xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/ssh.c (revision ae3cb403620ab940fbaabb3055fac045a63d56b7)
1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh.c,v 1.469 2017/11/01 00:04:15 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Ssh client program.  This program can be used to log into a remote machine.
7  * The software supports strong authentication, encryption, and forwarding
8  * of X11, TCP/IP, and authentication connections.
9  *
10  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
11  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
12  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
13  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
14  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
15  *
16  * Copyright (c) 1999 Niels Provos.  All rights reserved.
17  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
18  *
19  * Modified to work with SSL by Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
20  * in Canada (German citizen).
21  *
22  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
23  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
24  * are met:
25  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
26  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
27  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
28  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
29  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
30  *
31  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
32  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
33  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
34  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
35  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
36  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
37  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
38  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
39  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
40  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
41  */
42 
43 #include <sys/types.h>
44 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
45 #include <sys/queue.h>
46 #include <sys/resource.h>
47 #include <sys/socket.h>
48 #include <sys/stat.h>
49 #include <sys/time.h>
50 #include <sys/wait.h>
51 
52 #include <ctype.h>
53 #include <errno.h>
54 #include <fcntl.h>
55 #include <netdb.h>
56 #include <paths.h>
57 #include <pwd.h>
58 #include <signal.h>
59 #include <stddef.h>
60 #include <stdio.h>
61 #include <stdlib.h>
62 #include <string.h>
63 #include <unistd.h>
64 #include <limits.h>
65 #include <locale.h>
66 
67 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
68 #include <openssl/evp.h>
69 #include <openssl/err.h>
70 #endif
71 
72 #include "xmalloc.h"
73 #include "ssh.h"
74 #include "ssh2.h"
75 #include "canohost.h"
76 #include "compat.h"
77 #include "cipher.h"
78 #include "digest.h"
79 #include "packet.h"
80 #include "buffer.h"
81 #include "channels.h"
82 #include "key.h"
83 #include "authfd.h"
84 #include "authfile.h"
85 #include "pathnames.h"
86 #include "dispatch.h"
87 #include "clientloop.h"
88 #include "log.h"
89 #include "misc.h"
90 #include "readconf.h"
91 #include "sshconnect.h"
92 #include "kex.h"
93 #include "mac.h"
94 #include "sshpty.h"
95 #include "match.h"
96 #include "msg.h"
97 #include "uidswap.h"
98 #include "version.h"
99 #include "ssherr.h"
100 #include "myproposal.h"
101 
102 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
103 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
104 #endif
105 
106 extern char *__progname;
107 
108 /* Flag indicating whether debug mode is on.  May be set on the command line. */
109 int debug_flag = 0;
110 
111 /* Flag indicating whether a tty should be requested */
112 int tty_flag = 0;
113 
114 /* don't exec a shell */
115 int no_shell_flag = 0;
116 
117 /*
118  * Flag indicating that nothing should be read from stdin.  This can be set
119  * on the command line.
120  */
121 int stdin_null_flag = 0;
122 
123 /*
124  * Flag indicating that the current process should be backgrounded and
125  * a new slave launched in the foreground for ControlPersist.
126  */
127 int need_controlpersist_detach = 0;
128 
129 /* Copies of flags for ControlPersist foreground slave */
130 int ostdin_null_flag, ono_shell_flag, otty_flag, orequest_tty;
131 
132 /*
133  * Flag indicating that ssh should fork after authentication.  This is useful
134  * so that the passphrase can be entered manually, and then ssh goes to the
135  * background.
136  */
137 int fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
138 
139 /*
140  * General data structure for command line options and options configurable
141  * in configuration files.  See readconf.h.
142  */
143 Options options;
144 
145 /* optional user configfile */
146 char *config = NULL;
147 
148 /*
149  * Name of the host we are connecting to.  This is the name given on the
150  * command line, or the HostName specified for the user-supplied name in a
151  * configuration file.
152  */
153 char *host;
154 
155 /* Various strings used to to percent_expand() arguments */
156 static char thishost[NI_MAXHOST], shorthost[NI_MAXHOST], portstr[NI_MAXSERV];
157 static char uidstr[32], *host_arg, *conn_hash_hex;
158 
159 /* socket address the host resolves to */
160 struct sockaddr_storage hostaddr;
161 
162 /* Private host keys. */
163 Sensitive sensitive_data;
164 
165 /* Original real UID. */
166 uid_t original_real_uid;
167 uid_t original_effective_uid;
168 
169 /* command to be executed */
170 Buffer command;
171 
172 /* Should we execute a command or invoke a subsystem? */
173 int subsystem_flag = 0;
174 
175 /* # of replies received for global requests */
176 static int remote_forward_confirms_received = 0;
177 
178 /* mux.c */
179 extern int muxserver_sock;
180 extern u_int muxclient_command;
181 
182 /* Prints a help message to the user.  This function never returns. */
183 
184 static void
185 usage(void)
186 {
187 	fprintf(stderr,
188 "usage: ssh [-46AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec]\n"
189 "           [-D [bind_address:]port] [-E log_file] [-e escape_char]\n"
190 "           [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11] [-i identity_file]\n"
191 "           [-J [user@]host[:port]] [-L address] [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec]\n"
192 "           [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-p port] [-Q query_option] [-R address]\n"
193 "           [-S ctl_path] [-W host:port] [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]]\n"
194 "           destination [command]\n"
195 	);
196 	exit(255);
197 }
198 
199 static int ssh_session2(struct ssh *, struct passwd *);
200 static void load_public_identity_files(struct passwd *);
201 static void main_sigchld_handler(int);
202 
203 /* ~/ expand a list of paths. NB. assumes path[n] is heap-allocated. */
204 static void
205 tilde_expand_paths(char **paths, u_int num_paths)
206 {
207 	u_int i;
208 	char *cp;
209 
210 	for (i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
211 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(paths[i], original_real_uid);
212 		free(paths[i]);
213 		paths[i] = cp;
214 	}
215 }
216 
217 /*
218  * Attempt to resolve a host name / port to a set of addresses and
219  * optionally return any CNAMEs encountered along the way.
220  * Returns NULL on failure.
221  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
222  */
223 static struct addrinfo *
224 resolve_host(const char *name, int port, int logerr, char *cname, size_t clen)
225 {
226 	char strport[NI_MAXSERV];
227 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
228 	int gaierr, loglevel = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
229 
230 	if (port <= 0)
231 		port = default_ssh_port();
232 
233 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%d", port);
234 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
235 	hints.ai_family = options.address_family == -1 ?
236 	    AF_UNSPEC : options.address_family;
237 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
238 	if (cname != NULL)
239 		hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
240 	if ((gaierr = getaddrinfo(name, strport, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
241 		if (logerr || (gaierr != EAI_NONAME && gaierr != EAI_NODATA))
242 			loglevel = SYSLOG_LEVEL_ERROR;
243 		do_log2(loglevel, "%s: Could not resolve hostname %.100s: %s",
244 		    __progname, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
245 		return NULL;
246 	}
247 	if (cname != NULL && res->ai_canonname != NULL) {
248 		if (strlcpy(cname, res->ai_canonname, clen) >= clen) {
249 			error("%s: host \"%s\" cname \"%s\" too long (max %lu)",
250 			    __func__, name,  res->ai_canonname, (u_long)clen);
251 			if (clen > 0)
252 				*cname = '\0';
253 		}
254 	}
255 	return res;
256 }
257 
258 /*
259  * Attempt to resolve a numeric host address / port to a single address.
260  * Returns a canonical address string.
261  * Returns NULL on failure.
262  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
263  */
264 static struct addrinfo *
265 resolve_addr(const char *name, int port, char *caddr, size_t clen)
266 {
267 	char addr[NI_MAXHOST], strport[NI_MAXSERV];
268 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
269 	int gaierr;
270 
271 	if (port <= 0)
272 		port = default_ssh_port();
273 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%u", port);
274 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
275 	hints.ai_family = options.address_family == -1 ?
276 	    AF_UNSPEC : options.address_family;
277 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
278 	hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST|AI_NUMERICSERV;
279 	if ((gaierr = getaddrinfo(name, strport, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
280 		debug2("%s: could not resolve name %.100s as address: %s",
281 		    __func__, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
282 		return NULL;
283 	}
284 	if (res == NULL) {
285 		debug("%s: getaddrinfo %.100s returned no addresses",
286 		 __func__, name);
287 		return NULL;
288 	}
289 	if (res->ai_next != NULL) {
290 		debug("%s: getaddrinfo %.100s returned multiple addresses",
291 		    __func__, name);
292 		goto fail;
293 	}
294 	if ((gaierr = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
295 	    addr, sizeof(addr), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) != 0) {
296 		debug("%s: Could not format address for name %.100s: %s",
297 		    __func__, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
298 		goto fail;
299 	}
300 	if (strlcpy(caddr, addr, clen) >= clen) {
301 		error("%s: host \"%s\" addr \"%s\" too long (max %lu)",
302 		    __func__, name,  addr, (u_long)clen);
303 		if (clen > 0)
304 			*caddr = '\0';
305  fail:
306 		freeaddrinfo(res);
307 		return NULL;
308 	}
309 	return res;
310 }
311 
312 /*
313  * Check whether the cname is a permitted replacement for the hostname
314  * and perform the replacement if it is.
