xref: /llvm-project/libcxx/include/__numeric/gcd_lcm.h (revision f7ff3cde96c4b81b032c58cafee7bf77233f5517)
1 // -*- C++ -*-
2 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
3 //
4 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
5 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
6 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7 //
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 
10 #ifndef _LIBCPP___NUMERIC_GCD_LCM_H
11 #define _LIBCPP___NUMERIC_GCD_LCM_H
12 
13 #include <__algorithm/min.h>
14 #include <__assert>
15 #include <__bit/countr.h>
16 #include <__config>
17 #include <__type_traits/common_type.h>
18 #include <__type_traits/is_integral.h>
19 #include <__type_traits/is_same.h>
20 #include <__type_traits/is_signed.h>
21 #include <__type_traits/make_unsigned.h>
22 #include <limits>
23 
24 #if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
25 #  pragma GCC system_header
26 #endif
27 
28 _LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
29 #include <__undef_macros>
30 
31 _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
32 
33 #if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 17
34 
35 template <typename _Result, typename _Source, bool _IsSigned = is_signed<_Source>::value>
36 struct __ct_abs;
37 
38 template <typename _Result, typename _Source>
39 struct __ct_abs<_Result, _Source, true> {
40   constexpr _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _Result operator()(_Source __t) const noexcept {
41     if (__t >= 0)
42       return __t;
43     if (__t == numeric_limits<_Source>::min())
44       return -static_cast<_Result>(__t);
45     return -__t;
46   }
47 };
48 
49 template <typename _Result, typename _Source>
50 struct __ct_abs<_Result, _Source, false> {
51   constexpr _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _Result operator()(_Source __t) const noexcept { return __t; }
52 };
53 
54 template <class _Tp>
55 constexpr _LIBCPP_HIDDEN _Tp __gcd(_Tp __a, _Tp __b) {
56   static_assert(!is_signed<_Tp>::value, "");
57 
58   // Using Binary GCD algorithm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_GCD_algorithm, based on an implementation
59   // from https://lemire.me/blog/2024/04/13/greatest-common-divisor-the-extended-euclidean-algorithm-and-speed/
60   //
61   // If power of two divides both numbers, we can push it out.
62   // - gcd( 2^x * a, 2^x * b) = 2^x * gcd(a, b)
63   //
64   // If and only if exactly one number is even, we can divide that number by that power.
65   // - if a, b are odd, then gcd(2^x * a, b) = gcd(a, b)
66   //
67   // And standard gcd algorithm where instead of modulo, minus is used.
68 
69   if (__a < __b) {
70     _Tp __tmp = __b;
71     __b       = __a;
72     __a       = __tmp;
73   }
74   if (__b == 0)
75     return __a;
76   __a %= __b; // Make both argument of the same size, and early result in the easy case.
77   if (__a == 0)
78     return __b;
79 
80   _Tp __c     = __a | __b;
81   int __shift = std::__countr_zero(__c);
82   __a >>= std::__countr_zero(__a);
83   do {
84     _Tp __t = __b >> std::__countr_zero(__b);
85     if (__a > __t) {
86       __b = __a - __t;
87       __a = __t;
88     } else {
89       __b = __t - __a;
90     }
91   } while (__b != 0);
92   return __a << __shift;
93 }
94 
95 template <class _Tp, class _Up>
96 constexpr _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI common_type_t<_Tp, _Up> gcd(_Tp __m, _Up __n) {
97   static_assert(is_integral<_Tp>::value && is_integral<_Up>::value, "Arguments to gcd must be integer types");
98   static_assert(!is_same<__remove_cv_t<_Tp>, bool>::value, "First argument to gcd cannot be bool");
99   static_assert(!is_same<__remove_cv_t<_Up>, bool>::value, "Second argument to gcd cannot be bool");
100   using _Rp = common_type_t<_Tp, _Up>;
101   using _Wp = make_unsigned_t<_Rp>;
102   return static_cast<_Rp>(
103       std::__gcd(static_cast<_Wp>(__ct_abs<_Rp, _Tp>()(__m)), static_cast<_Wp>(__ct_abs<_Rp, _Up>()(__n))));
104 }
105 
106 template <class _Tp, class _Up>
107 constexpr _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI common_type_t<_Tp, _Up> lcm(_Tp __m, _Up __n) {
108   static_assert(is_integral<_Tp>::value && is_integral<_Up>::value, "Arguments to lcm must be integer types");
109   static_assert(!is_same<__remove_cv_t<_Tp>, bool>::value, "First argument to lcm cannot be bool");
110   static_assert(!is_same<__remove_cv_t<_Up>, bool>::value, "Second argument to lcm cannot be bool");
111   if (__m == 0 || __n == 0)
112     return 0;
113 
114   using _Rp  = common_type_t<_Tp, _Up>;
115   _Rp __val1 = __ct_abs<_Rp, _Tp>()(__m) / std::gcd(__m, __n);
116   _Rp __val2 = __ct_abs<_Rp, _Up>()(__n);
117   _Rp __res;
118   [[maybe_unused]] bool __overflow = __builtin_mul_overflow(__val1, __val2, &__res);
119   _LIBCPP_ASSERT_ARGUMENT_WITHIN_DOMAIN(!__overflow, "Overflow in lcm");
120   return __res;
121 }
122 
123 #endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 17
124 
125 _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
126 
127 _LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
128 
129 #endif // _LIBCPP___NUMERIC_GCD_LCM_H
130