xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/sshkey.c (revision a5429850edcc9dd5646cc8ddb251ed22eba08b09)
1 /* $OpenBSD: sshkey.c,v 1.122 2022/09/17 10:30:45 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2008 Alexander von Gernler.  All rights reserved.
5  * Copyright (c) 2010,2011 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
18  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
19  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
20  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
21  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
22  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
23  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
24  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
25  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26  */
27 
28 #include <sys/types.h>
29 #include <netinet/in.h>
30 
31 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
32 #include <openssl/evp.h>
33 #include <openssl/err.h>
34 #include <openssl/pem.h>
35 #endif
36 
37 #include "crypto_api.h"
38 
39 #include <errno.h>
40 #include <stdio.h>
41 #include <string.h>
42 #include <util.h>
43 #include <limits.h>
44 #include <resolv.h>
45 
46 #include "ssh2.h"
47 #include "ssherr.h"
48 #include "misc.h"
49 #include "sshbuf.h"
50 #include "cipher.h"
51 #include "digest.h"
52 #define SSHKEY_INTERNAL
53 #include "sshkey.h"
54 #include "match.h"
55 #include "ssh-sk.h"
56 
57 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
58 #include "sshkey-xmss.h"
59 #include "xmss_fast.h"
60 #endif
61 
62 /* openssh private key file format */
63 #define MARK_BEGIN		"-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----\n"
64 #define MARK_END		"-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----\n"
65 #define MARK_BEGIN_LEN		(sizeof(MARK_BEGIN) - 1)
66 #define MARK_END_LEN		(sizeof(MARK_END) - 1)
67 #define KDFNAME			"bcrypt"
68 #define AUTH_MAGIC		"openssh-key-v1"
69 #define SALT_LEN		16
70 #define DEFAULT_CIPHERNAME	"aes256-ctr"
71 #define	DEFAULT_ROUNDS		16
72 
73 /* Version identification string for SSH v1 identity files. */
74 #define LEGACY_BEGIN		"SSH PRIVATE KEY FILE FORMAT 1.1\n"
75 
76 /*
77  * Constants relating to "shielding" support; protection of keys expected
78  * to remain in memory for long durations
79  */
80 #define SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_LEN	(16 * 1024)
81 #define SSHKEY_SHIELD_CIPHER		"aes256-ctr" /* XXX want AES-EME* */
82 #define SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH	SSH_DIGEST_SHA512
83 
84 int	sshkey_private_serialize_opt(struct sshkey *key,
85     struct sshbuf *buf, enum sshkey_serialize_rep);
86 static int sshkey_from_blob_internal(struct sshbuf *buf,
87     struct sshkey **keyp, int allow_cert);
88 
89 /* Supported key types */
90 struct keytype {
91 	const char *name;
92 	const char *shortname;
93 	const char *sigalg;
94 	int type;
95 	int nid;
96 	int cert;
97 	int sigonly;
98 };
99 static const struct keytype keytypes[] = {
100 	{ "ssh-ed25519", "ED25519", NULL, KEY_ED25519, 0, 0, 0 },
101 	{ "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com", "ED25519-CERT", NULL,
102 	    KEY_ED25519_CERT, 0, 1, 0 },
103 	{ "sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com", "ED25519-SK", NULL,
104 	    KEY_ED25519_SK, 0, 0, 0 },
105 	{ "sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com", "ED25519-SK-CERT", NULL,
106 	    KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT, 0, 1, 0 },
107 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
108 	{ "ssh-xmss@openssh.com", "XMSS", NULL, KEY_XMSS, 0, 0, 0 },
109 	{ "ssh-xmss-cert-v01@openssh.com", "XMSS-CERT", NULL,
110 	    KEY_XMSS_CERT, 0, 1, 0 },
111 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
112 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
113 	{ "ssh-rsa", "RSA", NULL, KEY_RSA, 0, 0, 0 },
114 	{ "rsa-sha2-256", "RSA", NULL, KEY_RSA, 0, 0, 1 },
115 	{ "rsa-sha2-512", "RSA", NULL, KEY_RSA, 0, 0, 1 },
116 	{ "ssh-dss", "DSA", NULL, KEY_DSA, 0, 0, 0 },
117 	{ "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256", "ECDSA", NULL,
118 	    KEY_ECDSA, NID_X9_62_prime256v1, 0, 0 },
119 	{ "ecdsa-sha2-nistp384", "ECDSA", NULL,
120 	    KEY_ECDSA, NID_secp384r1, 0, 0 },
121 	{ "ecdsa-sha2-nistp521", "ECDSA", NULL,
122 	    KEY_ECDSA, NID_secp521r1, 0, 0 },
123 	{ "sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com", "ECDSA-SK", NULL,
124 	    KEY_ECDSA_SK, NID_X9_62_prime256v1, 0, 0 },
125 	{ "webauthn-sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com", "ECDSA-SK", NULL,
126 	    KEY_ECDSA_SK, NID_X9_62_prime256v1, 0, 1 },
127 	{ "ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com", "RSA-CERT", NULL,
128 	    KEY_RSA_CERT, 0, 1, 0 },
129 	{ "rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com", "RSA-CERT",
130 	    "rsa-sha2-256", KEY_RSA_CERT, 0, 1, 1 },
131 	{ "rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com", "RSA-CERT",
132 	    "rsa-sha2-512", KEY_RSA_CERT, 0, 1, 1 },
133 	{ "ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com", "DSA-CERT", NULL,
134 	    KEY_DSA_CERT, 0, 1, 0 },
135 	{ "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com", "ECDSA-CERT", NULL,
136 	    KEY_ECDSA_CERT, NID_X9_62_prime256v1, 1, 0 },
137 	{ "ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com", "ECDSA-CERT", NULL,
138 	    KEY_ECDSA_CERT, NID_secp384r1, 1, 0 },
139 	{ "ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com", "ECDSA-CERT", NULL,
140 	    KEY_ECDSA_CERT, NID_secp521r1, 1, 0 },
141 	{ "sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com", "ECDSA-SK-CERT", NULL,
142 	    KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT, NID_X9_62_prime256v1, 1, 0 },
143 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
144 	{ NULL, NULL, NULL, -1, -1, 0, 0 }
145 };
146 
147 const char *
148 sshkey_type(const struct sshkey *k)
149 {
150 	const struct keytype *kt;
151 
152 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
153 		if (kt->type == k->type)
154 			return kt->shortname;
155 	}
156 	return "unknown";
157 }
158 
159 static const char *
160 sshkey_ssh_name_from_type_nid(int type, int nid)
161 {
162 	const struct keytype *kt;
163 
164 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
165 		if (kt->type == type && (kt->nid == 0 || kt->nid == nid))
166 			return kt->name;
167 	}
168 	return "ssh-unknown";
169 }
170 
171 int
172 sshkey_type_is_cert(int type)
173 {
174 	const struct keytype *kt;
175 
176 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
177 		if (kt->type == type)
178 			return kt->cert;
179 	}
180 	return 0;
181 }
182 
183 const char *
184 sshkey_ssh_name(const struct sshkey *k)
185 {
186 	return sshkey_ssh_name_from_type_nid(k->type, k->ecdsa_nid);
187 }
188 
189 const char *
190 sshkey_ssh_name_plain(const struct sshkey *k)
191 {
192 	return sshkey_ssh_name_from_type_nid(sshkey_type_plain(k->type),
193 	    k->ecdsa_nid);
194 }
195 
196 int
197 sshkey_type_from_name(const char *name)
198 {
199 	const struct keytype *kt;
200 
201 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
202 		/* Only allow shortname matches for plain key types */
203 		if ((kt->name != NULL && strcmp(name, kt->name) == 0) ||
204 		    (!kt->cert && strcasecmp(kt->shortname, name) == 0))
205 			return kt->type;
206 	}
207 	return KEY_UNSPEC;
208 }
209 
210 static int
211 key_type_is_ecdsa_variant(int type)
212 {
213 	switch (type) {
214 	case KEY_ECDSA:
215 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
216 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
217 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
218 		return 1;
219 	}
220 	return 0;
221 }
222 
223 int
224 sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(const char *name)
225 {
226 	const struct keytype *kt;
227 
228 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
229 		if (!key_type_is_ecdsa_variant(kt->type))
230 			continue;
231 		if (kt->name != NULL && strcmp(name, kt->name) == 0)
232 			return kt->nid;
233 	}
234 	return -1;
235 }
236 
237 int
238 sshkey_match_keyname_to_sigalgs(const char *keyname, const char *sigalgs)
239 {
240 	int ktype;
241 
242 	if (sigalgs == NULL || *sigalgs == '\0' ||
243 	    (ktype = sshkey_type_from_name(keyname)) == KEY_UNSPEC)
244 		return 0;
245 	else if (ktype == KEY_RSA) {
246 		return match_pattern_list("ssh-rsa", sigalgs, 0) == 1 ||
247 		    match_pattern_list("rsa-sha2-256", sigalgs, 0) == 1 ||
248 		    match_pattern_list("rsa-sha2-512", sigalgs, 0) == 1;
249 	} else if (ktype == KEY_RSA_CERT) {
250 		return match_pattern_list("ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com",
251 		    sigalgs, 0) == 1 ||
252 		    match_pattern_list("rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com",
253 		    sigalgs, 0) == 1 ||
254 		    match_pattern_list("rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com",
255 		    sigalgs, 0) == 1;
256 	} else
257 		return match_pattern_list(keyname, sigalgs, 0) == 1;
258 }
259 
260 char *
261 sshkey_alg_list(int certs_only, int plain_only, int include_sigonly, char sep)
262 {
263 	char *tmp, *ret = NULL;
264 	size_t nlen, rlen = 0;
265 	const struct keytype *kt;
266 
267 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
268 		if (kt->name == NULL)
269 			continue;
270 		if (!include_sigonly && kt->sigonly)
271 			continue;
272 		if ((certs_only && !kt->cert) || (plain_only && kt->cert))
273 			continue;
274 		if (ret != NULL)
275 			ret[rlen++] = sep;
276 		nlen = strlen(kt->name);
277 		if ((tmp = realloc(ret, rlen + nlen + 2)) == NULL) {
278 			free(ret);
279 			return NULL;
280 		}
281 		ret = tmp;
282 		memcpy(ret + rlen, kt->name, nlen + 1);
283 		rlen += nlen;
284 	}
285 	return ret;
286 }
287 
288 int
289 sshkey_names_valid2(const char *names, int allow_wildcard)
290 {
291 	char *s, *cp, *p;
292 	const struct keytype *kt;
293 	int type;
294 
295 	if (names == NULL || strcmp(names, "") == 0)
296 		return 0;
297 	if ((s = cp = strdup(names)) == NULL)
298 		return 0;
299 	for ((p = strsep(&cp, ",")); p && *p != '\0';
300 	    (p = strsep(&cp, ","))) {
301 		type = sshkey_type_from_name(p);
302 		if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
303 			if (allow_wildcard) {
304 				/*
305 				 * Try matching key types against the string.
306 				 * If any has a positive or negative match then
307 				 * the component is accepted.
308 				 */
309 				for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
310 					if (match_pattern_list(kt->name,
311 					    p, 0) != 0)
312 						break;
313 				}
314 				if (kt->type != -1)
315 					continue;
316 			}
317 			free(s);
318 			return 0;
319 		}
320 	}
321 	free(s);
322 	return 1;
323 }
324 
325 u_int
326 sshkey_size(const struct sshkey *k)
327 {
328 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
329 	const BIGNUM *rsa_n, *dsa_p;
330 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
331 
332 	switch (k->type) {
333 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
334 	case KEY_RSA:
335 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
336 		if (k->rsa == NULL)
337 			return 0;
338 		RSA_get0_key(k->rsa, &rsa_n, NULL, NULL);
339 		return BN_num_bits(rsa_n);
340 	case KEY_DSA:
341 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
342 		if (k->dsa == NULL)
343 			return 0;
344 		DSA_get0_pqg(k->dsa, &dsa_p, NULL, NULL);
345 		return BN_num_bits(dsa_p);
346 	case KEY_ECDSA:
347 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
348 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
349 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
350 		return sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(k->ecdsa_nid);
351 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
352 	case KEY_ED25519:
353 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
354 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
355 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
356 	case KEY_XMSS:
357 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
358 		return 256;	/* XXX */
359 	}
360 	return 0;
361 }
362 
363 static int
364 sshkey_type_is_valid_ca(int type)
365 {
366 	switch (type) {
367 	case KEY_RSA:
368 	case KEY_DSA:
369 	case KEY_ECDSA:
370 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
371 	case KEY_ED25519:
372 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
373 	case KEY_XMSS:
374 		return 1;
375 	default:
376 		return 0;
377 	}
378 }
379 
380 int
381 sshkey_is_cert(const struct sshkey *k)
382 {
383 	if (k == NULL)
384 		return 0;
385 	return sshkey_type_is_cert(k->type);
386 }
387 
388 int
389 sshkey_is_sk(const struct sshkey *k)
390 {
391 	if (k == NULL)
392 		return 0;
393 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
394 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
395 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
396 		return 1;
397 	default:
398 		return 0;
399 	}
400 }
401 
402 /* Return the cert-less equivalent to a certified key type */
403 int
404 sshkey_type_plain(int type)
405 {
406 	switch (type) {
407 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
408 		return KEY_RSA;
409 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
410 		return KEY_DSA;
411 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
412 		return KEY_ECDSA;
413 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
414 		return KEY_ECDSA_SK;
415 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
416 		return KEY_ED25519;
417 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
418 		return KEY_ED25519_SK;
419 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
420 		return KEY_XMSS;
421 	default:
422 		return type;
423 	}
424 }
425 
426 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
427 /* XXX: these are really begging for a table-driven approach */
428 int
429 sshkey_curve_name_to_nid(const char *name)
430 {
431 	if (strcmp(name, "nistp256") == 0)
432 		return NID_X9_62_prime256v1;
433 	else if (strcmp(name, "nistp384") == 0)
434 		return NID_secp384r1;
435 	else if (strcmp(name, "nistp521") == 0)
436 		return NID_secp521r1;
437 	else
438 		return -1;
439 }
440 
441 u_int
442 sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(int nid)
443 {
444 	switch (nid) {
445 	case NID_X9_62_prime256v1:
446 		return 256;
447 	case NID_secp384r1:
448 		return 384;
449 	case NID_secp521r1:
450 		return 521;
451 	default:
452 		return 0;
453 	}
454 }
455 
456 int
457 sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(int bits)
458 {
459 	switch (bits) {
460 	case 256:
461 		return NID_X9_62_prime256v1;
462 	case 384:
463 		return NID_secp384r1;
464 	case 521:
465 		return NID_secp521r1;
466 	default:
467 		return -1;
468 	}
469 }
470 
471 const char *
472 sshkey_curve_nid_to_name(int nid)
473 {
474 	switch (nid) {
475 	case NID_X9_62_prime256v1:
476 		return "nistp256";
477 	case NID_secp384r1:
478 		return "nistp384";
479 	case NID_secp521r1:
480 		return "nistp521";
481 	default:
482 		return NULL;
483 	}
484 }
485 
486 int
487 sshkey_ec_nid_to_hash_alg(int nid)
488 {
489 	int kbits = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid);
490 
491 	if (kbits <= 0)
492 		return -1;
493 
494 	/* RFC5656 section 6.2.1 */
495 	if (kbits <= 256)
496 		return SSH_DIGEST_SHA256;
497 	else if (kbits <= 384)
498 		return SSH_DIGEST_SHA384;
499 	else
500 		return SSH_DIGEST_SHA512;
501 }
502 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
503 
504 static void
505 cert_free(struct sshkey_cert *cert)
506 {
507 	u_int i;
508 
509 	if (cert == NULL)
510 		return;
511 	sshbuf_free(cert->certblob);
512 	sshbuf_free(cert->critical);
513 	sshbuf_free(cert->extensions);
514 	free(cert->key_id);
515 	for (i = 0; i < cert->nprincipals; i++)
516 		free(cert->principals[i]);
517 	free(cert->principals);
518 	sshkey_free(cert->signature_key);
519 	free(cert->signature_type);
520 	freezero(cert, sizeof(*cert));
521 }
522 
523 static struct sshkey_cert *
524 cert_new(void)
525 {
526 	struct sshkey_cert *cert;
527 
528 	if ((cert = calloc(1, sizeof(*cert))) == NULL)
529 		return NULL;
530 	if ((cert->certblob = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
531 	    (cert->critical = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
532 	    (cert->extensions = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
533 		cert_free(cert);
534 		return NULL;
535 	}
536 	cert->key_id = NULL;
537 	cert->principals = NULL;
538 	cert->signature_key = NULL;
539 	cert->signature_type = NULL;
540 	return cert;
541 }
542 
543 struct sshkey *
544 sshkey_new(int type)
545 {
546 	struct sshkey *k;
547 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
548 	RSA *rsa;
549 	DSA *dsa;
550 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
551 
552 	if ((k = calloc(1, sizeof(*k))) == NULL)
553 		return NULL;
554 	k->type = type;
555 	k->ecdsa = NULL;
556 	k->ecdsa_nid = -1;
557 	k->dsa = NULL;
558 	k->rsa = NULL;
559 	k->cert = NULL;
560 	k->ed25519_sk = NULL;
561 	k->ed25519_pk = NULL;
562 	k->xmss_sk = NULL;
563 	k->xmss_pk = NULL;
564 	switch (k->type) {
565 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
566 	case KEY_RSA:
567 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
568 		if ((rsa = RSA_new()) == NULL) {
569 			free(k);
570 			return NULL;
571 		}
572 		k->rsa = rsa;
573 		break;
574 	case KEY_DSA:
575 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
576 		if ((dsa = DSA_new()) == NULL) {
577 			free(k);
578 			return NULL;
579 		}
580 		k->dsa = dsa;
581 		break;
582 	case KEY_ECDSA:
583 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
584 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
585 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
586 		/* Cannot do anything until we know the group */
587 		break;
588 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
589 	case KEY_ED25519:
590 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
591 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
592 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
593 	case KEY_XMSS:
594 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
595 		/* no need to prealloc */
596 		break;
597 	case KEY_UNSPEC:
598 		break;
599 	default:
600 		free(k);
601 		return NULL;
602 	}
603 
604 	if (sshkey_is_cert(k)) {
605 		if ((k->cert = cert_new()) == NULL) {
606 			sshkey_free(k);
607 			return NULL;
608 		}
609 	}
610 
611 	return k;
612 }
613 
614 void
615 sshkey_free(struct sshkey *k)
616 {
617 	if (k == NULL)
618 		return;
619 	switch (k->type) {
620 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
621 	case KEY_RSA:
622 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
623 		RSA_free(k->rsa);
624 		k->rsa = NULL;
625 		break;
626 	case KEY_DSA:
627 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
628 		DSA_free(k->dsa);
629 		k->dsa = NULL;
630 		break;
631 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
632 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
633 		free(k->sk_application);
634 		sshbuf_free(k->sk_key_handle);
635 		sshbuf_free(k->sk_reserved);
636 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
637 	case KEY_ECDSA:
638 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
639 		EC_KEY_free(k->ecdsa);
640 		k->ecdsa = NULL;
641 		break;
642 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
643 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
644 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
645 		free(k->sk_application);
646 		sshbuf_free(k->sk_key_handle);
647 		sshbuf_free(k->sk_reserved);
648 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
649 	case KEY_ED25519:
650 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
651 		freezero(k->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ);
652 		k->ed25519_pk = NULL;
653 		freezero(k->ed25519_sk, ED25519_SK_SZ);
654 		k->ed25519_sk = NULL;
655 		break;
656 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
657 	case KEY_XMSS:
658 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
659 		freezero(k->xmss_pk, sshkey_xmss_pklen(k));
660 		k->xmss_pk = NULL;
661 		freezero(k->xmss_sk, sshkey_xmss_sklen(k));
662 		k->xmss_sk = NULL;
663 		sshkey_xmss_free_state(k);
664 		free(k->xmss_name);
665 		k->xmss_name = NULL;
666 		free(k->xmss_filename);
667 		k->xmss_filename = NULL;
668 		break;
669 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
670 	case KEY_UNSPEC:
671 		break;
672 	default:
673 		break;
674 	}
675 	if (sshkey_is_cert(k))
676 		cert_free(k->cert);
677 	freezero(k->shielded_private, k->shielded_len);
678 	freezero(k->shield_prekey, k->shield_prekey_len);
679 	freezero(k, sizeof(*k));
680 }
681 
682 static int
683 cert_compare(struct sshkey_cert *a, struct sshkey_cert *b)
684 {
685 	if (a == NULL && b == NULL)
686 		return 1;
687 	if (a == NULL || b == NULL)
688 		return 0;
689 	if (sshbuf_len(a->certblob) != sshbuf_len(b->certblob))
690 		return 0;
691 	if (timingsafe_bcmp(sshbuf_ptr(a->certblob), sshbuf_ptr(b->certblob),
692 	    sshbuf_len(a->certblob)) != 0)
693 		return 0;
694 	return 1;
695 }
696 
697 /*
698  * Compare public portions of key only, allowing comparisons between
699  * certificates and plain keys too.
