xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/ssh.c (revision fb8aa7497fded39583f40e800732f9c046411717)
1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh.c,v 1.442 2016/06/03 04:09:39 dtucker Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Ssh client program.  This program can be used to log into a remote machine.
7  * The software supports strong authentication, encryption, and forwarding
8  * of X11, TCP/IP, and authentication connections.
9  *
10  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
11  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
12  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
13  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
14  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
15  *
16  * Copyright (c) 1999 Niels Provos.  All rights reserved.
17  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
18  *
19  * Modified to work with SSL by Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
20  * in Canada (German citizen).
21  *
22  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
23  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
24  * are met:
25  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
26  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
27  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
28  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
29  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
30  *
31  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
32  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
33  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
34  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
35  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
36  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
37  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
38  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
39  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
40  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
41  */
42 
43 #include <sys/types.h>
44 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
45 #include <sys/queue.h>
46 #include <sys/resource.h>
47 #include <sys/socket.h>
48 #include <sys/stat.h>
49 #include <sys/time.h>
50 #include <sys/wait.h>
51 
52 #include <ctype.h>
53 #include <errno.h>
54 #include <fcntl.h>
55 #include <netdb.h>
56 #include <paths.h>
57 #include <pwd.h>
58 #include <signal.h>
59 #include <stddef.h>
60 #include <stdio.h>
61 #include <stdlib.h>
62 #include <string.h>
63 #include <unistd.h>
64 #include <limits.h>
65 
66 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
67 #include <openssl/evp.h>
68 #include <openssl/err.h>
69 #endif
70 
71 #include "xmalloc.h"
72 #include "ssh.h"
73 #include "ssh1.h"
74 #include "ssh2.h"
75 #include "canohost.h"
76 #include "compat.h"
77 #include "cipher.h"
78 #include "digest.h"
79 #include "packet.h"
80 #include "buffer.h"
81 #include "channels.h"
82 #include "key.h"
83 #include "authfd.h"
84 #include "authfile.h"
85 #include "pathnames.h"
86 #include "dispatch.h"
87 #include "clientloop.h"
88 #include "log.h"
89 #include "misc.h"
90 #include "readconf.h"
91 #include "sshconnect.h"
92 #include "kex.h"
93 #include "mac.h"
94 #include "sshpty.h"
95 #include "match.h"
96 #include "msg.h"
97 #include "uidswap.h"
98 #include "version.h"
99 #include "ssherr.h"
100 #include "myproposal.h"
101 
102 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
103 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
104 #endif
105 
106 extern char *__progname;
107 
108 /* Flag indicating whether debug mode is on.  May be set on the command line. */
109 int debug_flag = 0;
110 
111 /* Flag indicating whether a tty should be requested */
112 int tty_flag = 0;
113 
114 /* don't exec a shell */
115 int no_shell_flag = 0;
116 
117 /*
118  * Flag indicating that nothing should be read from stdin.  This can be set
119  * on the command line.
120  */
121 int stdin_null_flag = 0;
122 
123 /*
124  * Flag indicating that the current process should be backgrounded and
125  * a new slave launched in the foreground for ControlPersist.
126  */
127 int need_controlpersist_detach = 0;
128 
129 /* Copies of flags for ControlPersist foreground slave */
130 int ostdin_null_flag, ono_shell_flag, otty_flag, orequest_tty;
131 
132 /*
133  * Flag indicating that ssh should fork after authentication.  This is useful
134  * so that the passphrase can be entered manually, and then ssh goes to the
135  * background.
136  */
137 int fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
138 
139 /*
140  * General data structure for command line options and options configurable
141  * in configuration files.  See readconf.h.
142  */
143 Options options;
144 
145 /* optional user configfile */
146 char *config = NULL;
147 
148 /*
149  * Name of the host we are connecting to.  This is the name given on the
150  * command line, or the HostName specified for the user-supplied name in a
151  * configuration file.
152  */
153 char *host;
154 
155 /* socket address the host resolves to */
156 struct sockaddr_storage hostaddr;
157 
158 /* Private host keys. */
159 Sensitive sensitive_data;
160 
161 /* Original real UID. */
162 uid_t original_real_uid;
163 uid_t original_effective_uid;
164 
165 /* command to be executed */
166 Buffer command;
167 
168 /* Should we execute a command or invoke a subsystem? */
169 int subsystem_flag = 0;
170 
171 /* # of replies received for global requests */
172 static int remote_forward_confirms_received = 0;
173 
174 /* mux.c */
175 extern int muxserver_sock;
176 extern u_int muxclient_command;
177 
178 /* Prints a help message to the user.  This function never returns. */
179 
180 static void
181 usage(void)
182 {
183 	fprintf(stderr,
184 "usage: ssh [-1246AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec]\n"
185 "           [-D [bind_address:]port] [-E log_file] [-e escape_char]\n"
186 "           [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11] [-i identity_file] [-L address]\n"
187 "           [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec] [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-p port]\n"
188 "           [-Q query_option] [-R address] [-S ctl_path] [-W host:port]\n"
189 "           [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]] [user@]hostname [command]\n"
190 	);
191 	exit(255);
192 }
193 
194 static int ssh_session(void);
195 static int ssh_session2(void);
196 static void load_public_identity_files(void);
197 static void main_sigchld_handler(int);
198 
199 /* from muxclient.c */
200 void muxclient(const char *);
201 void muxserver_listen(void);
202 
203 /* ~/ expand a list of paths. NB. assumes path[n] is heap-allocated. */
204 static void
205 tilde_expand_paths(char **paths, u_int num_paths)
206 {
207 	u_int i;
208 	char *cp;
209 
210 	for (i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
211 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(paths[i], original_real_uid);
212 		free(paths[i]);
213 		paths[i] = cp;
214 	}
215 }
216 
217 /*
218  * Attempt to resolve a host name / port to a set of addresses and
219  * optionally return any CNAMEs encountered along the way.
220  * Returns NULL on failure.
221  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
222  */
223 static struct addrinfo *
224 resolve_host(const char *name, int port, int logerr, char *cname, size_t clen)
225 {
226 	char strport[NI_MAXSERV];
227 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
228 	int gaierr, loglevel = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
229 
230 	if (port <= 0)
231 		port = default_ssh_port();
232 
233 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%d", port);
234 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
235 	hints.ai_family = options.address_family == -1 ?
236 	    AF_UNSPEC : options.address_family;
237 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
238 	if (cname != NULL)
239 		hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
240 	if ((gaierr = getaddrinfo(name, strport, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
241 		if (logerr || (gaierr != EAI_NONAME && gaierr != EAI_NODATA))
242 			loglevel = SYSLOG_LEVEL_ERROR;
243 		do_log2(loglevel, "%s: Could not resolve hostname %.100s: %s",
244 		    __progname, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
245 		return NULL;
246 	}
247 	if (cname != NULL && res->ai_canonname != NULL) {
248 		if (strlcpy(cname, res->ai_canonname, clen) >= clen) {
249 			error("%s: host \"%s\" cname \"%s\" too long (max %lu)",
250 			    __func__, name,  res->ai_canonname, (u_long)clen);
251 			if (clen > 0)
252 				*cname = '\0';
253 		}
254 	}
255 	return res;
256 }
257 
258 /*
259  * Attempt to resolve a numeric host address / port to a single address.
260  * Returns a canonical address string.
261  * Returns NULL on failure.
262  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
263  */
264 static struct addrinfo *
265 resolve_addr(const char *name, int port, char *caddr, size_t clen)
266 {
267 	char addr[NI_MAXHOST], strport[NI_MAXSERV];
268 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
269 	int gaierr;
270 
271 	if (port <= 0)
272 		port = default_ssh_port();
273 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%u", port);
274 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
275 	hints.ai_family = options.address_family == -1 ?
276 	    AF_UNSPEC : options.address_family;
277 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
278 	hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST|AI_NUMERICSERV;
279 	if ((gaierr = getaddrinfo(name, strport, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
280 		debug2("%s: could not resolve name %.100s as address: %s",
281 		    __func__, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
282 		return NULL;
283 	}
284 	if (res == NULL) {
285 		debug("%s: getaddrinfo %.100s returned no addresses",
286 		 __func__, name);
287 		return NULL;
288 	}
289 	if (res->ai_next != NULL) {
290 		debug("%s: getaddrinfo %.100s returned multiple addresses",
291 		    __func__, name);
292 		goto fail;
293 	}
294 	if ((gaierr = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
295 	    addr, sizeof(addr), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) != 0) {
296 		debug("%s: Could not format address for name %.100s: %s",
297 		    __func__, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
298 		goto fail;
299 	}
300 	if (strlcpy(caddr, addr, clen) >= clen) {
301 		error("%s: host \"%s\" addr \"%s\" too long (max %lu)",
302 		    __func__, name,  addr, (u_long)clen);
303 		if (clen > 0)
304 			*caddr = '\0';
305  fail:
306 		freeaddrinfo(res);
307 		return NULL;
308 	}
309 	return res;
310 }
311 
312 /*
313  * Check whether the cname is a permitted replacement for the hostname
314  * and perform the replacement if it is.
