xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/ssh.c (revision 8445c53715e7030056b779e8ab40efb7820981f2)
1 /*
2  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
3  * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
4  *                    All rights reserved
5  * Ssh client program.  This program can be used to log into a remote machine.
6  * The software supports strong authentication, encryption, and forwarding
7  * of X11, TCP/IP, and authentication connections.
8  *
9  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
10  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
11  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
12  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
13  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
14  *
15  * Copyright (c) 1999 Niels Provos.  All rights reserved.
16  *
17  * Modified to work with SSL by Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
18  * in Canada (German citizen).
19  *
20  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
21  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
22  * are met:
23  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
24  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
25  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
26  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
27  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
28  *
29  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
30  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
31  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
32  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
33  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
34  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
35  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
36  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
37  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
38  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
39  */
40 
41 #include "includes.h"
42 RCSID("$OpenBSD: ssh.c,v 1.143 2001/09/20 13:50:40 markus Exp $");
43 
44 #include <openssl/evp.h>
45 #include <openssl/err.h>
46 
47 #include "ssh.h"
48 #include "ssh1.h"
49 #include "ssh2.h"
50 #include "compat.h"
51 #include "cipher.h"
52 #include "xmalloc.h"
53 #include "packet.h"
54 #include "buffer.h"
55 #include "uidswap.h"
56 #include "channels.h"
57 #include "key.h"
58 #include "authfd.h"
59 #include "authfile.h"
60 #include "pathnames.h"
61 #include "clientloop.h"
62 #include "log.h"
63 #include "readconf.h"
64 #include "sshconnect.h"
65 #include "tildexpand.h"
66 #include "dispatch.h"
67 #include "misc.h"
68 #include "kex.h"
69 #include "mac.h"
70 #include "sshtty.h"
71 
72 #ifdef SMARTCARD
73 #include <openssl/engine.h>
74 #include "scard.h"
75 #endif
76 
77 extern char *__progname;
78 
79 /* Flag indicating whether IPv4 or IPv6.  This can be set on the command line.
80    Default value is AF_UNSPEC means both IPv4 and IPv6. */
81 int IPv4or6 = AF_UNSPEC;
82 
83 /* Flag indicating whether debug mode is on.  This can be set on the command line. */
84 int debug_flag = 0;
85 
86 /* Flag indicating whether a tty should be allocated */
87 int tty_flag = 0;
88 int no_tty_flag = 0;
89 int force_tty_flag = 0;
90 
91 /* don't exec a shell */
92 int no_shell_flag = 0;
93 
94 /*
95  * Flag indicating that nothing should be read from stdin.  This can be set
96  * on the command line.
97  */
98 int stdin_null_flag = 0;
99 
100 /*
101  * Flag indicating that ssh should fork after authentication.  This is useful
102  * so that the pasphrase can be entered manually, and then ssh goes to the
103  * background.
104  */
105 int fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
106 
107 /*
108  * General data structure for command line options and options configurable
109  * in configuration files.  See readconf.h.
110  */
111 Options options;
112 
113 /* optional user configfile */
114 char *config = NULL;
115 
116 /*
117  * Name of the host we are connecting to.  This is the name given on the
118  * command line, or the HostName specified for the user-supplied name in a
119  * configuration file.
120  */
121 char *host;
122 
123 /* socket address the host resolves to */
124 struct sockaddr_storage hostaddr;
125 
126 /*
127  * Flag to indicate that we have received a window change signal which has
128  * not yet been processed.  This will cause a message indicating the new
129  * window size to be sent to the server a little later.  This is volatile
130  * because this is updated in a signal handler.
