast from
1366             //     (dynamic_ptr, dynamic_type) to dst_type is now ambiguous.
1367             if (info->number_to_static_ptr == 1 &&
1368                     info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == not_public_path)
1369                 info->search_done = true;
1370             // We found that dst_type does not derive from static_type
1371             info->is_dst_type_derived_from_static_type = no;
1372         }
1373     }
1374 }
1375 
1376 // Call this function when searching above a dst_type node.  This function searches
1377 // for a public path to (static_ptr, static_type).
1378 // This function is guaranteed not to find a node of type dst_type.
1379 // Theoretically this is a very simple function which just stops if it finds a
1380 // static_type node:  All the hoopla surrounding the search code is doing
1381 // nothing but looking for excuses to stop the search prematurely (break out of
1382 // the for-loop).  That is, the algorithm below is simply an optimization of this:
1383 // void
1384 // __vmi_class_type_info::search_above_dst(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
1385 //                                         const void* dst_ptr,
1386 //                                         const void* current_ptr,
1387 //                                         int path_below) const
1388 // {
1389 //     if (this == info->static_type)
1390 //         process_static_type_above_dst(info, dst_ptr, current_ptr, path_below);
1391 //     else
1392 //     {
1393 //         typedef const __base_class_type_info* Iter;
1394 //         // This is not a static_type and not a dst_type
1395 //         for (Iter p = __base_info, e = __base_info + __base_count; p < e; ++p)
1396 //         {
1397 //             p->search_above_dst(info, dst_ptr, current_ptr, public_path);
1398 //             // break out early here if you can detect it doesn't matter if you do
1399 //         }
1400 //     }
1401 // }
1402 void
1403 __vmi_class_type_info::search_above_dst(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
1404                                         const void* dst_ptr,
1405                                         const void* current_ptr,
1406                                         int path_below,
1407                                         bool use_strcmp) const
1408 {
1409     if (is_equal(this, info->static_type, use_strcmp))
1410         process_static_type_above_dst(info, dst_ptr, current_ptr, path_below);
1411     else
1412     {
1413         typedef const __base_class_type_info* Iter;
1414         // This is not a static_type and not a dst_type
1415         // Save flags so they can be restored when returning to nodes below.
1416         bool found_our_static_ptr = info->found_our_static_ptr;
1417         bool found_any_static_type = info->found_any_static_type;
1418         // We've found a dst_type below with a path to here.  If the path
1419         //    to here is not public, there may be another path to here that
1420         //    is public.  So we have to assume that the path to here is public.
1421         //  We can stop looking above if:
1422         //    1.  We've found a public path to (static_ptr, static_type).
1423         //    2.  We've found an ambiguous cast from (static_ptr, static_type) to a dst_type.
1424         //        This is detected at the (static_ptr, static_type).
1425         //    3.  We can prove that there is no public path to (static_ptr, static_type)
1426         //        above here.
1427         const Iter e = __base_info + __base_count;
1428         Iter p = __base_info;
1429         // Zero out found flags
1430         info->found_our_static_ptr = false;
1431         info->found_any_static_type = false;
1432         p->search_above_dst(info, dst_ptr, current_ptr, path_below, use_strcmp);
1433         found_our_static_ptr |= info->found_our_static_ptr;
1434         found_any_static_type |= info->found_any_static_type;
1435         if (++p < e)
1436         {
1437             do
1438             {
1439                 if (info->search_done)
1440                     break;
1441                 if (info->found_our_static_ptr)
1442                 {
1443                     // If we found what we're looking for, stop looking above.
1444                     if (info->path_dst_ptr_to_static_ptr == public_path)
1445                         break;
1446                     // We found a private path to (static_ptr, static_type)
1447                     //   If there is no diamond then there is only one path
1448                     //   to (static_ptr, static_type) from here and we just found it.