315  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
316  */
317 static int
318 check_follow_cname(int direct, char **namep, const char *cname)
319 {
320 	int i;
321 	struct allowed_cname *rule;
322 
323 	if (*cname == '\0' || options.num_permitted_cnames == 0 ||
324 	    strcmp(*namep, cname) == 0)
325 		return 0;
326 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_NO)
327 		return 0;
328 	/*
329 	 * Don't attempt to canonicalize names that will be interpreted by
330 	 * a proxy or jump host unless the user specifically requests so.
331 	 */
332 	if (!direct &&
333 	    options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)
334 		return 0;
335 	debug3("%s: check \"%s\" CNAME \"%s\"", __func__, *namep, cname);
336 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_permitted_cnames; i++) {
337 		rule = options.permitted_cnames + i;
338 		if (match_pattern_list(*namep, rule->source_list, 1) != 1 ||
339 		    match_pattern_list(cname, rule->target_list, 1) != 1)
340 			continue;
341 		verbose("Canonicalized DNS aliased hostname "
342 		    "\"%s\" => \"%s\"", *namep, cname);
343 		free(*namep);
344 		*namep = xstrdup(cname);
345 		return 1;
346 	}
347 	return 0;
348 }
349 
350 /*
351  * Attempt to resolve the supplied hostname after applying the user's
352  * canonicalization rules. Returns the address list for the host or NULL
353  * if no name was found after canonicalization.
354  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
355  */
356 static struct addrinfo *
357 resolve_canonicalize(char **hostp, int port)
358 {
359 	int i, direct, ndots;
360 	char *cp, *fullhost, newname[NI_MAXHOST];
361 	struct addrinfo *addrs;
362 
363 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_NO)
364 		return NULL;
365 
366 	/*
367 	 * Don't attempt to canonicalize names that will be interpreted by
368 	 * a proxy unless the user specifically requests so.
369 	 */
370 	direct = option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command) &&
371 	    options.jump_host == NULL;
372 	if (!direct &&
373 	    options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)
374 		return NULL;
375 
376 	/* Try numeric hostnames first */
377 	if ((addrs = resolve_addr(*hostp, port,
378 	    newname, sizeof(newname))) != NULL) {
379 		debug2("%s: hostname %.100s is address", __func__, *hostp);
380 		if (strcasecmp(*hostp, newname) != 0) {
381 			debug2("%s: canonicalised address \"%s\" => \"%s\"",
382 			    __func__, *hostp, newname);
383 			free(*hostp);
384 			*hostp = xstrdup(newname);
385 		}
386 		return addrs;
387 	}
388 
389 	/* If domain name is anchored, then resolve it now */
390 	if ((*hostp)[strlen(*hostp) - 1] == '.') {
391 		debug3("%s: name is fully qualified", __func__);
392 		fullhost = xstrdup(*hostp);
393 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(fullhost, port, 0,
394 		    newname, sizeof(newname))) != NULL)
395 			goto found;
396 		free(fullhost);
397 		goto notfound;
398 	}
399 
400 	/* Don't apply canonicalization to sufficiently-qualified hostnames */
401 	ndots = 0;
402 	for (cp = *hostp; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
403 		if (*cp == '.')
404 			ndots++;
405 	}
406 	if (ndots > options.canonicalize_max_dots) {
407 		debug3("%s: not canonicalizing hostname \"%s\" (max dots %d)",
408 		    __func__, *hostp, options.canonicalize_max_dots);
409 		return NULL;
410 	}
411 	/* Attempt each supplied suffix */
412 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_canonical_domains; i++) {
413 		*newname = '\0';
414 		xasprintf(&fullhost, "%s.%s.", *hostp,
415 		    options.canonical_domains[i]);
416 		debug3("%s: attempting \"%s\" => \"%s\"", __func__,
417 		    *hostp, fullhost);
418 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(fullhost, port, 0,
419 		    newname, sizeof(newname))) == NULL) {
420 			free(fullhost);
421 			continue;
422 		}
423  found:
424 		/* Remove trailing '.' */
425 		fullhost[strlen(fullhost) - 1] = '\0';
426 		/* Follow CNAME if requested */
427 		if (!check_follow_cname(direct, &fullhost, newname)) {
428 			debug("Canonicalized hostname \"%s\" => \"%s\"",
429 			    *hostp, fullhost);
430 		}
431 		free(*hostp);
432 		*hostp = fullhost;
433 		return addrs;
434 	}
435  notfound:
436 	if (!options.canonicalize_fallback_local)
437 		fatal("%s: Could not resolve host \"%s\"", __progname, *hostp);
438 	debug2("%s: host %s not found in any suffix", __func__, *hostp);
439 	return NULL;
440 }
441 
442 /*
443  * Read per-user configuration file.  Ignore the system wide config
444  * file if the user specifies a config file on the command line.
445  */
446 static void
447 process_config_files(const char *host_name, struct passwd *pw, int post_canon)
448 {
449 	char buf[PATH_MAX];
450 	int r;
451 
452 	if (config != NULL) {
453 		if (strcasecmp(config, "none") != 0 &&
454 		    !read_config_file(config, pw, host, host_name, &options,
455 		    SSHCONF_USERCONF | (post_canon ? SSHCONF_POSTCANON : 0)))
456 			fatal("Can't open user config file %.100s: "
457 			    "%.100s", config, strerror(errno));
458 	} else {
459 		r = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir,
460 		    _PATH_SSH_USER_CONFFILE);
461 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < sizeof(buf))
462 			(void)read_config_file(buf, pw, host, host_name,
463 			    &options, SSHCONF_CHECKPERM | SSHCONF_USERCONF |
464 			    (post_canon ? SSHCONF_POSTCANON : 0));
465 
466 		/* Read systemwide configuration file after user config. */
467 		(void)read_config_file(_PATH_HOST_CONFIG_FILE, pw,
468 		    host, host_name, &options,
469 		    post_canon ? SSHCONF_POSTCANON : 0);
470 	}
471 }
472 
473 /* Rewrite the port number in an addrinfo list of addresses */
474 static void
475 set_addrinfo_port(struct addrinfo *addrs, int port)
476 {
477 	struct addrinfo *addr;
478 
479 	for (addr = addrs; addr != NULL; addr = addr->ai_next) {
480 		switch (addr->ai_family) {
481 		case AF_INET:
482 			((struct sockaddr_in *)addr->ai_addr)->
483 			    sin_port = htons(port);
484 			break;
485 		case AF_INET6:
486 			((struct sockaddr_in6 *)addr->ai_addr)->
487 			    sin6_port = htons(port);
488 			break;
489 		}
490 	}
491 }
492 
493 /*
494  * Main program for the ssh client.
495  */
496 int
497 main(int ac, char **av)
498 {
499 	struct ssh *ssh = NULL;
500 	int i, r, opt, exit_status, use_syslog, direct, timeout_ms;
501 	int config_test = 0, opt_terminated = 0;
502 	char *p, *cp, *line, *argv0, buf[PATH_MAX], *logfile;
503 	char cname[NI_MAXHOST];
504 	struct stat st;
505 	struct passwd *pw;
506 	extern int optind, optreset;
507 	extern char *optarg;
508 	struct Forward fwd;
509 	struct addrinfo *addrs = NULL;
510 	struct ssh_digest_ctx *md;
511 	u_char conn_hash[SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH];
512 
513 	ssh_malloc_init();	/* must be called before any mallocs */
514 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
515 	sanitise_stdfd();
516 
517 	/*
518 	 * Discard other fds that are hanging around. These can cause problem
519 	 * with backgrounded ssh processes started by ControlPersist.
520 	 */
521 	closefrom(STDERR_FILENO + 1);
522 
523 	/*
524 	 * Save the original real uid.  It will be needed later (uid-swapping
525 	 * may clobber the real uid).
526 	 */
527 	original_real_uid = getuid();
528 	original_effective_uid = geteuid();
529 
530 	/*
531 	 * Use uid-swapping to give up root privileges for the duration of
532 	 * option processing.  We will re-instantiate the rights when we are
533 	 * ready to create the privileged port, and will permanently drop
534 	 * them when the port has been created (actually, when the connection
535 	 * has been made, as we may need to create the port several times).
536 	 */
537 	PRIV_END;
538 
539 	/* If we are installed setuid root be careful to not drop core. */
540 	if (original_real_uid != original_effective_uid) {
541 		struct rlimit rlim;
542 		rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 0;
543 		if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim) < 0)
544 			fatal("setrlimit failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
545 	}
546 	/* Get user data. */
547 	pw = getpwuid(original_real_uid);
548 	if (!pw) {
549 		logit("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)original_real_uid);
550 		exit(255);
551 	}
552 	/* Take a copy of the returned structure. */
553 	pw = pwcopy(pw);
554 
555 	/*
556 	 * Set our umask to something reasonable, as some files are created
557 	 * with the default umask.  This will make them world-readable but
558 	 * writable only by the owner, which is ok for all files for which we
559 	 * don't set the modes explicitly.
