[libc++][test] Fix MSVC warnings with `static_cast`s (#74962)

Found while running libc++'s tests with MSVC's STL.

*
`libcxx/test/std/algorithms/alg.modifying.operations/alg.unique/ranges_unique_

[libc++][test] Fix MSVC warnings with `static_cast`s (#74962)

Found while running libc++'s tests with MSVC's STL.

*
`libcxx/test/std/algorithms/alg.modifying.operations/alg.unique/ranges_unique_copy.pass.cpp`
+ Fix MSVC "warning C4389: '`==`': signed/unsigned mismatch".
+ This was x86-specific for me. The LHS is `int` and the RHS is
`size_t`. We know the `array`'s size, so `static_cast<int>` is certainly
safe, and this matches the following `numberOfProj` comparisons.
*
`libcxx/test/std/containers/sequences/insert_range_sequence_containers.h`
+ Fix MSVC "warning C4267: 'argument': conversion from '`size_t`' to
'`const int`', possible loss of data".
+ `test_case.index` is `size_t`:
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/b85f1f9b182234ba366d78ae2174a149e44d08c1/libcxx/test/std/containers/insert_range_helpers.h#L65-L68
+ But the container's `difference_type` is `int`:
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/b85f1f9b182234ba366d78ae2174a149e44d08c1/libcxx/test/support/test_allocator.h#L65-L76
+ I introduced an alias `D` to make the long line more readable.
*
`libcxx/test/std/containers/unord/unord.map/eq.different_hash.pass.cpp`
*
`libcxx/test/std/containers/unord/unord.multimap/eq.different_hash.pass.cpp`
*
`libcxx/test/std/containers/unord/unord.multiset/eq.different_hash.pass.cpp`
*
`libcxx/test/std/containers/unord/unord.set/eq.different_hash.pass.cpp`
+ Fix MSVC "warning C6297: Arithmetic overflow. Results might not be an
expected value."
+ This warning is almost annoying enough to outright disable, but we use
similar `static_cast`s to deal with sign/truncation warnings elsewhere,
because there's some value in ensuring that product code is clean with
respect to these warnings. If there were many more occurrences, then
disabling the warning would be appropriate.
+ Cleanup: Change 2 inconsistently unqualified occurrences of `size_t`
to `std::size_t`.
*
`libcxx/test/std/containers/views/mdspan/layout_stride/index_operator.pass.cpp`
+ Fix MSVC "warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from '`__int64`'
to '`size_t`', possible loss of data".
+ This was x86-specific for me. The `args` are indeed `int64_t`, and
we're storing the result in `size_t`, so we should cast.
* `libcxx/test/std/ranges/range.utility/range.utility.conv/container.h`
+ Fix MSVC "warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from '`ptrdiff_t`'
to '`int`', possible loss of data".
+ Fix MSVC "warning C4267: 'initializing': conversion from '`size_t`' to
'`int`', possible loss of data".
+ We're initializing `int size_`, so we should explicitly cast from
pointer subtraction and `std::ranges::size`.
*
`libcxx/test/std/utilities/memory/util.smartptr/util.smartptr.shared/util.smartptr.shared.create/allocate_shared_for_overwrite.pass.cpp`
*
`libcxx/test/std/utilities/memory/util.smartptr/util.smartptr.shared/util.smartptr.shared.create/make_shared_for_overwrite.pass.cpp`
*
`libcxx/test/std/utilities/smartptr/unique.ptr/unique.ptr.create/make_unique_for_overwrite.default_init.pass.cpp`
+ Fix MSVC "warning C4309: 'initializing': truncation of constant
value".
+ MSVC emits this warning because `0xDE` is outside the range of `char`
(signed by default in our implementation).
* `libcxx/test/support/concat_macros.h`
+ Fix MSVC "warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from '`char16_t`' to
'`const char`', possible loss of data".
+ Fix MSVC "warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from '`unsigned int`'
to '`const char`', possible loss of data".
+ This code was very recently introduced by @mordante in #73395.

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[libcxx][test] std::array::iterator are not pointers by C++ standard (#70729)

This is to modify a list of libcxx tests written under the assumption
that iterators for std::array, std::string_view,

[libcxx][test] std::array::iterator are not pointers by C++ standard (#70729)

This is to modify a list of libcxx tests written under the assumption
that iterators for std::array, std::string_view, and std::string are
pointers. The motivation for this PR is to make the tests more universal
and potentially being used to test other C++ standard library
implementations, for example
[microsoft/STL](https://github.com/microsoft/STL).

I can confirm that this patch makes a number of tests compatible with
microsoft STL:
`Failed : 204 (2.12%)` -> `Failed : 136 (1.42%)`
, and does not break any tests on `libcxx`.

This is not a complete list of such incompatibilities, but I am hoping
this will start a discussion about whether we are open to accepting such
changes.

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[libc++] Make <ranges> non-experimental

When we ship LLVM 16, <ranges> won't be considered experimental anymore.
We might as well do this sooner rather than later.

Differential Revision: https://re

[libc++] Make <ranges> non-experimental

When we ship LLVM 16, <ranges> won't be considered experimental anymore.
We might as well do this sooner rather than later.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D132151

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[libc++][ranges] implement `std::ranges::unique{_copy}`

implement `std::ranges::unique` and `std::ranges::unique_copy`

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D130404

[libc++][ranges][NFC] Implement the repetitive parts of the remaining range algorithms:

- create the headers (but not include them from `<algorithm>`);
- define the niebloid and its member functions

[libc++][ranges][NFC] Implement the repetitive parts of the remaining range algorithms:

- create the headers (but not include them from `<algorithm>`);
- define the niebloid and its member functions with the right signatures
(as no-ops);
- make sure all the right headers are included that are required by each
algorithm's signature;
- update `CMakeLists.txt` and the module map;
- create the test files with the appropriate synopses.

The synopsis in `<algorithm>` is deliberately not updated because that
could be taken as a readiness signal. The new headers aren't included
from `<algorithm>` for the same reason.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D129549

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