xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/sshconnect.c (revision 5e3c7963eb248119b7dfd4b0defad58a7d9cd306)
1 /* $OpenBSD: sshconnect.c,v 1.312 2019/01/24 17:00:29 dtucker Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Code to connect to a remote host, and to perform the client side of the
7  * login (authentication) dialog.
8  *
9  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
10  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
11  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
12  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
13  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
14  */
15 
16 #include <sys/types.h>
17 #include <sys/wait.h>
18 #include <sys/stat.h>
19 #include <sys/socket.h>
20 #include <sys/time.h>
21 
22 #include <net/if.h>
23 #include <netinet/in.h>
24 
25 #include <ctype.h>
26 #include <errno.h>
27 #include <fcntl.h>
28 #include <netdb.h>
29 #include <paths.h>
30 #include <signal.h>
31 #include <pwd.h>
32 #include <stdio.h>
33 #include <stdlib.h>
34 #include <string.h>
35 #include <unistd.h>
36 #include <ifaddrs.h>
37 
38 #include "xmalloc.h"
39 #include "ssh.h"
40 #include "sshbuf.h"
41 #include "packet.h"
42 #include "compat.h"
43 #include "sshkey.h"
44 #include "sshconnect.h"
45 #include "hostfile.h"
46 #include "log.h"
47 #include "misc.h"
48 #include "readconf.h"
49 #include "atomicio.h"
50 #include "dns.h"
51 #include "monitor_fdpass.h"
52 #include "ssh2.h"
53 #include "version.h"
54 #include "authfile.h"
55 #include "ssherr.h"
56 #include "authfd.h"
57 #include "kex.h"
58 
59 struct sshkey *previous_host_key = NULL;
60 
61 static int matching_host_key_dns = 0;
62 
63 static pid_t proxy_command_pid = 0;
64 
65 /* import */
66 extern int debug_flag;
67 extern Options options;
68 extern char *__progname;
69 
70 static int show_other_keys(struct hostkeys *, struct sshkey *);
71 static void warn_changed_key(struct sshkey *);
72 
73 /* Expand a proxy command */
74 static char *
75 expand_proxy_command(const char *proxy_command, const char *user,
76     const char *host, int port)
77 {
78 	char *tmp, *ret, strport[NI_MAXSERV];
79 
80 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%d", port);
81 	xasprintf(&tmp, "exec %s", proxy_command);
82 	ret = percent_expand(tmp, "h", host, "p", strport,
83 	    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
84 	free(tmp);
85 	return ret;
86 }
87 
88 static void
89 stderr_null(void)
90 {
91 	int devnull;
92 
93 	if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_WRONLY)) == -1) {
94 		error("Can't open %s for stderr redirection: %s",
95 		    _PATH_DEVNULL, strerror(errno));
96 		return;
97 	}
98 	if (devnull == STDERR_FILENO)
99 		return;
100 	if (dup2(devnull, STDERR_FILENO) == -1)
101 		error("Cannot redirect stderr to %s", _PATH_DEVNULL);
102 	if (devnull > STDERR_FILENO)
103 		close(devnull);
104 }
105 
106 /*
107  * Connect to the given ssh server using a proxy command that passes a
108  * a connected fd back to us.
109  */
110 static int
111 ssh_proxy_fdpass_connect(struct ssh *ssh, const char *host, u_short port,
112     const char *proxy_command)
113 {
114 	char *command_string;
115 	int sp[2], sock;
116 	pid_t pid;
117 	char *shell;
118 
119 	if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL)
120 		shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
121 
122 	if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sp) < 0)
123 		fatal("Could not create socketpair to communicate with "
124 		    "proxy dialer: %.100s", strerror(errno));
125 
126 	command_string = expand_proxy_command(proxy_command, options.user,
127 	    host, port);
128 	debug("Executing proxy dialer command: %.500s", command_string);
129 
130 	/* Fork and execute the proxy command. */
131 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
132 		char *argv[10];
133 
134 		close(sp[1]);
135 		/* Redirect stdin and stdout. */
136 		if (sp[0] != 0) {
137 			if (dup2(sp[0], 0) < 0)
138 				perror("dup2 stdin");
139 		}
140 		if (sp[0] != 1) {
141 			if (dup2(sp[0], 1) < 0)
142 				perror("dup2 stdout");
143 		}
144 		if (sp[0] >= 2)
145 			close(sp[0]);
146 
147 		/*
148 		 * Stderr is left for non-ControlPersist connections is so
149 		 * error messages may be printed on the user's terminal.
150 		 */
151 		if (!debug_flag && options.control_path != NULL &&
152 		    options.control_persist)
153 			stderr_null();
154 
155 		argv[0] = shell;
156 		argv[1] = "-c";
157 		argv[2] = command_string;
158 		argv[3] = NULL;
159 
160 		/*
161 		 * Execute the proxy command.
162 		 * Note that we gave up any extra privileges above.
163 		 */
164 		execv(argv[0], argv);
165 		perror(argv[0]);
166 		exit(1);
167 	}
168 	/* Parent. */
169 	if (pid < 0)
170 		fatal("fork failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
171 	close(sp[0]);
172 	free(command_string);
173 
174 	if ((sock = mm_receive_fd(sp[1])) == -1)
175 		fatal("proxy dialer did not pass back a connection");
176 	close(sp[1]);
177 
178 	while (waitpid(pid, NULL, 0) == -1)
179 		if (errno != EINTR)
180 			fatal("Couldn't wait for child: %s", strerror(errno));
181 
182 	/* Set the connection file descriptors. */
183 	if (ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, sock, sock) == NULL)
184 		return -1; /* ssh_packet_set_connection logs error */
185 
186 	return 0;
187 }
188 
189 /*
190  * Connect to the given ssh server using a proxy command.