700  */
701 int
702 sshkey_equal_public(const struct sshkey *a, const struct sshkey *b)
703 {
704 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
705 	const BIGNUM *rsa_e_a, *rsa_n_a;
706 	const BIGNUM *rsa_e_b, *rsa_n_b;
707 	const BIGNUM *dsa_p_a, *dsa_q_a, *dsa_g_a, *dsa_pub_key_a;
708 	const BIGNUM *dsa_p_b, *dsa_q_b, *dsa_g_b, *dsa_pub_key_b;
709 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
710 
711 	if (a == NULL || b == NULL ||
712 	    sshkey_type_plain(a->type) != sshkey_type_plain(b->type))
713 		return 0;
714 
715 	switch (a->type) {
716 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
717 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
718 	case KEY_RSA:
719 		if (a->rsa == NULL || b->rsa == NULL)
720 			return 0;
721 		RSA_get0_key(a->rsa, &rsa_n_a, &rsa_e_a, NULL);
722 		RSA_get0_key(b->rsa, &rsa_n_b, &rsa_e_b, NULL);
723 		return BN_cmp(rsa_e_a, rsa_e_b) == 0 &&
724 		    BN_cmp(rsa_n_a, rsa_n_b) == 0;
725 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
726 	case KEY_DSA:
727 		if (a->dsa == NULL || b->dsa == NULL)
728 			return 0;
729 		DSA_get0_pqg(a->dsa, &dsa_p_a, &dsa_q_a, &dsa_g_a);
730 		DSA_get0_pqg(b->dsa, &dsa_p_b, &dsa_q_b, &dsa_g_b);
731 		DSA_get0_key(a->dsa, &dsa_pub_key_a, NULL);
732 		DSA_get0_key(b->dsa, &dsa_pub_key_b, NULL);
733 		return BN_cmp(dsa_p_a, dsa_p_b) == 0 &&
734 		    BN_cmp(dsa_q_a, dsa_q_b) == 0 &&
735 		    BN_cmp(dsa_g_a, dsa_g_b) == 0 &&
736 		    BN_cmp(dsa_pub_key_a, dsa_pub_key_b) == 0;
737 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
738 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
739 		if (a->sk_application == NULL || b->sk_application == NULL)
740 			return 0;
741 		if (strcmp(a->sk_application, b->sk_application) != 0)
742 			return 0;
743 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
744 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
745 	case KEY_ECDSA:
746 		if (a->ecdsa == NULL || b->ecdsa == NULL ||
747 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(a->ecdsa) == NULL ||
748 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(b->ecdsa) == NULL)
749 			return 0;
750 		if (EC_GROUP_cmp(EC_KEY_get0_group(a->ecdsa),
751 		    EC_KEY_get0_group(b->ecdsa), NULL) != 0 ||
752 		    EC_POINT_cmp(EC_KEY_get0_group(a->ecdsa),
753 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(a->ecdsa),
754 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(b->ecdsa), NULL) != 0)
755 			return 0;
756 		return 1;
757 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
758 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
759 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
760 		if (a->sk_application == NULL || b->sk_application == NULL)
761 			return 0;
762 		if (strcmp(a->sk_application, b->sk_application) != 0)
763 			return 0;
764 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
765 	case KEY_ED25519:
766 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
767 		return a->ed25519_pk != NULL && b->ed25519_pk != NULL &&
768 		    memcmp(a->ed25519_pk, b->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ) == 0;
769 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
770 	case KEY_XMSS:
771 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
772 		return a->xmss_pk != NULL && b->xmss_pk != NULL &&
773 		    sshkey_xmss_pklen(a) == sshkey_xmss_pklen(b) &&
774 		    memcmp(a->xmss_pk, b->xmss_pk, sshkey_xmss_pklen(a)) == 0;
775 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
776 	default:
777 		return 0;
778 	}
779 	/* NOTREACHED */
780 }
781 
782 int
783 sshkey_equal(const struct sshkey *a, const struct sshkey *b)
784 {
785 	if (a == NULL || b == NULL || a->type != b->type)
786 		return 0;
787 	if (sshkey_is_cert(a)) {
788 		if (!cert_compare(a->cert, b->cert))
789 			return 0;
790 	}
791 	return sshkey_equal_public(a, b);
792 }
793 
794 static int
795 to_blob_buf(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b, int force_plain,
796   enum sshkey_serialize_rep opts)
797 {
798 	int type, ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
799 	const char *typename;
800 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
801 	const BIGNUM *rsa_n, *rsa_e, *dsa_p, *dsa_q, *dsa_g, *dsa_pub_key;
802 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
803 
804 	if (key == NULL)
805 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
806 
807 	if (sshkey_is_cert(key)) {
808 		if (key->cert == NULL)
809 			return SSH_ERR_EXPECTED_CERT;
810 		if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0)
811 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_LACKS_CERTBLOB;
812 	}
813 	type = force_plain ? sshkey_type_plain(key->type) : key->type;
814 	typename = sshkey_ssh_name_from_type_nid(type, key->ecdsa_nid);
815 
816 	switch (type) {
817 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
818 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
819 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
820 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
821 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
822 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
823 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
824 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
825 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
826 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
827 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
828 		/* Use the existing blob */
829 		/* XXX modified flag? */
830 		if ((ret = sshbuf_putb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0)
831 			return ret;
832 		break;
833 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
834 	case KEY_DSA:
835 		if (key->dsa == NULL)
836 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
837 		DSA_get0_pqg(key->dsa, &dsa_p, &dsa_q, &dsa_g);
838 		DSA_get0_key(key->dsa, &dsa_pub_key, NULL);
839 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, typename)) != 0 ||
840 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_p)) != 0 ||
841 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_q)) != 0 ||
842 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_g)) != 0 ||
843 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_pub_key)) != 0)
844 			return ret;
845 		break;
846 	case KEY_ECDSA:
847 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
848 		if (key->ecdsa == NULL)
849 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
850 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, typename)) != 0 ||
851 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b,
852 		    sshkey_curve_nid_to_name(key->ecdsa_nid))) != 0 ||
853 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_eckey(b, key->ecdsa)) != 0)
854 			return ret;
855 		if (type == KEY_ECDSA_SK) {
856 			if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b,
857 			    key->sk_application)) != 0)
858 				return ret;
859 		}
860 		break;
861 	case KEY_RSA:
862 		if (key->rsa == NULL)
863 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
864 		RSA_get0_key(key->rsa, &rsa_n, &rsa_e, NULL);
865 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, typename)) != 0 ||
866 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_e)) != 0 ||
867 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_n)) != 0)
868 			return ret;
869 		break;
870 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
871 	case KEY_ED25519:
872 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
873 		if (key->ed25519_pk == NULL)
874 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
875 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, typename)) != 0 ||
876 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_string(b,
877 		    key->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ)) != 0)
878 			return ret;
879 		if (type == KEY_ED25519_SK) {
880 			if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b,
881 			    key->sk_application)) != 0)
882 				return ret;
883 		}
884 		break;
885 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
886 	case KEY_XMSS:
887 		if (key->xmss_name == NULL || key->xmss_pk == NULL ||
888 		    sshkey_xmss_pklen(key) == 0)
889 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
890 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, typename)) != 0 ||
891 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->xmss_name)) != 0 ||
892 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_string(b,
893 		    key->xmss_pk, sshkey_xmss_pklen(key))) != 0 ||
894 		    (ret = sshkey_xmss_serialize_pk_info(key, b, opts)) != 0)
895 			return ret;
896 		break;
897 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
898 	default:
899 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
900 	}
901 	return 0;
902 }
903 
904 int
905 sshkey_putb(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b)
906 {
907 	return to_blob_buf(key, b, 0, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
908 }
909 
910 int
911 sshkey_puts_opts(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b,
912     enum sshkey_serialize_rep opts)
913 {
914 	struct sshbuf *tmp;
915 	int r;
916 
917 	if ((tmp = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
918 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
919 	r = to_blob_buf(key, tmp, 0, opts);
920 	if (r == 0)
921 		r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, tmp);
922 	sshbuf_free(tmp);
923 	return r;
924 }
925 
926 int
927 sshkey_puts(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b)
928 {
929 	return sshkey_puts_opts(key, b, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
930 }
931 
932 int
933 sshkey_putb_plain(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b)
934 {
935 	return to_blob_buf(key, b, 1, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
936 }
937 
938 static int
939 to_blob(const struct sshkey *key, u_char **blobp, size_t *lenp, int force_plain,
940     enum sshkey_serialize_rep opts)
941 {
942 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
943 	size_t len;
944 	struct sshbuf *b = NULL;
945 
946 	if (lenp != NULL)
947 		*lenp = 0;
948 	if (blobp != NULL)
949 		*blobp = NULL;
950 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
951 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
952 	if ((ret = to_blob_buf(key, b, force_plain, opts)) != 0)
953 		goto out;
954 	len = sshbuf_len(b);
955 	if (lenp != NULL)
956 		*lenp = len;
957 	if (blobp != NULL) {
958 		if ((*blobp = malloc(len)) == NULL) {
959 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
960 			goto out;
961 		}
962 		memcpy(*blobp, sshbuf_ptr(b), len);
963 	}
964 	ret = 0;
965  out:
966 	sshbuf_free(b);
967 	return ret;
968 }
969 
970 int
971 sshkey_to_blob(const struct sshkey *key, u_char **blobp, size_t *lenp)
972 {
973 	return to_blob(key, blobp, lenp, 0, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
974 }
975 
976 int
977 sshkey_plain_to_blob(const struct sshkey *key, u_char **blobp, size_t *lenp)
978 {
979 	return to_blob(key, blobp, lenp, 1, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
980 }
981 
982 int
983 sshkey_fingerprint_raw(const struct sshkey *k, int dgst_alg,
984     u_char **retp, size_t *lenp)
985 {
986 	u_char *blob = NULL, *ret = NULL;
987 	size_t blob_len = 0;
988 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
989 
990 	if (retp != NULL)
991 		*retp = NULL;
992 	if (lenp != NULL)
993 		*lenp = 0;
994 	if (ssh_digest_bytes(dgst_alg) == 0) {
995 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
996 		goto out;
997 	}
998 	if ((r = to_blob(k, &blob, &blob_len, 1, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT))
999 	    != 0)
1000 		goto out;
1001 	if ((ret = calloc(1, SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH)) == NULL) {
1002 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1003 		goto out;
1004 	}
1005 	if ((r = ssh_digest_memory(dgst_alg, blob, blob_len,
1006 	    ret, SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH)) != 0)
1007 		goto out;
1008 	/* success */
1009 	if (retp != NULL) {
1010 		*retp = ret;
1011 		ret = NULL;
1012 	}
1013 	if (lenp != NULL)
1014 		*lenp = ssh_digest_bytes(dgst_alg);
1015 	r = 0;
1016  out:
1017 	free(ret);
1018 	if (blob != NULL)
1019 		freezero(blob, blob_len);
1020 	return r;
1021 }
1022 
1023 static char *
1024 fingerprint_b64(const char *alg, u_char *dgst_raw, size_t dgst_raw_len)
1025 {
1026 	char *ret;
1027 	size_t plen = strlen(alg) + 1;
1028 	size_t rlen = ((dgst_raw_len + 2) / 3) * 4 + plen + 1;
1029 
1030 	if (dgst_raw_len > 65536 || (ret = calloc(1, rlen)) == NULL)
1031 		return NULL;
1032 	strlcpy(ret, alg, rlen);
1033 	strlcat(ret, ":", rlen);
1034 	if (dgst_raw_len == 0)
1035 		return ret;
1036 	if (b64_ntop(dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len, ret + plen, rlen - plen) == -1) {
1037 		freezero(ret, rlen);
1038 		return NULL;
1039 	}
1040 	/* Trim padding characters from end */
1041 	ret[strcspn(ret, "=")] = '\0';
1042 	return ret;
1043 }
1044 
1045 static char *
1046 fingerprint_hex(const char *alg, u_char *dgst_raw, size_t dgst_raw_len)
1047 {
1048 	char *retval, hex[5];
1049 	size_t i, rlen = dgst_raw_len * 3 + strlen(alg) + 2;
1050 
1051 	if (dgst_raw_len > 65536 || (retval = calloc(1, rlen)) == NULL)
1052 		return NULL;
1053 	strlcpy(retval, alg, rlen);
1054 	strlcat(retval, ":", rlen);
1055 	for (i = 0; i < dgst_raw_len; i++) {
1056 		snprintf(hex, sizeof(hex), "%s%02x",
1057 		    i > 0 ? ":" : "", dgst_raw[i]);
1058 		strlcat(retval, hex, rlen);
1059 	}
1060 	return retval;
1061 }
1062 
1063 static char *
1064 fingerprint_bubblebabble(u_char *dgst_raw, size_t dgst_raw_len)
1065 {
1066 	char vowels[] = { 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'y' };
1067 	char consonants[] = { 'b', 'c', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'k', 'l', 'm',
1068 	    'n', 'p', 'r', 's', 't', 'v', 'z', 'x' };
1069 	u_int i, j = 0, rounds, seed = 1;
1070 	char *retval;
1071 
1072 	rounds = (dgst_raw_len / 2) + 1;
1073 	if ((retval = calloc(rounds, 6)) == NULL)
1074 		return NULL;
1075 	retval[j++] = 'x';
1076 	for (i = 0; i < rounds; i++) {
1077 		u_int idx0, idx1, idx2, idx3, idx4;
1078 		if ((i + 1 < rounds) || (dgst_raw_len % 2 != 0)) {
1079 			idx0 = (((((u_int)(dgst_raw[2 * i])) >> 6) & 3) +
1080 			    seed) % 6;
1081 			idx1 = (((u_int)(dgst_raw[2 * i])) >> 2) & 15;
1082 			idx2 = ((((u_int)(dgst_raw[2 * i])) & 3) +
1083 			    (seed / 6)) % 6;
1084 			retval[j++] = vowels[idx0];
1085 			retval[j++] = consonants[idx1];
1086 			retval[j++] = vowels[idx2];
1087 			if ((i + 1) < rounds) {
1088 				idx3 = (((u_int)(dgst_raw[(2 * i) + 1])) >> 4) & 15;
1089 				idx4 = (((u_int)(dgst_raw[(2 * i) + 1]))) & 15;
1090 				retval[j++] = consonants[idx3];
1091 				retval[j++] = '-';
1092 				retval[j++] = consonants[idx4];
1093 				seed = ((seed * 5) +
1094 				    ((((u_int)(dgst_raw[2 * i])) * 7) +
1095 				    ((u_int)(dgst_raw[(2 * i) + 1])))) % 36;
1096 			}
1097 		} else {
1098 			idx0 = seed % 6;
1099 			idx1 = 16;
1100 			idx2 = seed / 6;
1101 			retval[j++] = vowels[idx0];
1102 			retval[j++] = consonants[idx1];
1103 			retval[j++] = vowels[idx2];
1104 		}
1105 	}
1106 	retval[j++] = 'x';
1107 	retval[j++] = '\0';
1108 	return retval;
1109 }
1110 
1111 /*
1112  * Draw an ASCII-Art representing the fingerprint so human brain can
1113  * profit from its built-in pattern recognition ability.
1114  * This technique is called "random art" and can be found in some
1115  * scientific publications like this original paper:
1116  *
1117  * "Hash Visualization: a New Technique to improve Real-World Security",
1118  * Perrig A. and Song D., 1999, International Workshop on Cryptographic
1119  * Techniques and E-Commerce (CrypTEC '99)
1120  * sparrow.ece.cmu.edu/~adrian/projects/validation/validation.pdf
1121  *
1122  * The subject came up in a talk by Dan Kaminsky, too.
1123  *
1124  * If you see the picture is different, the key is different.
1125  * If the picture looks the same, you still know nothing.
1126  *
1127  * The algorithm used here is a worm crawling over a discrete plane,
1128  * leaving a trace (augmenting the field) everywhere it goes.
1129  * Movement is taken from dgst_raw 2bit-wise.  Bumping into walls
1130  * makes the respective movement vector be ignored for this turn.
1131  * Graphs are not unambiguous, because circles in graphs can be
1132  * walked in either direction.
1133  */
1134 
1135 /*
1136  * Field sizes for the random art.  Have to be odd, so the starting point
1137  * can be in the exact middle of the picture, and FLDBASE should be >=8 .
1138  * Else pictures would be too dense, and drawing the frame would
1139  * fail, too, because the key type would not fit in anymore.
1140  */
1141 #define	FLDBASE		8
1142 #define	FLDSIZE_Y	(FLDBASE + 1)
1143 #define	FLDSIZE_X	(FLDBASE * 2 + 1)
1144 static char *
1145 fingerprint_randomart(const char *alg, u_char *dgst_raw, size_t dgst_raw_len,
1146     const struct sshkey *k)
1147 {
1148 	/*
1149 	 * Chars to be used after each other every time the worm
1150 	 * intersects with itself.  Matter of taste.