315  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
316  */
317 static int
318 check_follow_cname(char **namep, const char *cname)
319 {
320 	int i;
321 	struct allowed_cname *rule;
322 
323 	if (*cname == '\0' || options.num_permitted_cnames == 0 ||
324 	    strcmp(*namep, cname) == 0)
325 		return 0;
326 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_NO)
327 		return 0;
328 	/*
329 	 * Don't attempt to canonicalize names that will be interpreted by
330 	 * a proxy unless the user specifically requests so.
331 	 */
332 	if (!option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command) &&
333 	    options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)
334 		return 0;
335 	debug3("%s: check \"%s\" CNAME \"%s\"", __func__, *namep, cname);
336 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_permitted_cnames; i++) {
337 		rule = options.permitted_cnames + i;
338 		if (match_pattern_list(*namep, rule->source_list, 1) != 1 ||
339 		    match_pattern_list(cname, rule->target_list, 1) != 1)
340 			continue;
341 		verbose("Canonicalized DNS aliased hostname "
342 		    "\"%s\" => \"%s\"", *namep, cname);
343 		free(*namep);
344 		*namep = xstrdup(cname);
345 		return 1;
346 	}
347 	return 0;
348 }
349 
350 /*
351  * Attempt to resolve the supplied hostname after applying the user's
352  * canonicalization rules. Returns the address list for the host or NULL
353  * if no name was found after canonicalization.
354  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
355  */
356 static struct addrinfo *
357 resolve_canonicalize(char **hostp, int port)
358 {
359 	int i, ndots;
360 	char *cp, *fullhost, newname[NI_MAXHOST];
361 	struct addrinfo *addrs;
362 
363 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_NO)
364 		return NULL;
365 
366 	/*
367 	 * Don't attempt to canonicalize names that will be interpreted by
368 	 * a proxy unless the user specifically requests so.
369 	 */
370 	if (!option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command) &&
371 	    options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)
372 		return NULL;
373 
374 	/* Try numeric hostnames first */
375 	if ((addrs = resolve_addr(*hostp, port,
376 	    newname, sizeof(newname))) != NULL) {
377 		debug2("%s: hostname %.100s is address", __func__, *hostp);
378 		if (strcasecmp(*hostp, newname) != 0) {
379 			debug2("%s: canonicalised address \"%s\" => \"%s\"",
380 			    __func__, *hostp, newname);
381 			free(*hostp);
382 			*hostp = xstrdup(newname);
383 		}
384 		return addrs;
385 	}
386 
387 	/* If domain name is anchored, then resolve it now */
388 	if ((*hostp)[strlen(*hostp) - 1] == '.') {
389 		debug3("%s: name is fully qualified", __func__);
390 		fullhost = xstrdup(*hostp);
391 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(fullhost, port, 0,
392 		    newname, sizeof(newname))) != NULL)
393 			goto found;
394 		free(fullhost);
395 		goto notfound;
396 	}
397 
398 	/* Don't apply canonicalization to sufficiently-qualified hostnames */
399 	ndots = 0;
400 	for (cp = *hostp; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
401 		if (*cp == '.')
402 			ndots++;
403 	}
404 	if (ndots > options.canonicalize_max_dots) {
405 		debug3("%s: not canonicalizing hostname \"%s\" (max dots %d)",
406 		    __func__, *hostp, options.canonicalize_max_dots);
407 		return NULL;
408 	}
409 	/* Attempt each supplied suffix */
410 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_canonical_domains; i++) {
411 		*newname = '\0';
412 		xasprintf(&fullhost, "%s.%s.", *hostp,
413 		    options.canonical_domains[i]);
414 		debug3("%s: attempting \"%s\" => \"%s\"", __func__,
415 		    *hostp, fullhost);
416 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(fullhost, port, 0,
417 		    newname, sizeof(newname))) == NULL) {
418 			free(fullhost);
419 			continue;
420 		}
421  found:
422 		/* Remove trailing '.' */
423 		fullhost[strlen(fullhost) - 1] = '\0';
424 		/* Follow CNAME if requested */
425 		if (!check_follow_cname(&fullhost, newname)) {
426 			debug("Canonicalized hostname \"%s\" => \"%s\"",
427 			    *hostp, fullhost);
428 		}
429 		free(*hostp);
430 		*hostp = fullhost;
431 		return addrs;
432 	}
433  notfound:
434 	if (!options.canonicalize_fallback_local)
435 		fatal("%s: Could not resolve host \"%s\"", __progname, *hostp);
436 	debug2("%s: host %s not found in any suffix", __func__, *hostp);
437 	return NULL;
438 }
439 
440 /*
441  * Read per-user configuration file.  Ignore the system wide config
442  * file if the user specifies a config file on the command line.
443  */
444 static void
445 process_config_files(const char *host_arg, struct passwd *pw, int post_canon)
446 {
447 	char buf[PATH_MAX];
448 	int r;
449 
450 	if (config != NULL) {
451 		if (strcasecmp(config, "none") != 0 &&
452 		    !read_config_file(config, pw, host, host_arg, &options,
453 		    SSHCONF_USERCONF | (post_canon ? SSHCONF_POSTCANON : 0)))
454 			fatal("Can't open user config file %.100s: "
455 			    "%.100s", config, strerror(errno));
456 	} else {
457 		r = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir,
458 		    _PATH_SSH_USER_CONFFILE);
459 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < sizeof(buf))
460 			(void)read_config_file(buf, pw, host, host_arg,
461 			    &options, SSHCONF_CHECKPERM | SSHCONF_USERCONF |
462 			    (post_canon ? SSHCONF_POSTCANON : 0));
463 
464 		/* Read systemwide configuration file after user config. */
465 		(void)read_config_file(_PATH_HOST_CONFIG_FILE, pw,
466 		    host, host_arg, &options,
467 		    post_canon ? SSHCONF_POSTCANON : 0);
468 	}
469 }
470 
471 /* Rewrite the port number in an addrinfo list of addresses */
472 static void
473 set_addrinfo_port(struct addrinfo *addrs, int port)
474 {
475 	struct addrinfo *addr;
476 
477 	for (addr = addrs; addr != NULL; addr = addr->ai_next) {
478 		switch (addr->ai_family) {
479 		case AF_INET:
480 			((struct sockaddr_in *)addr->ai_addr)->
481 			    sin_port = htons(port);
482 			break;
483 		case AF_INET6:
484 			((struct sockaddr_in6 *)addr->ai_addr)->
485 			    sin6_port = htons(port);
486 			break;
487 		}
488 	}
489 }
490 
491 /*
492  * Main program for the ssh client.
493  */
494 int
495 main(int ac, char **av)
496 {
497 	struct ssh *ssh = NULL;
498 	int i, r, opt, exit_status, use_syslog, config_test = 0;
499 	char *p, *cp, *line, *argv0, buf[PATH_MAX], *host_arg, *logfile;
500 	char thishost[NI_MAXHOST], shorthost[NI_MAXHOST], portstr[NI_MAXSERV];
501 	char cname[NI_MAXHOST], uidstr[32], *conn_hash_hex;
502 	struct stat st;
503 	struct passwd *pw;
504 	int timeout_ms;
505 	extern int optind, optreset;
506 	extern char *optarg;
507 	struct Forward fwd;
508 	struct addrinfo *addrs = NULL;
509 	struct ssh_digest_ctx *md;
510 	u_char conn_hash[SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH];
511 
512 	ssh_malloc_init();	/* must be called before any mallocs */
513 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
514 	sanitise_stdfd();
515 
516 	/*
517 	 * Discard other fds that are hanging around. These can cause problem
518 	 * with backgrounded ssh processes started by ControlPersist.
519 	 */
520 	closefrom(STDERR_FILENO + 1);
521 
522 	/*
523 	 * Save the original real uid.  It will be needed later (uid-swapping
524 	 * may clobber the real uid).
525 	 */
526 	original_real_uid = getuid();
527 	original_effective_uid = geteuid();
528 
529 	/*
530 	 * Use uid-swapping to give up root privileges for the duration of
531 	 * option processing.  We will re-instantiate the rights when we are
532 	 * ready to create the privileged port, and will permanently drop
533 	 * them when the port has been created (actually, when the connection
534 	 * has been made, as we may need to create the port several times).
535 	 */
536 	PRIV_END;
537 
538 	/* If we are installed setuid root be careful to not drop core. */
539 	if (original_real_uid != original_effective_uid) {
540 		struct rlimit rlim;
541 		rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 0;
542 		if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim) < 0)
543 			fatal("setrlimit failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
544 	}
545 	/* Get user data. */
546 	pw = getpwuid(original_real_uid);
547 	if (!pw) {
548 		logit("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)original_real_uid);
549 		exit(255);
550 	}
551 	/* Take a copy of the returned structure. */
552 	pw = pwcopy(pw);
553 
554 	/*
555 	 * Set our umask to something reasonable, as some files are created
556 	 * with the default umask.  This will make them world-readable but
557 	 * writable only by the owner, which is ok for all files for which we
558 	 * don't set the modes explicitly.
559 	 */
560 	umask(022);
561 
562 	/*
563 	 * Initialize option structure to indicate that no values have been
564 	 * set.