191  */
192 static int
193 ssh_proxy_connect(struct ssh *ssh, const char *host, u_short port,
194     const char *proxy_command)
195 {
196 	char *command_string;
197 	int pin[2], pout[2];
198 	pid_t pid;
199 	char *shell;
200 
201 	if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL || *shell == '\0')
202 		shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
203 
204 	/* Create pipes for communicating with the proxy. */
205 	if (pipe(pin) < 0 || pipe(pout) < 0)
206 		fatal("Could not create pipes to communicate with the proxy: %.100s",
207 		    strerror(errno));
208 
209 	command_string = expand_proxy_command(proxy_command, options.user,
210 	    host, port);
211 	debug("Executing proxy command: %.500s", command_string);
212 
213 	/* Fork and execute the proxy command. */
214 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
215 		char *argv[10];
216 
217 		/* Redirect stdin and stdout. */
218 		close(pin[1]);
219 		if (pin[0] != 0) {
220 			if (dup2(pin[0], 0) < 0)
221 				perror("dup2 stdin");
222 			close(pin[0]);
223 		}
224 		close(pout[0]);
225 		if (dup2(pout[1], 1) < 0)
226 			perror("dup2 stdout");
227 		/* Cannot be 1 because pin allocated two descriptors. */
228 		close(pout[1]);
229 
230 		/*
231 		 * Stderr is left for non-ControlPersist connections is so
232 		 * error messages may be printed on the user's terminal.
233 		 */
234 		if (!debug_flag && options.control_path != NULL &&
235 		    options.control_persist)
236 			stderr_null();
237 
238 		argv[0] = shell;
239 		argv[1] = "-c";
240 		argv[2] = command_string;
241 		argv[3] = NULL;
242 
243 		/* Execute the proxy command.  Note that we gave up any
244 		   extra privileges above. */
245 		signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
246 		execv(argv[0], argv);
247 		perror(argv[0]);
248 		exit(1);
249 	}
250 	/* Parent. */
251 	if (pid < 0)
252 		fatal("fork failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
253 	else
254 		proxy_command_pid = pid; /* save pid to clean up later */
255 
256 	/* Close child side of the descriptors. */
257 	close(pin[0]);
258 	close(pout[1]);
259 
260 	/* Free the command name. */
261 	free(command_string);
262 
263 	/* Set the connection file descriptors. */
264 	if (ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, pout[0], pin[1]) == NULL)
265 		return -1; /* ssh_packet_set_connection logs error */
266 
267 	return 0;
268 }
269 
270 void
271 ssh_kill_proxy_command(void)
272 {
273 	/*
274 	 * Send SIGHUP to proxy command if used. We don't wait() in
275 	 * case it hangs and instead rely on init to reap the child
276 	 */
277 	if (proxy_command_pid > 1)
278 		kill(proxy_command_pid, SIGHUP);
279 }
280 
281 /*
282  * Search a interface address list (returned from getifaddrs(3)) for an
283  * address that matches the desired address family on the specified interface.
284  * Returns 0 and fills in *resultp and *rlenp on success. Returns -1 on failure.
285  */
286 static int
287 check_ifaddrs(const char *ifname, int af, const struct ifaddrs *ifaddrs,
288     struct sockaddr_storage *resultp, socklen_t *rlenp)
289 {
290 	struct sockaddr_in6 *sa6;
291 	struct sockaddr_in *sa;
292 	struct in6_addr *v6addr;
293 	const struct ifaddrs *ifa;
294 	int allow_local;
295 
296 	/*
297 	 * Prefer addresses that are not loopback or linklocal, but use them
298 	 * if nothing else matches.
299 	 */
300 	for (allow_local = 0; allow_local < 2; allow_local++) {
301 		for (ifa = ifaddrs; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
302 			if (ifa->ifa_addr == NULL || ifa->ifa_name == NULL ||
303 			    (ifa->ifa_flags & IFF_UP) == 0 ||
304 			    ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family != af ||
305 			    strcmp(ifa->ifa_name, options.bind_interface) != 0)
306 				continue;
307 			switch (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family) {
308 			case AF_INET:
309 				sa = (struct sockaddr_in *)ifa->ifa_addr;
310 				if (!allow_local && sa->sin_addr.s_addr ==
311 				    htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK))
312 					continue;
313 				if (*rlenp < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) {
314 					error("%s: v4 addr doesn't fit",
315 					    __func__);
316 					return -1;
317 				}
318 				*rlenp = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
319 				memcpy(resultp, sa, *rlenp);
320 				return 0;
321 			case AF_INET6:
322 				sa6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)ifa->ifa_addr;
323 				v6addr = &sa6->sin6_addr;
324 				if (!allow_local &&
325 				    (IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(v6addr) ||
326 				    IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(v6addr)))
327 					continue;
328 				if (*rlenp < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)) {
329 					error("%s: v6 addr doesn't fit",
330 					    __func__);
331 					return -1;
332 				}
333 				*rlenp = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
334 				memcpy(resultp, sa6, *rlenp);
335 				return 0;
336 			}
337 		}
338 	}
339 	return -1;
340 }
341 
342 /*
343  * Creates a socket for use as the ssh connection.
344  */
345 static int
346 ssh_create_socket(struct addrinfo *ai)
347 {
348 	int sock, r;
349 	struct sockaddr_storage bindaddr;
350 	socklen_t bindaddrlen = 0;
351 	struct addrinfo hints, *res = NULL;
352 	struct ifaddrs *ifaddrs = NULL;
353 	char ntop[NI_MAXHOST];
354 
355 	sock = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol);
356 	if (sock < 0) {
357 		error("socket: %s", strerror(errno));
358 		return -1;
359 	}
360 	fcntl(sock, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
361 
362 	/* Bind the socket to an alternative local IP address */
363 	if (options.bind_address == NULL && options.bind_interface == NULL)
364 		return sock;
365 
366 	if (options.bind_address != NULL) {
367 		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
368 		hints.ai_family = ai->ai_family;
369 		hints.ai_socktype = ai->ai_socktype;
370 		hints.ai_protocol = ai->ai_protocol;
371 		hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
372 		if ((r = getaddrinfo(options.bind_address, NULL,
373 		    &hints, &res)) != 0) {
374 			error("getaddrinfo: %s: %s", options.bind_address,
375 			    ssh_gai_strerror(r));
376 			goto fail;
377 		}
378 		if (res == NULL) {
379 			error("getaddrinfo: no addrs");
380 			goto fail;
381 		}
382 		memcpy(&bindaddr, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
383 		bindaddrlen = res->ai_addrlen;
384 	} else if (options.bind_interface != NULL) {
385 		if ((r = getifaddrs(&ifaddrs)) != 0) {
386 			error("getifaddrs: %s: %s", options.bind_interface,
387 			      strerror(errno));
388 			goto fail;
389 		}
390 		bindaddrlen = sizeof(bindaddr);
391 		if (check_ifaddrs(options.bind_interface, ai->ai_family,
392 		    ifaddrs, &bindaddr, &bindaddrlen) != 0) {
393 			logit("getifaddrs: %s: no suitable addresses",
394 			      options.bind_interface);
395 			goto fail;
396 		}
397 	}
398 	if ((r = getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&bindaddr, bindaddrlen,
399 	    ntop, sizeof(ntop), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) != 0) {
400 		error("%s: getnameinfo failed: %s", __func__,
401 		    ssh_gai_strerror(r));
402 		goto fail;
403 	}
404 	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&bindaddr, bindaddrlen) != 0) {
405 		error("bind %s: %s", ntop, strerror(errno));
406 		goto fail;
407 	}
408 	debug("%s: bound to %s", __func__, ntop);
409 	/* success */
410 	goto out;
411 fail:
412 	close(sock);
413 	sock = -1;
414  out:
415 	if (res != NULL)
416 		freeaddrinfo(res);
417 	if (ifaddrs != NULL)
418 		freeifaddrs(ifaddrs);
419 	return sock;
420 }
421 
422 /*
423  * Opens a TCP/IP connection to the remote server on the given host.