560 	 */
561 	umask(022);
562 
563 	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
564 
565 	/*
566 	 * Initialize option structure to indicate that no values have been
567 	 * set.
568 	 */
569 	initialize_options(&options);
570 
571 	/*
572 	 * Prepare main ssh transport/connection structures
573 	 */
574 	if ((ssh = ssh_alloc_session_state()) == NULL)
575 		fatal("Couldn't allocate session state");
576 	channel_init_channels(ssh);
577 	active_state = ssh; /* XXX legacy API compat */
578 
579 	/* Parse command-line arguments. */
580 	host = NULL;
581 	use_syslog = 0;
582 	logfile = NULL;
583 	argv0 = av[0];
584 
585  again:
586 	while ((opt = getopt(ac, av, "1246ab:c:e:fgi:kl:m:no:p:qstvx"
587 	    "ACD:E:F:GI:J:KL:MNO:PQ:R:S:TVw:W:XYy")) != -1) {
588 		switch (opt) {
589 		case '1':
590 			fatal("SSH protocol v.1 is no longer supported");
591 			break;
592 		case '2':
593 			/* Ignored */
594 			break;
595 		case '4':
596 			options.address_family = AF_INET;
597 			break;
598 		case '6':
599 			options.address_family = AF_INET6;
600 			break;
601 		case 'n':
602 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
603 			break;
604 		case 'f':
605 			fork_after_authentication_flag = 1;
606 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
607 			break;
608 		case 'x':
609 			options.forward_x11 = 0;
610 			break;
611 		case 'X':
612 			options.forward_x11 = 1;
613 			break;
614 		case 'y':
615 			use_syslog = 1;
616 			break;
617 		case 'E':
618 			logfile = optarg;
619 			break;
620 		case 'G':
621 			config_test = 1;
622 			break;
623 		case 'Y':
624 			options.forward_x11 = 1;
625 			options.forward_x11_trusted = 1;
626 			break;
627 		case 'g':
628 			options.fwd_opts.gateway_ports = 1;
629 			break;
630 		case 'O':
631 			if (options.stdio_forward_host != NULL)
632 				fatal("Cannot specify multiplexing "
633 				    "command with -W");
634 			else if (muxclient_command != 0)
635 				fatal("Multiplexing command already specified");
636 			if (strcmp(optarg, "check") == 0)
637 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_ALIVE_CHECK;
638 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "forward") == 0)
639 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_FORWARD;
640 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "exit") == 0)
641 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_TERMINATE;
642 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "stop") == 0)
643 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_STOP;
644 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "cancel") == 0)
645 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_CANCEL_FWD;
646 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "proxy") == 0)
647 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_PROXY;
648 			else
649 				fatal("Invalid multiplex command.");
650 			break;
651 		case 'P':	/* deprecated */
652 			options.use_privileged_port = 0;
653 			break;
654 		case 'Q':
655 			cp = NULL;
656 			if (strcmp(optarg, "cipher") == 0)
657 				cp = cipher_alg_list('\n', 0);
658 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "cipher-auth") == 0)
659 				cp = cipher_alg_list('\n', 1);
660 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "mac") == 0)
661 				cp = mac_alg_list('\n');
662 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "kex") == 0)
663 				cp = kex_alg_list('\n');
664 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key") == 0)
665 				cp = sshkey_alg_list(0, 0, 0, '\n');
666 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key-cert") == 0)
667 				cp = sshkey_alg_list(1, 0, 0, '\n');
668 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key-plain") == 0)
669 				cp = sshkey_alg_list(0, 1, 0, '\n');
670 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "protocol-version") == 0) {
671 				cp = xstrdup("2");
672 			}
673 			if (cp == NULL)
674 				fatal("Unsupported query \"%s\"", optarg);
675 			printf("%s\n", cp);
676 			free(cp);
677 			exit(0);
678 			break;
679 		case 'a':
680 			options.forward_agent = 0;
681 			break;
682 		case 'A':
683 			options.forward_agent = 1;
684 			break;
685 		case 'k':
686 			options.gss_deleg_creds = 0;
687 			break;
688 		case 'K':
689 			options.gss_authentication = 1;
690 			options.gss_deleg_creds = 1;
691 			break;
692 		case 'i':
693 			p = tilde_expand_filename(optarg, original_real_uid);
694 			if (stat(p, &st) < 0)
695 				fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Identity file %s "
696 				    "not accessible: %s.\n", p,
697 				    strerror(errno));
698 			else
699 				add_identity_file(&options, NULL, p, 1);
700 			free(p);
701 			break;
702 		case 'I':
703 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
704 			free(options.pkcs11_provider);
705 			options.pkcs11_provider = xstrdup(optarg);
706 #else
707 			fprintf(stderr, "no support for PKCS#11.\n");
708 #endif
709 			break;
710 		case 'J':
711 			if (options.jump_host != NULL)
712 				fatal("Only a single -J option permitted");
713 			if (options.proxy_command != NULL)
714 				fatal("Cannot specify -J with ProxyCommand");
715 			if (parse_jump(optarg, &options, 1) == -1)
716 				fatal("Invalid -J argument");
717 			options.proxy_command = xstrdup("none");
718 			break;
719 		case 't':
720 			if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_YES)
721 				options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_FORCE;
722 			else
723 				options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_YES;
724 			break;
725 		case 'v':
726 			if (debug_flag == 0) {
727 				debug_flag = 1;
728 				options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
729 			} else {
730 				if (options.log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3) {
731 					debug_flag++;
732 					options.log_level++;
733 				}
734 			}
735 			break;
736 		case 'V':
737 			fprintf(stderr, "%s, %s\n",
738 			    SSH_VERSION,
739 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
740 			    SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION)
741 #else
742 			    "without OpenSSL"
743 #endif
744 			);
745 			if (opt == 'V')
746 				exit(0);
747 			break;
748 		case 'w':
749 			if (options.tun_open == -1)
750 				options.tun_open = SSH_TUNMODE_DEFAULT;
751 			options.tun_local = a2tun(optarg, &options.tun_remote);
752 			if (options.tun_local == SSH_TUNID_ERR) {
753 				fprintf(stderr,
754 				    "Bad tun device '%s'\n", optarg);
755 				exit(255);
756 			}
757 			break;
758 		case 'W':
759 			if (options.stdio_forward_host != NULL)
760 				fatal("stdio forward already specified");
761 			if (muxclient_command != 0)
762 				fatal("Cannot specify stdio forward with -O");
763 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 0)) {
764 				options.stdio_forward_host = fwd.listen_host;
765 				options.stdio_forward_port = fwd.listen_port;
766 				free(fwd.connect_host);
767 			} else {
768 				fprintf(stderr,
769 				    "Bad stdio forwarding specification '%s'\n",
770 				    optarg);
771 				exit(255);
772 			}
773 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
774 			no_shell_flag = 1;
775 			break;
776 		case 'q':
777 			options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_QUIET;
778 			break;
779 		case 'e':
780 			if (optarg[0] == '^' && optarg[2] == 0 &&
781 			    (u_char) optarg[1] >= 64 &&
782 			    (u_char) optarg[1] < 128)
783 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[1] & 31;
784 			else if (strlen(optarg) == 1)
785 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[0];
786 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "none") == 0)
787 				options.escape_char = SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE;
788 			else {
789 				fprintf(stderr, "Bad escape character '%s'.\n",
790 				    optarg);
791 				exit(255);
792 			}
793 			break;
794 		case 'c':
795 			if (!ciphers_valid(*optarg == '+' ?