565 	 */
566 	initialize_options(&options);
567 
568 	/* Parse command-line arguments. */
569 	host = NULL;
570 	use_syslog = 0;
571 	logfile = NULL;
572 	argv0 = av[0];
573 
574  again:
575 	while ((opt = getopt(ac, av, "1246ab:c:e:fgi:kl:m:no:p:qstvx"
576 	    "ACD:E:F:GI:KL:MNO:PQ:R:S:TVw:W:XYy")) != -1) {
577 		switch (opt) {
578 		case '1':
579 			options.protocol = SSH_PROTO_1;
580 			break;
581 		case '2':
582 			options.protocol = SSH_PROTO_2;
583 			break;
584 		case '4':
585 			options.address_family = AF_INET;
586 			break;
587 		case '6':
588 			options.address_family = AF_INET6;
589 			break;
590 		case 'n':
591 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
592 			break;
593 		case 'f':
594 			fork_after_authentication_flag = 1;
595 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
596 			break;
597 		case 'x':
598 			options.forward_x11 = 0;
599 			break;
600 		case 'X':
601 			options.forward_x11 = 1;
602 			break;
603 		case 'y':
604 			use_syslog = 1;
605 			break;
606 		case 'E':
607 			logfile = optarg;
608 			break;
609 		case 'G':
610 			config_test = 1;
611 			break;
612 		case 'Y':
613 			options.forward_x11 = 1;
614 			options.forward_x11_trusted = 1;
615 			break;
616 		case 'g':
617 			options.fwd_opts.gateway_ports = 1;
618 			break;
619 		case 'O':
620 			if (options.stdio_forward_host != NULL)
621 				fatal("Cannot specify multiplexing "
622 				    "command with -W");
623 			else if (muxclient_command != 0)
624 				fatal("Multiplexing command already specified");
625 			if (strcmp(optarg, "check") == 0)
626 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_ALIVE_CHECK;
627 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "forward") == 0)
628 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_FORWARD;
629 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "exit") == 0)
630 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_TERMINATE;
631 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "stop") == 0)
632 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_STOP;
633 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "cancel") == 0)
634 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_CANCEL_FWD;
635 			else
636 				fatal("Invalid multiplex command.");
637 			break;
638 		case 'P':	/* deprecated */
639 			options.use_privileged_port = 0;
640 			break;
641 		case 'Q':
642 			cp = NULL;
643 			if (strcmp(optarg, "cipher") == 0)
644 				cp = cipher_alg_list('\n', 0);
645 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "cipher-auth") == 0)
646 				cp = cipher_alg_list('\n', 1);
647 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "mac") == 0)
648 				cp = mac_alg_list('\n');
649 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "kex") == 0)
650 				cp = kex_alg_list('\n');
651 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key") == 0)
652 				cp = key_alg_list(0, 0);
653 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key-cert") == 0)
654 				cp = key_alg_list(1, 0);
655 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key-plain") == 0)
656 				cp = key_alg_list(0, 1);
657 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "protocol-version") == 0) {
658 #ifdef WITH_SSH1
659 				cp = xstrdup("1\n2");
660 #else
661 				cp = xstrdup("2");
662 #endif
663 			}
664 			if (cp == NULL)
665 				fatal("Unsupported query \"%s\"", optarg);
666 			printf("%s\n", cp);
667 			free(cp);
668 			exit(0);
669 			break;
670 		case 'a':
671 			options.forward_agent = 0;
672 			break;
673 		case 'A':
674 			options.forward_agent = 1;
675 			break;
676 		case 'k':
677 			options.gss_deleg_creds = 0;
678 			break;
679 		case 'K':
680 			options.gss_authentication = 1;
681 			options.gss_deleg_creds = 1;
682 			break;
683 		case 'i':
684 			p = tilde_expand_filename(optarg, original_real_uid);
685 			if (stat(p, &st) < 0)
686 				fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Identity file %s "
687 				    "not accessible: %s.\n", p,
688 				    strerror(errno));
689 			else
690 				add_identity_file(&options, NULL, p, 1);
691 			free(p);
692 			break;
693 		case 'I':
694 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
695 			free(options.pkcs11_provider);
696 			options.pkcs11_provider = xstrdup(optarg);
697 #else
698 			fprintf(stderr, "no support for PKCS#11.\n");
699 #endif
700 			break;
701 		case 't':
702 			if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_YES)
703 				options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_FORCE;
704 			else
705 				options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_YES;
706 			break;
707 		case 'v':
708 			if (debug_flag == 0) {
709 				debug_flag = 1;
710 				options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
711 			} else {
712 				if (options.log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
713 					options.log_level++;
714 			}
715 			break;
716 		case 'V':
717 			fprintf(stderr, "%s, %s\n",
718 			    SSH_VERSION,
719 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
720 			    SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION)
721 #else
722 			    "without OpenSSL"
723 #endif
724 			);
725 			if (opt == 'V')
726 				exit(0);
727 			break;
728 		case 'w':
729 			if (options.tun_open == -1)
730 				options.tun_open = SSH_TUNMODE_DEFAULT;
731 			options.tun_local = a2tun(optarg, &options.tun_remote);
732 			if (options.tun_local == SSH_TUNID_ERR) {
733 				fprintf(stderr,
734 				    "Bad tun device '%s'\n", optarg);
735 				exit(255);
736 			}
737 			break;
738 		case 'W':
739 			if (options.stdio_forward_host != NULL)
740 				fatal("stdio forward already specified");
741 			if (muxclient_command != 0)
742 				fatal("Cannot specify stdio forward with -O");
743 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 0)) {
744 				options.stdio_forward_host = fwd.listen_host;
745 				options.stdio_forward_port = fwd.listen_port;
746 				free(fwd.connect_host);
747 			} else {
748 				fprintf(stderr,
749 				    "Bad stdio forwarding specification '%s'\n",
750 				    optarg);
751 				exit(255);
752 			}
753 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
754 			no_shell_flag = 1;
755 			break;
756 		case 'q':
757 			options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_QUIET;
758 			break;
759 		case 'e':
760 			if (optarg[0] == '^' && optarg[2] == 0 &&
761 			    (u_char) optarg[1] >= 64 &&
762 			    (u_char) optarg[1] < 128)
763 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[1] & 31;
764 			else if (strlen(optarg) == 1)
765 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[0];
766 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "none") == 0)
767 				options.escape_char = SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE;
768 			else {
769 				fprintf(stderr, "Bad escape character '%s'.\n",
770 				    optarg);
771 				exit(255);
772 			}
773 			break;
774 		case 'c':
775 			if (ciphers_valid(*optarg == '+' ?
776 			    optarg + 1 : optarg)) {
777 				/* SSH2 only */
778 				free(options.ciphers);
779 				options.ciphers = xstrdup(optarg);
780 				options.cipher = SSH_CIPHER_INVALID;
781 				break;
782 			}
783 			/* SSH1 only */
784 			options.cipher = cipher_number(optarg);
785 			if (options.cipher == -1) {
786 				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown cipher type '%s'\n",
787 				    optarg);
788 				exit(255);
789 			}
790 			if (options.cipher == SSH_CIPHER_3DES)
791 				options.ciphers = xstrdup("3des-cbc");
792 			else if (options.cipher == SSH_CIPHER_BLOWFISH)
793 				options.ciphers = xstrdup("blowfish-cbc");
794 			else
795 				options.ciphers = xstrdup(KEX_CLIENT_ENCRYPT);
796 			break;
797 		case 'm':
798 			if (mac_valid(optarg)) {
799 				free(options.macs);
800 				options.macs = xstrdup(optarg);
801 			} else {
802 				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown mac type '%s'\n",
803 				    optarg);
804 				exit(255);
805 			}
806 			break;
807 		case 'M':
808 			if (options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_YES)
809 				options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_ASK;
810 			else
811 				options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_YES;
812 			break;
813 		case 'p':
814 			options.port = a2port(optarg);
815 			if (options.port <= 0) {
816 				fprintf(stderr, "Bad port '%s'\n", optarg);
817 				exit(255);
818 			}
819 			break;
820 		case 'l':
821 			options.user = optarg;
822 			break;
823 
824 		case 'L':
825 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 0, 0))
826 				add_local_forward(&options, &fwd);
827 			else {
828 				fprintf(stderr,
829 				    "Bad local forwarding specification '%s'\n",
830 				    optarg);
831 				exit(255);
832 			}
833 			break;
834 
835 		case 'R':
836 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 0, 1)) {
837 				add_remote_forward(&options, &fwd);
838 			} else {
839 				fprintf(stderr,
840 				    "Bad remote forwarding specification "
841 				    "'%s'\n", optarg);
842 				exit(255);
843 			}
844 			break;
845 
846 		case 'D':
847 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 0)) {
848 				add_local_forward(&options, &fwd);
849 			} else {
850 				fprintf(stderr,
851 				    "Bad dynamic forwarding specification "
852 				    "'%s'\n", optarg);
853 				exit(255);
854 			}
855 			break;
856 
857 		case 'C':
858 			options.compression = 1;
859 			break;
860 		case 'N':
861 			no_shell_flag = 1;
862 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
863 			break;
864 		case 'T':
865 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
866 			break;
867 		case 'o':
868 			line = xstrdup(optarg);
869 			if (process_config_line(&options, pw,
870 			    host ? host : "", host ? host : "", line,
871 			    "command-line", 0, NULL, SSHCONF_USERCONF) != 0)
872 				exit(255);
873 			free(line);
874 			break;
875 		case 's':
876 			subsystem_flag = 1;
877 			break;
878 		case 'S':
879 			free(options.control_path);
880 			options.control_path = xstrdup(optarg);
881 			break;
882 		case 'b':
883 			options.bind_address = optarg;
884 			break;
885 		case 'F':
886 			config = optarg;
887 			break;
888 		default:
889 			usage();
890 		}
891 	}
892 
893 	ac -= optind;
894 	av += optind;
895 
896 	if (ac > 0 && !host) {
897 		if (strrchr(*av, '@')) {
898 			p = xstrdup(*av);
899 			cp = strrchr(p, '@');
900 			if (cp == NULL || cp == p)
901 				usage();
902 			options.user = p;
903 			*cp = '\0';
904 			host = xstrdup(++cp);
905 		} else
906 			host = xstrdup(*av);
907 		if (ac > 1) {
908 			optind = optreset = 1;
909 			goto again;
910 		}
911 		ac--, av++;
912 	}
913 
914 	/* Check that we got a host name. */
915 	if (!host)
916 		usage();
917 
918 	host_arg = xstrdup(host);
919 
920 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
921 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
922 	ERR_load_crypto_strings();
923 #endif
924 
925 	/* Initialize the command to execute on remote host. */
926 	buffer_init(&command);
927 
928 	/*
929 	 * Save the command to execute on the remote host in a buffer. There
930 	 * is no limit on the length of the command, except by the maximum
931 	 * packet size.  Also sets the tty flag if there is no command.