424  * The address of the remote host will be returned in hostaddr.
425  * If port is 0, the default port will be used.
426  * Connection_attempts specifies the maximum number of tries (one per
427  * second).  If proxy_command is non-NULL, it specifies the command (with %h
428  * and %p substituted for host and port, respectively) to use to contact
429  * the daemon.
430  */
431 static int
432 ssh_connect_direct(struct ssh *ssh, const char *host, struct addrinfo *aitop,
433     struct sockaddr_storage *hostaddr, u_short port, int family,
434     int connection_attempts, int *timeout_ms, int want_keepalive)
435 {
436 	int on = 1;
437 	int oerrno, sock = -1, attempt;
438 	char ntop[NI_MAXHOST], strport[NI_MAXSERV];
439 	struct addrinfo *ai;
440 
441 	debug2("%s", __func__);
442 	memset(ntop, 0, sizeof(ntop));
443 	memset(strport, 0, sizeof(strport));
444 
445 	for (attempt = 0; attempt < connection_attempts; attempt++) {
446 		if (attempt > 0) {
447 			/* Sleep a moment before retrying. */
448 			sleep(1);
449 			debug("Trying again...");
450 		}
451 		/*
452 		 * Loop through addresses for this host, and try each one in
453 		 * sequence until the connection succeeds.
454 		 */
455 		for (ai = aitop; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) {
456 			if (ai->ai_family != AF_INET &&
457 			    ai->ai_family != AF_INET6) {
458 				errno = EAFNOSUPPORT;
459 				continue;
460 			}
461 			if (getnameinfo(ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen,
462 			    ntop, sizeof(ntop), strport, sizeof(strport),
463 			    NI_NUMERICHOST|NI_NUMERICSERV) != 0) {
464 				oerrno = errno;
465 				error("%s: getnameinfo failed", __func__);
466 				errno = oerrno;
467 				continue;
468 			}
469 			debug("Connecting to %.200s [%.100s] port %s.",
470 				host, ntop, strport);
471 
472 			/* Create a socket for connecting. */
473 			sock = ssh_create_socket(ai);
474 			if (sock < 0) {
475 				/* Any error is already output */
476 				errno = 0;
477 				continue;
478 			}
479 
480 			if (timeout_connect(sock, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen,
481 			    timeout_ms) >= 0) {
482 				/* Successful connection. */
483 				memcpy(hostaddr, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen);
484 				break;
485 			} else {
486 				oerrno = errno;
487 				debug("connect to address %s port %s: %s",
488 				    ntop, strport, strerror(errno));
489 				close(sock);
490 				sock = -1;
491 				errno = oerrno;
492 			}
493 		}
494 		if (sock != -1)
495 			break;	/* Successful connection. */
496 	}
497 
498 	/* Return failure if we didn't get a successful connection. */
499 	if (sock == -1) {
500 		error("ssh: connect to host %s port %s: %s",
501 		    host, strport, errno == 0 ? "failure" : strerror(errno));
502 		return -1;
503 	}
504 
505 	debug("Connection established.");
506 
507 	/* Set SO_KEEPALIVE if requested. */
508 	if (want_keepalive &&
509 	    setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, (void *)&on,
510 	    sizeof(on)) < 0)
511 		error("setsockopt SO_KEEPALIVE: %.100s", strerror(errno));
512 
513 	/* Set the connection. */
514 	if (ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, sock, sock) == NULL)
515 		return -1; /* ssh_packet_set_connection logs error */
516 
517         return 0;
518 }
519 
520 int
521 ssh_connect(struct ssh *ssh, const char *host, struct addrinfo *addrs,
522     struct sockaddr_storage *hostaddr, u_short port, int family,
523     int connection_attempts, int *timeout_ms, int want_keepalive)
524 {
525 	if (options.proxy_command == NULL) {
526 		return ssh_connect_direct(ssh, host, addrs, hostaddr, port,
527 		    family, connection_attempts, timeout_ms, want_keepalive);
528 	} else if (strcmp(options.proxy_command, "-") == 0) {
529 		if ((ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh,
530 		    STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO)) == NULL)
531 			return -1; /* ssh_packet_set_connection logs error */
532 		return 0;
533 	} else if (options.proxy_use_fdpass) {
534 		return ssh_proxy_fdpass_connect(ssh, host, port,
535 		    options.proxy_command);
536 	}
537 	return ssh_proxy_connect(ssh, host, port, options.proxy_command);
538 }
539 
540 /* defaults to 'no' */
541 static int
542 confirm(const char *prompt, const char *fingerprint)
543 {
544 	const char *msg, *again = "Please type 'yes' or 'no': ";
545 	const char *again_fp = "Please type 'yes', 'no' or the fingerprint: ";
546 	char *p;
547 	int ret = -1;
548 
549 	if (options.batch_mode)
550 		return 0;
551 	for (msg = prompt;;msg = fingerprint ? again_fp : again) {
552 		p = read_passphrase(msg, RP_ECHO);
553 		if (p == NULL)
554 			return 0;
555 		p[strcspn(p, "\n")] = '\0';
556 		if (p[0] == '\0' || strcasecmp(p, "no") == 0)
557 			ret = 0;
558 		else if (strcasecmp(p, "yes") == 0 || (fingerprint != NULL &&
559 		    strcasecmp(p, fingerprint) == 0))
560 			ret = 1;
561 		free(p);
562 		if (ret != -1)
563 			return ret;
564 	}
565 }
566 
567 static int
568 check_host_cert(const char *host, const struct sshkey *key)
569 {
570 	const char *reason;
571 	int r;
572 
573 	if (sshkey_cert_check_authority(key, 1, 0, host, &reason) != 0) {
574 		error("%s", reason);
575 		return 0;
576 	}
577 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) != 0) {
578 		error("Certificate for %s contains unsupported "
579 		    "critical options(s)", host);
580 		return 0;
581 	}
582 	if ((r = sshkey_check_cert_sigtype(key,
583 	    options.ca_sign_algorithms)) != 0) {
584 		logit("%s: certificate signature algorithm %s: %s", __func__,
585 		    (key->cert == NULL || key->cert->signature_type == NULL) ?