1151 	 */
1152 	char	*augmentation_string = " .o+=*BOX@%&#/^SE";
1153 	char	*retval, *p, title[FLDSIZE_X], hash[FLDSIZE_X];
1154 	u_char	 field[FLDSIZE_X][FLDSIZE_Y];
1155 	size_t	 i, tlen, hlen;
1156 	u_int	 b;
1157 	int	 x, y, r;
1158 	size_t	 len = strlen(augmentation_string) - 1;
1159 
1160 	if ((retval = calloc((FLDSIZE_X + 3), (FLDSIZE_Y + 2))) == NULL)
1161 		return NULL;
1162 
1163 	/* initialize field */
1164 	memset(field, 0, FLDSIZE_X * FLDSIZE_Y * sizeof(char));
1165 	x = FLDSIZE_X / 2;
1166 	y = FLDSIZE_Y / 2;
1167 
1168 	/* process raw key */
1169 	for (i = 0; i < dgst_raw_len; i++) {
1170 		int input;
1171 		/* each byte conveys four 2-bit move commands */
1172 		input = dgst_raw[i];
1173 		for (b = 0; b < 4; b++) {
1174 			/* evaluate 2 bit, rest is shifted later */
1175 			x += (input & 0x1) ? 1 : -1;
1176 			y += (input & 0x2) ? 1 : -1;
1177 
1178 			/* assure we are still in bounds */
1179 			x = MAXIMUM(x, 0);
1180 			y = MAXIMUM(y, 0);
1181 			x = MINIMUM(x, FLDSIZE_X - 1);
1182 			y = MINIMUM(y, FLDSIZE_Y - 1);
1183 
1184 			/* augment the field */
1185 			if (field[x][y] < len - 2)
1186 				field[x][y]++;
1187 			input = input >> 2;
1188 		}
1189 	}
1190 
1191 	/* mark starting point and end point*/
1192 	field[FLDSIZE_X / 2][FLDSIZE_Y / 2] = len - 1;
1193 	field[x][y] = len;
1194 
1195 	/* assemble title */
1196 	r = snprintf(title, sizeof(title), "[%s %u]",
1197 		sshkey_type(k), sshkey_size(k));
1198 	/* If [type size] won't fit, then try [type]; fits "[ED25519-CERT]" */
1199 	if (r < 0 || r > (int)sizeof(title))
1200 		r = snprintf(title, sizeof(title), "[%s]", sshkey_type(k));
1201 	tlen = (r <= 0) ? 0 : strlen(title);
1202 
1203 	/* assemble hash ID. */
1204 	r = snprintf(hash, sizeof(hash), "[%s]", alg);
1205 	hlen = (r <= 0) ? 0 : strlen(hash);
1206 
1207 	/* output upper border */
1208 	p = retval;
1209 	*p++ = '+';
1210 	for (i = 0; i < (FLDSIZE_X - tlen) / 2; i++)
1211 		*p++ = '-';
1212 	memcpy(p, title, tlen);
1213 	p += tlen;
1214 	for (i += tlen; i < FLDSIZE_X; i++)
1215 		*p++ = '-';
1216 	*p++ = '+';
1217 	*p++ = '\n';
1218 
1219 	/* output content */
1220 	for (y = 0; y < FLDSIZE_Y; y++) {
1221 		*p++ = '|';
1222 		for (x = 0; x < FLDSIZE_X; x++)
1223 			*p++ = augmentation_string[MINIMUM(field[x][y], len)];
1224 		*p++ = '|';
1225 		*p++ = '\n';
1226 	}
1227 
1228 	/* output lower border */
1229 	*p++ = '+';
1230 	for (i = 0; i < (FLDSIZE_X - hlen) / 2; i++)
1231 		*p++ = '-';
1232 	memcpy(p, hash, hlen);
1233 	p += hlen;
1234 	for (i += hlen; i < FLDSIZE_X; i++)
1235 		*p++ = '-';
1236 	*p++ = '+';
1237 
1238 	return retval;
1239 }
1240 
1241 char *
1242 sshkey_fingerprint(const struct sshkey *k, int dgst_alg,
1243     enum sshkey_fp_rep dgst_rep)
1244 {
1245 	char *retval = NULL;
1246 	u_char *dgst_raw;
1247 	size_t dgst_raw_len;
1248 
1249 	if (sshkey_fingerprint_raw(k, dgst_alg, &dgst_raw, &dgst_raw_len) != 0)
1250 		return NULL;
1251 	switch (dgst_rep) {
1252 	case SSH_FP_DEFAULT:
1253 		if (dgst_alg == SSH_DIGEST_MD5) {
1254 			retval = fingerprint_hex(ssh_digest_alg_name(dgst_alg),
1255 			    dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1256 		} else {
1257 			retval = fingerprint_b64(ssh_digest_alg_name(dgst_alg),
1258 			    dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1259 		}
1260 		break;
1261 	case SSH_FP_HEX:
1262 		retval = fingerprint_hex(ssh_digest_alg_name(dgst_alg),
1263 		    dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1264 		break;
1265 	case SSH_FP_BASE64:
1266 		retval = fingerprint_b64(ssh_digest_alg_name(dgst_alg),
1267 		    dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1268 		break;
1269 	case SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE:
1270 		retval = fingerprint_bubblebabble(dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1271 		break;
1272 	case SSH_FP_RANDOMART:
1273 		retval = fingerprint_randomart(ssh_digest_alg_name(dgst_alg),
1274 		    dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len, k);
1275 		break;
1276 	default:
1277 		freezero(dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1278 		return NULL;
1279 	}
1280 	freezero(dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1281 	return retval;
1282 }
1283 
1284 static int
1285 peek_type_nid(const char *s, size_t l, int *nid)
1286 {
1287 	const struct keytype *kt;
1288 
1289 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
1290 		if (kt->name == NULL || strlen(kt->name) != l)
1291 			continue;
1292 		if (memcmp(s, kt->name, l) == 0) {
1293 			*nid = -1;
1294 			if (key_type_is_ecdsa_variant(kt->type))
1295 				*nid = kt->nid;
1296 			return kt->type;
1297 		}
1298 	}
1299 	return KEY_UNSPEC;
1300 }
1301 
1302 /* XXX this can now be made const char * */
1303 int
1304 sshkey_read(struct sshkey *ret, char **cpp)
1305 {
1306 	struct sshkey *k;
1307 	char *cp, *blobcopy;
1308 	size_t space;
1309 	int r, type, curve_nid = -1;
1310 	struct sshbuf *blob;
1311 
1312 	if (ret == NULL)
1313 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1314 
1315 	switch (ret->type) {
1316 	case KEY_UNSPEC:
1317 	case KEY_RSA:
1318 	case KEY_DSA:
1319 	case KEY_ECDSA:
1320 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
1321 	case KEY_ED25519:
1322 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
1323 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
1324 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
1325 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
1326 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
1327 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
1328 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
1329 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
1330 	case KEY_XMSS:
1331 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
1332 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
1333 		break; /* ok */
1334 	default:
1335 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1336 	}
1337 
1338 	/* Decode type */
1339 	cp = *cpp;
1340 	space = strcspn(cp, " \t");
1341 	if (space == strlen(cp))
1342 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
1343 	if ((type = peek_type_nid(cp, space, &curve_nid)) == KEY_UNSPEC)
1344 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
1345 
1346 	/* skip whitespace */
1347 	for (cp += space; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
1348 		;
1349 	if (*cp == '\0')
1350 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
1351 	if (ret->type != KEY_UNSPEC && ret->type != type)
1352 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_MISMATCH;
1353 	if ((blob = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1354 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1355 
1356 	/* find end of keyblob and decode */
1357 	space = strcspn(cp, " \t");
1358 	if ((blobcopy = strndup(cp, space)) == NULL) {
1359 		sshbuf_free(blob);
1360 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1361 	}
1362 	if ((r = sshbuf_b64tod(blob, blobcopy)) != 0) {
1363 		free(blobcopy);
1364 		sshbuf_free(blob);
1365 		return r;
1366 	}
1367 	free(blobcopy);
1368 	if ((r = sshkey_fromb(blob, &k)) != 0) {
1369 		sshbuf_free(blob);
1370 		return r;
1371 	}
1372 	sshbuf_free(blob);
1373 
1374 	/* skip whitespace and leave cp at start of comment */
1375 	for (cp += space; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
1376 		;
1377 
1378 	/* ensure type of blob matches type at start of line */
1379 	if (k->type != type) {
1380 		sshkey_free(k);
1381 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_MISMATCH;
1382 	}
1383 	if (key_type_is_ecdsa_variant(type) && curve_nid != k->ecdsa_nid) {
1384 		sshkey_free(k);
1385 		return SSH_ERR_EC_CURVE_MISMATCH;
1386 	}
1387 
1388 	/* Fill in ret from parsed key */
1389 	ret->type = type;
1390 	if (sshkey_is_cert(ret)) {
1391 		if (!sshkey_is_cert(k)) {
1392 			sshkey_free(k);
1393 			return SSH_ERR_EXPECTED_CERT;
1394 		}
1395 		if (ret->cert != NULL)
1396 			cert_free(ret->cert);
1397 		ret->cert = k->cert;
1398 		k->cert = NULL;
1399 	}
1400 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(ret->type)) {
1401 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1402 	case KEY_RSA:
1403 		RSA_free(ret->rsa);
1404 		ret->rsa = k->rsa;
1405 		k->rsa = NULL;
1406 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1407 		RSA_print_fp(stderr, ret->rsa, 8);
1408 #endif
1409 		break;
1410 	case KEY_DSA:
1411 		DSA_free(ret->dsa);
1412 		ret->dsa = k->dsa;
1413 		k->dsa = NULL;
1414 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1415 		DSA_print_fp(stderr, ret->dsa, 8);
1416 #endif
1417 		break;
1418 	case KEY_ECDSA:
1419 		EC_KEY_free(ret->ecdsa);
1420 		ret->ecdsa = k->ecdsa;
1421 		ret->ecdsa_nid = k->ecdsa_nid;
1422 		k->ecdsa = NULL;
1423 		k->ecdsa_nid = -1;
1424 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1425 		sshkey_dump_ec_key(ret->ecdsa);
1426 #endif
1427 		break;
1428 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
1429 		EC_KEY_free(ret->ecdsa);
1430 		ret->ecdsa = k->ecdsa;
1431 		ret->ecdsa_nid = k->ecdsa_nid;
1432 		ret->sk_application = k->sk_application;
1433 		k->ecdsa = NULL;
1434 		k->ecdsa_nid = -1;
1435 		k->sk_application = NULL;
1436 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1437 		sshkey_dump_ec_key(ret->ecdsa);
1438 		fprintf(stderr, "App: %s\n", ret->sk_application);
1439 #endif
1440 		break;
1441 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1442 	case KEY_ED25519:
1443 		freezero(ret->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ);
1444 		ret->ed25519_pk = k->ed25519_pk;
1445 		k->ed25519_pk = NULL;
1446 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1447 		/* XXX */
1448 #endif
1449 		break;
1450 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
1451 		freezero(ret->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ);
1452 		ret->ed25519_pk = k->ed25519_pk;
1453 		ret->sk_application = k->sk_application;
1454 		k->ed25519_pk = NULL;
1455 		k->sk_application = NULL;
1456 		break;
1457 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
1458 	case KEY_XMSS:
1459 		free(ret->xmss_pk);
1460 		ret->xmss_pk = k->xmss_pk;
1461 		k->xmss_pk = NULL;
1462 		free(ret->xmss_state);
1463 		ret->xmss_state = k->xmss_state;
1464 		k->xmss_state = NULL;
1465 		free(ret->xmss_name);
1466 		ret->xmss_name = k->xmss_name;
1467 		k->xmss_name = NULL;
1468 		free(ret->xmss_filename);
1469 		ret->xmss_filename = k->xmss_filename;
1470 		k->xmss_filename = NULL;
1471 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1472 		/* XXX */
1473 #endif
1474 		break;
1475 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
1476 	default:
1477 		sshkey_free(k);
1478 		return SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1479 	}
1480 	sshkey_free(k);
1481 
1482 	/* success */
1483 	*cpp = cp;
1484 	return 0;
1485 }
1486 
1487 int
1488 sshkey_to_base64(const struct sshkey *key, char **b64p)
1489 {
1490 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1491 	struct sshbuf *b = NULL;
1492 	char *uu = NULL;
1493 
1494 	if (b64p != NULL)
1495 		*b64p = NULL;
1496 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1497 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1498 	if ((r = sshkey_putb(key, b)) != 0)
1499 		goto out;
1500 	if ((uu = sshbuf_dtob64_string(b, 0)) == NULL) {
1501 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1502 		goto out;
1503 	}
1504 	/* Success */
1505 	if (b64p != NULL) {
1506 		*b64p = uu;
1507 		uu = NULL;
1508 	}
1509 	r = 0;
1510  out:
1511 	sshbuf_free(b);
1512 	free(uu);
1513 	return r;
1514 }
1515 
1516 int
1517 sshkey_format_text(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b)
1518 {
1519 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1520 	char *uu = NULL;
1521 
1522 	if ((r = sshkey_to_base64(key, &uu)) != 0)
1523 		goto out;
1524 	if ((r = sshbuf_putf(b, "%s %s",
1525 	    sshkey_ssh_name(key), uu)) != 0)
1526 		goto out;
1527 	r = 0;
1528  out:
1529 	free(uu);
1530 	return r;
1531 }
1532 
1533 int
1534 sshkey_write(const struct sshkey *key, FILE *f)
1535 {
1536 	struct sshbuf *b = NULL;
1537 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1538 
1539 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1540 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1541 	if ((r = sshkey_format_text(key, b)) != 0)
1542 		goto out;
1543 	if (fwrite(sshbuf_ptr(b), sshbuf_len(b), 1, f) != 1) {
1544 		if (feof(f))
1545 			errno = EPIPE;
1546 		r = SSH_ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR;
1547 		goto out;
1548 	}
1549 	/* Success */
1550 	r = 0;
1551  out:
1552 	sshbuf_free(b);
1553 	return r;
1554 }
1555 
1556 const char *
1557 sshkey_cert_type(const struct sshkey *k)
1558 {
1559 	switch (k->cert->type) {
1560 	case SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER:
1561 		return "user";
1562 	case SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST:
1563 		return "host";
1564 	default:
1565 		return "unknown";
1566 	}
1567 }
1568 
1569 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1570 static int
1571 rsa_generate_private_key(u_int bits, RSA **rsap)
1572 {
1573 	RSA *private = NULL;
1574 	BIGNUM *f4 = NULL;
1575 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1576 
1577 	if (rsap == NULL)
1578 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1579 	if (bits < SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE ||
1580 	    bits > SSHBUF_MAX_BIGNUM * 8)
1581 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_LENGTH;
1582 	*rsap = NULL;
1583 	if ((private = RSA_new()) == NULL || (f4 = BN_new()) == NULL) {
1584 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1585 		goto out;
1586 	}
1587 	if (!BN_set_word(f4, RSA_F4) ||
1588 	    !RSA_generate_key_ex(private, bits, f4, NULL)) {
1589 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1590 		goto out;
1591 	}
1592 	*rsap = private;
1593 	private = NULL;
1594 	ret = 0;
1595  out:
1596 	RSA_free(private);
1597 	BN_free(f4);
1598 	return ret;
1599 }
1600 
1601 static int
1602 dsa_generate_private_key(u_int bits, DSA **dsap)
1603 {
1604 	DSA *private;
1605 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1606 
1607 	if (dsap == NULL)
1608 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1609 	if (bits != 1024)
1610 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_LENGTH;
1611 	if ((private = DSA_new()) == NULL) {
1612 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1613 		goto out;
1614 	}
1615 	*dsap = NULL;
1616 	if (!DSA_generate_parameters_ex(private, bits, NULL, 0, NULL,
1617 	    NULL, NULL) || !DSA_generate_key(private)) {
1618 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1619 		goto out;
1620 	}
1621 	*dsap = private;
1622 	private = NULL;
1623 	ret = 0;
1624  out:
1625 	DSA_free(private);
1626 	return ret;
1627 }
1628 
1629 int
1630 sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid(EC_KEY *k)
1631 {
1632 	EC_GROUP *eg;
1633 	int nids[] = {
1634 		NID_X9_62_prime256v1,
1635 		NID_secp384r1,
1636 		NID_secp521r1,
1637 		-1
1638 	};
1639 	int nid;
1640 	u_int i;
1641 	const EC_GROUP *g = EC_KEY_get0_group(k);
1642 
1643 	/*
1644 	 * The group may be stored in a ASN.1 encoded private key in one of two
1645 	 * ways: as a "named group", which is reconstituted by ASN.1 object ID
1646 	 * or explicit group parameters encoded into the key blob. Only the
1647 	 * "named group" case sets the group NID for us, but we can figure
1648 	 * it out for the other case by comparing against all the groups that
1649 	 * are supported.
1650 	 */
1651 	if ((nid = EC_GROUP_get_curve_name(g)) > 0)
1652 		return nid;
1653 	for (i = 0; nids[i] != -1; i++) {
1654 		if ((eg = EC_GROUP_new_by_curve_name(nids[i])) == NULL)
1655 			return -1;
1656 		if (EC_GROUP_cmp(g, eg, NULL) == 0)
1657 			break;
1658 		EC_GROUP_free(eg);
1659 	}
1660 	if (nids[i] != -1) {
1661 		/* Use the group with the NID attached */
1662 		EC_GROUP_set_asn1_flag(eg, OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE);
1663 		if (EC_KEY_set_group(k, eg) != 1) {
1664 			EC_GROUP_free(eg);
1665 			return -1;
1666 		}
1667 	}
1668 	return nids[i];
1669 }
1670 
1671 static int
1672 ecdsa_generate_private_key(u_int bits, int *nid, EC_KEY **ecdsap)
1673 {
1674 	EC_KEY *private;
1675 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1676 
1677 	if (nid == NULL || ecdsap == NULL)
1678 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1679 	if ((*nid = sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(bits)) == -1)
1680 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_LENGTH;
1681 	*ecdsap = NULL;
1682 	if ((private = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(*nid)) == NULL) {
1683 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1684 		goto out;
1685 	}
1686 	if (EC_KEY_generate_key(private) != 1) {
1687 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1688 		goto out;
1689 	}
1690 	EC_KEY_set_asn1_flag(private, OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE);
1691 	*ecdsap = private;
1692 	private = NULL;
1693 	ret = 0;
1694  out:
1695 	EC_KEY_free(private);
1696 	return ret;
1697 }
1698 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1699 
1700 int
1701 sshkey_generate(int type, u_int bits, struct sshkey **keyp)
1702 {
1703 	struct sshkey *k;
1704 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1705 
1706 	if (keyp == NULL)
1707 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1708 	*keyp = NULL;
1709 	if ((k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
1710 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1711 	switch (type) {
1712 	case KEY_ED25519:
1713 		if ((k->ed25519_pk = malloc(ED25519_PK_SZ)) == NULL ||
1714 		    (k->ed25519_sk = malloc(ED25519_SK_SZ)) == NULL) {
1715 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1716 			break;
1717 		}
1718 		crypto_sign_ed25519_keypair(k->ed25519_pk, k->ed25519_sk);
1719 		ret = 0;
1720 		break;
1721 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
1722 	case KEY_XMSS:
1723 		ret = sshkey_xmss_generate_private_key(k, bits);
1724 		break;
1725 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
1726 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1727 	case KEY_DSA:
1728 		ret = dsa_generate_private_key(bits, &k->dsa);
1729 		break;
1730 	case KEY_ECDSA:
1731 		ret = ecdsa_generate_private_key(bits, &k->ecdsa_nid,
1732 		    &k->ecdsa);
1733 		break;
1734 	case KEY_RSA:
1735 		ret = rsa_generate_private_key(bits, &k->rsa);
1736 		break;
1737 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1738 	default:
1739 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1740 	}
1741 	if (ret == 0) {
1742 		k->type = type;
1743 		*keyp = k;
1744 	} else
1745 		sshkey_free(k);
1746 	return ret;
1747 }
1748 
1749 int
1750 sshkey_cert_copy(const struct sshkey *from_key, struct sshkey *to_key)
1751 {
1752 	u_int i;
1753 	const struct sshkey_cert *from;
1754 	struct sshkey_cert *to;
1755 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1756 
1757 	if (to_key == NULL || (from = from_key->cert) == NULL)
1758 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1759 
1760 	if ((to = cert_new()) == NULL)
1761 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1762 
1763 	if ((r = sshbuf_putb(to->certblob, from->certblob)) != 0 ||
1764 	    (r = sshbuf_putb(to->critical, from->critical)) != 0 ||