932 	 */
933 	if (!ac) {
934 		/* No command specified - execute shell on a tty. */
935 		if (subsystem_flag) {
936 			fprintf(stderr,
937 			    "You must specify a subsystem to invoke.\n");
938 			usage();
939 		}
940 	} else {
941 		/* A command has been specified.  Store it into the buffer. */
942 		for (i = 0; i < ac; i++) {
943 			if (i)
944 				buffer_append(&command, " ", 1);
945 			buffer_append(&command, av[i], strlen(av[i]));
946 		}
947 	}
948 
949 	/* Cannot fork to background if no command. */
950 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag && buffer_len(&command) == 0 &&
951 	    !no_shell_flag)
952 		fatal("Cannot fork into background without a command "
953 		    "to execute.");
954 
955 	/*
956 	 * Initialize "log" output.  Since we are the client all output
957 	 * goes to stderr unless otherwise specified by -y or -E.
958 	 */
959 	if (use_syslog && logfile != NULL)
960 		fatal("Can't specify both -y and -E");
961 	if (logfile != NULL)
962 		log_redirect_stderr_to(logfile);
963 	log_init(argv0,
964 	    options.log_level == -1 ? SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO : options.log_level,
965 	    SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, !use_syslog);
966 
967 	if (debug_flag)
968 		logit("%s, %s", SSH_VERSION,
969 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
970 		    SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION)
971 #else
972 		    "without OpenSSL"
973 #endif
974 		);
975 
976 	/* Parse the configuration files */
977 	process_config_files(host_arg, pw, 0);
978 
979 	/* Hostname canonicalisation needs a few options filled. */
980 	fill_default_options_for_canonicalization(&options);
981 
982 	/* If the user has replaced the hostname then take it into use now */
983 	if (options.hostname != NULL) {
984 		/* NB. Please keep in sync with readconf.c:match_cfg_line() */
985 		cp = percent_expand(options.hostname,
986 		    "h", host, (char *)NULL);
987 		free(host);
988 		host = cp;
989 		free(options.hostname);
990 		options.hostname = xstrdup(host);
991 	}
992 
993 	/* If canonicalization requested then try to apply it */
994 	lowercase(host);
995 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_NO)
996 		addrs = resolve_canonicalize(&host, options.port);
997 
998 	/*
999 	 * If CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs have been specified but
1000 	 * other canonicalization did not happen (by not being requested
1001 	 * or by failing with fallback) then the hostname may still be changed
1002 	 * as a result of CNAME following.
1003 	 *
1004 	 * Try to resolve the bare hostname name using the system resolver's
1005 	 * usual search rules and then apply the CNAME follow rules.
1006 	 *
1007 	 * Skip the lookup if a ProxyCommand is being used unless the user
1008 	 * has specifically requested canonicalisation for this case via
1009 	 * CanonicalizeHostname=always
1010 	 */
1011 	if (addrs == NULL && options.num_permitted_cnames != 0 &&
1012 	    (option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command) ||
1013             options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)) {
1014 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(host, options.port,
1015 		    option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command),
1016 		    cname, sizeof(cname))) == NULL) {
1017 			/* Don't fatal proxied host names not in the DNS */
1018 			if (option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command))
1019 				cleanup_exit(255); /* logged in resolve_host */
1020 		} else
1021 			check_follow_cname(&host, cname);
1022 	}
1023 
1024 	/*
1025 	 * If canonicalisation is enabled then re-parse the configuration
1026 	 * files as new stanzas may match.
1027 	 */
1028 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname != 0) {
1029 		debug("Re-reading configuration after hostname "
1030 		    "canonicalisation");
1031 		free(options.hostname);
1032 		options.hostname = xstrdup(host);
1033 		process_config_files(host_arg, pw, 1);
1034 		/*
1035 		 * Address resolution happens early with canonicalisation
1036 		 * enabled and the port number may have changed since, so
1037 		 * reset it in address list
1038 		 */
1039 		if (addrs != NULL && options.port > 0)
1040 			set_addrinfo_port(addrs, options.port);
1041 	}
1042 
1043 	/* Fill configuration defaults. */
1044 	fill_default_options(&options);
1045 
1046 	if (options.port == 0)
1047 		options.port = default_ssh_port();
1048 	channel_set_af(options.address_family);
1049 
1050 	/* Tidy and check options */
1051 	if (options.host_key_alias != NULL)
1052 		lowercase(options.host_key_alias);
1053 	if (options.proxy_command != NULL &&
1054 	    strcmp(options.proxy_command, "-") == 0 &&
1055 	    options.proxy_use_fdpass)
1056 		fatal("ProxyCommand=- and ProxyUseFDPass are incompatible");
1057 	if (options.control_persist &&
1058 	    options.update_hostkeys == SSH_UPDATE_HOSTKEYS_ASK) {
1059 		debug("UpdateHostKeys=ask is incompatible with ControlPersist; "
1060 		    "disabling");
1061 		options.update_hostkeys = 0;
1062 	}
1063 	if (options.connection_attempts <= 0)
1064 		fatal("Invalid number of ConnectionAttempts");
1065 
1066 	if (original_effective_uid != 0)
1067 		options.use_privileged_port = 0;
1068 
1069 	/* reinit */
1070 	log_init(argv0, options.log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, !use_syslog);
1071 
1072 	if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_YES ||
1073 	    options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_FORCE)
1074 		tty_flag = 1;
1075 
1076 	/* Allocate a tty by default if no command specified. */
1077 	if (buffer_len(&command) == 0)
1078 		tty_flag = options.request_tty != REQUEST_TTY_NO;
1079 
1080 	/* Force no tty */
1081 	if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_NO || muxclient_command != 0)
1082 		tty_flag = 0;
1083 	/* Do not allocate a tty if stdin is not a tty. */
1084 	if ((!isatty(fileno(stdin)) || stdin_null_flag) &&
1085 	    options.request_tty != REQUEST_TTY_FORCE) {
1086 		if (tty_flag)
1087 			logit("Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because "
1088 			    "stdin is not a terminal.");
1089 		tty_flag = 0;
1090 	}
1091 
1092 	if (options.user == NULL)
1093 		options.user = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
1094 
1095 	if (gethostname(thishost, sizeof(thishost)) == -1)
1096 		fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
1097 	strlcpy(shorthost, thishost, sizeof(shorthost));
1098 	shorthost[strcspn(thishost, ".")] = '\0';
1099 	snprintf(portstr, sizeof(portstr), "%d", options.port);
1100 	snprintf(uidstr, sizeof(uidstr), "%d", pw->pw_uid);
1101 
1102 	if ((md = ssh_digest_start(SSH_DIGEST_SHA1)) == NULL ||
1103 	    ssh_digest_update(md, thishost, strlen(thishost)) < 0 ||
1104 	    ssh_digest_update(md, host, strlen(host)) < 0 ||
1105 	    ssh_digest_update(md, portstr, strlen(portstr)) < 0 ||
1106 	    ssh_digest_update(md, options.user, strlen(options.user)) < 0 ||
1107 	    ssh_digest_final(md, conn_hash, sizeof(conn_hash)) < 0)
1108 		fatal("%s: mux digest failed", __func__);
1109 	ssh_digest_free(md);
1110 	conn_hash_hex = tohex(conn_hash, ssh_digest_bytes(SSH_DIGEST_SHA1));
1111 
1112 	if (options.local_command != NULL) {
1113 		debug3("expanding LocalCommand: %s", options.local_command);
1114 		cp = options.local_command;
1115 		options.local_command = percent_expand(cp,
1116 		    "C", conn_hash_hex,
1117 		    "L", shorthost,
1118 		    "d", pw->pw_dir,
1119 		    "h", host,
1120 		    "l", thishost,
1121 		    "n", host_arg,
1122 		    "p", portstr,
1123 		    "r", options.user,
1124 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
1125 		    (char *)NULL);
1126 		debug3("expanded LocalCommand: %s", options.local_command);
1127 		free(cp);
1128 	}
1129 
1130 	if (options.control_path != NULL) {
1131 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.control_path,
1132 		    original_real_uid);
1133 		free(options.control_path);
1134 		options.control_path = percent_expand(cp,
1135 		    "C", conn_hash_hex,
1136 		    "L", shorthost,
1137 		    "h", host,
1138 		    "l", thishost,
1139 		    "n", host_arg,
1140 		    "p", portstr,
1141 		    "r", options.user,
1142 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
1143 		    "i", uidstr,
1144 		    (char *)NULL);
1145 		free(cp);
1146 	}
1147 	free(conn_hash_hex);
1148 
1149 	if (config_test) {
1150 		dump_client_config(&options, host);
1151 		exit(0);
1152 	}
1153 
1154 	if (muxclient_command != 0 && options.control_path == NULL)
1155 		fatal("No ControlPath specified for \"-O\" command");
1156 	if (options.control_path != NULL)
1157 		muxclient(options.control_path);
1158 
1159 	/*
1160 	 * If hostname canonicalisation was not enabled, then we may not
1161 	 * have yet resolved the hostname. Do so now.
