[libc++][C++03] Use `__cxx03/` headers in C++03 mode (#109002)

This patch implements the forwarding to frozen C++03 headers as
discussed in
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-freezing-c-03-headers-in-

[libc++][C++03] Use `__cxx03/` headers in C++03 mode (#109002)

This patch implements the forwarding to frozen C++03 headers as
discussed in
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-freezing-c-03-headers-in-libc. In the
RFC, we initially proposed selecting the right headers from the Clang
driver, however consensus seemed to steer towards handling this in the
library itself. This patch implements that direction.

At a high level, the changes basically amount to making each public
header look like this:

```
// inside <vector>
#ifdef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
# include <__cxx03/vector>
#else
// normal <vector> content
#endif
```

In most cases, public headers are simple umbrella headers so there isn't
much code in the #else branch. In other cases, the #else branch contains
the actual implementation of the header.

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[libc++] Deprecate and remove meaningless `<cxxx>` headers (#111615)

This PR deprecates `<ccomplex>`, `<cstdbool>`, `<ctgmath>`, and
`<ciso646>` in C++17 and "removes" them in C++20 by special depr

[libc++] Deprecate and remove meaningless `<cxxx>` headers (#111615)

This PR deprecates `<ccomplex>`, `<cstdbool>`, `<ctgmath>`, and
`<ciso646>` in C++17 and "removes" them in C++20 by special deprecation
warnings.

`<cstdalign>` is previously missing. This PR also tries to add them, and
then deprecates and "removes" `<cstdalign>`.

Papers:
- https://wg21.link/P0063R3
- https://wg21.link/P0619R4

Closes #99985.

---------

Co-authored-by: Louis Dionne <ldionne.2@gmail.com>

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