1765 	    (r = sshbuf_putb(to->extensions, from->extensions)) != 0)
1766 		goto out;
1767 
1768 	to->serial = from->serial;
1769 	to->type = from->type;
1770 	if (from->key_id == NULL)
1771 		to->key_id = NULL;
1772 	else if ((to->key_id = strdup(from->key_id)) == NULL) {
1773 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1774 		goto out;
1775 	}
1776 	to->valid_after = from->valid_after;
1777 	to->valid_before = from->valid_before;
1778 	if (from->signature_key == NULL)
1779 		to->signature_key = NULL;
1780 	else if ((r = sshkey_from_private(from->signature_key,
1781 	    &to->signature_key)) != 0)
1782 		goto out;
1783 	if (from->signature_type != NULL &&
1784 	    (to->signature_type = strdup(from->signature_type)) == NULL) {
1785 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1786 		goto out;
1787 	}
1788 	if (from->nprincipals > SSHKEY_CERT_MAX_PRINCIPALS) {
1789 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1790 		goto out;
1791 	}
1792 	if (from->nprincipals > 0) {
1793 		if ((to->principals = calloc(from->nprincipals,
1794 		    sizeof(*to->principals))) == NULL) {
1795 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1796 			goto out;
1797 		}
1798 		for (i = 0; i < from->nprincipals; i++) {
1799 			to->principals[i] = strdup(from->principals[i]);
1800 			if (to->principals[i] == NULL) {
1801 				to->nprincipals = i;
1802 				r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1803 				goto out;
1804 			}
1805 		}
1806 	}
1807 	to->nprincipals = from->nprincipals;
1808 
1809 	/* success */
1810 	cert_free(to_key->cert);
1811 	to_key->cert = to;
1812 	to = NULL;
1813 	r = 0;
1814  out:
1815 	cert_free(to);
1816 	return r;
1817 }
1818 
1819 int
1820 sshkey_from_private(const struct sshkey *k, struct sshkey **pkp)
1821 {
1822 	struct sshkey *n = NULL;
1823 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1824 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1825 	const BIGNUM *rsa_n, *rsa_e;
1826 	BIGNUM *rsa_n_dup = NULL, *rsa_e_dup = NULL;
1827 	const BIGNUM *dsa_p, *dsa_q, *dsa_g, *dsa_pub_key;
1828 	BIGNUM *dsa_p_dup = NULL, *dsa_q_dup = NULL, *dsa_g_dup = NULL;
1829 	BIGNUM *dsa_pub_key_dup = NULL;
1830 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1831 
1832 	*pkp = NULL;
1833 	if ((n = sshkey_new(k->type)) == NULL) {
1834 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1835 		goto out;
1836 	}
1837 	switch (k->type) {
1838 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1839 	case KEY_DSA:
1840 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
1841 		DSA_get0_pqg(k->dsa, &dsa_p, &dsa_q, &dsa_g);
1842 		DSA_get0_key(k->dsa, &dsa_pub_key, NULL);
1843 		if ((dsa_p_dup = BN_dup(dsa_p)) == NULL ||
1844 		    (dsa_q_dup = BN_dup(dsa_q)) == NULL ||
1845 		    (dsa_g_dup = BN_dup(dsa_g)) == NULL ||
1846 		    (dsa_pub_key_dup = BN_dup(dsa_pub_key)) == NULL) {
1847 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1848 			goto out;
1849 		}
1850 		if (!DSA_set0_pqg(n->dsa, dsa_p_dup, dsa_q_dup, dsa_g_dup)) {
1851 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1852 			goto out;
1853 		}
1854 		dsa_p_dup = dsa_q_dup = dsa_g_dup = NULL; /* transferred */
1855 		if (!DSA_set0_key(n->dsa, dsa_pub_key_dup, NULL)) {
1856 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1857 			goto out;
1858 		}
1859 		dsa_pub_key_dup = NULL; /* transferred */
1860 
1861 		break;
1862 	case KEY_ECDSA:
1863 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
1864 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
1865 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
1866 		n->ecdsa_nid = k->ecdsa_nid;
1867 		n->ecdsa = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(k->ecdsa_nid);
1868 		if (n->ecdsa == NULL) {
1869 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1870 			goto out;
1871 		}
1872 		if (EC_KEY_set_public_key(n->ecdsa,
1873 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(k->ecdsa)) != 1) {
1874 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1875 			goto out;
1876 		}
1877 		if (k->type != KEY_ECDSA_SK && k->type != KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT)
1878 			break;
1879 		/* Append security-key application string */
1880 		if ((n->sk_application = strdup(k->sk_application)) == NULL)
1881 			goto out;
1882 		break;
1883 	case KEY_RSA:
1884 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
1885 		RSA_get0_key(k->rsa, &rsa_n, &rsa_e, NULL);
1886 		if ((rsa_n_dup = BN_dup(rsa_n)) == NULL ||
1887 		    (rsa_e_dup = BN_dup(rsa_e)) == NULL) {
1888 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1889 			goto out;
1890 		}
1891 		if (!RSA_set0_key(n->rsa, rsa_n_dup, rsa_e_dup, NULL)) {
1892 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1893 			goto out;
1894 		}
1895 		rsa_n_dup = rsa_e_dup = NULL; /* transferred */
1896 		break;
1897 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1898 	case KEY_ED25519:
1899 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
1900 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
1901 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
1902 		if (k->ed25519_pk != NULL) {
1903 			if ((n->ed25519_pk = malloc(ED25519_PK_SZ)) == NULL) {
1904 				r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1905 				goto out;
1906 			}
1907 			memcpy(n->ed25519_pk, k->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ);
1908 		}
1909 		if (k->type != KEY_ED25519_SK &&
1910 		    k->type != KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT)
1911 			break;
1912 		/* Append security-key application string */
1913 		if ((n->sk_application = strdup(k->sk_application)) == NULL)
1914 			goto out;
1915 		break;
1916 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
1917 	case KEY_XMSS:
1918 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
1919 		if ((r = sshkey_xmss_init(n, k->xmss_name)) != 0)
1920 			goto out;
1921 		if (k->xmss_pk != NULL) {
1922 			u_int32_t left;
1923 			size_t pklen = sshkey_xmss_pklen(k);
1924 			if (pklen == 0 || sshkey_xmss_pklen(n) != pklen) {
1925 				r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1926 				goto out;
1927 			}
1928 			if ((n->xmss_pk = malloc(pklen)) == NULL) {
1929 				r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1930 				goto out;
1931 			}
1932 			memcpy(n->xmss_pk, k->xmss_pk, pklen);
1933 			/* simulate number of signatures left on pubkey */
1934 			left = sshkey_xmss_signatures_left(k);
1935 			if (left)
1936 				sshkey_xmss_enable_maxsign(n, left);
1937 		}
1938 		break;
1939 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
1940 	default:
1941 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
1942 		goto out;
1943 	}
1944 	if (sshkey_is_cert(k) && (r = sshkey_cert_copy(k, n)) != 0)
1945 		goto out;
1946 	/* success */
1947 	*pkp = n;
1948 	n = NULL;
1949 	r = 0;
1950  out:
1951 	sshkey_free(n);
1952 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1953 	BN_clear_free(rsa_n_dup);
1954 	BN_clear_free(rsa_e_dup);
1955 	BN_clear_free(dsa_p_dup);
1956 	BN_clear_free(dsa_q_dup);
1957 	BN_clear_free(dsa_g_dup);
1958 	BN_clear_free(dsa_pub_key_dup);
1959 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1960 
1961 	return r;
1962 }
1963 
1964 int
1965 sshkey_is_shielded(struct sshkey *k)
1966 {
1967 	return k != NULL && k->shielded_private != NULL;
1968 }
1969 
1970 int
1971 sshkey_shield_private(struct sshkey *k)
1972 {
1973 	struct sshbuf *prvbuf = NULL;
1974 	u_char *prekey = NULL, *enc = NULL, keyiv[SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH];
1975 	struct sshcipher_ctx *cctx = NULL;
1976 	const struct sshcipher *cipher;
1977 	size_t i, enclen = 0;
1978 	struct sshkey *kswap = NULL, tmp;
1979 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1980 
1981 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1982 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: entering for %s\n", __func__, sshkey_ssh_name(k));
1983 #endif
1984 	if ((cipher = cipher_by_name(SSHKEY_SHIELD_CIPHER)) == NULL) {
1985 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1986 		goto out;
1987 	}
1988 	if (cipher_keylen(cipher) + cipher_ivlen(cipher) >
1989 	    ssh_digest_bytes(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH)) {
1990 		r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1991 		goto out;
1992 	}
1993 
1994 	/* Prepare a random pre-key, and from it an ephemeral key */
1995 	if ((prekey = malloc(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_LEN)) == NULL) {
1996 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1997 		goto out;
1998 	}
1999 	arc4random_buf(prekey, SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_LEN);
2000 	if ((r = ssh_digest_memory(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH,
2001 	    prekey, SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_LEN,
2002 	    keyiv, SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH)) != 0)
2003 		goto out;
2004 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2005 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: key+iv\n", __func__);
2006 	sshbuf_dump_data(keyiv, ssh_digest_bytes(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH),
2007 	    stderr);
2008 #endif
2009 	if ((r = cipher_init(&cctx, cipher, keyiv, cipher_keylen(cipher),
2010 	    keyiv + cipher_keylen(cipher), cipher_ivlen(cipher), 1)) != 0)
2011 		goto out;
2012 
2013 	/* Serialise and encrypt the private key using the ephemeral key */
2014 	if ((prvbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
2015 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2016 		goto out;
2017 	}
2018 	if (sshkey_is_shielded(k) && (r = sshkey_unshield_private(k)) != 0)
2019 		goto out;
2020 	if ((r = sshkey_private_serialize_opt(k, prvbuf,
2021 	    SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_SHIELD)) != 0)
2022 		goto out;
2023 	/* pad to cipher blocksize */
2024 	i = 0;
2025 	while (sshbuf_len(prvbuf) % cipher_blocksize(cipher)) {
2026 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(prvbuf, ++i & 0xff)) != 0)
2027 			goto out;
2028 	}
2029 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2030 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: serialised\n", __func__);
2031 	sshbuf_dump(prvbuf, stderr);
2032 #endif
2033 	/* encrypt */
2034 	enclen = sshbuf_len(prvbuf);
2035 	if ((enc = malloc(enclen)) == NULL) {
2036 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2037 		goto out;
2038 	}
2039 	if ((r = cipher_crypt(cctx, 0, enc,
2040 	    sshbuf_ptr(prvbuf), sshbuf_len(prvbuf), 0, 0)) != 0)
2041 		goto out;
2042 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2043 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: encrypted\n", __func__);
2044 	sshbuf_dump_data(enc, enclen, stderr);
2045 #endif
2046 
2047 	/* Make a scrubbed, public-only copy of our private key argument */
2048 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(k, &kswap)) != 0)
2049 		goto out;
2050 
2051 	/* Swap the private key out (it will be destroyed below) */
2052 	tmp = *kswap;
2053 	*kswap = *k;
2054 	*k = tmp;
2055 
2056 	/* Insert the shielded key into our argument */
2057 	k->shielded_private = enc;
2058 	k->shielded_len = enclen;
2059 	k->shield_prekey = prekey;
2060 	k->shield_prekey_len = SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_LEN;
2061 	enc = prekey = NULL; /* transferred */
2062 	enclen = 0;
2063 
2064 	/* preserve key fields that are required for correct operation */
2065 	k->sk_flags = kswap->sk_flags;
2066 
2067 	/* success */
2068 	r = 0;
2069 
2070  out:
2071 	/* XXX behaviour on error - invalidate original private key? */
2072 	cipher_free(cctx);
2073 	explicit_bzero(keyiv, sizeof(keyiv));
2074 	explicit_bzero(&tmp, sizeof(tmp));
2075 	freezero(enc, enclen);
2076 	freezero(prekey, SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_LEN);
2077 	sshkey_free(kswap);
2078 	sshbuf_free(prvbuf);
2079 	return r;
2080 }
2081 
2082 /* Check deterministic padding after private key */
2083 static int
2084 private2_check_padding(struct sshbuf *decrypted)
2085 {
2086 	u_char pad;
2087 	size_t i;
2088 	int r;
2089 
2090 	i = 0;
2091 	while (sshbuf_len(decrypted)) {
2092 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(decrypted, &pad)) != 0)
2093 			goto out;
2094 		if (pad != (++i & 0xff)) {
2095 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2096 			goto out;
2097 		}
2098 	}
2099 	/* success */
2100 	r = 0;
2101  out:
2102 	explicit_bzero(&pad, sizeof(pad));
2103 	explicit_bzero(&i, sizeof(i));
2104 	return r;
2105 }
2106 
2107 int
2108 sshkey_unshield_private(struct sshkey *k)
2109 {
2110 	struct sshbuf *prvbuf = NULL;
2111 	u_char *cp, keyiv[SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH];
2112 	struct sshcipher_ctx *cctx = NULL;
2113 	const struct sshcipher *cipher;
2114 	struct sshkey *kswap = NULL, tmp;
2115 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
2116 
2117 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2118 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: entering for %s\n", __func__, sshkey_ssh_name(k));
2119 #endif
2120 	if (!sshkey_is_shielded(k))
2121 		return 0; /* nothing to do */
2122 
2123 	if ((cipher = cipher_by_name(SSHKEY_SHIELD_CIPHER)) == NULL) {
2124 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2125 		goto out;
2126 	}
2127 	if (cipher_keylen(cipher) + cipher_ivlen(cipher) >
2128 	    ssh_digest_bytes(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH)) {
2129 		r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
2130 		goto out;
2131 	}
2132 	/* check size of shielded key blob */
2133 	if (k->shielded_len < cipher_blocksize(cipher) ||
2134 	    (k->shielded_len % cipher_blocksize(cipher)) != 0) {
2135 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2136 		goto out;
2137 	}
2138 
2139 	/* Calculate the ephemeral key from the prekey */
2140 	if ((r = ssh_digest_memory(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH,
2141 	    k->shield_prekey, k->shield_prekey_len,
2142 	    keyiv, SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH)) != 0)
2143 		goto out;
2144 	if ((r = cipher_init(&cctx, cipher, keyiv, cipher_keylen(cipher),
2145 	    keyiv + cipher_keylen(cipher), cipher_ivlen(cipher), 0)) != 0)
2146 		goto out;
2147 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2148 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: key+iv\n", __func__);
2149 	sshbuf_dump_data(keyiv, ssh_digest_bytes(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH),
2150 	    stderr);
2151 #endif
2152 
2153 	/* Decrypt and parse the shielded private key using the ephemeral key */
2154 	if ((prvbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
2155 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2156 		goto out;
2157 	}
2158 	if ((r = sshbuf_reserve(prvbuf, k->shielded_len, &cp)) != 0)
2159 		goto out;
2160 	/* decrypt */
2161 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2162 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: encrypted\n", __func__);
2163 	sshbuf_dump_data(k->shielded_private, k->shielded_len, stderr);
2164 #endif
2165 	if ((r = cipher_crypt(cctx, 0, cp,
2166 	    k->shielded_private, k->shielded_len, 0, 0)) != 0)
2167 		goto out;
2168 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2169 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: serialised\n", __func__);
2170 	sshbuf_dump(prvbuf, stderr);
2171 #endif
2172 	/* Parse private key */
2173 	if ((r = sshkey_private_deserialize(prvbuf, &kswap)) != 0)
2174 		goto out;
2175 
2176 	if ((r = private2_check_padding(prvbuf)) != 0)
2177 		goto out;
2178 
2179 	/* Swap the parsed key back into place */
2180 	tmp = *kswap;
2181 	*kswap = *k;
2182 	*k = tmp;
2183 
2184 	/* success */
2185 	r = 0;
2186 
2187  out:
2188 	cipher_free(cctx);
2189 	explicit_bzero(keyiv, sizeof(keyiv));
2190 	explicit_bzero(&tmp, sizeof(tmp));
2191 	sshkey_free(kswap);
2192 	sshbuf_free(prvbuf);
2193 	return r;
2194 }
2195 
2196 static int
2197 cert_parse(struct sshbuf *b, struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *certbuf)
2198 {
2199 	struct sshbuf *principals = NULL, *crit = NULL;
2200 	struct sshbuf *exts = NULL, *ca = NULL;
2201 	u_char *sig = NULL;
2202 	size_t signed_len = 0, slen = 0, kidlen = 0;
2203 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
2204 
2205 	/* Copy the entire key blob for verification and later serialisation */
2206 	if ((ret = sshbuf_putb(key->cert->certblob, certbuf)) != 0)
2207 		return ret;
2208 
2209 	/* Parse body of certificate up to signature */
2210 	if ((ret = sshbuf_get_u64(b, &key->cert->serial)) != 0 ||
2211 	    (ret = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &key->cert->type)) != 0 ||
2212 	    (ret = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &key->cert->key_id, &kidlen)) != 0 ||
2213 	    (ret = sshbuf_froms(b, &principals)) != 0 ||
2214 	    (ret = sshbuf_get_u64(b, &key->cert->valid_after)) != 0 ||
2215 	    (ret = sshbuf_get_u64(b, &key->cert->valid_before)) != 0 ||
2216 	    (ret = sshbuf_froms(b, &crit)) != 0 ||
2217 	    (ret = sshbuf_froms(b, &exts)) != 0 ||
2218 	    (ret = sshbuf_get_string_direct(b, NULL, NULL)) != 0 ||
2219 	    (ret = sshbuf_froms(b, &ca)) != 0) {
2220 		/* XXX debug print error for ret */
2221 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2222 		goto out;
2223 	}
2224 
2225 	/* Signature is left in the buffer so we can calculate this length */
2226 	signed_len = sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) - sshbuf_len(b);
2227 
2228 	if ((ret = sshbuf_get_string(b, &sig, &slen)) != 0) {
2229 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2230 		goto out;
2231 	}
2232 
2233 	if (key->cert->type != SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER &&
2234 	    key->cert->type != SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST) {
2235 		ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_UNKNOWN_TYPE;
2236 		goto out;
2237 	}
2238 
2239 	/* Parse principals section */
2240 	while (sshbuf_len(principals) > 0) {
2241 		char *principal = NULL;
2242 		char **oprincipals = NULL;
2243 
2244 		if (key->cert->nprincipals >= SSHKEY_CERT_MAX_PRINCIPALS) {
2245 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2246 			goto out;
2247 		}
2248 		if ((ret = sshbuf_get_cstring(principals, &principal,
2249 		    NULL)) != 0) {
2250 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2251 			goto out;
2252 		}
2253 		oprincipals = key->cert->principals;
2254 		key->cert->principals = recallocarray(key->cert->principals,
2255 		    key->cert->nprincipals, key->cert->nprincipals + 1,
2256 		    sizeof(*key->cert->principals));
2257 		if (key->cert->principals == NULL) {
2258 			free(principal);
2259 			key->cert->principals = oprincipals;
2260 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2261 			goto out;
2262 		}
2263 		key->cert->principals[key->cert->nprincipals++] = principal;
2264 	}
2265 
2266 	/*
2267 	 * Stash a copies of the critical options and extensions sections
2268 	 * for later use.
2269 	 */
2270 	if ((ret = sshbuf_putb(key->cert->critical, crit)) != 0 ||
2271 	    (exts != NULL &&
2272 	    (ret = sshbuf_putb(key->cert->extensions, exts)) != 0))
2273 		goto out;
2274 
2275 	/*
2276 	 * Validate critical options and extensions sections format.