1162 	 */
1163 	if (addrs == NULL && options.proxy_command == NULL) {
1164 		debug2("resolving \"%s\" port %d", host, options.port);
1165 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(host, options.port, 1,
1166 		    cname, sizeof(cname))) == NULL)
1167 			cleanup_exit(255); /* resolve_host logs the error */
1168 	}
1169 
1170 	timeout_ms = options.connection_timeout * 1000;
1171 
1172 	/* Open a connection to the remote host. */
1173 	if (ssh_connect(host, addrs, &hostaddr, options.port,
1174 	    options.address_family, options.connection_attempts,
1175 	    &timeout_ms, options.tcp_keep_alive,
1176 	    options.use_privileged_port) != 0)
1177 		exit(255);
1178 
1179 	if (addrs != NULL)
1180 		freeaddrinfo(addrs);
1181 
1182 	packet_set_timeout(options.server_alive_interval,
1183 	    options.server_alive_count_max);
1184 
1185 	ssh = active_state; /* XXX */
1186 
1187 	if (timeout_ms > 0)
1188 		debug3("timeout: %d ms remain after connect", timeout_ms);
1189 
1190 	/*
1191 	 * If we successfully made the connection, load the host private key
1192 	 * in case we will need it later for combined rsa-rhosts
1193 	 * authentication. This must be done before releasing extra
1194 	 * privileges, because the file is only readable by root.
1195 	 * If we cannot access the private keys, load the public keys
1196 	 * instead and try to execute the ssh-keysign helper instead.
1197 	 */
1198 	sensitive_data.nkeys = 0;
1199 	sensitive_data.keys = NULL;
1200 	sensitive_data.external_keysign = 0;
1201 	if (options.rhosts_rsa_authentication ||
1202 	    options.hostbased_authentication) {
1203 		sensitive_data.nkeys = 9;
1204 		sensitive_data.keys = xcalloc(sensitive_data.nkeys,
1205 		    sizeof(Key));
1206 
1207 		PRIV_START;
1208 #if WITH_SSH1
1209 		sensitive_data.keys[0] = key_load_private_type(KEY_RSA1,
1210 		    _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1211 #endif
1212 		sensitive_data.keys[1] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_ECDSA,
1213 		    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1214 		sensitive_data.keys[2] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_ED25519,
1215 		    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1216 		sensitive_data.keys[3] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_RSA,
1217 		    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1218 		sensitive_data.keys[4] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_DSA,
1219 		    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1220 		sensitive_data.keys[5] = key_load_private_type(KEY_ECDSA,
1221 		    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1222 		sensitive_data.keys[6] = key_load_private_type(KEY_ED25519,
1223 		    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1224 		sensitive_data.keys[7] = key_load_private_type(KEY_RSA,
1225 		    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1226 		sensitive_data.keys[8] = key_load_private_type(KEY_DSA,
1227 		    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1228 		PRIV_END;
1229 
1230 		if (options.hostbased_authentication == 1 &&
1231 		    sensitive_data.keys[0] == NULL &&
1232 		    sensitive_data.keys[5] == NULL &&
1233 		    sensitive_data.keys[6] == NULL &&
1234 		    sensitive_data.keys[7] == NULL &&
1235 		    sensitive_data.keys[8] == NULL) {
1236 			sensitive_data.keys[1] = key_load_cert(
1237 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE);
1238 			sensitive_data.keys[2] = key_load_cert(
1239 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE);
1240 			sensitive_data.keys[3] = key_load_cert(
1241 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE);
1242 			sensitive_data.keys[4] = key_load_cert(
1243 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE);
1244 			sensitive_data.keys[5] = key_load_public(
1245 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1246 			sensitive_data.keys[6] = key_load_public(
1247 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1248 			sensitive_data.keys[7] = key_load_public(
1249 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1250 			sensitive_data.keys[8] = key_load_public(
1251 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1252 			sensitive_data.external_keysign = 1;
1253 		}
1254 	}
1255 	/*
1256 	 * Get rid of any extra privileges that we may have.  We will no
1257 	 * longer need them.  Also, extra privileges could make it very hard
1258 	 * to read identity files and other non-world-readable files from the
1259 	 * user's home directory if it happens to be on a NFS volume where
1260 	 * root is mapped to nobody.
1261 	 */
1262 	if (original_effective_uid == 0) {
1263 		PRIV_START;
1264 		permanently_set_uid(pw);
1265 	}
1266 
1267 	/*
1268 	 * Now that we are back to our own permissions, create ~/.ssh
1269 	 * directory if it doesn't already exist.
1270 	 */
1271 	if (config == NULL) {
1272 		r = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir,
1273 		    strcmp(pw->pw_dir, "/") ? "/" : "", _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
1274 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < sizeof(buf) && stat(buf, &st) < 0)
1275 			if (mkdir(buf, 0700) < 0)
1276 				error("Could not create directory '%.200s'.",
1277 				    buf);
1278 	}
1279 
1280 	/* load options.identity_files */
1281 	load_public_identity_files();
1282 
1283 	/* optionally set the SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME varibale */
1284 	if (options.identity_agent &&
1285 	    strcmp(options.identity_agent, SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME) != 0) {
1286 		if (strcmp(options.identity_agent, "none") == 0) {
1287 			unsetenv(SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME);
1288 		} else {
1289 			p = tilde_expand_filename(options.identity_agent,
1290 			    original_real_uid);
1291 			cp = percent_expand(p, "d", pw->pw_dir,
1292 			    "u", pw->pw_name, "l", thishost, "h", host,
1293 			    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
1294 			setenv(SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME, cp, 1);
1295 			free(cp);
1296 			free(p);
1297 		}
1298 	}
1299 
1300 	/* Expand ~ in known host file names. */
1301 	tilde_expand_paths(options.system_hostfiles,
1302 	    options.num_system_hostfiles);
1303 	tilde_expand_paths(options.user_hostfiles, options.num_user_hostfiles);
1304 
1305 	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); /* ignore SIGPIPE early */
1306 	signal(SIGCHLD, main_sigchld_handler);
1307 
1308 	/* Log into the remote system.  Never returns if the login fails. */
1309 	ssh_login(&sensitive_data, host, (struct sockaddr *)&hostaddr,
1310 	    options.port, pw, timeout_ms);
1311 
1312 	if (packet_connection_is_on_socket()) {
1313 		verbose("Authenticated to %s ([%s]:%d).", host,
1314 		    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh));
1315 	} else {
1316 		verbose("Authenticated to %s (via proxy).", host);
1317 	}
1318 
1319 	/* We no longer need the private host keys.  Clear them now. */
1320 	if (sensitive_data.nkeys != 0) {
1321 		for (i = 0; i < sensitive_data.nkeys; i++) {
1322 			if (sensitive_data.keys[i] != NULL) {
1323 				/* Destroys contents safely */
1324 				debug3("clear hostkey %d", i);
1325 				key_free(sensitive_data.keys[i]);
1326 				sensitive_data.keys[i] = NULL;
1327 			}
1328 		}
1329 		free(sensitive_data.keys);
1330 	}
1331 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
1332 		free(options.identity_files[i]);
1333 		options.identity_files[i] = NULL;
1334 		if (options.identity_keys[i]) {
1335 			key_free(options.identity_keys[i]);
1336 			options.identity_keys[i] = NULL;
1337 		}
1338 	}
1339 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_certificate_files; i++) {
1340 		free(options.certificate_files[i]);
1341 		options.certificate_files[i] = NULL;
1342 	}
1343 
1344 	exit_status = compat20 ? ssh_session2() : ssh_session();
1345 	packet_close();
1346 
1347 	if (options.control_path != NULL && muxserver_sock != -1)
1348 		unlink(options.control_path);
1349 
1350 	/* Kill ProxyCommand if it is running. */
1351 	ssh_kill_proxy_command();
1352 
1353 	return exit_status;
1354 }
1355 
1356 static void
1357 control_persist_detach(void)
1358 {
1359 	pid_t pid;
1360 	int devnull, keep_stderr;
1361 
1362 	debug("%s: backgrounding master process", __func__);
1363 
1364  	/*
1365  	 * master (current process) into the background, and make the
1366  	 * foreground process a client of the backgrounded master.