796 			    optarg + 1 : optarg)) {
797 				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown cipher type '%s'\n",
798 				    optarg);
799 				exit(255);
800 			}
801 			free(options.ciphers);
802 			options.ciphers = xstrdup(optarg);
803 			break;
804 		case 'm':
805 			if (mac_valid(optarg)) {
806 				free(options.macs);
807 				options.macs = xstrdup(optarg);
808 			} else {
809 				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown mac type '%s'\n",
810 				    optarg);
811 				exit(255);
812 			}
813 			break;
814 		case 'M':
815 			if (options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_YES)
816 				options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_ASK;
817 			else
818 				options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_YES;
819 			break;
820 		case 'p':
821 			if (options.port == -1) {
822 				options.port = a2port(optarg);
823 				if (options.port <= 0) {
824 					fprintf(stderr, "Bad port '%s'\n",
825 					    optarg);
826 					exit(255);
827 				}
828 			}
829 			break;
830 		case 'l':
831 			if (options.user == NULL)
832 				options.user = optarg;
833 			break;
834 
835 		case 'L':
836 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 0, 0))
837 				add_local_forward(&options, &fwd);
838 			else {
839 				fprintf(stderr,
840 				    "Bad local forwarding specification '%s'\n",
841 				    optarg);
842 				exit(255);
843 			}
844 			break;
845 
846 		case 'R':
847 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 0, 1) ||
848 			    parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 1)) {
849 				add_remote_forward(&options, &fwd);
850 			} else {
851 				fprintf(stderr,
852 				    "Bad remote forwarding specification "
853 				    "'%s'\n", optarg);
854 				exit(255);
855 			}
856 			break;
857 
858 		case 'D':
859 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 0)) {
860 				add_local_forward(&options, &fwd);
861 			} else {
862 				fprintf(stderr,
863 				    "Bad dynamic forwarding specification "
864 				    "'%s'\n", optarg);
865 				exit(255);
866 			}
867 			break;
868 
869 		case 'C':
870 			options.compression = 1;
871 			break;
872 		case 'N':
873 			no_shell_flag = 1;
874 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
875 			break;
876 		case 'T':
877 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
878 			break;
879 		case 'o':
880 			line = xstrdup(optarg);
881 			if (process_config_line(&options, pw,
882 			    host ? host : "", host ? host : "", line,
883 			    "command-line", 0, NULL, SSHCONF_USERCONF) != 0)
884 				exit(255);
885 			free(line);
886 			break;
887 		case 's':
888 			subsystem_flag = 1;
889 			break;
890 		case 'S':
891 			free(options.control_path);
892 			options.control_path = xstrdup(optarg);
893 			break;
894 		case 'b':
895 			options.bind_address = optarg;
896 			break;
897 		case 'F':
898 			config = optarg;
899 			break;
900 		default:
901 			usage();
902 		}
903 	}
904 
905 	if (optind > 1 && strcmp(av[optind - 1], "--") == 0)
906 		opt_terminated = 1;
907 
908 	ac -= optind;
909 	av += optind;
910 
911 	if (ac > 0 && !host) {
912 		int tport;
913 		char *tuser;
914 		switch (parse_ssh_uri(*av, &tuser, &host, &tport)) {
915 		case -1:
916 			usage();
917 			break;
918 		case 0:
919 			if (options.user == NULL) {
920 				options.user = tuser;
921 				tuser = NULL;
922 			}
923 			free(tuser);
924 			if (options.port == -1 && tport != -1)
925 				options.port = tport;
926 			break;
927 		default:
928 			p = xstrdup(*av);
929 			cp = strrchr(p, '@');
930 			if (cp != NULL) {
931 				if (cp == p)
932 					usage();
933 				if (options.user == NULL) {
934 					options.user = p;
935 					p = NULL;
936 				}
937 				*cp++ = '\0';
938 				host = xstrdup(cp);
939 				free(p);
940 			} else
941 				host = p;
942 			break;
943 		}
944 		if (ac > 1 && !opt_terminated) {
945 			optind = optreset = 1;
946 			goto again;
947 		}
948 		ac--, av++;
949 	}
950 
951 	/* Check that we got a host name. */
952 	if (!host)
953 		usage();
954 
955 	host_arg = xstrdup(host);
956 
957 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
958 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
959 	ERR_load_crypto_strings();
960 #endif
961 
962 	/* Initialize the command to execute on remote host. */
963 	buffer_init(&command);
964 
965 	/*
966 	 * Save the command to execute on the remote host in a buffer. There
967 	 * is no limit on the length of the command, except by the maximum
968 	 * packet size.  Also sets the tty flag if there is no command.
969 	 */
970 	if (!ac) {
971 		/* No command specified - execute shell on a tty. */
972 		if (subsystem_flag) {
973 			fprintf(stderr,
974 			    "You must specify a subsystem to invoke.\n");
975 			usage();
976 		}
977 	} else {
978 		/* A command has been specified.  Store it into the buffer. */
979 		for (i = 0; i < ac; i++) {
980 			if (i)
981 				buffer_append(&command, " ", 1);
982 			buffer_append(&command, av[i], strlen(av[i]));
983 		}
984 	}
985 
986 	/*
987 	 * Initialize "log" output.  Since we are the client all output
988 	 * goes to stderr unless otherwise specified by -y or -E.
989 	 */
990 	if (use_syslog && logfile != NULL)
991 		fatal("Can't specify both -y and -E");
992 	if (logfile != NULL)
993 		log_redirect_stderr_to(logfile);
994 	log_init(argv0,
995 	    options.log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_NOT_SET ?
996 	    SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO : options.log_level,
997 	    options.log_facility == SYSLOG_FACILITY_NOT_SET ?
998 	    SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER : options.log_facility,
999 	    !use_syslog);
1000 
1001 	if (debug_flag)
1002 		logit("%s, %s", SSH_VERSION,
1003 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1004 		    SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION)
1005 #else
1006 		    "without OpenSSL"
1007 #endif
1008 		);
1009 
1010 	/* Parse the configuration files */
1011 	process_config_files(host_arg, pw, 0);
1012 
1013 	/* Hostname canonicalisation needs a few options filled. */
1014 	fill_default_options_for_canonicalization(&options);
1015 
1016 	/* If the user has replaced the hostname then take it into use now */
1017 	if (options.hostname != NULL) {
1018 		/* NB. Please keep in sync with readconf.c:match_cfg_line() */
1019 		cp = percent_expand(options.hostname,
1020 		    "h", host, (char *)NULL);
1021 		free(host);
1022 		host = cp;
1023 		free(options.hostname);
1024 		options.hostname = xstrdup(host);
1025 	}
1026 
1027 	/* If canonicalization requested then try to apply it */
1028 	lowercase(host);
1029 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_NO)
1030 		addrs = resolve_canonicalize(&host, options.port);
1031 
1032 	/*
1033 	 * If CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs have been specified but
1034 	 * other canonicalization did not happen (by not being requested
1035 	 * or by failing with fallback) then the hostname may still be changed
1036 	 * as a result of CNAME following.
1037 	 *
1038 	 * Try to resolve the bare hostname name using the system resolver's
1039 	 * usual search rules and then apply the CNAME follow rules.
1040 	 *
1041 	 * Skip the lookup if a ProxyCommand is being used unless the user
1042 	 * has specifically requested canonicalisation for this case via
1043 	 * CanonicalizeHostname=always
1044 	 */
1045 	direct = option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command) &&
1046 	    options.jump_host == NULL;
1047 	if (addrs == NULL && options.num_permitted_cnames != 0 && (direct ||
1048 	    options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)) {
1049 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(host, options.port,
1050 		    option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command),
1051 		    cname, sizeof(cname))) == NULL) {
1052 			/* Don't fatal proxied host names not in the DNS */
1053 			if (option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command))
1054 				cleanup_exit(255); /* logged in resolve_host */
1055 		} else
1056 			check_follow_cname(direct, &host, cname);
1057 	}
1058 
1059 	/*
1060 	 * If canonicalisation is enabled then re-parse the configuration
1061 	 * files as new stanzas may match.
1062 	 */
1063 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname != 0) {
1064 		debug("Re-reading configuration after hostname "
1065 		    "canonicalisation");
1066 		free(options.hostname);
1067 		options.hostname = xstrdup(host);
1068 		process_config_files(host_arg, pw, 1);
1069 		/*
1070 		 * Address resolution happens early with canonicalisation
1071 		 * enabled and the port number may have changed since, so
1072 		 * reset it in address list
1073 		 */
1074 		if (addrs != NULL && options.port > 0)
1075 			set_addrinfo_port(addrs, options.port);
1076 	}
1077 
1078 	/* Fill configuration defaults. */
1079 	fill_default_options(&options);
1080 
1081 	/*
1082 	 * If ProxyJump option specified, then construct a ProxyCommand now.