2277 	 */
2278 	while (sshbuf_len(crit) != 0) {
2279 		if ((ret = sshbuf_get_string_direct(crit, NULL, NULL)) != 0 ||
2280 		    (ret = sshbuf_get_string_direct(crit, NULL, NULL)) != 0) {
2281 			sshbuf_reset(key->cert->critical);
2282 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2283 			goto out;
2284 		}
2285 	}
2286 	while (exts != NULL && sshbuf_len(exts) != 0) {
2287 		if ((ret = sshbuf_get_string_direct(exts, NULL, NULL)) != 0 ||
2288 		    (ret = sshbuf_get_string_direct(exts, NULL, NULL)) != 0) {
2289 			sshbuf_reset(key->cert->extensions);
2290 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2291 			goto out;
2292 		}
2293 	}
2294 
2295 	/* Parse CA key and check signature */
2296 	if (sshkey_from_blob_internal(ca, &key->cert->signature_key, 0) != 0) {
2297 		ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID_SIGN_KEY;
2298 		goto out;
2299 	}
2300 	if (!sshkey_type_is_valid_ca(key->cert->signature_key->type)) {
2301 		ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID_SIGN_KEY;
2302 		goto out;
2303 	}
2304 	if ((ret = sshkey_verify(key->cert->signature_key, sig, slen,
2305 	    sshbuf_ptr(key->cert->certblob), signed_len, NULL, 0, NULL)) != 0)
2306 		goto out;
2307 	if ((ret = sshkey_get_sigtype(sig, slen,
2308 	    &key->cert->signature_type)) != 0)
2309 		goto out;
2310 
2311 	/* Success */
2312 	ret = 0;
2313  out:
2314 	sshbuf_free(ca);
2315 	sshbuf_free(crit);
2316 	sshbuf_free(exts);
2317 	sshbuf_free(principals);
2318 	free(sig);
2319 	return ret;
2320 }
2321 
2322 int
2323 sshkey_check_rsa_length(const struct sshkey *k, int min_size)
2324 {
2325 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2326 	const BIGNUM *rsa_n;
2327 	int nbits;
2328 
2329 	if (k == NULL || k->rsa == NULL ||
2330 	    (k->type != KEY_RSA && k->type != KEY_RSA_CERT))
2331 		return 0;
2332 	RSA_get0_key(k->rsa, &rsa_n, NULL, NULL);
2333 	nbits = BN_num_bits(rsa_n);
2334 	if (nbits < SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE ||
2335 	    (min_size > 0 && nbits < min_size))
2336 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_LENGTH;
2337 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2338 	return 0;
2339 }
2340 
2341 static int
2342 sshkey_from_blob_internal(struct sshbuf *b, struct sshkey **keyp,
2343     int allow_cert)
2344 {
2345 	int type, ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
2346 	char *ktype = NULL, *curve = NULL, *xmss_name = NULL;
2347 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
2348 	size_t len;
2349 	u_char *pk = NULL;
2350 	struct sshbuf *copy;
2351 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2352 	EC_POINT *q = NULL;
2353 	BIGNUM *rsa_n = NULL, *rsa_e = NULL;
2354 	BIGNUM *dsa_p = NULL, *dsa_q = NULL, *dsa_g = NULL, *dsa_pub_key = NULL;
2355 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2356 
2357 #ifdef DEBUG_PK /* XXX */
2358 	sshbuf_dump(b, stderr);
2359 #endif
2360 	if (keyp != NULL)
2361 		*keyp = NULL;
2362 	if ((copy = sshbuf_fromb(b)) == NULL) {
2363 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2364 		goto out;
2365 	}
2366 	if (sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &ktype, NULL) != 0) {
2367 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2368 		goto out;
2369 	}
2370 
2371 	type = sshkey_type_from_name(ktype);
2372 	if (!allow_cert && sshkey_type_is_cert(type)) {
2373 		ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID_SIGN_KEY;
2374 		goto out;
2375 	}
2376 	switch (type) {
2377 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2378 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
2379 		/* Skip nonce */
2380 		if (sshbuf_get_string_direct(b, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
2381 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2382 			goto out;
2383 		}
2384 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
2385 	case KEY_RSA:
2386 		if ((key = sshkey_new(type)) == NULL) {
2387 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2388 			goto out;
2389 		}
2390 		if (sshbuf_get_bignum2(b, &rsa_e) != 0 ||
2391 		    sshbuf_get_bignum2(b, &rsa_n) != 0) {
2392 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2393 			goto out;
2394 		}
2395 		if (!RSA_set0_key(key->rsa, rsa_n, rsa_e, NULL)) {
2396 			ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
2397 			goto out;
2398 		}
2399 		rsa_n = rsa_e = NULL; /* transferred */
2400 		if ((ret = sshkey_check_rsa_length(key, 0)) != 0)
2401 			goto out;
2402 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2403 		RSA_print_fp(stderr, key->rsa, 8);
2404 #endif
2405 		break;
2406 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
2407 		/* Skip nonce */
2408 		if (sshbuf_get_string_direct(b, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
2409 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2410 			goto out;
2411 		}
2412 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
2413 	case KEY_DSA:
2414 		if ((key = sshkey_new(type)) == NULL) {
2415 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2416 			goto out;
2417 		}
2418 		if (sshbuf_get_bignum2(b, &dsa_p) != 0 ||
2419 		    sshbuf_get_bignum2(b, &dsa_q) != 0 ||
2420 		    sshbuf_get_bignum2(b, &dsa_g) != 0 ||
2421 		    sshbuf_get_bignum2(b, &dsa_pub_key) != 0) {
2422 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2423 			goto out;
2424 		}
2425 		if (!DSA_set0_pqg(key->dsa, dsa_p, dsa_q, dsa_g)) {
2426 			ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
2427 			goto out;
2428 		}
2429 		dsa_p = dsa_q = dsa_g = NULL; /* transferred */
2430 		if (!DSA_set0_key(key->dsa, dsa_pub_key, NULL)) {
2431 			ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
2432 			goto out;
2433 		}
2434 		dsa_pub_key = NULL; /* transferred */
2435 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2436 		DSA_print_fp(stderr, key->dsa, 8);
2437 #endif
2438 		break;
2439 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
2440 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
2441 		/* Skip nonce */
2442 		if (sshbuf_get_string_direct(b, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
2443 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2444 			goto out;
2445 		}
2446 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
2447 	case KEY_ECDSA:
2448 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
2449 		if ((key = sshkey_new(type)) == NULL) {
2450 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2451 			goto out;
2452 		}
2453 		key->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(ktype);
2454 		if (sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &curve, NULL) != 0) {
2455 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2456 			goto out;
2457 		}
2458 		if (key->ecdsa_nid != sshkey_curve_name_to_nid(curve)) {
2459 			ret = SSH_ERR_EC_CURVE_MISMATCH;
2460 			goto out;
2461 		}
2462 		EC_KEY_free(key->ecdsa);
2463 		if ((key->ecdsa = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(key->ecdsa_nid))
2464 		    == NULL) {
2465 			ret = SSH_ERR_EC_CURVE_INVALID;
2466 			goto out;
2467 		}
2468 		if ((q = EC_POINT_new(EC_KEY_get0_group(key->ecdsa))) == NULL) {
2469 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2470 			goto out;
2471 		}
2472 		if (sshbuf_get_ec(b, q, EC_KEY_get0_group(key->ecdsa)) != 0) {
2473 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2474 			goto out;
2475 		}
2476 		if (sshkey_ec_validate_public(EC_KEY_get0_group(key->ecdsa),
2477 		    q) != 0) {
2478 			ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_INVALID_EC_VALUE;
2479 			goto out;
2480 		}
2481 		if (EC_KEY_set_public_key(key->ecdsa, q) != 1) {
2482 			/* XXX assume it is a allocation error */
2483 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2484 			goto out;
2485 		}
2486 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2487 		sshkey_dump_ec_point(EC_KEY_get0_group(key->ecdsa), q);
2488 #endif
2489 		if (type == KEY_ECDSA_SK || type == KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT) {
2490 			/* Parse additional security-key application string */
2491 			if (sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &key->sk_application,
2492 			    NULL) != 0) {
2493 				ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2494 				goto out;
2495 			}
2496 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2497 			fprintf(stderr, "App: %s\n", key->sk_application);
2498 #endif
2499 		}
2500 		break;
2501 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2502 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
2503 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
2504 		/* Skip nonce */
2505 		if (sshbuf_get_string_direct(b, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
2506 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2507 			goto out;
2508 		}
2509 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
2510 	case KEY_ED25519:
2511 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
2512 		if ((ret = sshbuf_get_string(b, &pk, &len)) != 0)
2513 			goto out;
2514 		if (len != ED25519_PK_SZ) {
2515 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2516 			goto out;
2517 		}
2518 		if ((key = sshkey_new(type)) == NULL) {
2519 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2520 			goto out;
2521 		}
2522 		if (type == KEY_ED25519_SK || type == KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT) {
2523 			/* Parse additional security-key application string */
2524 			if (sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &key->sk_application,
2525 			    NULL) != 0) {
2526 				ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2527 				goto out;
2528 			}
2529 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2530 			fprintf(stderr, "App: %s\n", key->sk_application);
2531 #endif
2532 		}
2533 		key->ed25519_pk = pk;
2534 		pk = NULL;
2535 		break;
2536 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
2537 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
2538 		/* Skip nonce */
2539 		if (sshbuf_get_string_direct(b, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
2540 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2541 			goto out;
2542 		}
2543 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
2544 	case KEY_XMSS:
2545 		if ((ret = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &xmss_name, NULL)) != 0)
2546 			goto out;
2547 		if ((key = sshkey_new(type)) == NULL) {
2548 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2549 			goto out;
2550 		}
2551 		if ((ret = sshkey_xmss_init(key, xmss_name)) != 0)
2552 			goto out;
2553 		if ((ret = sshbuf_get_string(b, &pk, &len)) != 0)
2554 			goto out;
2555 		if (len == 0 || len != sshkey_xmss_pklen(key)) {
2556 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2557 			goto out;
2558 		}
2559 		key->xmss_pk = pk;
2560 		pk = NULL;
2561 		if (type != KEY_XMSS_CERT &&
2562 		    (ret = sshkey_xmss_deserialize_pk_info(key, b)) != 0)
2563 			goto out;
2564 		break;
2565 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
2566 	case KEY_UNSPEC:
2567 	default:
2568 		ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
2569 		goto out;
2570 	}
2571 
2572 	/* Parse certificate potion */
2573 	if (sshkey_is_cert(key) && (ret = cert_parse(b, key, copy)) != 0)
2574 		goto out;
2575 
2576 	if (key != NULL && sshbuf_len(b) != 0) {
2577 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2578 		goto out;
2579 	}
2580 	ret = 0;
2581 	if (keyp != NULL) {
2582 		*keyp = key;
2583 		key = NULL;
2584 	}
2585  out:
2586 	sshbuf_free(copy);
2587 	sshkey_free(key);
2588 	free(xmss_name);
2589 	free(ktype);
2590 	free(curve);
2591 	free(pk);
2592 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2593 	EC_POINT_free(q);
2594 	BN_clear_free(rsa_n);
2595 	BN_clear_free(rsa_e);
2596 	BN_clear_free(dsa_p);
2597 	BN_clear_free(dsa_q);
2598 	BN_clear_free(dsa_g);
2599 	BN_clear_free(dsa_pub_key);
2600 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2601 	return ret;
2602 }
2603 
2604 int
2605 sshkey_from_blob(const u_char *blob, size_t blen, struct sshkey **keyp)
2606 {
2607 	struct sshbuf *b;
2608 	int r;
2609 
2610 	if ((b = sshbuf_from(blob, blen)) == NULL)
2611 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2612 	r = sshkey_from_blob_internal(b, keyp, 1);
2613 	sshbuf_free(b);
2614 	return r;
2615 }
2616 
2617 int
2618 sshkey_fromb(struct sshbuf *b, struct sshkey **keyp)
2619 {
2620 	return sshkey_from_blob_internal(b, keyp, 1);
2621 }
2622 
2623 int
2624 sshkey_froms(struct sshbuf *buf, struct sshkey **keyp)
2625 {
2626 	struct sshbuf *b;
2627 	int r;
2628 
2629 	if ((r = sshbuf_froms(buf, &b)) != 0)
2630 		return r;
2631 	r = sshkey_from_blob_internal(b, keyp, 1);
2632 	sshbuf_free(b);
2633 	return r;
2634 }
2635 
2636 int
2637 sshkey_get_sigtype(const u_char *sig, size_t siglen, char **sigtypep)
2638 {
2639 	int r;
2640 	struct sshbuf *b = NULL;
2641 	char *sigtype = NULL;
2642 
2643 	if (sigtypep != NULL)
2644 		*sigtypep = NULL;
2645 	if ((b = sshbuf_from(sig, siglen)) == NULL)
2646 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2647 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &sigtype, NULL)) != 0)
2648 		goto out;
2649 	/* success */
2650 	if (sigtypep != NULL) {
2651 		*sigtypep = sigtype;
2652 		sigtype = NULL;
2653 	}
2654 	r = 0;
2655  out:
2656 	free(sigtype);
2657 	sshbuf_free(b);
2658 	return r;
2659 }
2660 
2661 /*
2662  *
2663  * Checks whether a certificate's signature type is allowed.
2664  * Returns 0 (success) if the certificate signature type appears in the
2665  * "allowed" pattern-list, or the key is not a certificate to begin with.
2666  * Otherwise returns a ssherr.h code.
2667  */
2668 int
2669 sshkey_check_cert_sigtype(const struct sshkey *key, const char *allowed)
2670 {
2671 	if (key == NULL || allowed == NULL)
2672 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2673 	if (!sshkey_type_is_cert(key->type))
2674 		return 0;
2675 	if (key->cert == NULL || key->cert->signature_type == NULL)
2676 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2677 	if (match_pattern_list(key->cert->signature_type, allowed, 0) != 1)
2678 		return SSH_ERR_SIGN_ALG_UNSUPPORTED;
2679 	return 0;
2680 }
2681 
2682 /*
2683  * Returns the expected signature algorithm for a given public key algorithm.
2684  */
2685 const char *
2686 sshkey_sigalg_by_name(const char *name)
2687 {
2688 	const struct keytype *kt;
2689 
2690 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
2691 		if (strcmp(kt->name, name) != 0)
2692 			continue;
2693 		if (kt->sigalg != NULL)
2694 			return kt->sigalg;
2695 		if (!kt->cert)
2696 			return kt->name;
2697 		return sshkey_ssh_name_from_type_nid(
2698 		    sshkey_type_plain(kt->type), kt->nid);
2699 	}
2700 	return NULL;
2701 }
2702 
2703 /*
2704  * Verifies that the signature algorithm appearing inside the signature blob
2705  * matches that which was requested.
2706  */
2707 int
2708 sshkey_check_sigtype(const u_char *sig, size_t siglen,
2709     const char *requested_alg)
2710 {
2711 	const char *expected_alg;
2712 	char *sigtype = NULL;
2713 	int r;
2714 
2715 	if (requested_alg == NULL)
2716 		return 0;
2717 	if ((expected_alg = sshkey_sigalg_by_name(requested_alg)) == NULL)
2718 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2719 	if ((r = sshkey_get_sigtype(sig, siglen, &sigtype)) != 0)
2720 		return r;
2721 	r = strcmp(expected_alg, sigtype) == 0;
2722 	free(sigtype);
2723 	return r ? 0 : SSH_ERR_SIGN_ALG_UNSUPPORTED;
2724 }
2725 
2726 int
2727 sshkey_sign(struct sshkey *key,
2728     u_char **sigp, size_t *lenp,
2729     const u_char *data, size_t datalen,
2730     const char *alg, const char *sk_provider, const char *sk_pin, u_int compat)
2731 {
2732 	int was_shielded = sshkey_is_shielded(key);
2733 	int r2, r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
2734 
2735 	if (sigp != NULL)
2736 		*sigp = NULL;
2737 	if (lenp != NULL)
2738 		*lenp = 0;
2739 	if (datalen > SSH_KEY_MAX_SIGN_DATA_SIZE)
2740 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2741 	if ((r = sshkey_unshield_private(key)) != 0)
2742 		return r;
2743 	switch (key->type) {
2744 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2745 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
2746 	case KEY_DSA:
2747 		r = ssh_dss_sign(key, sigp, lenp, data, datalen, compat);
2748 		break;
2749 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
2750 	case KEY_ECDSA:
2751 		r = ssh_ecdsa_sign(key, sigp, lenp, data, datalen, compat);
2752 		break;
2753 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
2754 	case KEY_RSA:
2755 		r = ssh_rsa_sign(key, sigp, lenp, data, datalen, alg);
2756 		break;
2757 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2758 	case KEY_ED25519:
2759 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
2760 		r = ssh_ed25519_sign(key, sigp, lenp, data, datalen, compat);
2761 		break;
2762 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
2763 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
2764 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
2765 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
2766 		r = sshsk_sign(sk_provider, key, sigp, lenp, data,
2767 		    datalen, compat, sk_pin);
2768 		break;
2769 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
2770 	case KEY_XMSS:
2771 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
2772 		r = ssh_xmss_sign(key, sigp, lenp, data, datalen, compat);
2773 		break;
2774 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
2775 	default:
2776 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
2777 		break;
2778 	}
2779 	if (was_shielded && (r2 = sshkey_shield_private(key)) != 0)
2780 		return r2;
2781 	return r;
2782 }
2783 
2784 /*
2785  * ssh_key_verify returns 0 for a correct signature  and < 0 on error.
2786  * If "alg" specified, then the signature must use that algorithm.
2787  */
2788 int
2789 sshkey_verify(const struct sshkey *key,
2790     const u_char *sig, size_t siglen,
2791     const u_char *data, size_t dlen, const char *alg, u_int compat,
2792     struct sshkey_sig_details **detailsp)
2793 {
2794 	if (detailsp != NULL)
2795 		*detailsp = NULL;
2796 	if (siglen == 0 || dlen > SSH_KEY_MAX_SIGN_DATA_SIZE)
2797 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2798 	switch (key->type) {
2799 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2800 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
2801 	case KEY_DSA:
2802 		return ssh_dss_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen, compat);
2803 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
2804 	case KEY_ECDSA:
2805 		return ssh_ecdsa_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen, compat);
2806 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
2807 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
2808 		return ssh_ecdsa_sk_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen,
2809 		    compat, detailsp);
2810 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
2811 	case KEY_RSA:
2812 		return ssh_rsa_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen, alg);
2813 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2814 	case KEY_ED25519:
2815 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
2816 		return ssh_ed25519_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen, compat);
2817 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
2818 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
2819 		return ssh_ed25519_sk_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen,
2820 		    compat, detailsp);
2821 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
2822 	case KEY_XMSS:
2823 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
2824 		return ssh_xmss_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen, compat);
2825 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
2826 	default:
2827 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
2828 	}
2829 }
2830 
2831 /* Convert a plain key to their _CERT equivalent */
2832 int
2833 sshkey_to_certified(struct sshkey *k)
2834 {
2835 	int newtype;
2836 
2837 	switch (k->type) {
2838 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2839 	case KEY_RSA:
2840 		newtype = KEY_RSA_CERT;
2841 		break;
2842 	case KEY_DSA:
2843 		newtype = KEY_DSA_CERT;
2844 		break;
2845 	case KEY_ECDSA:
2846 		newtype = KEY_ECDSA_CERT;
2847 		break;
2848 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
2849 		newtype = KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT;
2850 		break;
2851 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2852 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
2853 		newtype = KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT;
2854 		break;
2855 	case KEY_ED25519:
2856 		newtype = KEY_ED25519_CERT;
2857 		break;
2858 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
2859 	case KEY_XMSS:
2860 		newtype = KEY_XMSS_CERT;
2861 		break;
2862 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
2863 	default:
2864 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2865 	}
2866 	if ((k->cert = cert_new()) == NULL)
2867 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2868 	k->type = newtype;
2869 	return 0;
2870 }
2871 
2872 /* Convert a certificate to its raw key equivalent */
2873 int
2874 sshkey_drop_cert(struct sshkey *k)
2875 {
2876 	if (!sshkey_type_is_cert(k->type))
2877 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
2878 	cert_free(k->cert);
2879 	k->cert = NULL;
2880 	k->type = sshkey_type_plain(k->type);
2881 	return 0;
2882 }
2883 
2884 /* Sign a certified key, (re-)generating the signed certblob. */
2885 int
2886 sshkey_certify_custom(struct sshkey *k, struct sshkey *ca, const char *alg,
2887     const char *sk_provider, const char *sk_pin,
2888     sshkey_certify_signer *signer, void *signer_ctx)
2889 {
2890 	struct sshbuf *principals = NULL;
2891 	u_char *ca_blob = NULL, *sig_blob = NULL, nonce[32];
2892 	size_t i, ca_len, sig_len;
2893 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
2894 	struct sshbuf *cert = NULL;
2895 	char *sigtype = NULL;
2896 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2897 	const BIGNUM *rsa_n, *rsa_e, *dsa_p, *dsa_q, *dsa_g, *dsa_pub_key;
2898 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2899 
2900 	if (k == NULL || k->cert == NULL ||
2901 	    k->cert->certblob == NULL || ca == NULL)
2902 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2903 	if (!sshkey_is_cert(k))
2904 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
2905 	if (!sshkey_type_is_valid_ca(ca->type))
2906 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID_SIGN_KEY;
2907 
2908 	/*
2909 	 * If no alg specified as argument but a signature_type was set,
2910 	 * then prefer that. If both were specified, then they must match.
2911 	 */
2912 	if (alg == NULL)
2913 		alg = k->cert->signature_type;
2914 	else if (k->cert->signature_type != NULL &&
2915 	    strcmp(alg, k->cert->signature_type) != 0)
2916 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2917 
2918 	/*
2919 	 * If no signing algorithm or signature_type was specified and we're
2920 	 * using a RSA key, then default to a good signature algorithm.