1367  	 */
1368 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
1369 	case -1:
1370 		fatal("%s: fork: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1371 	case 0:
1372 		/* Child: master process continues mainloop */
1373  		break;
1374  	default:
1375 		/* Parent: set up mux slave to connect to backgrounded master */
1376 		debug2("%s: background process is %ld", __func__, (long)pid);
1377 		stdin_null_flag = ostdin_null_flag;
1378 		options.request_tty = orequest_tty;
1379 		tty_flag = otty_flag;
1380  		close(muxserver_sock);
1381  		muxserver_sock = -1;
1382 		options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_NO;
1383  		muxclient(options.control_path);
1384 		/* muxclient() doesn't return on success. */
1385  		fatal("Failed to connect to new control master");
1386  	}
1387 	if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
1388 		error("%s: open(\"/dev/null\"): %s", __func__,
1389 		    strerror(errno));
1390 	} else {
1391 		keep_stderr = log_is_on_stderr() && debug_flag;
1392 		if (dup2(devnull, STDIN_FILENO) == -1 ||
1393 		    dup2(devnull, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1 ||
1394 		    (!keep_stderr && dup2(devnull, STDERR_FILENO) == -1))
1395 			error("%s: dup2: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1396 		if (devnull > STDERR_FILENO)
1397 			close(devnull);
1398 	}
1399 	daemon(1, 1);
1400 	setproctitle("%s [mux]", options.control_path);
1401 }
1402 
1403 /* Do fork() after authentication. Used by "ssh -f" */
1404 static void
1405 fork_postauth(void)
1406 {
1407 	if (need_controlpersist_detach)
1408 		control_persist_detach();
1409 	debug("forking to background");
1410 	fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
1411 	if (daemon(1, 1) < 0)
1412 		fatal("daemon() failed: %.200s", strerror(errno));
1413 }
1414 
1415 /* Callback for remote forward global requests */
1416 static void
1417 ssh_confirm_remote_forward(int type, u_int32_t seq, void *ctxt)
1418 {
1419 	struct Forward *rfwd = (struct Forward *)ctxt;
1420 
1421 	/* XXX verbose() on failure? */
1422 	debug("remote forward %s for: listen %s%s%d, connect %s:%d",
1423 	    type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS ? "success" : "failure",
1424 	    rfwd->listen_path ? rfwd->listen_path :
1425 	    rfwd->listen_host ? rfwd->listen_host : "",
1426 	    (rfwd->listen_path || rfwd->listen_host) ? ":" : "",
1427 	    rfwd->listen_port, rfwd->connect_path ? rfwd->connect_path :
1428 	    rfwd->connect_host, rfwd->connect_port);
1429 	if (rfwd->listen_path == NULL && rfwd->listen_port == 0) {
1430 		if (type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS) {
1431 			rfwd->allocated_port = packet_get_int();
1432 			logit("Allocated port %u for remote forward to %s:%d",
1433 			    rfwd->allocated_port,
1434 			    rfwd->connect_host, rfwd->connect_port);
1435 			channel_update_permitted_opens(rfwd->handle,
1436 			    rfwd->allocated_port);
1437 		} else {
1438 			channel_update_permitted_opens(rfwd->handle, -1);
1439 		}
1440 	}
1441 
1442 	if (type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE) {
1443 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure) {
1444 			if (rfwd->listen_path != NULL)
1445 				fatal("Error: remote port forwarding failed "
1446 				    "for listen path %s", rfwd->listen_path);
1447 			else
1448 				fatal("Error: remote port forwarding failed "
1449 				    "for listen port %d", rfwd->listen_port);
1450 		} else {
1451 			if (rfwd->listen_path != NULL)
1452 				logit("Warning: remote port forwarding failed "
1453 				    "for listen path %s", rfwd->listen_path);
1454 			else
1455 				logit("Warning: remote port forwarding failed "
1456 				    "for listen port %d", rfwd->listen_port);
1457 		}
1458 	}
1459 	if (++remote_forward_confirms_received == options.num_remote_forwards) {
1460 		debug("All remote forwarding requests processed");
1461 		if (fork_after_authentication_flag)
1462 			fork_postauth();
1463 	}
1464 }
1465 
1466 static void
1467 client_cleanup_stdio_fwd(int id, void *arg)
1468 {
1469 	debug("stdio forwarding: done");
1470 	cleanup_exit(0);
1471 }
1472 
1473 static void
1474 ssh_stdio_confirm(int id, int success, void *arg)
1475 {
1476 	if (!success)
1477 		fatal("stdio forwarding failed");
1478 }
1479 
1480 static void
1481 ssh_init_stdio_forwarding(void)
1482 {
1483 	Channel *c;
1484 	int in, out;
1485 
1486 	if (options.stdio_forward_host == NULL)
1487 		return;
1488 	if (!compat20)
1489 		fatal("stdio forwarding require Protocol 2");
1490 
1491 	debug3("%s: %s:%d", __func__, options.stdio_forward_host,
1492 	    options.stdio_forward_port);
1493 
1494 	if ((in = dup(STDIN_FILENO)) < 0 ||
1495 	    (out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO)) < 0)
1496 		fatal("channel_connect_stdio_fwd: dup() in/out failed");
1497 	if ((c = channel_connect_stdio_fwd(options.stdio_forward_host,
1498 	    options.stdio_forward_port, in, out)) == NULL)
1499 		fatal("%s: channel_connect_stdio_fwd failed", __func__);
1500 	channel_register_cleanup(c->self, client_cleanup_stdio_fwd, 0);
1501 	channel_register_open_confirm(c->self, ssh_stdio_confirm, NULL);
1502 }
1503 
1504 static void
1505 ssh_init_forwarding(void)
1506 {
1507 	int success = 0;
1508 	int i;
1509 
1510 	/* Initiate local TCP/IP port forwardings. */
1511 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_local_forwards; i++) {
1512 		debug("Local connections to %.200s:%d forwarded to remote "
1513 		    "address %.200s:%d",
1514 		    (options.local_forwards[i].listen_path != NULL) ?
1515 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_path :
1516 		    (options.local_forwards[i].listen_host == NULL) ?
1517 		    (options.fwd_opts.gateway_ports ? "*" : "LOCALHOST") :
1518 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_host,
1519 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_port,
1520 		    (options.local_forwards[i].connect_path != NULL) ?
1521 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_path :
1522 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_host,
1523 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_port);
1524 		success += channel_setup_local_fwd_listener(
1525 		    &options.local_forwards[i], &options.fwd_opts);
1526 	}
1527 	if (i > 0 && success != i && options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1528 		fatal("Could not request local forwarding.");
1529 	if (i > 0 && success == 0)
1530 		error("Could not request local forwarding.");
1531 
1532 	/* Initiate remote TCP/IP port forwardings. */
1533 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_remote_forwards; i++) {
1534 		debug("Remote connections from %.200s:%d forwarded to "
1535 		    "local address %.200s:%d",
1536 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].listen_path != NULL) ?
1537 		    options.remote_forwards[i].listen_path :
1538 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].listen_host == NULL) ?
1539 		    "LOCALHOST" : options.remote_forwards[i].listen_host,
1540 		    options.remote_forwards[i].listen_port,
1541 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].connect_path != NULL) ?