586 		    "(null)" : key->cert->signature_type, ssh_err(r));
587 		return 0;
588 	}
589 
590 	return 1;
591 }
592 
593 static int
594 sockaddr_is_local(struct sockaddr *hostaddr)
595 {
596 	switch (hostaddr->sa_family) {
597 	case AF_INET:
598 		return (ntohl(((struct sockaddr_in *)hostaddr)->
599 		    sin_addr.s_addr) >> 24) == IN_LOOPBACKNET;
600 	case AF_INET6:
601 		return IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(
602 		    &(((struct sockaddr_in6 *)hostaddr)->sin6_addr));
603 	default:
604 		return 0;
605 	}
606 }
607 
608 /*
609  * Prepare the hostname and ip address strings that are used to lookup
610  * host keys in known_hosts files. These may have a port number appended.
611  */
612 void
613 get_hostfile_hostname_ipaddr(char *hostname, struct sockaddr *hostaddr,
614     u_short port, char **hostfile_hostname, char **hostfile_ipaddr)
615 {
616 	char ntop[NI_MAXHOST];
617 
618 	/*
619 	 * We don't have the remote ip-address for connections
620 	 * using a proxy command
621 	 */
622 	if (hostfile_ipaddr != NULL) {
623 		if (options.proxy_command == NULL) {
624 			if (getnameinfo(hostaddr, hostaddr->sa_len,
625 			    ntop, sizeof(ntop), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
626 			fatal("%s: getnameinfo failed", __func__);
627 			*hostfile_ipaddr = put_host_port(ntop, port);
628 		} else {
629 			*hostfile_ipaddr = xstrdup("<no hostip for proxy "
630 			    "command>");
631 		}
632 	}
633 
634 	/*
635 	 * Allow the user to record the key under a different name or
636 	 * differentiate a non-standard port.  This is useful for ssh
637 	 * tunneling over forwarded connections or if you run multiple
638 	 * sshd's on different ports on the same machine.
639 	 */
640 	if (hostfile_hostname != NULL) {
641 		if (options.host_key_alias != NULL) {
642 			*hostfile_hostname = xstrdup(options.host_key_alias);
643 			debug("using hostkeyalias: %s", *hostfile_hostname);
644 		} else {
645 			*hostfile_hostname = put_host_port(hostname, port);
646 		}
647 	}
648 }
649 
650 /*
651  * check whether the supplied host key is valid, return -1 if the key
652  * is not valid. user_hostfile[0] will not be updated if 'readonly' is true.
653  */
654 #define RDRW	0
655 #define RDONLY	1
656 #define ROQUIET	2
657 static int
658 check_host_key(char *hostname, struct sockaddr *hostaddr, u_short port,
659     struct sshkey *host_key, int readonly,
660     char **user_hostfiles, u_int num_user_hostfiles,
661     char **system_hostfiles, u_int num_system_hostfiles)
662 {
663 	HostStatus host_status;
664 	HostStatus ip_status;
665 	struct sshkey *raw_key = NULL;
666 	char *ip = NULL, *host = NULL;
667 	char hostline[1000], *hostp, *fp, *ra;
668 	char msg[1024];
669 	const char *type;
670 	const struct hostkey_entry *host_found, *ip_found;
671 	int len, cancelled_forwarding = 0, confirmed;
672 	int local = sockaddr_is_local(hostaddr);
673 	int r, want_cert = sshkey_is_cert(host_key), host_ip_differ = 0;
674 	int hostkey_trusted = 0; /* Known or explicitly accepted by user */
675 	struct hostkeys *host_hostkeys, *ip_hostkeys;
676 	u_int i;
677 
678 	/*
679 	 * Force accepting of the host key for loopback/localhost. The
680 	 * problem is that if the home directory is NFS-mounted to multiple
681 	 * machines, localhost will refer to a different machine in each of
682 	 * them, and the user will get bogus HOST_CHANGED warnings.  This
683 	 * essentially disables host authentication for localhost; however,
684 	 * this is probably not a real problem.
685 	 */
686 	if (options.no_host_authentication_for_localhost == 1 && local &&
687 	    options.host_key_alias == NULL) {
688 		debug("Forcing accepting of host key for "
689 		    "loopback/localhost.");
690 		return 0;
691 	}
692 
693 	/*
694 	 * Prepare the hostname and address strings used for hostkey lookup.
695 	 * In some cases, these will have a port number appended.
696 	 */
697 	get_hostfile_hostname_ipaddr(hostname, hostaddr, port, &host, &ip);
698 
699 	/*
700 	 * Turn off check_host_ip if the connection is to localhost, via proxy
701 	 * command or if we don't have a hostname to compare with
702 	 */
703 	if (options.check_host_ip && (local ||
704 	    strcmp(hostname, ip) == 0 || options.proxy_command != NULL))
705 		options.check_host_ip = 0;
706 
707 	host_hostkeys = init_hostkeys();
708 	for (i = 0; i < num_user_hostfiles; i++)
709 		load_hostkeys(host_hostkeys, host, user_hostfiles[i]);
710 	for (i = 0; i < num_system_hostfiles; i++)
711 		load_hostkeys(host_hostkeys, host, system_hostfiles[i]);
712 
713 	ip_hostkeys = NULL;
714 	if (!want_cert && options.check_host_ip) {
715 		ip_hostkeys = init_hostkeys();
716 		for (i = 0; i < num_user_hostfiles; i++)
717 			load_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys, ip, user_hostfiles[i]);
718 		for (i = 0; i < num_system_hostfiles; i++)
719 			load_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys, ip, system_hostfiles[i]);
720 	}
721 
722  retry:
723 	/* Reload these as they may have changed on cert->key downgrade */
724 	want_cert = sshkey_is_cert(host_key);
725 	type = sshkey_type(host_key);
726 
727 	/*
728 	 * Check if the host key is present in the user's list of known
729 	 * hosts or in the systemwide list.