1083 	 */
1084 	if (options.jump_host != NULL) {
1085 		char port_s[8];
1086 
1087 		/* Consistency check */
1088 		if (options.proxy_command != NULL)
1089 			fatal("inconsistent options: ProxyCommand+ProxyJump");
1090 		/* Never use FD passing for ProxyJump */
1091 		options.proxy_use_fdpass = 0;
1092 		snprintf(port_s, sizeof(port_s), "%d", options.jump_port);
1093 		xasprintf(&options.proxy_command,
1094 		    "ssh%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%.*s -W '[%%h]:%%p' %s",
1095 		    /* Optional "-l user" argument if jump_user set */
1096 		    options.jump_user == NULL ? "" : " -l ",
1097 		    options.jump_user == NULL ? "" : options.jump_user,
1098 		    /* Optional "-p port" argument if jump_port set */
1099 		    options.jump_port <= 0 ? "" : " -p ",
1100 		    options.jump_port <= 0 ? "" : port_s,
1101 		    /* Optional additional jump hosts ",..." */
1102 		    options.jump_extra == NULL ? "" : " -J ",
1103 		    options.jump_extra == NULL ? "" : options.jump_extra,
1104 		    /* Optional "-F" argumment if -F specified */
1105 		    config == NULL ? "" : " -F ",
1106 		    config == NULL ? "" : config,
1107 		    /* Optional "-v" arguments if -v set */
1108 		    debug_flag ? " -" : "",
1109 		    debug_flag, "vvv",
1110 		    /* Mandatory hostname */
1111 		    options.jump_host);
1112 		debug("Setting implicit ProxyCommand from ProxyJump: %s",
1113 		    options.proxy_command);
1114 	}
1115 
1116 	if (options.port == 0)
1117 		options.port = default_ssh_port();
1118 	channel_set_af(ssh, options.address_family);
1119 
1120 	/* Tidy and check options */
1121 	if (options.host_key_alias != NULL)
1122 		lowercase(options.host_key_alias);
1123 	if (options.proxy_command != NULL &&
1124 	    strcmp(options.proxy_command, "-") == 0 &&
1125 	    options.proxy_use_fdpass)
1126 		fatal("ProxyCommand=- and ProxyUseFDPass are incompatible");
1127 	if (options.control_persist &&
1128 	    options.update_hostkeys == SSH_UPDATE_HOSTKEYS_ASK) {
1129 		debug("UpdateHostKeys=ask is incompatible with ControlPersist; "
1130 		    "disabling");
1131 		options.update_hostkeys = 0;
1132 	}
1133 	if (options.connection_attempts <= 0)
1134 		fatal("Invalid number of ConnectionAttempts");
1135 
1136 	if (original_effective_uid != 0)
1137 		options.use_privileged_port = 0;
1138 
1139 	if (buffer_len(&command) != 0 && options.remote_command != NULL)
1140 		fatal("Cannot execute command-line and remote command.");
1141 
1142 	/* Cannot fork to background if no command. */
1143 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag && buffer_len(&command) == 0 &&
1144 	    options.remote_command == NULL && !no_shell_flag)
1145 		fatal("Cannot fork into background without a command "
1146 		    "to execute.");
1147 
1148 	/* reinit */
1149 	log_init(argv0, options.log_level, options.log_facility, !use_syslog);
1150 
1151 	if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_YES ||
1152 	    options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_FORCE)
1153 		tty_flag = 1;
1154 
1155 	/* Allocate a tty by default if no command specified. */
1156 	if (buffer_len(&command) == 0 && options.remote_command == NULL)
1157 		tty_flag = options.request_tty != REQUEST_TTY_NO;
1158 
1159 	/* Force no tty */
1160 	if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_NO ||
1161 	    (muxclient_command && muxclient_command != SSHMUX_COMMAND_PROXY))
1162 		tty_flag = 0;
1163 	/* Do not allocate a tty if stdin is not a tty. */
1164 	if ((!isatty(fileno(stdin)) || stdin_null_flag) &&
1165 	    options.request_tty != REQUEST_TTY_FORCE) {
1166 		if (tty_flag)
1167 			logit("Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because "
1168 			    "stdin is not a terminal.");
1169 		tty_flag = 0;
1170 	}
1171 
1172 	if (options.user == NULL)
1173 		options.user = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
1174 
1175 	/* Set up strings used to percent_expand() arguments */
1176 	if (gethostname(thishost, sizeof(thishost)) == -1)
1177 		fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
1178 	strlcpy(shorthost, thishost, sizeof(shorthost));
1179 	shorthost[strcspn(thishost, ".")] = '\0';
1180 	snprintf(portstr, sizeof(portstr), "%d", options.port);
1181 	snprintf(uidstr, sizeof(uidstr), "%d", pw->pw_uid);
1182 
1183 	if ((md = ssh_digest_start(SSH_DIGEST_SHA1)) == NULL ||
1184 	    ssh_digest_update(md, thishost, strlen(thishost)) < 0 ||
1185 	    ssh_digest_update(md, host, strlen(host)) < 0 ||
1186 	    ssh_digest_update(md, portstr, strlen(portstr)) < 0 ||
1187 	    ssh_digest_update(md, options.user, strlen(options.user)) < 0 ||
1188 	    ssh_digest_final(md, conn_hash, sizeof(conn_hash)) < 0)
1189 		fatal("%s: mux digest failed", __func__);
1190 	ssh_digest_free(md);
1191 	conn_hash_hex = tohex(conn_hash, ssh_digest_bytes(SSH_DIGEST_SHA1));
1192 
1193 	/*
1194 	 * Expand tokens in arguments. NB. LocalCommand is expanded later,
1195 	 * after port-forwarding is set up, so it may pick up any local
1196 	 * tunnel interface name allocated.
1197 	 */
1198 	if (options.remote_command != NULL) {
1199 		debug3("expanding RemoteCommand: %s", options.remote_command);
1200 		cp = options.remote_command;
1201 		options.remote_command = percent_expand(cp,
1202 		    "C", conn_hash_hex,
1203 		    "L", shorthost,
1204 		    "d", pw->pw_dir,
1205 		    "h", host,
1206 		    "l", thishost,
1207 		    "n", host_arg,
1208 		    "p", portstr,
1209 		    "r", options.user,
1210 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
1211 		    (char *)NULL);
1212 		debug3("expanded RemoteCommand: %s", options.remote_command);
1213 		free(cp);
1214 		buffer_append(&command, options.remote_command,
1215 		    strlen(options.remote_command));
1216 	}
1217 
1218 	if (options.control_path != NULL) {
1219 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.control_path,
1220 		    original_real_uid);
1221 		free(options.control_path);
1222 		options.control_path = percent_expand(cp,
1223 		    "C", conn_hash_hex,
1224 		    "L", shorthost,
1225 		    "h", host,
1226 		    "l", thishost,
1227 		    "n", host_arg,
1228 		    "p", portstr,
1229 		    "r", options.user,
1230 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
1231 		    "i", uidstr,
1232 		    (char *)NULL);
1233 		free(cp);
1234 	}
1235 	free(conn_hash_hex);
1236 
1237 	if (config_test) {
1238 		dump_client_config(&options, host);
1239 		exit(0);
1240 	}
1241 
1242 	if (muxclient_command != 0 && options.control_path == NULL)
1243 		fatal("No ControlPath specified for \"-O\" command");
1244 	if (options.control_path != NULL) {
1245 		int sock;
1246 		if ((sock = muxclient(options.control_path)) >= 0) {
1247 			ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, sock, sock);
1248 			packet_set_mux();
1249 			goto skip_connect;
1250 		}
1251 	}
1252 
1253 	/*
1254 	 * If hostname canonicalisation was not enabled, then we may not
1255 	 * have yet resolved the hostname. Do so now.
1256 	 */
1257 	if (addrs == NULL && options.proxy_command == NULL) {
1258 		debug2("resolving \"%s\" port %d", host, options.port);
1259 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(host, options.port, 1,
1260 		    cname, sizeof(cname))) == NULL)
1261 			cleanup_exit(255); /* resolve_host logs the error */
1262 	}
1263 
1264 	timeout_ms = options.connection_timeout * 1000;
1265 
1266 	/* Open a connection to the remote host. */
1267 	if (ssh_connect(ssh, host, addrs, &hostaddr, options.port,
1268 	    options.address_family, options.connection_attempts,
1269 	    &timeout_ms, options.tcp_keep_alive,
1270 	    options.use_privileged_port) != 0)
1271 		exit(255);
1272 
1273 	if (addrs != NULL)
1274 		freeaddrinfo(addrs);
1275 
1276 	packet_set_timeout(options.server_alive_interval,
1277 	    options.server_alive_count_max);
1278 
1279 	ssh = active_state; /* XXX */
1280 
1281 	if (timeout_ms > 0)
1282 		debug3("timeout: %d ms remain after connect", timeout_ms);
1283 
1284 	/*
1285 	 * If we successfully made the connection, load the host private key
1286 	 * in case we will need it later for combined rsa-rhosts
1287 	 * authentication. This must be done before releasing extra
1288 	 * privileges, because the file is only readable by root.
1289 	 * If we cannot access the private keys, load the public keys
1290 	 * instead and try to execute the ssh-keysign helper instead.
1291 	 */
1292 	sensitive_data.nkeys = 0;
1293 	sensitive_data.keys = NULL;
1294 	sensitive_data.external_keysign = 0;
1295 	if (options.hostbased_authentication) {
1296 		sensitive_data.nkeys = 9;
1297 		sensitive_data.keys = xcalloc(sensitive_data.nkeys,
1298 		    sizeof(struct sshkey));	/* XXX */
1299 
1300 		PRIV_START;
1301 		sensitive_data.keys[1] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_ECDSA,
1302 		    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1303 		sensitive_data.keys[2] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_ED25519,
1304 		    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1305 		sensitive_data.keys[3] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_RSA,
1306 		    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1307 		sensitive_data.keys[4] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_DSA,
1308 		    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1309 		sensitive_data.keys[5] = key_load_private_type(KEY_ECDSA,
1310 		    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1311 		sensitive_data.keys[6] = key_load_private_type(KEY_ED25519,
1312 		    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1313 		sensitive_data.keys[7] = key_load_private_type(KEY_RSA,
1314 		    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1315 		sensitive_data.keys[8] = key_load_private_type(KEY_DSA,
1316 		    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1317 		PRIV_END;
1318 
1319 		if (options.hostbased_authentication == 1 &&
1320 		    sensitive_data.keys[0] == NULL &&
1321 		    sensitive_data.keys[5] == NULL &&
1322 		    sensitive_data.keys[6] == NULL &&
1323 		    sensitive_data.keys[7] == NULL &&
1324 		    sensitive_data.keys[8] == NULL) {
1325 			sensitive_data.keys[1] = key_load_cert(
1326 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE);
1327 			sensitive_data.keys[2] = key_load_cert(
1328 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE);
1329 			sensitive_data.keys[3] = key_load_cert(
1330 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE);
1331 			sensitive_data.keys[4] = key_load_cert(
1332 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE);
1333 			sensitive_data.keys[5] = key_load_public(
1334 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1335 			sensitive_data.keys[6] = key_load_public(
1336 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1337 			sensitive_data.keys[7] = key_load_public(
1338 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1339 			sensitive_data.keys[8] = key_load_public(
1340 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1341 			sensitive_data.external_keysign = 1;
1342 		}
1343 	}
1344 	/*
1345 	 * Get rid of any extra privileges that we may have.  We will no
1346 	 * longer need them.  Also, extra privileges could make it very hard
1347 	 * to read identity files and other non-world-readable files from the
1348 	 * user's home directory if it happens to be on a NFS volume where
1349 	 * root is mapped to nobody.