1542 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_path :
1543 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_host,
1544 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_port);
1545 		options.remote_forwards[i].handle =
1546 		    channel_request_remote_forwarding(
1547 		    &options.remote_forwards[i]);
1548 		if (options.remote_forwards[i].handle < 0) {
1549 			if (options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1550 				fatal("Could not request remote forwarding.");
1551 			else
1552 				logit("Warning: Could not request remote "
1553 				    "forwarding.");
1554 		} else {
1555 			client_register_global_confirm(ssh_confirm_remote_forward,
1556 			    &options.remote_forwards[i]);
1557 		}
1558 	}
1559 
1560 	/* Initiate tunnel forwarding. */
1561 	if (options.tun_open != SSH_TUNMODE_NO) {
1562 		if (client_request_tun_fwd(options.tun_open,
1563 		    options.tun_local, options.tun_remote) == -1) {
1564 			if (options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1565 				fatal("Could not request tunnel forwarding.");
1566 			else
1567 				error("Could not request tunnel forwarding.");
1568 		}
1569 	}
1570 }
1571 
1572 static void
1573 check_agent_present(void)
1574 {
1575 	int r;
1576 
1577 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1578 		/* Clear agent forwarding if we don't have an agent. */
1579 		if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(NULL)) != 0) {
1580 			options.forward_agent = 0;
1581 			if (r != SSH_ERR_AGENT_NOT_PRESENT)
1582 				debug("ssh_get_authentication_socket: %s",
1583 				    ssh_err(r));
1584 		}
1585 	}
1586 }
1587 
1588 static int
1589 ssh_session(void)
1590 {
1591 	int type;
1592 	int interactive = 0;
1593 	int have_tty = 0;
1594 	struct winsize ws;
1595 	char *cp;
1596 	const char *display;
1597 	char *proto = NULL, *data = NULL;
1598 
1599 	/* Enable compression if requested. */
1600 	if (options.compression) {
1601 		debug("Requesting compression at level %d.",
1602 		    options.compression_level);
1603 
1604 		if (options.compression_level < 1 ||
1605 		    options.compression_level > 9)
1606 			fatal("Compression level must be from 1 (fast) to "
1607 			    "9 (slow, best).");
1608 
1609 		/* Send the request. */
1610 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_REQUEST_COMPRESSION);
1611 		packet_put_int(options.compression_level);
1612 		packet_send();
1613 		packet_write_wait();
1614 		type = packet_read();
1615 		if (type == SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS)
1616 			packet_start_compression(options.compression_level);
1617 		else if (type == SSH_SMSG_FAILURE)
1618 			logit("Warning: Remote host refused compression.");
1619 		else
1620 			packet_disconnect("Protocol error waiting for "
1621 			    "compression response.");
1622 	}
1623 	/* Allocate a pseudo tty if appropriate. */
1624 	if (tty_flag) {
1625 		debug("Requesting pty.");
1626 
1627 		/* Start the packet. */
1628 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_REQUEST_PTY);
1629 
1630 		/* Store TERM in the packet.  There is no limit on the
1631 		   length of the string. */
1632 		cp = getenv("TERM");
1633 		if (!cp)
1634 			cp = "";
1635 		packet_put_cstring(cp);
1636 
1637 		/* Store window size in the packet. */
1638 		if (ioctl(fileno(stdin), TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
1639 			memset(&ws, 0, sizeof(ws));
1640 		packet_put_int((u_int)ws.ws_row);
1641 		packet_put_int((u_int)ws.ws_col);
1642 		packet_put_int((u_int)ws.ws_xpixel);
1643 		packet_put_int((u_int)ws.ws_ypixel);
1644 
1645 		/* Store tty modes in the packet. */
1646 		tty_make_modes(fileno(stdin), NULL);
1647 
1648 		/* Send the packet, and wait for it to leave. */
1649 		packet_send();
1650 		packet_write_wait();
1651 
1652 		/* Read response from the server. */
1653 		type = packet_read();
1654 		if (type == SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
1655 			interactive = 1;
1656 			have_tty = 1;
1657 		} else if (type == SSH_SMSG_FAILURE)
1658 			logit("Warning: Remote host failed or refused to "
1659 			    "allocate a pseudo tty.");
1660 		else
1661 			packet_disconnect("Protocol error waiting for pty "
1662 			    "request response.");
1663 	}
1664 	/* Request X11 forwarding if enabled and DISPLAY is set. */
1665 	display = getenv("DISPLAY");
1666 	if (display == NULL && options.forward_x11)
1667 		debug("X11 forwarding requested but DISPLAY not set");
1668 	if (options.forward_x11 && client_x11_get_proto(display,
1669 	    options.xauth_location, options.forward_x11_trusted,
1670 	    options.forward_x11_timeout, &proto, &data) == 0) {
1671 		/* Request forwarding with authentication spoofing. */
1672 		debug("Requesting X11 forwarding with authentication "
1673 		    "spoofing.");
1674 		x11_request_forwarding_with_spoofing(0, display, proto,
1675 		    data, 0);
1676 		/* Read response from the server. */
1677 		type = packet_read();
1678 		if (type == SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
1679 			interactive = 1;
1680 		} else if (type == SSH_SMSG_FAILURE) {
1681 			logit("Warning: Remote host denied X11 forwarding.");
1682 		} else {
1683 			packet_disconnect("Protocol error waiting for X11 "
1684 			    "forwarding");
1685 		}
1686 	}
1687 	/* Tell the packet module whether this is an interactive session. */
1688 	packet_set_interactive(interactive,
1689 	    options.ip_qos_interactive, options.ip_qos_bulk);
1690 
1691 	/* Request authentication agent forwarding if appropriate. */
1692 	check_agent_present();
1693 
1694 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1695 		debug("Requesting authentication agent forwarding.");
1696 		auth_request_forwarding();
1697 
1698 		/* Read response from the server. */
1699 		type = packet_read();
1700 		packet_check_eom();
1701 		if (type != SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS)
1702 			logit("Warning: Remote host denied authentication agent forwarding.");
1703 	}
1704 
1705 	/* Initiate port forwardings. */
1706 	ssh_init_stdio_forwarding();
1707 	ssh_init_forwarding();
1708 
1709 	/* Execute a local command */
1710 	if (options.local_command != NULL &&
1711 	    options.permit_local_command)
1712 		ssh_local_cmd(options.local_command);
1713 
1714 	/*
1715 	 * If requested and we are not interested in replies to remote
1716 	 * forwarding requests, then let ssh continue in the background.
1717 	 */
1718 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag) {
1719 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure &&
1720 		    options.num_remote_forwards > 0) {
1721 			debug("deferring postauth fork until remote forward "
1722 			    "confirmation received");
1723 		} else
1724 			fork_postauth();
1725 	}
1726 
1727 	/*
1728 	 * If a command was specified on the command line, execute the
1729 	 * command now. Otherwise request the server to start a shell.
1730 	 */
1731 	if (buffer_len(&command) > 0) {
1732 		int len = buffer_len(&command);
1733 		if (len > 900)
1734 			len = 900;
1735 		debug("Sending command: %.*s", len,
1736 		    (u_char *)buffer_ptr(&command));
1737 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_EXEC_CMD);
1738 		packet_put_string(buffer_ptr(&command), buffer_len(&command));
1739 		packet_send();
1740 		packet_write_wait();
1741 	} else {
1742 		debug("Requesting shell.");
1743 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_EXEC_SHELL);
1744 		packet_send();
1745 		packet_write_wait();
1746 	}
1747 
1748 	/* Enter the interactive session. */
1749 	return client_loop(have_tty, tty_flag ?
1750 	    options.escape_char : SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE, 0);
1751 }
1752 
1753 /* request pty/x11/agent/tcpfwd/shell for channel */
1754 static void
1755 ssh_session2_setup(int id, int success, void *arg)
1756 {
1757 	extern char **environ;
1758 	const char *display;
1759 	int interactive = tty_flag;
1760 	char *proto = NULL, *data = NULL;
1761 
1762 	if (!success)
1763 		return; /* No need for error message, channels code sens one */
1764 
1765 	display = getenv("DISPLAY");
1766 	if (display == NULL && options.forward_x11)
1767 		debug("X11 forwarding requested but DISPLAY not set");
1768 	if (options.forward_x11 && client_x11_get_proto(display,
1769 	    options.xauth_location, options.forward_x11_trusted,
1770 	    options.forward_x11_timeout, &proto, &data) == 0) {
1771 		/* Request forwarding with authentication spoofing. */
1772 		debug("Requesting X11 forwarding with authentication "
1773 		    "spoofing.");
1774 		x11_request_forwarding_with_spoofing(id, display, proto,
1775 		    data, 1);
1776 		client_expect_confirm(id, "X11 forwarding", CONFIRM_WARN);
1777 		/* XXX exit_on_forward_failure */
1778 		interactive = 1;
1779 	}
1780 
1781 	check_agent_present();
1782 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1783 		debug("Requesting authentication agent forwarding.");
1784 		channel_request_start(id, "auth-agent-req@openssh.com", 0);
1785 		packet_send();
1786 	}
1787 
1788 	/* Tell the packet module whether this is an interactive session. */
1789 	packet_set_interactive(interactive,
1790 	    options.ip_qos_interactive, options.ip_qos_bulk);
1791 
1792 	client_session2_setup(id, tty_flag, subsystem_flag, getenv("TERM"),
1793 	    NULL, fileno(stdin), &command, environ);
1794 }
1795 
1796 /* open new channel for a session */
1797 static int
1798 ssh_session2_open(void)
1799 {
1800 	Channel *c;
1801 	int window, packetmax, in, out, err;
1802 
1803 	if (stdin_null_flag) {
1804 		in = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY);
1805 	} else {
1806 		in = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
1807 	}
1808 	out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO);
1809 	err = dup(STDERR_FILENO);
1810 
1811 	if (in < 0 || out < 0 || err < 0)
1812 		fatal("dup() in/out/err failed");
1813 
1814 	/* enable nonblocking unless tty */
1815 	if (!isatty(in))
1816 		set_nonblock(in);
1817 	if (!isatty(out))
1818 		set_nonblock(out);
1819 	if (!isatty(err))
1820 		set_nonblock(err);
1821 
1822 	window = CHAN_SES_WINDOW_DEFAULT;
1823 	packetmax = CHAN_SES_PACKET_DEFAULT;
1824 	if (tty_flag) {
1825 		window >>= 1;
1826 		packetmax >>= 1;
1827 	}
1828 	c = channel_new(
1829 	    "session", SSH_CHANNEL_OPENING, in, out, err,
1830 	    window, packetmax, CHAN_EXTENDED_WRITE,
1831 	    "client-session", /*nonblock*/0);
1832 
1833 	debug3("ssh_session2_open: channel_new: %d", c->self);
1834 
1835 	channel_send_open(c->self);
1836 	if (!no_shell_flag)
1837 		channel_register_open_confirm(c->self,
1838 		    ssh_session2_setup, NULL);
1839 
1840 	return c->self;
1841 }
1842 
1843 static int
1844 ssh_session2(void)
1845 {
1846 	int id = -1;
1847 
1848 	/* XXX should be pre-session */
1849 	if (!options.control_persist)
1850 		ssh_init_stdio_forwarding();
1851 	ssh_init_forwarding();
1852 
1853 	/* Start listening for multiplex clients */
1854 	muxserver_listen();
1855 
1856  	/*
1857 	 * If we are in control persist mode and have a working mux listen
1858 	 * socket, then prepare to background ourselves and have a foreground
1859 	 * client attach as a control slave.