2921 	 */
2922 	if (alg == NULL && ca->type == KEY_RSA)
2923 		alg = "rsa-sha2-512";
2924 
2925 	if ((ret = sshkey_to_blob(ca, &ca_blob, &ca_len)) != 0)
2926 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID_SIGN_KEY;
2927 
2928 	cert = k->cert->certblob; /* for readability */
2929 	sshbuf_reset(cert);
2930 	if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(cert, sshkey_ssh_name(k))) != 0)
2931 		goto out;
2932 
2933 	/* -v01 certs put nonce first */
2934 	arc4random_buf(&nonce, sizeof(nonce));
2935 	if ((ret = sshbuf_put_string(cert, nonce, sizeof(nonce))) != 0)
2936 		goto out;
2937 
2938 	/* XXX this substantially duplicates to_blob(); refactor */
2939 	switch (k->type) {
2940 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2941 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
2942 		DSA_get0_pqg(k->dsa, &dsa_p, &dsa_q, &dsa_g);
2943 		DSA_get0_key(k->dsa, &dsa_pub_key, NULL);
2944 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(cert, dsa_p)) != 0 ||
2945 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(cert, dsa_q)) != 0 ||
2946 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(cert, dsa_g)) != 0 ||
2947 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(cert, dsa_pub_key)) != 0)
2948 			goto out;
2949 		break;
2950 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
2951 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
2952 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(cert,
2953 		    sshkey_curve_nid_to_name(k->ecdsa_nid))) != 0 ||
2954 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_ec(cert,
2955 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(k->ecdsa),
2956 		    EC_KEY_get0_group(k->ecdsa))) != 0)
2957 			goto out;
2958 		if (k->type == KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT) {
2959 			if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(cert,
2960 			    k->sk_application)) != 0)
2961 				goto out;
2962 		}
2963 		break;
2964 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
2965 		RSA_get0_key(k->rsa, &rsa_n, &rsa_e, NULL);
2966 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(cert, rsa_e)) != 0 ||
2967 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(cert, rsa_n)) != 0)
2968 			goto out;
2969 		break;
2970 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2971 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
2972 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
2973 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_string(cert,
2974 		    k->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ)) != 0)
2975 			goto out;
2976 		if (k->type == KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT) {
2977 			if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(cert,
2978 			    k->sk_application)) != 0)
2979 				goto out;
2980 		}
2981 		break;
2982 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
2983 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
2984 		if (k->xmss_name == NULL) {
2985 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2986 			goto out;
2987 		}
2988 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(cert, k->xmss_name)) ||
2989 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_string(cert,
2990 		    k->xmss_pk, sshkey_xmss_pklen(k))) != 0)
2991 			goto out;
2992 		break;
2993 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
2994 	default:
2995 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2996 		goto out;
2997 	}
2998 
2999 	if ((ret = sshbuf_put_u64(cert, k->cert->serial)) != 0 ||
3000 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_u32(cert, k->cert->type)) != 0 ||
3001 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(cert, k->cert->key_id)) != 0)
3002 		goto out;
3003 
3004 	if ((principals = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
3005 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3006 		goto out;
3007 	}
3008 	for (i = 0; i < k->cert->nprincipals; i++) {
3009 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(principals,
3010 		    k->cert->principals[i])) != 0)
3011 			goto out;
3012 	}
3013 	if ((ret = sshbuf_put_stringb(cert, principals)) != 0 ||
3014 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_u64(cert, k->cert->valid_after)) != 0 ||
3015 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_u64(cert, k->cert->valid_before)) != 0 ||
3016 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_stringb(cert, k->cert->critical)) != 0 ||
3017 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_stringb(cert, k->cert->extensions)) != 0 ||
3018 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_string(cert, NULL, 0)) != 0 || /* Reserved */
3019 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_string(cert, ca_blob, ca_len)) != 0)
3020 		goto out;
3021 
3022 	/* Sign the whole mess */
3023 	if ((ret = signer(ca, &sig_blob, &sig_len, sshbuf_ptr(cert),
3024 	    sshbuf_len(cert), alg, sk_provider, sk_pin, 0, signer_ctx)) != 0)
3025 		goto out;
3026 	/* Check and update signature_type against what was actually used */
3027 	if ((ret = sshkey_get_sigtype(sig_blob, sig_len, &sigtype)) != 0)
3028 		goto out;
3029 	if (alg != NULL && strcmp(alg, sigtype) != 0) {
3030 		ret = SSH_ERR_SIGN_ALG_UNSUPPORTED;
3031 		goto out;
3032 	}
3033 	if (k->cert->signature_type == NULL) {
3034 		k->cert->signature_type = sigtype;
3035 		sigtype = NULL;
3036 	}
3037 	/* Append signature and we are done */
3038 	if ((ret = sshbuf_put_string(cert, sig_blob, sig_len)) != 0)
3039 		goto out;
3040 	ret = 0;
3041  out:
3042 	if (ret != 0)
3043 		sshbuf_reset(cert);
3044 	free(sig_blob);
3045 	free(ca_blob);
3046 	free(sigtype);
3047 	sshbuf_free(principals);
3048 	return ret;
3049 }
3050 
3051 static int
3052 default_key_sign(struct sshkey *key, u_char **sigp, size_t *lenp,
3053     const u_char *data, size_t datalen,
3054     const char *alg, const char *sk_provider, const char *sk_pin,
3055     u_int compat, void *ctx)
3056 {
3057 	if (ctx != NULL)
3058 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3059 	return sshkey_sign(key, sigp, lenp, data, datalen, alg,
3060 	    sk_provider, sk_pin, compat);
3061 }
3062 
3063 int
3064 sshkey_certify(struct sshkey *k, struct sshkey *ca, const char *alg,
3065     const char *sk_provider, const char *sk_pin)
3066 {
3067 	return sshkey_certify_custom(k, ca, alg, sk_provider, sk_pin,
3068 	    default_key_sign, NULL);
3069 }
3070 
3071 int
3072 sshkey_cert_check_authority(const struct sshkey *k,
3073     int want_host, int require_principal, int wildcard_pattern,
3074     uint64_t verify_time, const char *name, const char **reason)
3075 {
3076 	u_int i, principal_matches;
3077 
3078 	if (reason == NULL)
3079 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3080 	if (!sshkey_is_cert(k)) {
3081 		*reason = "Key is not a certificate";
3082 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3083 	}
3084 	if (want_host) {
3085 		if (k->cert->type != SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST) {
3086 			*reason = "Certificate invalid: not a host certificate";
3087 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3088 		}
3089 	} else {
3090 		if (k->cert->type != SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER) {
3091 			*reason = "Certificate invalid: not a user certificate";
3092 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3093 		}
3094 	}
3095 	if (verify_time < k->cert->valid_after) {
3096 		*reason = "Certificate invalid: not yet valid";
3097 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3098 	}
3099 	if (verify_time >= k->cert->valid_before) {
3100 		*reason = "Certificate invalid: expired";
3101 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3102 	}
3103 	if (k->cert->nprincipals == 0) {
3104 		if (require_principal) {
3105 			*reason = "Certificate lacks principal list";
3106 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3107 		}
3108 	} else if (name != NULL) {
3109 		principal_matches = 0;
3110 		for (i = 0; i < k->cert->nprincipals; i++) {
3111 			if (wildcard_pattern) {
3112 				if (match_pattern(k->cert->principals[i],
3113 				    name)) {
3114 					principal_matches = 1;
3115 					break;
3116 				}
3117 			} else if (strcmp(name, k->cert->principals[i]) == 0) {
3118 				principal_matches = 1;
3119 				break;
3120 			}
3121 		}
3122 		if (!principal_matches) {
3123 			*reason = "Certificate invalid: name is not a listed "
3124 			    "principal";
3125 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3126 		}
3127 	}
3128 	return 0;
3129 }
3130 
3131 int
3132 sshkey_cert_check_authority_now(const struct sshkey *k,
3133     int want_host, int require_principal, int wildcard_pattern,
3134     const char *name, const char **reason)
3135 {
3136 	time_t now;
3137 
3138 	if ((now = time(NULL)) < 0) {
3139 		/* yikes - system clock before epoch! */
3140 		*reason = "Certificate invalid: not yet valid";
3141 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3142 	}
3143 	return sshkey_cert_check_authority(k, want_host, require_principal,
3144 	    wildcard_pattern, (uint64_t)now, name, reason);
3145 }
3146 
3147 int
3148 sshkey_cert_check_host(const struct sshkey *key, const char *host,
3149     int wildcard_principals, const char *ca_sign_algorithms,
3150     const char **reason)
3151 {
3152 	int r;
3153 
3154 	if ((r = sshkey_cert_check_authority_now(key, 1, 0, wildcard_principals,
3155 	    host, reason)) != 0)
3156 		return r;
3157 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) != 0) {
3158 		*reason = "Certificate contains unsupported critical options";
3159 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3160 	}
3161 	if (ca_sign_algorithms != NULL &&
3162 	    (r = sshkey_check_cert_sigtype(key, ca_sign_algorithms)) != 0) {
3163 		*reason = "Certificate signed with disallowed algorithm";
3164 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3165 	}
3166 	return 0;
3167 }
3168 
3169 size_t
3170 sshkey_format_cert_validity(const struct sshkey_cert *cert, char *s, size_t l)
3171 {
3172 	char from[32], to[32], ret[128];
3173 
3174 	*from = *to = '\0';
3175 	if (cert->valid_after == 0 &&
3176 	    cert->valid_before == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
3177 		return strlcpy(s, "forever", l);
3178 
3179 	if (cert->valid_after != 0)
3180 		format_absolute_time(cert->valid_after, from, sizeof(from));
3181 	if (cert->valid_before != 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
3182 		format_absolute_time(cert->valid_before, to, sizeof(to));
3183 
3184 	if (cert->valid_after == 0)
3185 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
3186 	else if (cert->valid_before == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
3187 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
3188 	else
3189 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
3190 
3191 	return strlcpy(s, ret, l);
3192 }
3193 
3194 int
3195 sshkey_private_serialize_opt(struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *buf,
3196     enum sshkey_serialize_rep opts)
3197 {
3198 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
3199 	int was_shielded = sshkey_is_shielded(key);
3200 	struct sshbuf *b = NULL;
3201 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3202 	const BIGNUM *rsa_n, *rsa_e, *rsa_d, *rsa_iqmp, *rsa_p, *rsa_q;
3203 	const BIGNUM *dsa_p, *dsa_q, *dsa_g, *dsa_pub_key, *dsa_priv_key;
3204 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3205 
3206 	if ((r = sshkey_unshield_private(key)) != 0)
3207 		return r;
3208 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
3209 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3210 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, sshkey_ssh_name(key))) != 0)
3211 		goto out;
3212 	switch (key->type) {
3213 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3214 	case KEY_RSA:
3215 		RSA_get0_key(key->rsa, &rsa_n, &rsa_e, &rsa_d);
3216 		RSA_get0_factors(key->rsa, &rsa_p, &rsa_q);
3217 		RSA_get0_crt_params(key->rsa, NULL, NULL, &rsa_iqmp);
3218 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_n)) != 0 ||
3219 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_e)) != 0 ||
3220 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_d)) != 0 ||
3221 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_iqmp)) != 0 ||
3222 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_p)) != 0 ||
3223 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_q)) != 0)
3224 			goto out;
3225 		break;
3226 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
3227 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0) {
3228 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3229 			goto out;
3230 		}
3231 		RSA_get0_key(key->rsa, NULL, NULL, &rsa_d);
3232 		RSA_get0_factors(key->rsa, &rsa_p, &rsa_q);
3233 		RSA_get0_crt_params(key->rsa, NULL, NULL, &rsa_iqmp);
3234 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3235 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_d)) != 0 ||
3236 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_iqmp)) != 0 ||
3237 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_p)) != 0 ||
3238 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_q)) != 0)
3239 			goto out;
3240 		break;
3241 	case KEY_DSA:
3242 		DSA_get0_pqg(key->dsa, &dsa_p, &dsa_q, &dsa_g);
3243 		DSA_get0_key(key->dsa, &dsa_pub_key, &dsa_priv_key);
3244 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_p)) != 0 ||
3245 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_q)) != 0 ||
3246 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_g)) != 0 ||
3247 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_pub_key)) != 0 ||
3248 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_priv_key)) != 0)
3249 			goto out;
3250 		break;
3251 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
3252 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0) {
3253 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3254 			goto out;
3255 		}
3256 		DSA_get0_key(key->dsa, NULL, &dsa_priv_key);
3257 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3258 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_priv_key)) != 0)
3259 			goto out;
3260 		break;
3261 	case KEY_ECDSA:
3262 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b,
3263 		    sshkey_curve_nid_to_name(key->ecdsa_nid))) != 0 ||
3264 		    (r = sshbuf_put_eckey(b, key->ecdsa)) != 0 ||
3265 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b,
3266 		    EC_KEY_get0_private_key(key->ecdsa))) != 0)
3267 			goto out;
3268 		break;
3269 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
3270 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0) {
3271 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3272 			goto out;
3273 		}
3274 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3275 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b,
3276 		    EC_KEY_get0_private_key(key->ecdsa))) != 0)
3277 			goto out;
3278 		break;
3279 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
3280 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b,
3281 		    sshkey_curve_nid_to_name(key->ecdsa_nid))) != 0 ||
3282 		    (r = sshbuf_put_eckey(b, key->ecdsa)) != 0 ||
3283 		    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->sk_application)) != 0 ||
3284 		    (r = sshbuf_put_u8(b, key->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3285 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3286 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3287 			goto out;
3288 		break;
3289 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
3290 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0) {
3291 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3292 			goto out;
3293 		}
3294 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3295 		    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->sk_application)) != 0 ||
3296 		    (r = sshbuf_put_u8(b, key->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3297 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3298 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3299 			goto out;
3300 		break;
3301 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3302 	case KEY_ED25519:
3303 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->ed25519_pk,
3304 		    ED25519_PK_SZ)) != 0 ||
3305 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->ed25519_sk,
3306 		    ED25519_SK_SZ)) != 0)
3307 			goto out;
3308 		break;
3309 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
3310 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0) {
3311 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3312 			goto out;
3313 		}
3314 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3315 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->ed25519_pk,
3316 		    ED25519_PK_SZ)) != 0 ||
3317 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->ed25519_sk,
3318 		    ED25519_SK_SZ)) != 0)
3319 			goto out;
3320 		break;
3321 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
3322 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->ed25519_pk,
3323 		    ED25519_PK_SZ)) != 0 ||
3324 		    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->sk_application)) != 0 ||
3325 		    (r = sshbuf_put_u8(b, key->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3326 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3327 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3328 			goto out;
3329 		break;
3330 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
3331 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0) {
3332 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3333 			goto out;
3334 		}
3335 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3336 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->ed25519_pk,
3337 		    ED25519_PK_SZ)) != 0 ||
3338 		    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->sk_application)) != 0 ||
3339 		    (r = sshbuf_put_u8(b, key->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3340 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3341 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3342 			goto out;
3343 		break;
3344 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
3345 	case KEY_XMSS:
3346 		if (key->xmss_name == NULL) {
3347 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3348 			goto out;
3349 		}
3350 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->xmss_name)) != 0 ||
3351 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->xmss_pk,
3352 		    sshkey_xmss_pklen(key))) != 0 ||
3353 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->xmss_sk,
3354 		    sshkey_xmss_sklen(key))) != 0 ||
3355 		    (r = sshkey_xmss_serialize_state_opt(key, b, opts)) != 0)
3356 			goto out;
3357 		break;
3358 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
3359 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0 ||
3360 		    key->xmss_name == NULL) {
3361 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3362 			goto out;
3363 		}
3364 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3365 		    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->xmss_name)) != 0 ||
3366 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->xmss_pk,
3367 		    sshkey_xmss_pklen(key))) != 0 ||
3368 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->xmss_sk,
3369 		    sshkey_xmss_sklen(key))) != 0 ||
3370 		    (r = sshkey_xmss_serialize_state_opt(key, b, opts)) != 0)
3371 			goto out;
3372 		break;
3373 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
3374 	default:
3375 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3376 		goto out;
3377 	}
3378 	/*
3379 	 * success (but we still need to append the output to buf after
3380 	 * possibly re-shielding the private key)
3381 	 */
3382 	r = 0;
3383  out:
3384 	if (was_shielded)
3385 		r = sshkey_shield_private(key);
3386 	if (r == 0)
3387 		r = sshbuf_putb(buf, b);
3388 	sshbuf_free(b);
3389 
3390 	return r;
3391 }
3392 
3393 int
3394 sshkey_private_serialize(struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b)
3395 {
3396 	return sshkey_private_serialize_opt(key, b,
3397 	    SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
3398 }
3399 
3400 int
3401 sshkey_private_deserialize(struct sshbuf *buf, struct sshkey **kp)
3402 {
3403 	char *tname = NULL, *curve = NULL, *xmss_name = NULL;
3404 	char *expect_sk_application = NULL;
3405 	struct sshkey *k = NULL;
3406 	size_t pklen = 0, sklen = 0;
3407 	int type, r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
3408 	u_char *ed25519_pk = NULL, *ed25519_sk = NULL;
3409 	u_char *expect_ed25519_pk = NULL;
3410 	u_char *xmss_pk = NULL, *xmss_sk = NULL;
3411 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3412 	BIGNUM *exponent = NULL;
3413 	BIGNUM *rsa_n = NULL, *rsa_e = NULL, *rsa_d = NULL;
3414 	BIGNUM *rsa_iqmp = NULL, *rsa_p = NULL, *rsa_q = NULL;
3415 	BIGNUM *dsa_p = NULL, *dsa_q = NULL, *dsa_g = NULL;
3416 	BIGNUM *dsa_pub_key = NULL, *dsa_priv_key = NULL;
3417 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3418 
3419 	if (kp != NULL)
3420 		*kp = NULL;
3421 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &tname, NULL)) != 0)
3422 		goto out;
3423 	type = sshkey_type_from_name(tname);
3424 	if (sshkey_type_is_cert(type)) {
3425 		/*
3426 		 * Certificate key private keys begin with the certificate
3427 		 * itself. Make sure this matches the type of the enclosing
3428 		 * private key.
3429 		 */
3430 		if ((r = sshkey_froms(buf, &k)) != 0)
3431 			goto out;
3432 		if (k->type != type) {
3433 			r = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_MISMATCH;
3434 			goto out;
3435 		}
3436 		/* For ECDSA keys, the group must match too */
3437 		if (k->type == KEY_ECDSA &&
3438 		    k->ecdsa_nid != sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(tname)) {
3439 			r = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_MISMATCH;
3440 			goto out;
3441 		}
3442 		/*
3443 		 * Several fields are redundant between certificate and
3444 		 * private key body, we require these to match.
3445 		 */
3446 		expect_sk_application = k->sk_application;
3447 		expect_ed25519_pk = k->ed25519_pk;
3448 		k->sk_application = NULL;
3449 		k->ed25519_pk = NULL;
3450 	} else {
3451 		if ((k = sshkey_new(type)) == NULL) {
3452 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3453 			goto out;
3454 		}
3455 	}
3456 	switch (type) {
3457 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3458 	case KEY_DSA:
3459 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &dsa_p)) != 0 ||
3460 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &dsa_q)) != 0 ||
3461 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &dsa_g)) != 0 ||
3462 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &dsa_pub_key)) != 0)
3463 			goto out;
3464 		if (!DSA_set0_pqg(k->dsa, dsa_p, dsa_q, dsa_g)) {
3465 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3466 			goto out;
3467 		}
3468 		dsa_p = dsa_q = dsa_g = NULL; /* transferred */
3469 		if (!DSA_set0_key(k->dsa, dsa_pub_key, NULL)) {
3470 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3471 			goto out;
3472 		}
3473 		dsa_pub_key = NULL; /* transferred */
3474 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
3475 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
3476 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &dsa_priv_key)) != 0)
3477 			goto out;
3478 		if (!DSA_set0_key(k->dsa, NULL, dsa_priv_key)) {
3479 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3480 			goto out;
3481 		}
3482 		dsa_priv_key = NULL; /* transferred */
3483 		break;
3484 	case KEY_ECDSA:
3485 		if ((k->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(tname)) == -1) {
3486 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3487 			goto out;
3488 		}
3489 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &curve, NULL)) != 0)
3490 			goto out;
3491 		if (k->ecdsa_nid != sshkey_curve_name_to_nid(curve)) {
3492 			r = SSH_ERR_EC_CURVE_MISMATCH;
3493 			goto out;
3494 		}
3495 		k->ecdsa = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(k->ecdsa_nid);
3496 		if (k->ecdsa  == NULL) {
3497 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3498 			goto out;
3499 		}
3500 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_eckey(buf, k->ecdsa)) != 0)
3501 			goto out;
3502 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
3503 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
3504 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &exponent)) != 0)
3505 			goto out;
3506 		if (EC_KEY_set_private_key(k->ecdsa, exponent) != 1) {
3507 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3508 			goto out;
3509 		}
3510 		if ((r = sshkey_ec_validate_public(EC_KEY_get0_group(k->ecdsa),
3511 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(k->ecdsa))) != 0 ||
3512 		    (r = sshkey_ec_validate_private(k->ecdsa)) != 0)
3513 			goto out;
3514 		break;
3515 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
3516 		if ((k->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(tname)) == -1) {
3517 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3518 			goto out;
3519 		}
3520 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &curve, NULL)) != 0)
3521 			goto out;
3522 		if (k->ecdsa_nid != sshkey_curve_name_to_nid(curve)) {
3523 			r = SSH_ERR_EC_CURVE_MISMATCH;
3524 			goto out;
3525 		}
3526 		if ((k->sk_key_handle = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
3527 		    (k->sk_reserved = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
3528 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3529 			goto out;
3530 		}
3531 		k->ecdsa = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(k->ecdsa_nid);
3532 		if (k->ecdsa  == NULL) {
3533 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3534 			goto out;
3535 		}
3536 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_eckey(buf, k->ecdsa)) != 0 ||
3537 		    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &k->sk_application,
3538 		    NULL)) != 0 ||
3539 		    (r = sshbuf_get_u8(buf, &k->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3540 		    (r = sshbuf_get_stringb(buf, k->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3541 		    (r = sshbuf_get_stringb(buf, k->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3542 			goto out;
3543 		if ((r = sshkey_ec_validate_public(EC_KEY_get0_group(k->ecdsa),
3544 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(k->ecdsa))) != 0)
3545 			goto out;
3546 		break;
3547 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
3548 		if ((k->sk_key_handle = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
3549 		    (k->sk_reserved = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
3550 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3551 			goto out;
3552 		}
3553 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &k->sk_application,
3554 		    NULL)) != 0 ||
3555 		    (r = sshbuf_get_u8(buf, &k->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3556 		    (r = sshbuf_get_stringb(buf, k->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3557 		    (r = sshbuf_get_stringb(buf, k->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3558 			goto out;
3559 		if ((r = sshkey_ec_validate_public(EC_KEY_get0_group(k->ecdsa),
3560 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(k->ecdsa))) != 0)
3561 			goto out;
3562 		break;
3563 	case KEY_RSA:
3564 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &rsa_n)) != 0 ||
3565 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &rsa_e)) != 0)
3566 			goto out;
3567 		if (!RSA_set0_key(k->rsa, rsa_n, rsa_e, NULL)) {
3568 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3569 			goto out;
3570 		}
3571 		rsa_n = rsa_e = NULL; /* transferred */
3572 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
3573 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
3574 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &rsa_d)) != 0 ||
3575 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &rsa_iqmp)) != 0 ||
3576 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &rsa_p)) != 0 ||
3577 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &rsa_q)) != 0)
3578 			goto out;
3579 		if (!RSA_set0_key(k->rsa, NULL, NULL, rsa_d)) {
3580 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3581 			goto out;
3582 		}
3583 		rsa_d = NULL; /* transferred */
3584 		if (!RSA_set0_factors(k->rsa, rsa_p, rsa_q)) {
3585 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3586 			goto out;
3587 		}
3588 		rsa_p = rsa_q = NULL; /* transferred */
3589 		if ((r = sshkey_check_rsa_length(k, 0)) != 0)
3590 			goto out;
3591 		if ((r = ssh_rsa_complete_crt_parameters(k, rsa_iqmp)) != 0)
3592 			goto out;
3593 		break;
3594 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3595 	case KEY_ED25519:
3596 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
3597 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_string(buf, &ed25519_pk, &pklen)) != 0 ||
3598 		    (r = sshbuf_get_string(buf, &ed25519_sk, &sklen)) != 0)
3599 			goto out;
3600 		if (pklen != ED25519_PK_SZ || sklen != ED25519_SK_SZ) {
3601 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
3602 			goto out;
3603 		}
3604 		k->ed25519_pk = ed25519_pk;
3605 		k->ed25519_sk = ed25519_sk;
3606 		ed25519_pk = ed25519_sk = NULL; /* transferred */
3607 		break;
3608 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
3609 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
3610 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_string(buf, &ed25519_pk, &pklen)) != 0)
3611 			goto out;
3612 		if (pklen != ED25519_PK_SZ) {
3613 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
3614 			goto out;
3615 		}
3616 		if ((k->sk_key_handle = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
3617 		    (k->sk_reserved = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
3618 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3619 			goto out;
3620 		}
3621 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &k->sk_application,
3622 		    NULL)) != 0 ||
3623 		    (r = sshbuf_get_u8(buf, &k->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3624 		    (r = sshbuf_get_stringb(buf, k->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3625 		    (r = sshbuf_get_stringb(buf, k->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3626 			goto out;
3627 		k->ed25519_pk = ed25519_pk;
3628 		ed25519_pk = NULL; /* transferred */
3629 		break;
3630 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
3631 	case KEY_XMSS:
3632 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
3633 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &xmss_name, NULL)) != 0 ||
3634 		    (r = sshbuf_get_string(buf, &xmss_pk, &pklen)) != 0 ||
3635 		    (r = sshbuf_get_string(buf, &xmss_sk, &sklen)) != 0)
3636 			goto out;
3637 		if (type == KEY_XMSS &&
3638 		    (r = sshkey_xmss_init(k, xmss_name)) != 0)
3639 			goto out;
3640 		if (pklen != sshkey_xmss_pklen(k) ||
3641 		    sklen != sshkey_xmss_sklen(k)) {
3642 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
3643 			goto out;
3644 		}
3645 		k->xmss_pk = xmss_pk;
3646 		k->xmss_sk = xmss_sk;
3647 		xmss_pk = xmss_sk = NULL;
3648 		/* optional internal state */
3649 		if ((r = sshkey_xmss_deserialize_state_opt(k, buf)) != 0)
3650 			goto out;
3651 		break;
3652 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
3653 	default:
3654 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
3655 		goto out;
3656 	}
3657 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3658 	/* enable blinding */
3659 	switch (k->type) {
3660 	case KEY_RSA:
3661 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
3662 		if (RSA_blinding_on(k->rsa, NULL) != 1) {
3663 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3664 			goto out;
3665 		}
3666 		break;
3667 	}
3668 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3669 	if ((expect_sk_application != NULL && (k->sk_application == NULL ||
3670 	    strcmp(expect_sk_application, k->sk_application) != 0)) ||
3671 	    (expect_ed25519_pk != NULL && (k->ed25519_pk == NULL ||
3672 	    memcmp(expect_ed25519_pk, k->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ) != 0))) {
3673 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_MISMATCH;
3674 		goto out;
3675 	}
3676 	/* success */
3677 	r = 0;
3678 	if (kp != NULL) {
3679 		*kp = k;
3680 		k = NULL;
3681 	}
3682  out:
3683 	free(tname);
3684 	free(curve);
3685 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3686 	BN_clear_free(exponent);
3687 	BN_clear_free(dsa_p);
3688 	BN_clear_free(dsa_q);
3689 	BN_clear_free(dsa_g);
3690 	BN_clear_free(dsa_pub_key);
3691 	BN_clear_free(dsa_priv_key);
3692 	BN_clear_free(rsa_n);
3693 	BN_clear_free(rsa_e);
3694 	BN_clear_free(rsa_d);
3695 	BN_clear_free(rsa_p);
3696 	BN_clear_free(rsa_q);
3697 	BN_clear_free(rsa_iqmp);
3698 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3699 	sshkey_free(k);
3700 	freezero(ed25519_pk, pklen);
3701 	freezero(ed25519_sk, sklen);
3702 	free(xmss_name);
3703 	freezero(xmss_pk, pklen);
3704 	freezero(xmss_sk, sklen);
3705 	free(expect_sk_application);
3706 	free(expect_ed25519_pk);
3707 	return r;
3708 }
3709 
3710 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3711 int
3712 sshkey_ec_validate_public(const EC_GROUP *group, const EC_POINT *public)
3713 {
3714 	EC_POINT *nq = NULL;
3715 	BIGNUM *order = NULL, *x = NULL, *y = NULL, *tmp = NULL;
3716 	int ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_INVALID_EC_VALUE;
3717 
3718 	/*
3719 	 * NB. This assumes OpenSSL has already verified that the public
3720 	 * point lies on the curve. This is done by EC_POINT_oct2point()
3721 	 * implicitly calling EC_POINT_is_on_curve(). If this code is ever
3722 	 * reachable with public points not unmarshalled using
3723 	 * EC_POINT_oct2point then the caller will need to explicitly check.
