[libc++] Fix ODR violation with placeholders

In D145589, we made the std::bind placeholders inline constexpr to
satisfy C++17. It turns out that this causes ODR violations since the
shared library p

[libc++] Fix ODR violation with placeholders

In D145589, we made the std::bind placeholders inline constexpr to
satisfy C++17. It turns out that this causes ODR violations since the
shared library provides strong definitions for those placeholders, and
the linker on Windows actually complains about this.

Fortunately, C++17 only encourages implementations to use `inline constexpr`,
it doesn't force them. So instead, we unconditionally define the placeholders
as `extern const`, which avoids the ODR violation and is indistinguishable
from `inline constexpr` for most purposes, since the placeholders are
empty types anyway.

Note that we could also go back to the pre-D145589 state of defining them
as non-inline constexpr variables in C++17, however that is definitely
non-conforming since that means the placeholders have different addresses
in different TUs. This is all a bit pedantic, but all in all I feel that
`extern const` provides the best bang for our buck, and I can't really
find any downsides to that solution.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D149292

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Support tests in freestanding

Summary:
Freestanding is *weird*. The standard allows it to differ in a bunch of odd
manners from regular C++, and the committee would like to improve that
situation. I

Support tests in freestanding

Summary:
Freestanding is *weird*. The standard allows it to differ in a bunch of odd
manners from regular C++, and the committee would like to improve that
situation. I'd like to make libc++ behave better with what freestanding should
be, so that it can be a tool we use in improving the standard. To do that we
need to try stuff out, both with "freestanding the language mode" and
"freestanding the library subset".

Let's start with the super basic: run the libc++ tests in freestanding, using
clang as the compiler, and see what works. The easiest hack to do this:

In utils/libcxx/test/config.py add:

self.cxx.compile_flags += ['-ffreestanding']

Run the tests and they all fail.

Why? Because in freestanding `main` isn't special. This "not special" property
has two effects: main doesn't get mangled, and main isn't allowed to omit its
`return` statement. The first means main gets mangled and the linker can't
create a valid executable for us to test. The second means we spew out warnings
(ew) and the compiler doesn't insert the `return` we omitted, and main just
falls of the end and does whatever undefined behavior (if you're luck, ud2
leading to non-zero return code).

Let's start my work with the basics. This patch changes all libc++ tests to
declare `main` as `int main(int, char**` so it mangles consistently (enabling us
to declare another `extern "C"` main for freestanding which calls the mangled
one), and adds `return 0;` to all places where it was missing. This touches 6124
files, and I apologize.

The former was done with The Magic Of Sed.

The later was done with a (not quite correct but decent) clang tool:

https://gist.github.com/jfbastien/793819ff360baa845483dde81170feed

This works for most tests, though I did have to adjust a few places when e.g.
the test runs with `-x c`, macros are used for main (such as for the filesystem
tests), etc.

Once this is in we can create a freestanding bot which will prevent further
regressions. After that, we can start the real work of supporting C++
freestanding fairly well in libc++.

<rdar://problem/47754795>

Reviewers: ldionne, mclow.lists, EricWF

Subscribers: christof, jkorous, dexonsmith, arphaman, miyuki, libcxx-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D57624

llvm-svn: 353086

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Update more file headers across all of the LLVM projects in the monorepo
to reflect the new license. These used slightly different spellings that
defeated my regular expressions.

We understand that

Update more file headers across all of the LLVM projects in the monorepo
to reflect the new license. These used slightly different spellings that
defeated my regular expressions.

We understand that people may be surprised that we're moving the header
entirely to discuss the new license. We checked this carefully with the
Foundation's lawyer and we believe this is the correct approach.

Essentially, all code in the project is now made available by the LLVM
project under our new license, so you will see that the license headers
include that license only. Some of our contributors have contributed
code under our old license, and accordingly, we have retained a copy of
our old license notice in the top-level files in each project and
repository.

llvm-svn: 351648

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fix newly failing c++03 tests

llvm-svn: 290472

Fix unused parameters and variables

llvm-svn: 290459

Implement LWG 2488 - Make the placeholders constexpr.

This patch makes the bind placeholders in std::placeholders both (1) const and
(2) constexpr (See below).

This is technically a breaking change

Implement LWG 2488 - Make the placeholders constexpr.

This patch makes the bind placeholders in std::placeholders both (1) const and
(2) constexpr (See below).

This is technically a breaking change for any code using the placeholders
outside of std::bind and depending on them being non-const. However I don't
think this will break any real world code.

(1) Previously the placeholders were non-const extern globals in all
dialects. This patch changes these extern globals to be const in all dialects.
Since the cv-qualifiers don't participate in name mangling for globals this
is an ABI compatible change.

(2) Make the placeholders constexpr in C++11 and beyond. Although LWG 2488 only
applies to C++17 I don't see any reason not to backport this change.

llvm-svn: 273824

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Get tests running with warnings. Fix warnings in headers and tests

llvm-svn: 228344

Move test into test/std subdirectory.

llvm-svn: 224658