1860 	 * NB. we must save copies of the flags that we override for
1861 	 * the backgrounding, since we defer attachment of the slave until
1862 	 * after the connection is fully established (in particular,
1863 	 * async rfwd replies have been received for ExitOnForwardFailure).
1864 	 */
1865  	if (options.control_persist && muxserver_sock != -1) {
1866 		ostdin_null_flag = stdin_null_flag;
1867 		ono_shell_flag = no_shell_flag;
1868 		orequest_tty = options.request_tty;
1869 		otty_flag = tty_flag;
1870  		stdin_null_flag = 1;
1871  		no_shell_flag = 1;
1872  		tty_flag = 0;
1873 		if (!fork_after_authentication_flag)
1874 			need_controlpersist_detach = 1;
1875 		fork_after_authentication_flag = 1;
1876  	}
1877 	/*
1878 	 * ControlPersist mux listen socket setup failed, attempt the
1879 	 * stdio forward setup that we skipped earlier.
1880 	 */
1881 	if (options.control_persist && muxserver_sock == -1)
1882 		ssh_init_stdio_forwarding();
1883 
1884 	if (!no_shell_flag || (datafellows & SSH_BUG_DUMMYCHAN))
1885 		id = ssh_session2_open();
1886 	else {
1887 		packet_set_interactive(
1888 		    options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_NO,
1889 		    options.ip_qos_interactive, options.ip_qos_bulk);
1890 	}
1891 
1892 	/* If we don't expect to open a new session, then disallow it */
1893 	if (options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_NO &&
1894 	    (datafellows & SSH_NEW_OPENSSH)) {
1895 		debug("Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com");
1896 		packet_start(SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST);
1897 		packet_put_cstring("no-more-sessions@openssh.com");
1898 		packet_put_char(0);
1899 		packet_send();
1900 	}
1901 
1902 	/* Execute a local command */
1903 	if (options.local_command != NULL &&
1904 	    options.permit_local_command)
1905 		ssh_local_cmd(options.local_command);
1906 
1907 	/*
1908 	 * If requested and we are not interested in replies to remote
1909 	 * forwarding requests, then let ssh continue in the background.
1910 	 */
1911 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag) {
1912 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure &&
1913 		    options.num_remote_forwards > 0) {
1914 			debug("deferring postauth fork until remote forward "
1915 			    "confirmation received");
1916 		} else
1917 			fork_postauth();
1918 	}
1919 
1920 	return client_loop(tty_flag, tty_flag ?
1921 	    options.escape_char : SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE, id);
1922 }
1923 
1924 /* Loads all IdentityFile and CertificateFile keys */
1925 static void
1926 load_public_identity_files(void)
1927 {
1928 	char *filename, *cp, thishost[NI_MAXHOST];
1929 	char *pwdir = NULL, *pwname = NULL;
1930 	Key *public;
1931 	struct passwd *pw;
1932 	int i;
1933 	u_int n_ids, n_certs;
1934 	char *identity_files[SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES];
1935 	Key *identity_keys[SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES];
1936 	char *certificate_files[SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES];
1937 	struct sshkey *certificates[SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES];
1938 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1939 	Key **keys;
1940 	int nkeys;
1941 #endif /* PKCS11 */
1942 
1943 	n_ids = n_certs = 0;
1944 	memset(identity_files, 0, sizeof(identity_files));
1945 	memset(identity_keys, 0, sizeof(identity_keys));
1946 	memset(certificate_files, 0, sizeof(certificate_files));
1947 	memset(certificates, 0, sizeof(certificates));
1948 
1949 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1950 	if (options.pkcs11_provider != NULL &&
1951 	    options.num_identity_files < SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES &&
1952 	    (pkcs11_init(!options.batch_mode) == 0) &&
1953 	    (nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(options.pkcs11_provider, NULL,
1954 	    &keys)) > 0) {
1955 		for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1956 			if (n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES) {
1957 				key_free(keys[i]);
1958 				continue;
1959 			}
1960 			identity_keys[n_ids] = keys[i];
1961 			identity_files[n_ids] =
1962 			    xstrdup(options.pkcs11_provider); /* XXX */
1963 			n_ids++;
1964 		}
1965 		free(keys);
1966 	}
1967 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1968 	if ((pw = getpwuid(original_real_uid)) == NULL)
1969 		fatal("load_public_identity_files: getpwuid failed");
1970 	pwname = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
1971 	pwdir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
1972 	if (gethostname(thishost, sizeof(thishost)) == -1)
1973 		fatal("load_public_identity_files: gethostname: %s",
1974 		    strerror(errno));
1975 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
1976 		if (n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES ||
1977 		    strcasecmp(options.identity_files[i], "none") == 0) {
1978 			free(options.identity_files[i]);
1979 			options.identity_files[i] = NULL;
1980 			continue;
1981 		}
1982 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.identity_files[i],
1983 		    original_real_uid);
1984 		filename = percent_expand(cp, "d", pwdir,
1985 		    "u", pwname, "l", thishost, "h", host,
1986 		    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
1987 		free(cp);
1988 		public = key_load_public(filename, NULL);
1989 		debug("identity file %s type %d", filename,
1990 		    public ? public->type : -1);
1991 		free(options.identity_files[i]);
1992 		identity_files[n_ids] = filename;
1993 		identity_keys[n_ids] = public;
1994 
1995 		if (++n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES)
1996 			continue;
1997 
1998 		/*
1999 		 * If no certificates have been explicitly listed then try
2000 		 * to add the default certificate variant too.
2001 		 */
2002 		if (options.num_certificate_files != 0)
2003 			continue;
2004 		xasprintf(&cp, "%s-cert", filename);
2005 		public = key_load_public(cp, NULL);
2006 		debug("identity file %s type %d", cp,
2007 		    public ? public->type : -1);
2008 		if (public == NULL) {
2009 			free(cp);
2010 			continue;
2011 		}
2012 		if (!key_is_cert(public)) {
2013 			debug("%s: key %s type %s is not a certificate",
2014 			    __func__, cp, key_type(public));
2015 			key_free(public);
2016 			free(cp);
2017 			continue;
2018 		}
2019 		identity_keys[n_ids] = public;
2020 		identity_files[n_ids] = cp;
2021 		n_ids++;
2022 	}
2023 
2024 	if (options.num_certificate_files > SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES)
2025 		fatal("%s: too many certificates", __func__);
2026 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_certificate_files; i++) {
2027 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.certificate_files[i],
2028 		    original_real_uid);
2029 		filename = percent_expand(cp, "d", pwdir,
2030 		    "u", pwname, "l", thishost, "h", host,
2031 		    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
2032 		free(cp);
2033 
2034 		public = key_load_public(filename, NULL);
2035 		debug("certificate file %s type %d", filename,
2036 		    public ? public->type : -1);
2037 		free(options.certificate_files[i]);
2038 		options.certificate_files[i] = NULL;
2039 		if (public == NULL) {
2040 			free(filename);
2041 			continue;
2042 		}
2043 		if (!key_is_cert(public)) {
2044 			debug("%s: key %s type %s is not a certificate",
2045 			    __func__, filename, key_type(public));
2046 			key_free(public);
2047 			free(filename);
2048 			continue;
2049 		}
2050 		certificate_files[n_certs] = filename;
2051 		certificates[n_certs] = public;
2052 		++n_certs;
2053 	}
2054 
2055 	options.num_identity_files = n_ids;
2056 	memcpy(options.identity_files, identity_files, sizeof(identity_files));
2057 	memcpy(options.identity_keys, identity_keys, sizeof(identity_keys));
2058 
2059 	options.num_certificate_files = n_certs;
2060 	memcpy(options.certificate_files,
2061 	    certificate_files, sizeof(certificate_files));
2062 	memcpy(options.certificates, certificates, sizeof(certificates));
2063 
2064 	explicit_bzero(pwname, strlen(pwname));
2065 	free(pwname);
2066 	explicit_bzero(pwdir, strlen(pwdir));
2067 	free(pwdir);
2068 }
2069 
2070 static void
2071 main_sigchld_handler(int sig)
2072 {
2073 	int save_errno = errno;
2074 	pid_t pid;
2075 	int status;
2076 
2077 	while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) > 0 ||
2078 	    (pid < 0 && errno == EINTR))
2079 		;
2080 
2081 	signal(sig, main_sigchld_handler);
2082 	errno = save_errno;
2083 }
2084