3724 	 */
3725 
3726 	/*
3727 	 * We shouldn't ever hit this case because bignum_get_ecpoint()
3728 	 * refuses to load GF2m points.
3729 	 */
3730 	if (EC_METHOD_get_field_type(EC_GROUP_method_of(group)) !=
3731 	    NID_X9_62_prime_field)
3732 		goto out;
3733 
3734 	/* Q != infinity */
3735 	if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, public))
3736 		goto out;
3737 
3738 	if ((x = BN_new()) == NULL ||
3739 	    (y = BN_new()) == NULL ||
3740 	    (order = BN_new()) == NULL ||
3741 	    (tmp = BN_new()) == NULL) {
3742 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3743 		goto out;
3744 	}
3745 
3746 	/* log2(x) > log2(order)/2, log2(y) > log2(order)/2 */
3747 	if (EC_GROUP_get_order(group, order, NULL) != 1 ||
3748 	    EC_POINT_get_affine_coordinates_GFp(group, public,
3749 	    x, y, NULL) != 1) {
3750 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3751 		goto out;
3752 	}
3753 	if (BN_num_bits(x) <= BN_num_bits(order) / 2 ||
3754 	    BN_num_bits(y) <= BN_num_bits(order) / 2)
3755 		goto out;
3756 
3757 	/* nQ == infinity (n == order of subgroup) */
3758 	if ((nq = EC_POINT_new(group)) == NULL) {
3759 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3760 		goto out;
3761 	}
3762 	if (EC_POINT_mul(group, nq, NULL, public, order, NULL) != 1) {
3763 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3764 		goto out;
3765 	}
3766 	if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, nq) != 1)
3767 		goto out;
3768 
3769 	/* x < order - 1, y < order - 1 */
3770 	if (!BN_sub(tmp, order, BN_value_one())) {
3771 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3772 		goto out;
3773 	}
3774 	if (BN_cmp(x, tmp) >= 0 || BN_cmp(y, tmp) >= 0)
3775 		goto out;
3776 	ret = 0;
3777  out:
3778 	BN_clear_free(x);
3779 	BN_clear_free(y);
3780 	BN_clear_free(order);
3781 	BN_clear_free(tmp);
3782 	EC_POINT_free(nq);
3783 	return ret;
3784 }
3785 
3786 int
3787 sshkey_ec_validate_private(const EC_KEY *key)
3788 {
3789 	BIGNUM *order = NULL, *tmp = NULL;
3790 	int ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_INVALID_EC_VALUE;
3791 
3792 	if ((order = BN_new()) == NULL || (tmp = BN_new()) == NULL) {
3793 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3794 		goto out;
3795 	}
3796 
3797 	/* log2(private) > log2(order)/2 */
3798 	if (EC_GROUP_get_order(EC_KEY_get0_group(key), order, NULL) != 1) {
3799 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3800 		goto out;
3801 	}
3802 	if (BN_num_bits(EC_KEY_get0_private_key(key)) <=
3803 	    BN_num_bits(order) / 2)
3804 		goto out;
3805 
3806 	/* private < order - 1 */
3807 	if (!BN_sub(tmp, order, BN_value_one())) {
3808 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3809 		goto out;
3810 	}
3811 	if (BN_cmp(EC_KEY_get0_private_key(key), tmp) >= 0)
3812 		goto out;
3813 	ret = 0;
3814  out:
3815 	BN_clear_free(order);
3816 	BN_clear_free(tmp);
3817 	return ret;
3818 }
3819 
3820 void
3821 sshkey_dump_ec_point(const EC_GROUP *group, const EC_POINT *point)
3822 {
3823 	BIGNUM *x = NULL, *y = NULL;
3824 
3825 	if (point == NULL) {
3826 		fputs("point=(NULL)\n", stderr);
3827 		return;
3828 	}
3829 	if ((x = BN_new()) == NULL || (y = BN_new()) == NULL) {
3830 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: BN_new failed\n", __func__);
3831 		goto out;
3832 	}
3833 	if (EC_METHOD_get_field_type(EC_GROUP_method_of(group)) !=
3834 	    NID_X9_62_prime_field) {
3835 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: group is not a prime field\n", __func__);
3836 		goto out;
3837 	}
3838 	if (EC_POINT_get_affine_coordinates_GFp(group, point,
3839 	    x, y, NULL) != 1) {
3840 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: EC_POINT_get_affine_coordinates_GFp\n",
3841 		    __func__);
3842 		goto out;
3843 	}
3844 	fputs("x=", stderr);
3845 	BN_print_fp(stderr, x);
3846 	fputs("\ny=", stderr);
3847 	BN_print_fp(stderr, y);
3848 	fputs("\n", stderr);
3849  out:
3850 	BN_clear_free(x);
3851 	BN_clear_free(y);
3852 }
3853 
3854 void
3855 sshkey_dump_ec_key(const EC_KEY *key)
3856 {
3857 	const BIGNUM *exponent;
3858 
3859 	sshkey_dump_ec_point(EC_KEY_get0_group(key),
3860 	    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(key));
3861 	fputs("exponent=", stderr);
3862 	if ((exponent = EC_KEY_get0_private_key(key)) == NULL)
3863 		fputs("(NULL)", stderr);
3864 	else
3865 		BN_print_fp(stderr, EC_KEY_get0_private_key(key));
3866 	fputs("\n", stderr);
3867 }
3868 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3869 
3870 static int
3871 sshkey_private_to_blob2(struct sshkey *prv, struct sshbuf *blob,
3872     const char *passphrase, const char *comment, const char *ciphername,
3873     int rounds)
3874 {
3875 	u_char *cp, *key = NULL, *pubkeyblob = NULL;
3876 	u_char salt[SALT_LEN];
3877 	char *b64 = NULL;
3878 	size_t i, pubkeylen, keylen, ivlen, blocksize, authlen;
3879 	u_int check;
3880 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
3881 	struct sshcipher_ctx *ciphercontext = NULL;
3882 	const struct sshcipher *cipher;
3883 	const char *kdfname = KDFNAME;
3884 	struct sshbuf *encoded = NULL, *encrypted = NULL, *kdf = NULL;
3885 
3886 	if (rounds <= 0)
3887 		rounds = DEFAULT_ROUNDS;
3888 	if (passphrase == NULL || !strlen(passphrase)) {
3889 		ciphername = "none";
3890 		kdfname = "none";
3891 	} else if (ciphername == NULL)
3892 		ciphername = DEFAULT_CIPHERNAME;
3893 	if ((cipher = cipher_by_name(ciphername)) == NULL) {
3894 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3895 		goto out;
3896 	}
3897 
3898 	if ((kdf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
3899 	    (encoded = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
3900 	    (encrypted = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
3901 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3902 		goto out;
3903 	}
3904 	blocksize = cipher_blocksize(cipher);
3905 	keylen = cipher_keylen(cipher);
3906 	ivlen = cipher_ivlen(cipher);
3907 	authlen = cipher_authlen(cipher);
3908 	if ((key = calloc(1, keylen + ivlen)) == NULL) {
3909 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3910 		goto out;
3911 	}
3912 	if (strcmp(kdfname, "bcrypt") == 0) {
3913 		arc4random_buf(salt, SALT_LEN);
3914 		if (bcrypt_pbkdf(passphrase, strlen(passphrase),
3915 		    salt, SALT_LEN, key, keylen + ivlen, rounds) < 0) {
3916 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3917 			goto out;
3918 		}
3919 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_string(kdf, salt, SALT_LEN)) != 0 ||
3920 		    (r = sshbuf_put_u32(kdf, rounds)) != 0)
3921 			goto out;
3922 	} else if (strcmp(kdfname, "none") != 0) {
3923 		/* Unsupported KDF type */
3924 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_UNKNOWN_CIPHER;
3925 		goto out;
3926 	}
3927 	if ((r = cipher_init(&ciphercontext, cipher, key, keylen,
3928 	    key + keylen, ivlen, 1)) != 0)
3929 		goto out;
3930 
3931 	if ((r = sshbuf_put(encoded, AUTH_MAGIC, sizeof(AUTH_MAGIC))) != 0 ||
3932 	    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(encoded, ciphername)) != 0 ||
3933 	    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(encoded, kdfname)) != 0 ||
3934 	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(encoded, kdf)) != 0 ||
3935 	    (r = sshbuf_put_u32(encoded, 1)) != 0 ||	/* number of keys */
3936 	    (r = sshkey_to_blob(prv, &pubkeyblob, &pubkeylen)) != 0 ||
3937 	    (r = sshbuf_put_string(encoded, pubkeyblob, pubkeylen)) != 0)
3938 		goto out;
3939 
3940 	/* set up the buffer that will be encrypted */
3941 
3942 	/* Random check bytes */
3943 	check = arc4random();
3944 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_u32(encrypted, check)) != 0 ||
3945 	    (r = sshbuf_put_u32(encrypted, check)) != 0)
3946 		goto out;
3947 
3948 	/* append private key and comment*/
3949 	if ((r = sshkey_private_serialize_opt(prv, encrypted,
3950 	    SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_FULL)) != 0 ||
3951 	    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(encrypted, comment)) != 0)
3952 		goto out;
3953 
3954 	/* padding */
3955 	i = 0;
3956 	while (sshbuf_len(encrypted) % blocksize) {
3957 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(encrypted, ++i & 0xff)) != 0)
3958 			goto out;
3959 	}
3960 
3961 	/* length in destination buffer */
3962 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_u32(encoded, sshbuf_len(encrypted))) != 0)
3963 		goto out;
3964 
3965 	/* encrypt */
3966 	if ((r = sshbuf_reserve(encoded,
3967 	    sshbuf_len(encrypted) + authlen, &cp)) != 0)
3968 		goto out;
3969 	if ((r = cipher_crypt(ciphercontext, 0, cp,
3970 	    sshbuf_ptr(encrypted), sshbuf_len(encrypted), 0, authlen)) != 0)
3971 		goto out;
3972 
3973 	sshbuf_reset(blob);
3974 
3975 	/* assemble uuencoded key */
3976 	if ((r = sshbuf_put(blob, MARK_BEGIN, MARK_BEGIN_LEN)) != 0 ||
3977 	    (r = sshbuf_dtob64(encoded, blob, 1)) != 0 ||
3978 	    (r = sshbuf_put(blob, MARK_END, MARK_END_LEN)) != 0)
3979 		goto out;
3980 
3981 	/* success */
3982 	r = 0;
3983 
3984  out:
3985 	sshbuf_free(kdf);
3986 	sshbuf_free(encoded);
3987 	sshbuf_free(encrypted);
3988 	cipher_free(ciphercontext);
3989 	explicit_bzero(salt, sizeof(salt));
3990 	if (key != NULL)
3991 		freezero(key, keylen + ivlen);
3992 	if (pubkeyblob != NULL)
3993 		freezero(pubkeyblob, pubkeylen);
3994 	if (b64 != NULL)
3995 		freezero(b64, strlen(b64));
3996 	return r;
3997 }
3998 
3999 static int
4000 private2_uudecode(struct sshbuf *blob, struct sshbuf **decodedp)
4001 {
4002 	const u_char *cp;
4003 	size_t encoded_len;
4004 	int r;
4005 	u_char last;
4006 	struct sshbuf *encoded = NULL, *decoded = NULL;
4007 
4008 	if (blob == NULL || decodedp == NULL)
4009 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4010 
4011 	*decodedp = NULL;
4012 
4013 	if ((encoded = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
4014 	    (decoded = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
4015 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4016 		goto out;
4017 	}
4018 
4019 	/* check preamble */
4020 	cp = sshbuf_ptr(blob);
4021 	encoded_len = sshbuf_len(blob);
4022 	if (encoded_len < (MARK_BEGIN_LEN + MARK_END_LEN) ||
4023 	    memcmp(cp, MARK_BEGIN, MARK_BEGIN_LEN) != 0) {
4024 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4025 		goto out;
4026 	}
4027 	cp += MARK_BEGIN_LEN;
4028 	encoded_len -= MARK_BEGIN_LEN;
4029 
4030 	/* Look for end marker, removing whitespace as we go */
4031 	while (encoded_len > 0) {
4032 		if (*cp != '\n' && *cp != '\r') {
4033 			if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(encoded, *cp)) != 0)
4034 				goto out;
4035 		}
4036 		last = *cp;
4037 		encoded_len--;
4038 		cp++;
4039 		if (last == '\n') {
4040 			if (encoded_len >= MARK_END_LEN &&
4041 			    memcmp(cp, MARK_END, MARK_END_LEN) == 0) {
4042 				/* \0 terminate */
4043 				if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(encoded, 0)) != 0)
4044 					goto out;
4045 				break;
4046 			}
4047 		}
4048 	}
4049 	if (encoded_len == 0) {
4050 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4051 		goto out;
4052 	}
4053 
4054 	/* decode base64 */
4055 	if ((r = sshbuf_b64tod(decoded, (char *)sshbuf_ptr(encoded))) != 0)
4056 		goto out;
4057 
4058 	/* check magic */
4059 	if (sshbuf_len(decoded) < sizeof(AUTH_MAGIC) ||
4060 	    memcmp(sshbuf_ptr(decoded), AUTH_MAGIC, sizeof(AUTH_MAGIC))) {
4061 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4062 		goto out;
4063 	}
4064 	/* success */
4065 	*decodedp = decoded;
4066 	decoded = NULL;
4067 	r = 0;
4068  out:
4069 	sshbuf_free(encoded);
4070 	sshbuf_free(decoded);
4071 	return r;
4072 }
4073 
4074 static int
4075 private2_decrypt(struct sshbuf *decoded, const char *passphrase,
4076     struct sshbuf **decryptedp, struct sshkey **pubkeyp)
4077 {
4078 	char *ciphername = NULL, *kdfname = NULL;
4079 	const struct sshcipher *cipher = NULL;
4080 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
4081 	size_t keylen = 0, ivlen = 0, authlen = 0, slen = 0;
4082 	struct sshbuf *kdf = NULL, *decrypted = NULL;
4083 	struct sshcipher_ctx *ciphercontext = NULL;
4084 	struct sshkey *pubkey = NULL;
4085 	u_char *key = NULL, *salt = NULL, *dp;
4086 	u_int blocksize, rounds, nkeys, encrypted_len, check1, check2;
4087 
4088 	if (decoded == NULL || decryptedp == NULL || pubkeyp == NULL)
4089 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4090 
4091 	*decryptedp = NULL;
4092 	*pubkeyp = NULL;
4093 
4094 	if ((decrypted = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
4095 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4096 		goto out;
4097 	}
4098 
4099 	/* parse public portion of key */
4100 	if ((r = sshbuf_consume(decoded, sizeof(AUTH_MAGIC))) != 0 ||
4101 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(decoded, &ciphername, NULL)) != 0 ||
4102 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(decoded, &kdfname, NULL)) != 0 ||
4103 	    (r = sshbuf_froms(decoded, &kdf)) != 0 ||
4104 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(decoded, &nkeys)) != 0)
4105 		goto out;
4106 
4107 	if (nkeys != 1) {
4108 		/* XXX only one key supported at present */
4109 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4110 		goto out;
4111 	}
4112 
4113 	if ((r = sshkey_froms(decoded, &pubkey)) != 0 ||
4114 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(decoded, &encrypted_len)) != 0)
4115 		goto out;
4116 
4117 	if ((cipher = cipher_by_name(ciphername)) == NULL) {
4118 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_UNKNOWN_CIPHER;
4119 		goto out;
4120 	}
4121 	if (strcmp(kdfname, "none") != 0 && strcmp(kdfname, "bcrypt") != 0) {
4122 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_UNKNOWN_CIPHER;
4123 		goto out;
4124 	}
4125 	if (strcmp(kdfname, "none") == 0 && strcmp(ciphername, "none") != 0) {
4126 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4127 		goto out;
4128 	}
4129 	if ((passphrase == NULL || strlen(passphrase) == 0) &&
4130 	    strcmp(kdfname, "none") != 0) {
4131 		/* passphrase required */
4132 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4133 		goto out;
4134 	}
4135 
4136 	/* check size of encrypted key blob */
4137 	blocksize = cipher_blocksize(cipher);
4138 	if (encrypted_len < blocksize || (encrypted_len % blocksize) != 0) {
4139 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4140 		goto out;
4141 	}
4142 
4143 	/* setup key */
4144 	keylen = cipher_keylen(cipher);
4145 	ivlen = cipher_ivlen(cipher);
4146 	authlen = cipher_authlen(cipher);
4147 	if ((key = calloc(1, keylen + ivlen)) == NULL) {
4148 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4149 		goto out;
4150 	}
4151 	if (strcmp(kdfname, "bcrypt") == 0) {
4152 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_string(kdf, &salt, &slen)) != 0 ||
4153 		    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(kdf, &rounds)) != 0)
4154 			goto out;
4155 		if (bcrypt_pbkdf(passphrase, strlen(passphrase), salt, slen,
4156 		    key, keylen + ivlen, rounds) < 0) {
4157 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4158 			goto out;
4159 		}
4160 	}
4161 
4162 	/* check that an appropriate amount of auth data is present */
4163 	if (sshbuf_len(decoded) < authlen ||
4164 	    sshbuf_len(decoded) - authlen < encrypted_len) {
4165 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4166 		goto out;
4167 	}
4168 
4169 	/* decrypt private portion of key */
4170 	if ((r = sshbuf_reserve(decrypted, encrypted_len, &dp)) != 0 ||
4171 	    (r = cipher_init(&ciphercontext, cipher, key, keylen,
4172 	    key + keylen, ivlen, 0)) != 0)
4173 		goto out;
4174 	if ((r = cipher_crypt(ciphercontext, 0, dp, sshbuf_ptr(decoded),
4175 	    encrypted_len, 0, authlen)) != 0) {
4176 		/* an integrity error here indicates an incorrect passphrase */
4177 		if (r == SSH_ERR_MAC_INVALID)
4178 			r = SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4179 		goto out;
4180 	}
4181 	if ((r = sshbuf_consume(decoded, encrypted_len + authlen)) != 0)
4182 		goto out;
4183 	/* there should be no trailing data */
4184 	if (sshbuf_len(decoded) != 0) {
4185 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4186 		goto out;
4187 	}
4188 
4189 	/* check check bytes */
4190 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(decrypted, &check1)) != 0 ||
4191 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(decrypted, &check2)) != 0)
4192 		goto out;
4193 	if (check1 != check2) {
4194 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4195 		goto out;
4196 	}
4197 	/* success */
4198 	*decryptedp = decrypted;
4199 	decrypted = NULL;
4200 	*pubkeyp = pubkey;
4201 	pubkey = NULL;
4202 	r = 0;
4203  out:
4204 	cipher_free(ciphercontext);
4205 	free(ciphername);
4206 	free(kdfname);
4207 	sshkey_free(pubkey);
4208 	if (salt != NULL) {
4209 		explicit_bzero(salt, slen);
4210 		free(salt);
4211 	}
4212 	if (key != NULL) {
4213 		explicit_bzero(key, keylen + ivlen);
4214 		free(key);
4215 	}
4216 	sshbuf_free(kdf);
4217 	sshbuf_free(decrypted);
4218 	return r;
4219 }
4220 
4221 static int
4222 sshkey_parse_private2(struct sshbuf *blob, int type, const char *passphrase,
4223     struct sshkey **keyp, char **commentp)
4224 {
4225 	char *comment = NULL;
4226 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
4227 	struct sshbuf *decoded = NULL, *decrypted = NULL;
4228 	struct sshkey *k = NULL, *pubkey = NULL;
4229 
4230 	if (keyp != NULL)
4231 		*keyp = NULL;
4232 	if (commentp != NULL)
4233 		*commentp = NULL;
4234 
4235 	/* Undo base64 encoding and decrypt the private section */
4236 	if ((r = private2_uudecode(blob, &decoded)) != 0 ||
4237 	    (r = private2_decrypt(decoded, passphrase,
4238 	    &decrypted, &pubkey)) != 0)
4239 		goto out;
4240 
4241 	if (type != KEY_UNSPEC &&
4242 	    sshkey_type_plain(type) != sshkey_type_plain(pubkey->type)) {
4243 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_MISMATCH;
4244 		goto out;
4245 	}
4246 
4247 	/* Load the private key and comment */