131  */
132 volatile int received_window_change_signal = 0;
133 
134 /* Private host keys. */
135 struct {
136 	Key     **keys;
137 	int	nkeys;
138 } sensitive_data;
139 
140 /* Original real UID. */
141 uid_t original_real_uid;
142 
143 /* command to be executed */
144 Buffer command;
145 
146 /* Should we execute a command or invoke a subsystem? */
147 int subsystem_flag = 0;
148 
149 /* Prints a help message to the user.  This function never returns. */
150 
151 static void
152 usage(void)
153 {
154 	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [options] host [command]\n", __progname);
155 	fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
156 	fprintf(stderr, "  -l user     Log in using this user name.\n");
157 	fprintf(stderr, "  -n          Redirect input from " _PATH_DEVNULL ".\n");
158 	fprintf(stderr, "  -F config   Config file (default: ~/%s).\n",
159 	     _PATH_SSH_USER_CONFFILE);
160 	fprintf(stderr, "  -A          Enable authentication agent forwarding.\n");
161 	fprintf(stderr, "  -a          Disable authentication agent forwarding (default).\n");
162 #ifdef AFS
163 	fprintf(stderr, "  -k          Disable Kerberos ticket and AFS token forwarding.\n");
164 #endif				/* AFS */
165 	fprintf(stderr, "  -X          Enable X11 connection forwarding.\n");
166 	fprintf(stderr, "  -x          Disable X11 connection forwarding (default).\n");
167 	fprintf(stderr, "  -i file     Identity for public key authentication "
168 	    "(default: ~/.ssh/identity)\n");
169 #ifdef SMARTCARD
170 	fprintf(stderr, "  -I reader   Set smartcard reader.\n");
171 #endif
172 	fprintf(stderr, "  -t          Tty; allocate a tty even if command is given.\n");
173 	fprintf(stderr, "  -T          Do not allocate a tty.\n");
174 	fprintf(stderr, "  -v          Verbose; display verbose debugging messages.\n");
175 	fprintf(stderr, "              Multiple -v increases verbosity.\n");
176 	fprintf(stderr, "  -V          Display version number only.\n");
177 	fprintf(stderr, "  -P          Don't allocate a privileged port.\n");
178 	fprintf(stderr, "  -q          Quiet; don't display any warning messages.\n");
179 	fprintf(stderr, "  -f          Fork into background after authentication.\n");
180 	fprintf(stderr, "  -e char     Set escape character; ``none'' = disable (default: ~).\n");
181 
182 	fprintf(stderr, "  -c cipher   Select encryption algorithm\n");
183 	fprintf(stderr, "  -m macs     Specify MAC algorithms for protocol version 2.\n");
184 	fprintf(stderr, "  -p port     Connect to this port.  Server must be on the same port.\n");
185 	fprintf(stderr, "  -L listen-port:host:port   Forward local port to remote address\n");
186 	fprintf(stderr, "  -R listen-port:host:port   Forward remote port to local address\n");
187 	fprintf(stderr, "              These cause %s to listen for connections on a port, and\n", __progname);
188 	fprintf(stderr, "              forward them to the other side by connecting to host:port.\n");
189 	fprintf(stderr, "  -D port     Enable dynamic application-level port forwarding.\n");
190 	fprintf(stderr, "  -C          Enable compression.\n");
191 	fprintf(stderr, "  -N          Do not execute a shell or command.\n");
192 	fprintf(stderr, "  -g          Allow remote hosts to connect to forwarded ports.\n");
193 	fprintf(stderr, "  -1          Force protocol version 1.\n");
194 	fprintf(stderr, "  -2          Force protocol version 2.\n");
195 	fprintf(stderr, "  -4          Use IPv4 only.\n");
196 	fprintf(stderr, "  -6          Use IPv6 only.\n");
197 	fprintf(stderr, "  -o 'option' Process the option as if it was read from a configuration file.\n");
198 	fprintf(stderr, "  -s          Invoke command (mandatory) as SSH2 subsystem.\n");
199 	fprintf(stderr, "  -b addr     Local IP address.\n");
200 	exit(1);
201 }
202 
203 /*
204  * Connects to the given host using rsh (or prints an error message and exits
205  * if rsh is not available).  This function never returns.
206  */
207 static void
208 rsh_connect(char *host, char *user, Buffer * command)
209 {
210 	char *args[10];
211 	int i;
212 
213 	log("Using rsh.  WARNING: Connection will not be encrypted.");
214 	/* Build argument list for rsh. */
215 	i = 0;
216 	args[i++] = _PATH_RSH;
217 	/* host may have to come after user on some systems */
218 	args[i++] = host;
219 	if (user) {
220 		args[i++] = "-l";
221 		args[i++] = user;
222 	}
223 	if (buffer_len(command) > 0) {
224 		buffer_append(command, "\0", 1);
225 		args[i++] = buffer_ptr(command);
226 	}
227 	args[i++] = NULL;
228 	if (debug_flag) {
229 		for (i = 0; args[i]; i++) {
230 			if (i != 0)
231 				fprintf(stderr, " ");
232 			fprintf(stderr, "%s", args[i]);
233 		}
234 		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
235 	}
236 	execv(_PATH_RSH, args);
237 	perror(_PATH_RSH);
238 	exit(1);
239 }
240 
241 static int ssh_session(void);
242 static int ssh_session2(void);
243 static void load_public_identity_files(void);
244 
245 /*
246  * Main program for the ssh client.