1449                     if (!(__flags & __diamond_shaped_mask))
1450                         break;
1451                 }
1452                 else if (info->found_any_static_type)
1453                 {
1454                     // If we found a static_type that isn't the one we're looking
1455                     //    for, and if there are no repeated types above here,
1456                     //    then stop looking.
1457                     if (!(__flags & __non_diamond_repeat_mask))
1458                         break;
1459                 }
1460                 // Zero out found flags
1461                 info->found_our_static_ptr = false;
1462                 info->found_any_static_type = false;
1463                 p->search_above_dst(info, dst_ptr, current_ptr, path_below, use_strcmp);
1464                 found_our_static_ptr |= info->found_our_static_ptr;
1465                 found_any_static_type |= info->found_any_static_type;
1466             } while (++p < e);
1467         }
1468         // Restore flags
1469         info->found_our_static_ptr = found_our_static_ptr;
1470         info->found_any_static_type = found_any_static_type;
1471     }
1472 }
1473 
1474 // This is the same algorithm as __vmi_class_type_info::search_above_dst but
1475 //   simplified to the case that there is only a single base class.
1476 void
1477 __si_class_type_info::search_above_dst(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
1478                                        const void* dst_ptr,
1479                                        const void* current_ptr,
1480                                        int path_below,
1481                                        bool use_strcmp) const
1482 {
1483     if (is_equal(this, info->static_type, use_strcmp))
1484         process_static_type_above_dst(info, dst_ptr, current_ptr, path_below);
1485     else
1486         __base_type->search_above_dst(info, dst_ptr, current_ptr, path_below, use_strcmp);
1487 }
1488 
1489 // This is the same algorithm as __vmi_class_type_info::search_above_dst but
1490 //   simplified to the case that there is no base class.
1491 void
1492 __class_type_info::search_above_dst(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
1493                                     const void* dst_ptr,
1494                                     const void* current_ptr,
1495                                     int path_below,
1496                                     bool use_strcmp) const
1497 {
1498     if (is_equal(this, info->static_type, use_strcmp))
1499         process_static_type_above_dst(info, dst_ptr, current_ptr, path_below);
1500 }
1501 
1502 // The search functions for __base_class_type_info are simply convenience
1503 //   functions for adjusting the current_ptr and path_below as the search is
1504 //   passed up to the base class node.
1505 
1506 void
1507 __base_class_type_info::search_above_dst(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
1508                                          const void* dst_ptr,
1509                                          const void* current_ptr,
1510                                          int path_below,
1511                                          bool use_strcmp) const
1512 {
1513     ptrdiff_t offset_to_base = __offset_flags >> __offset_shift;
1514     if (__offset_flags & __virtual_mask)
1515     {
1516       const char* vtable = strip_vtable(*static_cast<const char* const*>(current_ptr));
1517       offset_to_base = update_offset_to_base(vtable, offset_to_base);
1518     }
1519     __base_type->search_above_dst(info, dst_ptr,
1520                                   static_cast<const char*>(current_ptr) + offset_to_base,
1521                                   (__offset_flags & __public_mask) ?
1522                                       path_below :
1523                                       not_public_path,
1524                                   use_strcmp);
1525 }
1526 
1527 void
1528 __base_class_type_info::search_below_dst(__dynamic_cast_info* info,
1529                                          const void* current_ptr,
1530                                          int path_below,
1531                                          bool use_strcmp) const
1532 {
1533     ptrdiff_t offset_to_base = __offset_flags >> __offset_shift;
1534     if (__offset_flags & __virtual_mask)
1535     {
1536       const char* vtable = strip_vtable(*static_cast<const char* const*>(current_ptr));
1537       offset_to_base = update_offset_to_base(vtable, offset_to_base);
1538     }
1539     __base_type->search_below_dst(info,
1540                                   static_cast<const char*>(current_ptr) + offset_to_base,
1541                                   (__offset_flags & __public_mask) ?
1542                                       path_below :
1543                                       not_public_path,
1544                                   use_strcmp);
1545 }
1546 
1547 }  // __cxxabiv1
1548