730 	 */
731 	host_status = check_key_in_hostkeys(host_hostkeys, host_key,
732 	    &host_found);
733 
734 	/*
735 	 * Also perform check for the ip address, skip the check if we are
736 	 * localhost, looking for a certificate, or the hostname was an ip
737 	 * address to begin with.
738 	 */
739 	if (!want_cert && ip_hostkeys != NULL) {
740 		ip_status = check_key_in_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys, host_key,
741 		    &ip_found);
742 		if (host_status == HOST_CHANGED &&
743 		    (ip_status != HOST_CHANGED ||
744 		    (ip_found != NULL &&
745 		    !sshkey_equal(ip_found->key, host_found->key))))
746 			host_ip_differ = 1;
747 	} else
748 		ip_status = host_status;
749 
750 	switch (host_status) {
751 	case HOST_OK:
752 		/* The host is known and the key matches. */
753 		debug("Host '%.200s' is known and matches the %s host %s.",
754 		    host, type, want_cert ? "certificate" : "key");
755 		debug("Found %s in %s:%lu", want_cert ? "CA key" : "key",
756 		    host_found->file, host_found->line);
757 		if (want_cert &&
758 		    !check_host_cert(options.host_key_alias == NULL ?
759 		    hostname : options.host_key_alias, host_key))
760 			goto fail;
761 		if (options.check_host_ip && ip_status == HOST_NEW) {
762 			if (readonly || want_cert)
763 				logit("%s host key for IP address "
764 				    "'%.128s' not in list of known hosts.",
765 				    type, ip);
766 			else if (!add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0], ip,
767 			    host_key, options.hash_known_hosts))
768 				logit("Failed to add the %s host key for IP "
769 				    "address '%.128s' to the list of known "
770 				    "hosts (%.500s).", type, ip,
771 				    user_hostfiles[0]);
772 			else
773 				logit("Warning: Permanently added the %s host "
774 				    "key for IP address '%.128s' to the list "
775 				    "of known hosts.", type, ip);
776 		} else if (options.visual_host_key) {
777 			fp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key,
778 			    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
779 			ra = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key,
780 			    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
781 			if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
782 				fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
783 			logit("Host key fingerprint is %s\n%s", fp, ra);
784 			free(ra);
785 			free(fp);
786 		}
787 		hostkey_trusted = 1;
788 		break;
789 	case HOST_NEW:
790 		if (options.host_key_alias == NULL && port != 0 &&
791 		    port != SSH_DEFAULT_PORT) {
792 			debug("checking without port identifier");
793 			if (check_host_key(hostname, hostaddr, 0, host_key,
794 			    ROQUIET, user_hostfiles, num_user_hostfiles,
795 			    system_hostfiles, num_system_hostfiles) == 0) {
796 				debug("found matching key w/out port");
797 				break;
798 			}
799 		}
800 		if (readonly || want_cert)
801 			goto fail;
802 		/* The host is new. */
803 		if (options.strict_host_key_checking ==
804 		    SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_YES) {
805 			/*
806 			 * User has requested strict host key checking.  We
807 			 * will not add the host key automatically.  The only
808 			 * alternative left is to abort.
809 			 */
810 			error("No %s host key is known for %.200s and you "
811 			    "have requested strict checking.", type, host);
812 			goto fail;
813 		} else if (options.strict_host_key_checking ==
814 		    SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_ASK) {
815 			char msg1[1024], msg2[1024];
816 
817 			if (show_other_keys(host_hostkeys, host_key))
818 				snprintf(msg1, sizeof(msg1),
819 				    "\nbut keys of different type are already"
820 				    " known for this host.");
821 			else
822 				snprintf(msg1, sizeof(msg1), ".");
823 			/* The default */
824 			fp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key,
825 			    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
826 			ra = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key,
827 			    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
828 			if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
829 				fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
830 			msg2[0] = '\0';
831 			if (options.verify_host_key_dns) {
832 				if (matching_host_key_dns)
833 					snprintf(msg2, sizeof(msg2),
834 					    "Matching host key fingerprint"
835 					    " found in DNS.\n");
836 				else
837 					snprintf(msg2, sizeof(msg2),
838 					    "No matching host key fingerprint"
839 					    " found in DNS.\n");
840 			}
841 			snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
842 			    "The authenticity of host '%.200s (%s)' can't be "
843 			    "established%s\n"
844 			    "%s key fingerprint is %s.%s%s\n%s"
845 			    "Are you sure you want to continue connecting "
846 			    "(yes/no/[fingerprint])? ",
847 			    host, ip, msg1, type, fp,
848 			    options.visual_host_key ? "\n" : "",
849 			    options.visual_host_key ? ra : "",
850 			    msg2);
851 			free(ra);
852 			confirmed = confirm(msg, fp);
853 			free(fp);
854 			if (!confirmed)
855 				goto fail;
856 			hostkey_trusted = 1; /* user explicitly confirmed */
857 		}
858 		/*
859 		 * If in "new" or "off" strict mode, add the key automatically
860 		 * to the local known_hosts file.