1350 	 */
1351 	if (original_effective_uid == 0) {
1352 		PRIV_START;
1353 		permanently_set_uid(pw);
1354 	}
1355 
1356 	/*
1357 	 * Now that we are back to our own permissions, create ~/.ssh
1358 	 * directory if it doesn't already exist.
1359 	 */
1360 	if (config == NULL) {
1361 		r = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir,
1362 		    strcmp(pw->pw_dir, "/") ? "/" : "", _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
1363 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < sizeof(buf) && stat(buf, &st) < 0)
1364 			if (mkdir(buf, 0700) < 0)
1365 				error("Could not create directory '%.200s'.",
1366 				    buf);
1367 	}
1368 
1369 	/* load options.identity_files */
1370 	load_public_identity_files(pw);
1371 
1372 	/* optionally set the SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME varibale */
1373 	if (options.identity_agent &&
1374 	    strcmp(options.identity_agent, SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME) != 0) {
1375 		if (strcmp(options.identity_agent, "none") == 0) {
1376 			unsetenv(SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME);
1377 		} else {
1378 			p = tilde_expand_filename(options.identity_agent,
1379 			    original_real_uid);
1380 			cp = percent_expand(p, "d", pw->pw_dir,
1381 			    "u", pw->pw_name, "l", thishost, "h", host,
1382 			    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
1383 			setenv(SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME, cp, 1);
1384 			free(cp);
1385 			free(p);
1386 		}
1387 	}
1388 
1389 	/* Expand ~ in known host file names. */
1390 	tilde_expand_paths(options.system_hostfiles,
1391 	    options.num_system_hostfiles);
1392 	tilde_expand_paths(options.user_hostfiles, options.num_user_hostfiles);
1393 
1394 	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); /* ignore SIGPIPE early */
1395 	signal(SIGCHLD, main_sigchld_handler);
1396 
1397 	/* Log into the remote system.  Never returns if the login fails. */
1398 	ssh_login(&sensitive_data, host, (struct sockaddr *)&hostaddr,
1399 	    options.port, pw, timeout_ms);
1400 
1401 	if (packet_connection_is_on_socket()) {
1402 		verbose("Authenticated to %s ([%s]:%d).", host,
1403 		    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh));
1404 	} else {
1405 		verbose("Authenticated to %s (via proxy).", host);
1406 	}
1407 
1408 	/* We no longer need the private host keys.  Clear them now. */
1409 	if (sensitive_data.nkeys != 0) {
1410 		for (i = 0; i < sensitive_data.nkeys; i++) {
1411 			if (sensitive_data.keys[i] != NULL) {
1412 				/* Destroys contents safely */
1413 				debug3("clear hostkey %d", i);
1414 				key_free(sensitive_data.keys[i]);
1415 				sensitive_data.keys[i] = NULL;
1416 			}
1417 		}
1418 		free(sensitive_data.keys);
1419 	}
1420 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
1421 		free(options.identity_files[i]);
1422 		options.identity_files[i] = NULL;
1423 		if (options.identity_keys[i]) {
1424 			key_free(options.identity_keys[i]);
1425 			options.identity_keys[i] = NULL;
1426 		}
1427 	}
1428 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_certificate_files; i++) {
1429 		free(options.certificate_files[i]);
1430 		options.certificate_files[i] = NULL;
1431 	}
1432 
1433  skip_connect:
1434 	exit_status = ssh_session2(ssh, pw);
1435 	packet_close();
1436 
1437 	if (options.control_path != NULL && muxserver_sock != -1)
1438 		unlink(options.control_path);
1439 
1440 	/* Kill ProxyCommand if it is running. */
1441 	ssh_kill_proxy_command();
1442 
1443 	return exit_status;
1444 }
1445 
1446 static void
1447 control_persist_detach(void)
1448 {
1449 	pid_t pid;
1450 	int devnull, keep_stderr;
1451 
1452 	debug("%s: backgrounding master process", __func__);
1453 
1454  	/*
1455  	 * master (current process) into the background, and make the
1456  	 * foreground process a client of the backgrounded master.
1457  	 */
1458 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
1459 	case -1:
1460 		fatal("%s: fork: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1461 	case 0:
1462 		/* Child: master process continues mainloop */
1463  		break;
1464  	default:
1465 		/* Parent: set up mux slave to connect to backgrounded master */
1466 		debug2("%s: background process is %ld", __func__, (long)pid);
1467 		stdin_null_flag = ostdin_null_flag;
1468 		options.request_tty = orequest_tty;
1469 		tty_flag = otty_flag;
1470  		close(muxserver_sock);
1471  		muxserver_sock = -1;
1472 		options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_NO;
1473  		muxclient(options.control_path);
1474 		/* muxclient() doesn't return on success. */
1475  		fatal("Failed to connect to new control master");
1476  	}
1477 	if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
1478 		error("%s: open(\"/dev/null\"): %s", __func__,
1479 		    strerror(errno));
1480 	} else {
1481 		keep_stderr = log_is_on_stderr() && debug_flag;
1482 		if (dup2(devnull, STDIN_FILENO) == -1 ||
1483 		    dup2(devnull, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1 ||
1484 		    (!keep_stderr && dup2(devnull, STDERR_FILENO) == -1))
1485 			error("%s: dup2: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1486 		if (devnull > STDERR_FILENO)
1487 			close(devnull);
1488 	}
1489 	daemon(1, 1);
1490 	setproctitle("%s [mux]", options.control_path);
1491 }
1492 
1493 /* Do fork() after authentication. Used by "ssh -f" */
1494 static void
1495 fork_postauth(void)
1496 {
1497 	if (need_controlpersist_detach)
1498 		control_persist_detach();
1499 	debug("forking to background");
1500 	fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
1501 	if (daemon(1, 1) < 0)
1502 		fatal("daemon() failed: %.200s", strerror(errno));
1503 }
1504 
1505 /* Callback for remote forward global requests */
1506 static void
1507 ssh_confirm_remote_forward(struct ssh *ssh, int type, u_int32_t seq, void *ctxt)
1508 {
1509 	struct Forward *rfwd = (struct Forward *)ctxt;
1510 
1511 	/* XXX verbose() on failure? */
1512 	debug("remote forward %s for: listen %s%s%d, connect %s:%d",
1513 	    type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS ? "success" : "failure",
1514 	    rfwd->listen_path ? rfwd->listen_path :
1515 	    rfwd->listen_host ? rfwd->listen_host : "",
1516 	    (rfwd->listen_path || rfwd->listen_host) ? ":" : "",
1517 	    rfwd->listen_port, rfwd->connect_path ? rfwd->connect_path :
1518 	    rfwd->connect_host, rfwd->connect_port);
1519 	if (rfwd->listen_path == NULL && rfwd->listen_port == 0) {
1520 		if (type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS) {
1521 			rfwd->allocated_port = packet_get_int();
1522 			logit("Allocated port %u for remote forward to %s:%d",
1523 			    rfwd->allocated_port,
1524 			    rfwd->connect_host, rfwd->connect_port);
1525 			channel_update_permitted_opens(ssh,
1526 			    rfwd->handle, rfwd->allocated_port);
1527 		} else {
1528 			channel_update_permitted_opens(ssh, rfwd->handle, -1);
1529 		}
1530 	}
1531 
1532 	if (type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE) {
1533 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure) {
1534 			if (rfwd->listen_path != NULL)
1535 				fatal("Error: remote port forwarding failed "
1536 				    "for listen path %s", rfwd->listen_path);
1537 			else
1538 				fatal("Error: remote port forwarding failed "
1539 				    "for listen port %d", rfwd->listen_port);
1540 		} else {
1541 			if (rfwd->listen_path != NULL)
1542 				logit("Warning: remote port forwarding failed "
1543 				    "for listen path %s", rfwd->listen_path);
1544 			else
1545 				logit("Warning: remote port forwarding failed "
1546 				    "for listen port %d", rfwd->listen_port);
1547 		}
1548 	}
1549 	if (++remote_forward_confirms_received == options.num_remote_forwards) {
1550 		debug("All remote forwarding requests processed");
1551 		if (fork_after_authentication_flag)
1552 			fork_postauth();
1553 	}
1554 }
1555 
1556 static void
1557 client_cleanup_stdio_fwd(struct ssh *ssh, int id, void *arg)
1558 {
1559 	debug("stdio forwarding: done");
1560 	cleanup_exit(0);
1561 }
1562 
1563 static void
1564 ssh_stdio_confirm(struct ssh *ssh, int id, int success, void *arg)
1565 {
1566 	if (!success)
1567 		fatal("stdio forwarding failed");
1568 }
1569 
1570 static void
1571 ssh_init_stdio_forwarding(struct ssh *ssh)
1572 {
1573 	Channel *c;
1574 	int in, out;
1575 
1576 	if (options.stdio_forward_host == NULL)
1577 		return;
1578 
1579 	debug3("%s: %s:%d", __func__, options.stdio_forward_host,
1580 	    options.stdio_forward_port);
1581 
1582 	if ((in = dup(STDIN_FILENO)) < 0 ||
1583 	    (out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO)) < 0)
1584 		fatal("channel_connect_stdio_fwd: dup() in/out failed");
1585 	if ((c = channel_connect_stdio_fwd(ssh, options.stdio_forward_host,
1586 	    options.stdio_forward_port, in, out)) == NULL)
1587 		fatal("%s: channel_connect_stdio_fwd failed", __func__);
1588 	channel_register_cleanup(ssh, c->self, client_cleanup_stdio_fwd, 0);
1589 	channel_register_open_confirm(ssh, c->self, ssh_stdio_confirm, NULL);
1590 }
1591 
1592 static void
1593 ssh_init_forwarding(struct ssh *ssh, char **ifname)
1594 {
1595 	int success = 0;
1596 	int i;
1597 
1598 	/* Initiate local TCP/IP port forwardings. */
1599 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_local_forwards; i++) {
1600 		debug("Local connections to %.200s:%d forwarded to remote "
1601 		    "address %.200s:%d",
1602 		    (options.local_forwards[i].listen_path != NULL) ?
