[NFC] llvm-cgdata use StringRef in exitWithError to reduce construction (#120771)

Replace `static void exitWithError(Twine Message, std::string Whence =
"", std::string Hint = "")` std::string with

[NFC] llvm-cgdata use StringRef in exitWithError to reduce construction (#120771)

Replace `static void exitWithError(Twine Message, std::string Whence =
"", std::string Hint = "")` std::string with StringRef to remove
constructing Strings on every call or passing by value

Fixes: #100065

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Rework the `Option` library to reduce dynamic relocations (#119198)

Apologies for the large change, I looked for ways to break this up and
all of the ones I saw added real complexity. This change f

Rework the `Option` library to reduce dynamic relocations (#119198)

Apologies for the large change, I looked for ways to break this up and
all of the ones I saw added real complexity. This change focuses on the
option's prefixed names and the array of prefixes. These are present in
every option and the dominant source of dynamic relocations for PIE or
PIC users of LLVM and Clang tooling. In some cases, 100s or 1000s of
them for the Clang driver which has a huge number of options.

This PR addresses this by building a string table and a prefixes table
that can be referenced with indices rather than pointers that require
dynamic relocations. This removes almost 7k dynmaic relocations from the
`clang` binary, roughly 8% of the remaining dynmaic relocations outside
of vtables. For busy-boxing use cases where many different option tables
are linked into the same binary, the savings add up a bit more.

The string table is a straightforward mechanism, but the prefixes
required some subtlety. They are encoded in a Pascal-string fashion with
a size followed by a sequence of offsets. This works relatively well for
the small realistic prefixes arrays in use.

Lots of code has to change in order to land this though: both all the
option library code has to be updated to use the string table and
prefixes table, and all the users of the options library have to be
updated to correctly instantiate the objects.

Some follow-up patches in the works to provide an abstraction for this
style of code, and to start using the same technique for some of the
other strings here now that the infrastructure is in place.

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[CGData] Global Merge Functions (#112671)

This implements a global function merging pass. Unlike traditional
function merging passes that use IR comparators, this pass employs a
structurally stabl

[CGData] Global Merge Functions (#112671)

This implements a global function merging pass. Unlike traditional
function merging passes that use IR comparators, this pass employs a
structurally stable hash to identify similar functions while ignoring
certain constant operands. These ignored constants are tracked and
encoded into a stable function summary. When merging, instead of
explicitly folding similar functions and their call sites, we form a
merging instance by supplying different parameters via thunks. The
actual size reduction occurs when identically created merging instances
are folded by the linker.

Currently, this pass is wired to a pre-codegen pass, enabled by the
`-enable-global-merge-func` flag.
In a local merging mode, the analysis and merging steps occur
sequentially within a module:
- `analyze`: Collects stable function hashes and tracks locations of
ignored constant operands.
- `finalize`: Identifies merge candidates with matching hashes and
computes the set of parameters that point to different constants.
- `merge`: Uses the stable function map to optimistically create a
merged function.

We can enable a global merging mode similar to the global function
outliner
(https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-enhanced-machine-outliner-part-2-thinlto-nolto/78753/),
which will perform the above steps separately.
- `-codegen-data-generate`: During the first round of code generation,
we analyze local merging instances and publish their summaries.
- Offline using `llvm-cgdata` or at link-time, we can finalize all these
merging summaries that are combined to determine parameters.
- `-codegen-data-use`: During the second round of code generation, we
optimistically create merging instances within each module, and finally,
the linker folds identically created merging instances.

Depends on #112664
This is a patch for
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-global-function-merging/82608.

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[CGData][llvm-cgdata] Support for stable function map (#112664)

This introduces a new cgdata format for stable function maps. The raw
data is embedded in the __llvm_merge section during compile tim

[CGData][llvm-cgdata] Support for stable function map (#112664)

This introduces a new cgdata format for stable function maps. The raw
data is embedded in the __llvm_merge section during compile time. This
data can be read and merged using the llvm-cgdata tool, into an indexed
cgdata file. Consequently, the tool is now capable of handling either
outlined hash trees, stable function maps, or both, as they are
orthogonal.

Depends on #112662.
This is a patch for
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-global-function-merging/82608.

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[llvm-cgdata] Fix -Wcovered-switch-default (NFC)

/llvm-project/llvm/tools/llvm-cgdata/llvm-cgdata.cpp:349:3:
error: default label in switch which covers all enumeration values [-Werror,-Wcovered-swi

[llvm-cgdata] Fix -Wcovered-switch-default (NFC)

/llvm-project/llvm/tools/llvm-cgdata/llvm-cgdata.cpp:349:3:
error: default label in switch which covers all enumeration values [-Werror,-Wcovered-switch-default]
default:
^
1 error generated.

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Reland [CGData] llvm-cgdata #89884 (#101461)

Reland [CGData] llvm-cgdata #89884 using `Opt` instead of `cl`
- Action options are required, `--convert`, `--show`, `--merge`. This
was similar to sub

Reland [CGData] llvm-cgdata #89884 (#101461)

Reland [CGData] llvm-cgdata #89884 using `Opt` instead of `cl`
- Action options are required, `--convert`, `--show`, `--merge`. This
was similar to sub-commands previously implemented, but having a prefix
`--`.
- `--format` option is added, which specifies `text` or `binary`.

---------

Co-authored-by: Kyungwoo Lee <kyulee@fb.com>

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[CGData] llvm-cgdata (#89884)

The llvm-cgdata tool has been introduced to handle reading and writing
of codegen data. This data includes an optimistic codegen summary that
can be utilized to enhan

[CGData] llvm-cgdata (#89884)

The llvm-cgdata tool has been introduced to handle reading and writing
of codegen data. This data includes an optimistic codegen summary that
can be utilized to enhance subsequent codegen. Currently, the tool
supports saving and restoring the outlined hash tree, facilitating
machine function outlining across modules. Additional codegen summaries
can be incorporated into separate sections as required. This patch
primarily establishes basic support for the reader and writer, similar
to llvm-profdata.

The high-level operations of llvm-cgdata are as follows:
1. It reads local raw codegen data from a custom section (for example,
__llvm_outline) embedded in native binary files
2. It merges local raw codegen data into an indexed codegen data,
complete with a suitable header.
3. It handles reading and writing of the indexed codegen data into a
standalone file.

This depends on https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/89792.
This is a patch for
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-enhanced-machine-outliner-part-2-thinlto-nolto/78753.

---------

Co-authored-by: Kyungwoo Lee <kyulee@fb.com>

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