861 		 */
862 		if (options.check_host_ip && ip_status == HOST_NEW) {
863 			snprintf(hostline, sizeof(hostline), "%s,%s", host, ip);
864 			hostp = hostline;
865 			if (options.hash_known_hosts) {
866 				/* Add hash of host and IP separately */
867 				r = add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0],
868 				    host, host_key, options.hash_known_hosts) &&
869 				    add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0], ip,
870 				    host_key, options.hash_known_hosts);
871 			} else {
872 				/* Add unhashed "host,ip" */
873 				r = add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0],
874 				    hostline, host_key,
875 				    options.hash_known_hosts);
876 			}
877 		} else {
878 			r = add_host_to_hostfile(user_hostfiles[0], host,
879 			    host_key, options.hash_known_hosts);
880 			hostp = host;
881 		}
882 
883 		if (!r)
884 			logit("Failed to add the host to the list of known "
885 			    "hosts (%.500s).", user_hostfiles[0]);
886 		else
887 			logit("Warning: Permanently added '%.200s' (%s) to the "
888 			    "list of known hosts.", hostp, type);
889 		break;
890 	case HOST_REVOKED:
891 		error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
892 		error("@       WARNING: REVOKED HOST KEY DETECTED!               @");
893 		error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
894 		error("The %s host key for %s is marked as revoked.", type, host);
895 		error("This could mean that a stolen key is being used to");
896 		error("impersonate this host.");
897 
898 		/*
899 		 * If strict host key checking is in use, the user will have
900 		 * to edit the key manually and we can only abort.
901 		 */
902 		if (options.strict_host_key_checking !=
903 		    SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_OFF) {
904 			error("%s host key for %.200s was revoked and you have "
905 			    "requested strict checking.", type, host);
906 			goto fail;
907 		}
908 		goto continue_unsafe;
909 
910 	case HOST_CHANGED:
911 		if (want_cert) {
912 			/*
913 			 * This is only a debug() since it is valid to have
914 			 * CAs with wildcard DNS matches that don't match
915 			 * all hosts that one might visit.
916 			 */
917 			debug("Host certificate authority does not "
918 			    "match %s in %s:%lu", CA_MARKER,
919 			    host_found->file, host_found->line);
920 			goto fail;
921 		}
922 		if (readonly == ROQUIET)
923 			goto fail;
924 		if (options.check_host_ip && host_ip_differ) {
925 			char *key_msg;
926 			if (ip_status == HOST_NEW)
927 				key_msg = "is unknown";
928 			else if (ip_status == HOST_OK)
929 				key_msg = "is unchanged";
930 			else
931 				key_msg = "has a different value";
932 			error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
933 			error("@       WARNING: POSSIBLE DNS SPOOFING DETECTED!          @");
934 			error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
935 			error("The %s host key for %s has changed,", type, host);
936 			error("and the key for the corresponding IP address %s", ip);
937 			error("%s. This could either mean that", key_msg);
938 			error("DNS SPOOFING is happening or the IP address for the host");
939 			error("and its host key have changed at the same time.");
940 			if (ip_status != HOST_NEW)
941 				error("Offending key for IP in %s:%lu",
942 				    ip_found->file, ip_found->line);
943 		}
944 		/* The host key has changed. */
945 		warn_changed_key(host_key);
946 		error("Add correct host key in %.100s to get rid of this message.",
947 		    user_hostfiles[0]);
948 		error("Offending %s key in %s:%lu",
949 		    sshkey_type(host_found->key),
950 		    host_found->file, host_found->line);
951 
952 		/*
953 		 * If strict host key checking is in use, the user will have
954 		 * to edit the key manually and we can only abort.
955 		 */
956 		if (options.strict_host_key_checking !=
957 		    SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_OFF) {
958 			error("%s host key for %.200s has changed and you have "
959 			    "requested strict checking.", type, host);
960 			goto fail;
961 		}
962 
963  continue_unsafe:
964 		/*
965 		 * If strict host key checking has not been requested, allow
966 		 * the connection but without MITM-able authentication or
967 		 * forwarding.
968 		 */
969 		if (options.password_authentication) {
970 			error("Password authentication is disabled to avoid "
971 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
972 			options.password_authentication = 0;
973 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
974 		}
975 		if (options.kbd_interactive_authentication) {
976 			error("Keyboard-interactive authentication is disabled"
977 			    " to avoid man-in-the-middle attacks.");
978 			options.kbd_interactive_authentication = 0;
979 			options.challenge_response_authentication = 0;
980 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
981 		}
982 		if (options.challenge_response_authentication) {
983 			error("Challenge/response authentication is disabled"
984 			    " to avoid man-in-the-middle attacks.");
985 			options.challenge_response_authentication = 0;
986 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
987 		}
988 		if (options.forward_agent) {
989 			error("Agent forwarding is disabled to avoid "
990 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
991 			options.forward_agent = 0;
992 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
993 		}
994 		if (options.forward_x11) {
995 			error("X11 forwarding is disabled to avoid "
996 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
997 			options.forward_x11 = 0;
998 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
999 		}
1000 		if (options.num_local_forwards > 0 ||
1001 		    options.num_remote_forwards > 0) {
1002 			error("Port forwarding is disabled to avoid "
1003 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
1004 			options.num_local_forwards =
1005 			    options.num_remote_forwards = 0;
1006 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
1007 		}
1008 		if (options.tun_open != SSH_TUNMODE_NO) {
1009 			error("Tunnel forwarding is disabled to avoid "
1010 			    "man-in-the-middle attacks.");
1011 			options.tun_open = SSH_TUNMODE_NO;
1012 			cancelled_forwarding = 1;
1013 		}
1014 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure && cancelled_forwarding)
1015 			fatal("Error: forwarding disabled due to host key "
1016 			    "check failure");
1017 
1018 		/*
1019 		 * XXX Should permit the user to change to use the new id.
1020 		 * This could be done by converting the host key to an
1021 		 * identifying sentence, tell that the host identifies itself
1022 		 * by that sentence, and ask the user if he/she wishes to
1023 		 * accept the authentication.
