[libc++][C++03] Use `__cxx03/` headers in C++03 mode (#109002)

This patch implements the forwarding to frozen C++03 headers as
discussed in
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-freezing-c-03-headers-in-

[libc++][C++03] Use `__cxx03/` headers in C++03 mode (#109002)

This patch implements the forwarding to frozen C++03 headers as
discussed in
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-freezing-c-03-headers-in-libc. In the
RFC, we initially proposed selecting the right headers from the Clang
driver, however consensus seemed to steer towards handling this in the
library itself. This patch implements that direction.

At a high level, the changes basically amount to making each public
header look like this:

```
// inside <vector>
#ifdef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
# include <__cxx03/vector>
#else
// normal <vector> content
#endif
```

In most cases, public headers are simple umbrella headers so there isn't
much code in the #else branch. In other cases, the #else branch contains
the actual implementation of the header.

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[libc++] Implements LWG3130. (#101889)

This adds addressof at the required places in [input.output]. Some of
the new tests failed since string used operator& internally. These have
been fixed too.

[libc++] Implements LWG3130. (#101889)

This adds addressof at the required places in [input.output]. Some of
the new tests failed since string used operator& internally. These have
been fixed too.

Note the new fstream tests perform output to a basic_string instead of a
double. Using a double requires num_get specialization

num_get<CharT, istreambuf_iterator<CharT,
char_traits_operator_hijacker<CharT>>

This facet is not present in the locale database so the conversion would
fail due to a missing locale facet. Using basic_string avoids using the
locale.

As a drive-by fixes several bugs in the ofstream.cons tests. These
tested ifstream instead of ofstream with an open mode.

Implements:
- LWG3130 [input.output] needs many addressof

Closes #100246.

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[NFC][libc++][tests] Move directories under stringstream

Reviewed By: #libc, philnik

Spies: libcxx-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D151884