1603 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_path :
1604 		    (options.local_forwards[i].listen_host == NULL) ?
1605 		    (options.fwd_opts.gateway_ports ? "*" : "LOCALHOST") :
1606 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_host,
1607 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_port,
1608 		    (options.local_forwards[i].connect_path != NULL) ?
1609 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_path :
1610 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_host,
1611 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_port);
1612 		success += channel_setup_local_fwd_listener(ssh,
1613 		    &options.local_forwards[i], &options.fwd_opts);
1614 	}
1615 	if (i > 0 && success != i && options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1616 		fatal("Could not request local forwarding.");
1617 	if (i > 0 && success == 0)
1618 		error("Could not request local forwarding.");
1619 
1620 	/* Initiate remote TCP/IP port forwardings. */
1621 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_remote_forwards; i++) {
1622 		debug("Remote connections from %.200s:%d forwarded to "
1623 		    "local address %.200s:%d",
1624 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].listen_path != NULL) ?
1625 		    options.remote_forwards[i].listen_path :
1626 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].listen_host == NULL) ?
1627 		    "LOCALHOST" : options.remote_forwards[i].listen_host,
1628 		    options.remote_forwards[i].listen_port,
1629 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].connect_path != NULL) ?
1630 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_path :
1631 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_host,
1632 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_port);
1633 		options.remote_forwards[i].handle =
1634 		    channel_request_remote_forwarding(ssh,
1635 		    &options.remote_forwards[i]);
1636 		if (options.remote_forwards[i].handle < 0) {
1637 			if (options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1638 				fatal("Could not request remote forwarding.");
1639 			else
1640 				logit("Warning: Could not request remote "
1641 				    "forwarding.");
1642 		} else {
1643 			client_register_global_confirm(
1644 			    ssh_confirm_remote_forward,
1645 			    &options.remote_forwards[i]);
1646 		}
1647 	}
1648 
1649 	/* Initiate tunnel forwarding. */
1650 	if (options.tun_open != SSH_TUNMODE_NO) {
1651 		if ((*ifname = client_request_tun_fwd(ssh,
1652 		    options.tun_open, options.tun_local,
1653 		    options.tun_remote)) == NULL) {
1654 			if (options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1655 				fatal("Could not request tunnel forwarding.");
1656 			else
1657 				error("Could not request tunnel forwarding.");
1658 		}
1659 	}
1660 }
1661 
1662 static void
1663 check_agent_present(void)
1664 {
1665 	int r;
1666 
1667 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1668 		/* Clear agent forwarding if we don't have an agent. */
1669 		if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(NULL)) != 0) {
1670 			options.forward_agent = 0;
1671 			if (r != SSH_ERR_AGENT_NOT_PRESENT)
1672 				debug("ssh_get_authentication_socket: %s",
1673 				    ssh_err(r));
1674 		}
1675 	}
1676 }
1677 
1678 static void
1679 ssh_session2_setup(struct ssh *ssh, int id, int success, void *arg)
1680 {
1681 	extern char **environ;
1682 	const char *display;
1683 	int interactive = tty_flag;
1684 	char *proto = NULL, *data = NULL;
1685 
1686 	if (!success)
1687 		return; /* No need for error message, channels code sens one */
1688 
1689 	display = getenv("DISPLAY");
1690 	if (display == NULL && options.forward_x11)
1691 		debug("X11 forwarding requested but DISPLAY not set");
1692 	if (options.forward_x11 && client_x11_get_proto(ssh, display,
1693 	    options.xauth_location, options.forward_x11_trusted,
1694 	    options.forward_x11_timeout, &proto, &data) == 0) {
1695 		/* Request forwarding with authentication spoofing. */
1696 		debug("Requesting X11 forwarding with authentication "
1697 		    "spoofing.");
1698 		x11_request_forwarding_with_spoofing(ssh, id, display, proto,
1699 		    data, 1);
1700 		client_expect_confirm(ssh, id, "X11 forwarding", CONFIRM_WARN);
1701 		/* XXX exit_on_forward_failure */
1702 		interactive = 1;
1703 	}
1704 
1705 	check_agent_present();
1706 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1707 		debug("Requesting authentication agent forwarding.");
1708 		channel_request_start(ssh, id, "auth-agent-req@openssh.com", 0);
1709 		packet_send();
1710 	}
1711 
1712 	/* Tell the packet module whether this is an interactive session. */
1713 	packet_set_interactive(interactive,
1714 	    options.ip_qos_interactive, options.ip_qos_bulk);
1715 
1716 	client_session2_setup(ssh, id, tty_flag, subsystem_flag, getenv("TERM"),
1717 	    NULL, fileno(stdin), &command, environ);
1718 }
1719 
1720 /* open new channel for a session */
1721 static int
1722 ssh_session2_open(struct ssh *ssh)
1723 {
1724 	Channel *c;
1725 	int window, packetmax, in, out, err;
1726 
1727 	if (stdin_null_flag) {
1728 		in = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY);
1729 	} else {
1730 		in = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
1731 	}
1732 	out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO);
1733 	err = dup(STDERR_FILENO);
1734 
1735 	if (in < 0 || out < 0 || err < 0)
1736 		fatal("dup() in/out/err failed");
1737 
1738 	/* enable nonblocking unless tty */
1739 	if (!isatty(in))
1740 		set_nonblock(in);
1741 	if (!isatty(out))
1742 		set_nonblock(out);
1743 	if (!isatty(err))
1744 		set_nonblock(err);
1745 
1746 	window = CHAN_SES_WINDOW_DEFAULT;
1747 	packetmax = CHAN_SES_PACKET_DEFAULT;
1748 	if (tty_flag) {
1749 		window >>= 1;
1750 		packetmax >>= 1;
1751 	}
1752 	c = channel_new(ssh,
1753 	    "session", SSH_CHANNEL_OPENING, in, out, err,
1754 	    window, packetmax, CHAN_EXTENDED_WRITE,
1755 	    "client-session", /*nonblock*/0);
1756 
1757 	debug3("%s: channel_new: %d", __func__, c->self);
1758 
1759 	channel_send_open(ssh, c->self);
1760 	if (!no_shell_flag)
1761 		channel_register_open_confirm(ssh, c->self,
1762 		    ssh_session2_setup, NULL);
1763 
1764 	return c->self;
1765 }
1766 
1767 static int
1768 ssh_session2(struct ssh *ssh, struct passwd *pw)
1769 {
1770 	int devnull, id = -1;
1771 	char *cp, *tun_fwd_ifname = NULL;
1772 
1773 	/* XXX should be pre-session */
1774 	if (!options.control_persist)
1775 		ssh_init_stdio_forwarding(ssh);
1776 
1777 	ssh_init_forwarding(ssh, &tun_fwd_ifname);
1778 
1779 	if (options.local_command != NULL) {
1780 		debug3("expanding LocalCommand: %s", options.local_command);
1781 		cp = options.local_command;
1782 		options.local_command = percent_expand(cp,
1783 		    "C", conn_hash_hex,
1784 		    "L", shorthost,
1785 		    "d", pw->pw_dir,
1786 		    "h", host,
1787 		    "l", thishost,
1788 		    "n", host_arg,
1789 		    "p", portstr,
1790 		    "r", options.user,
1791 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
1792 		    "T", tun_fwd_ifname == NULL ? "NONE" : tun_fwd_ifname,
1793 		    (char *)NULL);
1794 		debug3("expanded LocalCommand: %s", options.local_command);
1795 		free(cp);
1796 	}
1797 
1798 	/* Start listening for multiplex clients */
1799 	if (!packet_get_mux())
1800 		muxserver_listen(ssh);
1801 
1802  	/*
1803 	 * If we are in control persist mode and have a working mux listen
1804 	 * socket, then prepare to background ourselves and have a foreground
1805 	 * client attach as a control slave.