4248 	if ((r = sshkey_private_deserialize(decrypted, &k)) != 0 ||
4249 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(decrypted, &comment, NULL)) != 0)
4250 		goto out;
4251 
4252 	/* Check deterministic padding after private section */
4253 	if ((r = private2_check_padding(decrypted)) != 0)
4254 		goto out;
4255 
4256 	/* Check that the public key in the envelope matches the private key */
4257 	if (!sshkey_equal(pubkey, k)) {
4258 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4259 		goto out;
4260 	}
4261 
4262 	/* success */
4263 	r = 0;
4264 	if (keyp != NULL) {
4265 		*keyp = k;
4266 		k = NULL;
4267 	}
4268 	if (commentp != NULL) {
4269 		*commentp = comment;
4270 		comment = NULL;
4271 	}
4272  out:
4273 	free(comment);
4274 	sshbuf_free(decoded);
4275 	sshbuf_free(decrypted);
4276 	sshkey_free(k);
4277 	sshkey_free(pubkey);
4278 	return r;
4279 }
4280 
4281 static int
4282 sshkey_parse_private2_pubkey(struct sshbuf *blob, int type,
4283     struct sshkey **keyp)
4284 {
4285 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
4286 	struct sshbuf *decoded = NULL;
4287 	struct sshkey *pubkey = NULL;
4288 	u_int nkeys = 0;
4289 
4290 	if (keyp != NULL)
4291 		*keyp = NULL;
4292 
4293 	if ((r = private2_uudecode(blob, &decoded)) != 0)
4294 		goto out;
4295 	/* parse public key from unencrypted envelope */
4296 	if ((r = sshbuf_consume(decoded, sizeof(AUTH_MAGIC))) != 0 ||
4297 	    (r = sshbuf_skip_string(decoded)) != 0 || /* cipher */
4298 	    (r = sshbuf_skip_string(decoded)) != 0 || /* KDF alg */
4299 	    (r = sshbuf_skip_string(decoded)) != 0 || /* KDF hint */
4300 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(decoded, &nkeys)) != 0)
4301 		goto out;
4302 
4303 	if (nkeys != 1) {
4304 		/* XXX only one key supported at present */
4305 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4306 		goto out;
4307 	}
4308 
4309 	/* Parse the public key */
4310 	if ((r = sshkey_froms(decoded, &pubkey)) != 0)
4311 		goto out;
4312 
4313 	if (type != KEY_UNSPEC &&
4314 	    sshkey_type_plain(type) != sshkey_type_plain(pubkey->type)) {
4315 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_MISMATCH;
4316 		goto out;
4317 	}
4318 
4319 	/* success */
4320 	r = 0;
4321 	if (keyp != NULL) {
4322 		*keyp = pubkey;
4323 		pubkey = NULL;
4324 	}
4325  out:
4326 	sshbuf_free(decoded);
4327 	sshkey_free(pubkey);
4328 	return r;
4329 }
4330 
4331 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
4332 /* convert SSH v2 key to PEM or PKCS#8 format */
4333 static int
4334 sshkey_private_to_blob_pem_pkcs8(struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *buf,
4335     int format, const char *_passphrase, const char *comment)
4336 {
4337 	int was_shielded = sshkey_is_shielded(key);
4338 	int success, r;
4339 	int blen, len = strlen(_passphrase);
4340 	u_char *passphrase = (len > 0) ? (u_char *)_passphrase : NULL;
4341 	const EVP_CIPHER *cipher = (len > 0) ? EVP_aes_128_cbc() : NULL;
4342 	char *bptr;
4343 	BIO *bio = NULL;
4344 	struct sshbuf *blob;
4345 	EVP_PKEY *pkey = NULL;
4346 
4347 	if (len > 0 && len <= 4)
4348 		return SSH_ERR_PASSPHRASE_TOO_SHORT;
4349 	if ((blob = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
4350 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4351 	if ((bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())) == NULL) {
4352 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4353 		goto out;
4354 	}
4355 	if (format == SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PKCS8 && (pkey = EVP_PKEY_new()) == NULL) {
4356 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4357 		goto out;
4358 	}
4359 	if ((r = sshkey_unshield_private(key)) != 0)
4360 		goto out;
4361 
4362 	switch (key->type) {
4363 	case KEY_DSA:
4364 		if (format == SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PEM) {
4365 			success = PEM_write_bio_DSAPrivateKey(bio, key->dsa,
4366 			    cipher, passphrase, len, NULL, NULL);
4367 		} else {
4368 			success = EVP_PKEY_set1_DSA(pkey, key->dsa);
4369 		}
4370 		break;
4371 	case KEY_ECDSA:
4372 		if (format == SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PEM) {
4373 			success = PEM_write_bio_ECPrivateKey(bio, key->ecdsa,
4374 			    cipher, passphrase, len, NULL, NULL);
4375 		} else {
4376 			success = EVP_PKEY_set1_EC_KEY(pkey, key->ecdsa);
4377 		}
4378 		break;
4379 	case KEY_RSA:
4380 		if (format == SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PEM) {
4381 			success = PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(bio, key->rsa,
4382 			    cipher, passphrase, len, NULL, NULL);
4383 		} else {
4384 			success = EVP_PKEY_set1_RSA(pkey, key->rsa);
4385 		}
4386 		break;
4387 	default:
4388 		success = 0;
4389 		break;
4390 	}
4391 	if (success == 0) {
4392 		r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
4393 		goto out;
4394 	}
4395 	if (format == SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PKCS8) {
4396 		if ((success = PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(bio, pkey, cipher,
4397 		    passphrase, len, NULL, NULL)) == 0) {
4398 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
4399 			goto out;
4400 		}
4401 	}
4402 	if ((blen = BIO_get_mem_data(bio, &bptr)) <= 0) {
4403 		r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
4404 		goto out;
4405 	}
4406 	if ((r = sshbuf_put(blob, bptr, blen)) != 0)
4407 		goto out;
4408 	r = 0;
4409  out:
4410 	if (was_shielded)
4411 		r = sshkey_shield_private(key);
4412 	if (r == 0)
4413 		r = sshbuf_putb(buf, blob);
4414 
4415 	EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
4416 	sshbuf_free(blob);
4417 	BIO_free(bio);
4418 	return r;
4419 }
4420 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
4421 
4422 /* Serialise "key" to buffer "blob" */
4423 int
4424 sshkey_private_to_fileblob(struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *blob,
4425     const char *passphrase, const char *comment,
4426     int format, const char *openssh_format_cipher, int openssh_format_rounds)
4427 {
4428 	switch (key->type) {
4429 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
4430 	case KEY_DSA:
4431 	case KEY_ECDSA:
4432 	case KEY_RSA:
4433 		break; /* see below */
4434 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
4435 	case KEY_ED25519:
4436 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
4437 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
4438 	case KEY_XMSS:
4439 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
4440 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
4441 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
4442 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
4443 		return sshkey_private_to_blob2(key, blob, passphrase,
4444 		    comment, openssh_format_cipher, openssh_format_rounds);
4445 	default:
4446 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
4447 	}
4448 
4449 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
4450 	switch (format) {
4451 	case SSHKEY_PRIVATE_OPENSSH:
4452 		return sshkey_private_to_blob2(key, blob, passphrase,
4453 		    comment, openssh_format_cipher, openssh_format_rounds);
4454 	case SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PEM:
4455 	case SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PKCS8:
4456 		return sshkey_private_to_blob_pem_pkcs8(key, blob,
4457 		    format, passphrase, comment);
4458 	default:
4459 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4460 	}
4461 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
4462 }
4463 
4464 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
4465 static int
4466 translate_libcrypto_error(unsigned long pem_err)
4467 {
4468 	int pem_reason = ERR_GET_REASON(pem_err);
4469 
4470 	switch (ERR_GET_LIB(pem_err)) {
4471 	case ERR_LIB_PEM:
4472 		switch (pem_reason) {
4473 		case PEM_R_BAD_PASSWORD_READ:
4474 		case PEM_R_PROBLEMS_GETTING_PASSWORD:
4475 		case PEM_R_BAD_DECRYPT:
4476 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4477 		default:
4478 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4479 		}
4480 	case ERR_LIB_EVP:
4481 		switch (pem_reason) {
4482 		case EVP_R_BAD_DECRYPT:
4483 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4484 #ifdef EVP_R_BN_DECODE_ERROR
4485 		case EVP_R_BN_DECODE_ERROR:
4486 #endif
4487 		case EVP_R_DECODE_ERROR:
4488 #ifdef EVP_R_PRIVATE_KEY_DECODE_ERROR
4489 		case EVP_R_PRIVATE_KEY_DECODE_ERROR:
4490 #endif
4491 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4492 		default:
4493 			return SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
4494 		}
4495 	case ERR_LIB_ASN1:
4496 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4497 	}
4498 	return SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
4499 }
4500 
4501 static void
4502 clear_libcrypto_errors(void)
4503 {
4504 	while (ERR_get_error() != 0)
4505 		;
4506 }
4507 
4508 /*
4509  * Translate OpenSSL error codes to determine whether
4510  * passphrase is required/incorrect.
4511  */
4512 static int
4513 convert_libcrypto_error(void)
4514 {
4515 	/*
4516 	 * Some password errors are reported at the beginning
4517 	 * of the error queue.
4518 	 */
4519 	if (translate_libcrypto_error(ERR_peek_error()) ==
4520 	    SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
4521 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4522 	return translate_libcrypto_error(ERR_peek_last_error());
4523 }
4524 
4525 static int
4526 sshkey_parse_private_pem_fileblob(struct sshbuf *blob, int type,
4527     const char *passphrase, struct sshkey **keyp)
4528 {
4529 	EVP_PKEY *pk = NULL;
4530 	struct sshkey *prv = NULL;
4531 	BIO *bio = NULL;
4532 	int r;
4533 
4534 	if (keyp != NULL)
4535 		*keyp = NULL;
4536 
4537 	if ((bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())) == NULL || sshbuf_len(blob) > INT_MAX)
4538 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4539 	if (BIO_write(bio, sshbuf_ptr(blob), sshbuf_len(blob)) !=
4540 	    (int)sshbuf_len(blob)) {
4541 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4542 		goto out;
4543 	}
4544 
4545 	clear_libcrypto_errors();
4546 	if ((pk = PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(bio, NULL, NULL,
4547 	    (char *)passphrase)) == NULL) {
4548 		/*
4549 		 * libcrypto may return various ASN.1 errors when attempting
4550 		 * to parse a key with an incorrect passphrase.
4551 		 * Treat all format errors as "incorrect passphrase" if a
4552 		 * passphrase was supplied.
4553 		 */
4554 		if (passphrase != NULL && *passphrase != '\0')
4555 			r = SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4556 		else
4557 			r = convert_libcrypto_error();
4558 		goto out;
4559 	}
4560 	if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pk) == EVP_PKEY_RSA &&
4561 	    (type == KEY_UNSPEC || type == KEY_RSA)) {
4562 		if ((prv = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL) {
4563 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4564 			goto out;
4565 		}
4566 		prv->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pk);
4567 		prv->type = KEY_RSA;
4568 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
4569 		RSA_print_fp(stderr, prv->rsa, 8);
4570 #endif
4571 		if (RSA_blinding_on(prv->rsa, NULL) != 1) {
4572 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
4573 			goto out;
4574 		}
4575 		if ((r = sshkey_check_rsa_length(prv, 0)) != 0)
4576 			goto out;
4577 	} else if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pk) == EVP_PKEY_DSA &&
4578 	    (type == KEY_UNSPEC || type == KEY_DSA)) {
4579 		if ((prv = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL) {
4580 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4581 			goto out;
4582 		}
4583 		prv->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pk);
4584 		prv->type = KEY_DSA;
4585 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
4586 		DSA_print_fp(stderr, prv->dsa, 8);
4587 #endif
4588 	} else if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pk) == EVP_PKEY_EC &&
4589 	    (type == KEY_UNSPEC || type == KEY_ECDSA)) {
4590 		if ((prv = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL) {
4591 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4592 			goto out;
4593 		}
4594 		prv->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pk);
4595 		prv->type = KEY_ECDSA;
4596 		prv->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid(prv->ecdsa);
4597 		if (prv->ecdsa_nid == -1 ||
4598 		    sshkey_curve_nid_to_name(prv->ecdsa_nid) == NULL ||
4599 		    sshkey_ec_validate_public(EC_KEY_get0_group(prv->ecdsa),
4600 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(prv->ecdsa)) != 0 ||
4601 		    sshkey_ec_validate_private(prv->ecdsa) != 0) {
4602 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4603 			goto out;
4604 		}
4605 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
4606 		if (prv != NULL && prv->ecdsa != NULL)
4607 			sshkey_dump_ec_key(prv->ecdsa);
4608 #endif
4609 	} else {
4610 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4611 		goto out;
4612 	}
4613 	r = 0;
4614 	if (keyp != NULL) {
4615 		*keyp = prv;
4616 		prv = NULL;
4617 	}
4618  out:
4619 	BIO_free(bio);
4620 	EVP_PKEY_free(pk);
4621 	sshkey_free(prv);
4622 	return r;
4623 }
4624 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
4625 
4626 int
4627 sshkey_parse_private_fileblob_type(struct sshbuf *blob, int type,
4628     const char *passphrase, struct sshkey **keyp, char **commentp)
4629 {
4630 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
4631 
4632 	if (keyp != NULL)
4633 		*keyp = NULL;
4634 	if (commentp != NULL)
4635 		*commentp = NULL;
4636 
4637 	switch (type) {
4638 	case KEY_ED25519:
4639 	case KEY_XMSS:
4640 		/* No fallback for new-format-only keys */
4641 		return sshkey_parse_private2(blob, type, passphrase,
4642 		    keyp, commentp);
4643 	default:
4644 		r = sshkey_parse_private2(blob, type, passphrase, keyp,
4645 		    commentp);
4646 		/* Only fallback to PEM parser if a format error occurred. */
4647 		if (r != SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT)
4648 			return r;
4649 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
4650 		return sshkey_parse_private_pem_fileblob(blob, type,
4651 		    passphrase, keyp);
4652 #else
4653 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4654 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
4655 	}
4656 }
4657 
4658 int
4659 sshkey_parse_private_fileblob(struct sshbuf *buffer, const char *passphrase,
4660     struct sshkey **keyp, char **commentp)
4661 {
4662 	if (keyp != NULL)
4663 		*keyp = NULL;
4664 	if (commentp != NULL)
4665 		*commentp = NULL;
4666 
4667 	return sshkey_parse_private_fileblob_type(buffer, KEY_UNSPEC,
4668 	    passphrase, keyp, commentp);
4669 }
4670 
4671 void
4672 sshkey_sig_details_free(struct sshkey_sig_details *details)
4673 {
4674 	freezero(details, sizeof(*details));
4675 }
4676 
4677 int
4678 sshkey_parse_pubkey_from_private_fileblob_type(struct sshbuf *blob, int type,
4679     struct sshkey **pubkeyp)
4680 {
4681 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
4682 
4683 	if (pubkeyp != NULL)
4684 		*pubkeyp = NULL;
4685 	/* only new-format private keys bundle a public key inside */
4686 	if ((r = sshkey_parse_private2_pubkey(blob, type, pubkeyp)) != 0)
4687 		return r;
4688 	return 0;
4689 }
4690 
4691 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
4692 /*
4693  * serialize the key with the current state and forward the state
4694  * maxsign times.
4695  */
4696 int
4697 sshkey_private_serialize_maxsign(struct sshkey *k, struct sshbuf *b,
4698     u_int32_t maxsign, int printerror)
4699 {
4700 	int r, rupdate;
4701 
4702 	if (maxsign == 0 ||
4703 	    sshkey_type_plain(k->type) != KEY_XMSS)
4704 		return sshkey_private_serialize_opt(k, b,
4705 		    SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
4706 	if ((r = sshkey_xmss_get_state(k, printerror)) != 0 ||
4707 	    (r = sshkey_private_serialize_opt(k, b,
4708 	    SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_STATE)) != 0 ||
4709 	    (r = sshkey_xmss_forward_state(k, maxsign)) != 0)
4710 		goto out;
4711 	r = 0;
4712 out:
4713 	if ((rupdate = sshkey_xmss_update_state(k, printerror)) != 0) {
4714 		if (r == 0)
4715 			r = rupdate;
4716 	}
4717 	return r;
4718 }
4719 
4720 u_int32_t
4721 sshkey_signatures_left(const struct sshkey *k)
4722 {
4723 	if (sshkey_type_plain(k->type) == KEY_XMSS)
4724 		return sshkey_xmss_signatures_left(k);
4725 	return 0;
4726 }
4727 
4728 int
4729 sshkey_enable_maxsign(struct sshkey *k, u_int32_t maxsign)
4730 {
4731 	if (sshkey_type_plain(k->type) != KEY_XMSS)
4732 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4733 	return sshkey_xmss_enable_maxsign(k, maxsign);
4734 }
4735 
4736 int
4737 sshkey_set_filename(struct sshkey *k, const char *filename)
4738 {
4739 	if (k == NULL)
4740 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4741 	if (sshkey_type_plain(k->type) != KEY_XMSS)
4742 		return 0;
4743 	if (filename == NULL)
4744 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4745 	if ((k->xmss_filename = strdup(filename)) == NULL)
4746 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4747 	return 0;
4748 }
4749 #else
4750 int
4751 sshkey_private_serialize_maxsign(struct sshkey *k, struct sshbuf *b,
4752     u_int32_t maxsign, int printerror)
4753 {
4754 	return sshkey_private_serialize_opt(k, b, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
4755 }
4756 
4757 u_int32_t
4758 sshkey_signatures_left(const struct sshkey *k)
4759 {
4760 	return 0;
4761 }
4762 
4763 int
4764 sshkey_enable_maxsign(struct sshkey *k, u_int32_t maxsign)
4765 {
4766 	return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4767 }
4768 
4769 int
4770 sshkey_set_filename(struct sshkey *k, const char *filename)
4771 {
4772 	if (k == NULL)
4773 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4774 	return 0;
4775 }
4776 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
4777