1024 		 */
1025 		break;
1026 	case HOST_FOUND:
1027 		fatal("internal error");
1028 		break;
1029 	}
1030 
1031 	if (options.check_host_ip && host_status != HOST_CHANGED &&
1032 	    ip_status == HOST_CHANGED) {
1033 		snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
1034 		    "Warning: the %s host key for '%.200s' "
1035 		    "differs from the key for the IP address '%.128s'"
1036 		    "\nOffending key for IP in %s:%lu",
1037 		    type, host, ip, ip_found->file, ip_found->line);
1038 		if (host_status == HOST_OK) {
1039 			len = strlen(msg);
1040 			snprintf(msg + len, sizeof(msg) - len,
1041 			    "\nMatching host key in %s:%lu",
1042 			    host_found->file, host_found->line);
1043 		}
1044 		if (options.strict_host_key_checking ==
1045 		    SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_ASK) {
1046 			strlcat(msg, "\nAre you sure you want "
1047 			    "to continue connecting (yes/no)? ", sizeof(msg));
1048 			if (!confirm(msg, NULL))
1049 				goto fail;
1050 		} else if (options.strict_host_key_checking !=
1051 		    SSH_STRICT_HOSTKEY_OFF) {
1052 			logit("%s", msg);
1053 			error("Exiting, you have requested strict checking.");
1054 			goto fail;
1055 		} else {
1056 			logit("%s", msg);
1057 		}
1058 	}
1059 
1060 	if (!hostkey_trusted && options.update_hostkeys) {
1061 		debug("%s: hostkey not known or explicitly trusted: "
1062 		    "disabling UpdateHostkeys", __func__);
1063 		options.update_hostkeys = 0;
1064 	}
1065 
1066 	free(ip);
1067 	free(host);
1068 	if (host_hostkeys != NULL)
1069 		free_hostkeys(host_hostkeys);
1070 	if (ip_hostkeys != NULL)
1071 		free_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys);
1072 	return 0;
1073 
1074 fail:
1075 	if (want_cert && host_status != HOST_REVOKED) {
1076 		/*
1077 		 * No matching certificate. Downgrade cert to raw key and
1078 		 * search normally.
1079 		 */
1080 		debug("No matching CA found. Retry with plain key");
1081 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(host_key, &raw_key)) != 0)
1082 			fatal("%s: sshkey_from_private: %s",
1083 			    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1084 		if ((r = sshkey_drop_cert(raw_key)) != 0)
1085 			fatal("Couldn't drop certificate: %s", ssh_err(r));
1086 		host_key = raw_key;
1087 		goto retry;
1088 	}
1089 	sshkey_free(raw_key);
1090 	free(ip);
1091 	free(host);
1092 	if (host_hostkeys != NULL)
1093 		free_hostkeys(host_hostkeys);
1094 	if (ip_hostkeys != NULL)
1095 		free_hostkeys(ip_hostkeys);
1096 	return -1;
1097 }
1098 
1099 /* returns 0 if key verifies or -1 if key does NOT verify */
1100 int
1101 verify_host_key(char *host, struct sockaddr *hostaddr, struct sshkey *host_key)
1102 {
1103 	u_int i;
1104 	int r = -1, flags = 0;
1105 	char valid[64], *fp = NULL, *cafp = NULL;
1106 	struct sshkey *plain = NULL;
1107 
1108 	if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key,
1109 	    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) {
1110 		error("%s: fingerprint host key: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1111 		r = -1;
1112 		goto out;
1113 	}
1114 
1115 	if (sshkey_is_cert(host_key)) {
1116 		if ((cafp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key->cert->signature_key,
1117 		    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) {
1118 			error("%s: fingerprint CA key: %s",
1119 			    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1120 			r = -1;
1121 			goto out;
1122 		}
1123 		sshkey_format_cert_validity(host_key->cert,
1124 		    valid, sizeof(valid));
1125 		debug("Server host certificate: %s %s, serial %llu "
1126 		    "ID \"%s\" CA %s %s valid %s",
1127 		    sshkey_ssh_name(host_key), fp,
1128 		    (unsigned long long)host_key->cert->serial,
1129 		    host_key->cert->key_id,
1130 		    sshkey_ssh_name(host_key->cert->signature_key), cafp,
1131 		    valid);
1132 		for (i = 0; i < host_key->cert->nprincipals; i++) {
1133 			debug2("Server host certificate hostname: %s",
1134 			    host_key->cert->principals[i]);
1135 		}
1136 	} else {
1137 		debug("Server host key: %s %s", sshkey_ssh_name(host_key), fp);
1138 	}
1139 
1140 	if (sshkey_equal(previous_host_key, host_key)) {
1141 		debug2("%s: server host key %s %s matches cached key",
1142 		    __func__, sshkey_type(host_key), fp);
1143 		r = 0;
1144 		goto out;
1145 	}
1146 
1147 	/* Check in RevokedHostKeys file if specified */
1148 	if (options.revoked_host_keys != NULL) {
1149 		r = sshkey_check_revoked(host_key, options.revoked_host_keys);
1150 		switch (r) {
1151 		case 0:
1152 			break; /* not revoked */
1153 		case SSH_ERR_KEY_REVOKED:
1154 			error("Host key %s %s revoked by file %s",
1155 			    sshkey_type(host_key), fp,
1156 			    options.revoked_host_keys);
1157 			r = -1;
1158 			goto out;
1159 		default:
1160 			error("Error checking host key %s %s in "
1161 			    "revoked keys file %s: %s", sshkey_type(host_key),
1162 			    fp, options.revoked_host_keys, ssh_err(r));
1163 			r = -1;
1164 			goto out;
1165 		}
1166 	}
1167 
1168 	if (options.verify_host_key_dns) {
1169 		/*
1170 		 * XXX certs are not yet supported for DNS, so downgrade
1171 		 * them and try the plain key.
1172 		 */
1173 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(host_key, &plain)) != 0)
1174 			goto out;
1175 		if (sshkey_is_cert(plain))
1176 			sshkey_drop_cert(plain);
1177 		if (verify_host_key_dns(host, hostaddr, plain, &flags) == 0) {
1178 			if (flags & DNS_VERIFY_FOUND) {
1179 				if (options.verify_host_key_dns == 1 &&
1180 				    flags & DNS_VERIFY_MATCH &&
1181 				    flags & DNS_VERIFY_SECURE) {
1182 					r = 0;
1183 					goto out;
1184 				}
1185 				if (flags & DNS_VERIFY_MATCH) {
1186 					matching_host_key_dns = 1;
1187 				} else {
1188 					warn_changed_key(plain);
1189 					error("Update the SSHFP RR in DNS "
1190 					    "with the new host key to get rid "
1191 					    "of this message.");
1192 				}
1193 			}
1194 		}
1195 	}
1196 	r = check_host_key(host, hostaddr, options.port, host_key, RDRW,
1197 	    options.user_hostfiles, options.num_user_hostfiles,
1198 	    options.system_hostfiles, options.num_system_hostfiles);
1199 
1200 out:
1201 	sshkey_free(plain);
1202 	free(fp);
1203 	free(cafp);
1204 	if (r == 0 && host_key != NULL) {
1205 		sshkey_free(previous_host_key);
1206 		r = sshkey_from_private(host_key, &previous_host_key);
1207 	}
1208 
1209 	return r;
1210 }
1211 
1212 /*
1213  * Starts a dialog with the server, and authenticates the current user on the
1214  * server.  This does not need any extra privileges.  The basic connection
1215  * to the server must already have been established before this is called.