1806 	 * NB. we must save copies of the flags that we override for
1807 	 * the backgrounding, since we defer attachment of the slave until
1808 	 * after the connection is fully established (in particular,
1809 	 * async rfwd replies have been received for ExitOnForwardFailure).
1810 	 */
1811  	if (options.control_persist && muxserver_sock != -1) {
1812 		ostdin_null_flag = stdin_null_flag;
1813 		ono_shell_flag = no_shell_flag;
1814 		orequest_tty = options.request_tty;
1815 		otty_flag = tty_flag;
1816  		stdin_null_flag = 1;
1817  		no_shell_flag = 1;
1818  		tty_flag = 0;
1819 		if (!fork_after_authentication_flag)
1820 			need_controlpersist_detach = 1;
1821 		fork_after_authentication_flag = 1;
1822  	}
1823 	/*
1824 	 * ControlPersist mux listen socket setup failed, attempt the
1825 	 * stdio forward setup that we skipped earlier.
1826 	 */
1827 	if (options.control_persist && muxserver_sock == -1)
1828 		ssh_init_stdio_forwarding(ssh);
1829 
1830 	if (!no_shell_flag || (datafellows & SSH_BUG_DUMMYCHAN))
1831 		id = ssh_session2_open(ssh);
1832 	else {
1833 		packet_set_interactive(
1834 		    options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_NO,
1835 		    options.ip_qos_interactive, options.ip_qos_bulk);
1836 	}
1837 
1838 	/* If we don't expect to open a new session, then disallow it */
1839 	if (options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_NO &&
1840 	    (datafellows & SSH_NEW_OPENSSH)) {
1841 		debug("Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com");
1842 		packet_start(SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST);
1843 		packet_put_cstring("no-more-sessions@openssh.com");
1844 		packet_put_char(0);
1845 		packet_send();
1846 	}
1847 
1848 	/* Execute a local command */
1849 	if (options.local_command != NULL &&
1850 	    options.permit_local_command)
1851 		ssh_local_cmd(options.local_command);
1852 
1853 	/*
1854 	 * stdout is now owned by the session channel; clobber it here
1855 	 * so future channel closes are propagated to the local fd.
1856 	 * NB. this can only happen after LocalCommand has completed,
1857 	 * as it may want to write to stdout.
1858 	 */
1859 	if (!need_controlpersist_detach) {
1860 		if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_WRONLY)) == -1)
1861 			error("%s: open %s: %s", __func__,
1862 			    _PATH_DEVNULL, strerror(errno));
1863 		if (dup2(devnull, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
1864 			fatal("%s: dup2() stdout failed", __func__);
1865 		if (devnull > STDERR_FILENO)
1866 			close(devnull);
1867 	}
1868 
1869 	/*
1870 	 * If requested and we are not interested in replies to remote
1871 	 * forwarding requests, then let ssh continue in the background.
1872 	 */
1873 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag) {
1874 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure &&
1875 		    options.num_remote_forwards > 0) {
1876 			debug("deferring postauth fork until remote forward "
1877 			    "confirmation received");
1878 		} else
1879 			fork_postauth();
1880 	}
1881 
1882 	return client_loop(ssh, tty_flag, tty_flag ?
1883 	    options.escape_char : SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE, id);
1884 }
1885 
1886 /* Loads all IdentityFile and CertificateFile keys */
1887 static void
1888 load_public_identity_files(struct passwd *pw)
1889 {
1890 	char *filename, *cp;
1891 	struct sshkey *public;
1892 	int i;
1893 	u_int n_ids, n_certs;
1894 	char *identity_files[SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES];
1895 	struct sshkey *identity_keys[SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES];
1896 	char *certificate_files[SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES];
1897 	struct sshkey *certificates[SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES];
1898 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1899 	struct sshkey **keys;
1900 	int nkeys;
1901 #endif /* PKCS11 */
1902 
1903 	n_ids = n_certs = 0;
1904 	memset(identity_files, 0, sizeof(identity_files));
1905 	memset(identity_keys, 0, sizeof(identity_keys));
1906 	memset(certificate_files, 0, sizeof(certificate_files));
1907 	memset(certificates, 0, sizeof(certificates));
1908 
1909 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1910 	if (options.pkcs11_provider != NULL &&
1911 	    options.num_identity_files < SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES &&
1912 	    (pkcs11_init(!options.batch_mode) == 0) &&
1913 	    (nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(options.pkcs11_provider, NULL,
1914 	    &keys)) > 0) {
1915 		for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1916 			if (n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES) {
1917 				key_free(keys[i]);
1918 				continue;
1919 			}
1920 			identity_keys[n_ids] = keys[i];
1921 			identity_files[n_ids] =
1922 			    xstrdup(options.pkcs11_provider); /* XXX */
1923 			n_ids++;
1924 		}
1925 		free(keys);
1926 	}
1927 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1928 	if ((pw = getpwuid(original_real_uid)) == NULL)
1929 		fatal("load_public_identity_files: getpwuid failed");
1930 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
1931 		if (n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES ||
1932 		    strcasecmp(options.identity_files[i], "none") == 0) {
1933 			free(options.identity_files[i]);
1934 			options.identity_files[i] = NULL;
1935 			continue;
1936 		}
1937 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.identity_files[i],
1938 		    original_real_uid);
1939 		filename = percent_expand(cp, "d", pw->pw_dir,
1940 		    "u", pw->pw_name, "l", thishost, "h", host,
1941 		    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
1942 		free(cp);
1943 		public = key_load_public(filename, NULL);
1944 		debug("identity file %s type %d", filename,
1945 		    public ? public->type : -1);
1946 		free(options.identity_files[i]);
1947 		identity_files[n_ids] = filename;
1948 		identity_keys[n_ids] = public;
1949 
1950 		if (++n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES)
1951 			continue;
1952 
1953 		/*
1954 		 * If no certificates have been explicitly listed then try
1955 		 * to add the default certificate variant too.
1956 		 */
1957 		if (options.num_certificate_files != 0)
1958 			continue;
1959 		xasprintf(&cp, "%s-cert", filename);
1960 		public = key_load_public(cp, NULL);
1961 		debug("identity file %s type %d", cp,
1962 		    public ? public->type : -1);
1963 		if (public == NULL) {
1964 			free(cp);
1965 			continue;
1966 		}
1967 		if (!key_is_cert(public)) {
1968 			debug("%s: key %s type %s is not a certificate",
1969 			    __func__, cp, key_type(public));
1970 			key_free(public);
1971 			free(cp);
1972 			continue;
1973 		}
1974 		/* NB. leave filename pointing to private key */
1975 		identity_files[n_ids] = xstrdup(filename);
1976 		identity_keys[n_ids] = public;
1977 		n_ids++;
1978 	}
1979 
1980 	if (options.num_certificate_files > SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES)
1981 		fatal("%s: too many certificates", __func__);
1982 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_certificate_files; i++) {
1983 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.certificate_files[i],
1984 		    original_real_uid);
1985 		filename = percent_expand(cp, "d", pw->pw_dir,
1986 		    "u", pw->pw_name, "l", thishost, "h", host,
1987 		    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
1988 		free(cp);
1989 
1990 		public = key_load_public(filename, NULL);
1991 		debug("certificate file %s type %d", filename,
1992 		    public ? public->type : -1);
1993 		free(options.certificate_files[i]);
1994 		options.certificate_files[i] = NULL;
1995 		if (public == NULL) {
1996 			free(filename);
1997 			continue;
1998 		}
1999 		if (!key_is_cert(public)) {
2000 			debug("%s: key %s type %s is not a certificate",
2001 			    __func__, filename, key_type(public));
2002 			key_free(public);
2003 			free(filename);
2004 			continue;
2005 		}
2006 		certificate_files[n_certs] = filename;
2007 		certificates[n_certs] = public;
2008 		++n_certs;
2009 	}
2010 
2011 	options.num_identity_files = n_ids;
2012 	memcpy(options.identity_files, identity_files, sizeof(identity_files));
2013 	memcpy(options.identity_keys, identity_keys, sizeof(identity_keys));
2014 
2015 	options.num_certificate_files = n_certs;
2016 	memcpy(options.certificate_files,
2017 	    certificate_files, sizeof(certificate_files));
2018 	memcpy(options.certificates, certificates, sizeof(certificates));
2019 }
2020 
2021 static void
2022 main_sigchld_handler(int sig)
2023 {
2024 	int save_errno = errno;
2025 	pid_t pid;
2026 	int status;
2027 
2028 	while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) > 0 ||
2029 	    (pid < 0 && errno == EINTR))
2030 		;
2031 
2032 	signal(sig, main_sigchld_handler);
2033 	errno = save_errno;
2034 }
2035