1216  * If login fails, this function prints an error and never returns.
1217  * This function does not require super-user privileges.
1218  */
1219 void
1220 ssh_login(struct ssh *ssh, Sensitive *sensitive, const char *orighost,
1221     struct sockaddr *hostaddr, u_short port, struct passwd *pw, int timeout_ms)
1222 {
1223 	char *host;
1224 	char *server_user, *local_user;
1225 
1226 	local_user = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
1227 	server_user = options.user ? options.user : local_user;
1228 
1229 	/* Convert the user-supplied hostname into all lowercase. */
1230 	host = xstrdup(orighost);
1231 	lowercase(host);
1232 
1233 	/* Exchange protocol version identification strings with the server. */
1234 	if (kex_exchange_identification(ssh, timeout_ms, NULL) != 0)
1235 		cleanup_exit(255); /* error already logged */
1236 
1237 	/* Put the connection into non-blocking mode. */
1238 	ssh_packet_set_nonblocking(ssh);
1239 
1240 	/* key exchange */
1241 	/* authenticate user */
1242 	debug("Authenticating to %s:%d as '%s'", host, port, server_user);
1243 	ssh_kex2(ssh, host, hostaddr, port);
1244 	ssh_userauth2(ssh, local_user, server_user, host, sensitive);
1245 	free(local_user);
1246 }
1247 
1248 /* print all known host keys for a given host, but skip keys of given type */
1249 static int
1250 show_other_keys(struct hostkeys *hostkeys, struct sshkey *key)
1251 {
1252 	int type[] = {
1253 		KEY_RSA,
1254 		KEY_DSA,
1255 		KEY_ECDSA,
1256 		KEY_ED25519,
1257 		KEY_XMSS,
1258 		-1
1259 	};
1260 	int i, ret = 0;
1261 	char *fp, *ra;
1262 	const struct hostkey_entry *found;
1263 
1264 	for (i = 0; type[i] != -1; i++) {
1265 		if (type[i] == key->type)
1266 			continue;
1267 		if (!lookup_key_in_hostkeys_by_type(hostkeys, type[i], &found))
1268 			continue;
1269 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(found->key,
1270 		    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1271 		ra = sshkey_fingerprint(found->key,
1272 		    options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
1273 		if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
1274 			fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
1275 		logit("WARNING: %s key found for host %s\n"
1276 		    "in %s:%lu\n"
1277 		    "%s key fingerprint %s.",
1278 		    sshkey_type(found->key),
1279 		    found->host, found->file, found->line,
1280 		    sshkey_type(found->key), fp);
1281 		if (options.visual_host_key)
1282 			logit("%s", ra);
1283 		free(ra);
1284 		free(fp);
1285 		ret = 1;
1286 	}
1287 	return ret;
1288 }
1289 
1290 static void
1291 warn_changed_key(struct sshkey *host_key)
1292 {
1293 	char *fp;
1294 
1295 	fp = sshkey_fingerprint(host_key, options.fingerprint_hash,
1296 	    SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1297 	if (fp == NULL)
1298 		fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
1299 
1300 	error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
1301 	error("@    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @");
1302 	error("@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@");
1303 	error("IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!");
1304 	error("Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!");
1305 	error("It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.");
1306 	error("The fingerprint for the %s key sent by the remote host is\n%s.",
1307 	    sshkey_type(host_key), fp);
1308 	error("Please contact your system administrator.");
1309 
1310 	free(fp);
1311 }
1312 
1313 /*
1314  * Execute a local command
1315  */
1316 int
1317 ssh_local_cmd(const char *args)
1318 {
1319 	char *shell;
1320 	pid_t pid;
1321 	int status;
1322 	void (*osighand)(int);
1323 
1324 	if (!options.permit_local_command ||
1325 	    args == NULL || !*args)
1326 		return (1);
1327 
1328 	if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL || *shell == '\0')
1329 		shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
1330 
1331 	osighand = signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
1332 	pid = fork();
1333 	if (pid == 0) {
1334 		signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
1335 		debug3("Executing %s -c \"%s\"", shell, args);
1336 		execl(shell, shell, "-c", args, (char *)NULL);
1337 		error("Couldn't execute %s -c \"%s\": %s",
1338 		    shell, args, strerror(errno));
1339 		_exit(1);
1340 	} else if (pid == -1)
1341 		fatal("fork failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1342 	while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1)
1343 		if (errno != EINTR)
1344 			fatal("Couldn't wait for child: %s", strerror(errno));
1345 	signal(SIGCHLD, osighand);
1346 
1347 	if (!WIFEXITED(status))
1348 		return (1);
1349 
1350 	return (WEXITSTATUS(status));
1351 }
1352 
1353 void
1354 maybe_add_key_to_agent(char *authfile, const struct sshkey *private,
1355     char *comment, char *passphrase)
1356 {
1357 	int auth_sock = -1, r;
1358 
1359 	if (options.add_keys_to_agent == 0)
1360 		return;
1361 
1362 	if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&auth_sock)) != 0) {
1363 		debug3("no authentication agent, not adding key");
1364 		return;
1365 	}
1366 
1367 	if (options.add_keys_to_agent == 2 &&
1368 	    !ask_permission("Add key %s (%s) to agent?", authfile, comment)) {
1369 		debug3("user denied adding this key");
1370 		close(auth_sock);
1371 		return;
1372 	}
1373 
1374 	if ((r = ssh_add_identity_constrained(auth_sock, private, comment, 0,
1375 	    (options.add_keys_to_agent == 3), 0)) == 0)
1376 		debug("identity added to agent: %s", authfile);
1377 	else
1378 		debug("could not add identity to agent: %s (%d)", authfile, r);
1379 	close(auth_sock);
1380 }
1381