247  */
248 int
249 main(int ac, char **av)
250 {
251 	int i, opt, exit_status, cerr;
252 	u_short fwd_port, fwd_host_port;
253 	char sfwd_port[6], sfwd_host_port[6];
254 	char *p, *cp, buf[256];
255 	struct stat st;
256 	struct passwd *pw;
257 	int dummy;
258 	uid_t original_effective_uid;
259 
260 	/*
261 	 * Save the original real uid.  It will be needed later (uid-swapping
262 	 * may clobber the real uid).
263 	 */
264 	original_real_uid = getuid();
265 	original_effective_uid = geteuid();
266 
267 	/* If we are installed setuid root be careful to not drop core. */
268 	if (original_real_uid != original_effective_uid) {
269 		struct rlimit rlim;
270 		rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 0;
271 		if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim) < 0)
272 			fatal("setrlimit failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
273 	}
274 	/* Get user data. */
275 	pw = getpwuid(original_real_uid);
276 	if (!pw) {
277 		log("You don't exist, go away!");
278 		exit(1);
279 	}
280 	/* Take a copy of the returned structure. */
281 	pw = pwcopy(pw);
282 
283 	/*
284 	 * Use uid-swapping to give up root privileges for the duration of
285 	 * option processing.  We will re-instantiate the rights when we are
286 	 * ready to create the privileged port, and will permanently drop
287 	 * them when the port has been created (actually, when the connection
288 	 * has been made, as we may need to create the port several times).
289 	 */
290 	temporarily_use_uid(pw);
291 
292 	/*
293 	 * Set our umask to something reasonable, as some files are created
294 	 * with the default umask.  This will make them world-readable but
295 	 * writable only by the owner, which is ok for all files for which we
296 	 * don't set the modes explicitly.
297 	 */
298 	umask(022);
299 
300 	/* Initialize option structure to indicate that no values have been set. */
301 	initialize_options(&options);
302 
303 	/* Parse command-line arguments. */
304 	host = NULL;
305 
306 again:
307 	while ((opt = getopt(ac, av,
308 	    "1246ab:c:e:fgi:kl:m:no:p:qstvxACD:F:I:L:NPR:TVX")) != -1) {
309 		switch (opt) {
310 		case '1':
311 			options.protocol = SSH_PROTO_1;
312 			break;
313 		case '2':
314 			options.protocol = SSH_PROTO_2;
315 			break;
316 		case '4':
317 			IPv4or6 = AF_INET;
318 			break;
319 		case '6':
320 			IPv4or6 = AF_INET6;
321 			break;
322 		case 'n':
323 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
324 			break;
325 		case 'f':
326 			fork_after_authentication_flag = 1;
327 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
328 			break;
329 		case 'x':
330 			options.forward_x11 = 0;
331 			break;
332 		case 'X':
333 			options.forward_x11 = 1;
334 			break;
335 		case 'g':
336 			options.gateway_ports = 1;
337 			break;
338 		case 'P':
339 			options.use_privileged_port = 0;
340 			break;
341 		case 'a':
342 			options.forward_agent = 0;
343 			break;
344 		case 'A':
345 			options.forward_agent = 1;
346 			break;
347 #ifdef AFS
348 		case 'k':
349 			options.kerberos_tgt_passing = 0;
350 			options.afs_token_passing = 0;
351 			break;
352 #endif
353 		case 'i':
354 			if (stat(optarg, &st) < 0) {
355 				fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Identity file %s "
356 				    "does not exist.\n", optarg);
357 				break;
358 			}
359 			if (options.num_identity_files >=
360 			    SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES)
361 				fatal("Too many identity files specified "
362 				    "(max %d)", SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES);
363 			options.identity_files[options.num_identity_files++] =
364 			    xstrdup(optarg);
365 			break;
366 		case 'I':
367 #ifdef SMARTCARD
368 			options.smartcard_device = xstrdup(optarg);
369 #else
370 			fprintf(stderr, "no support for smartcards.\n");
371 #endif
372 			break;
373 		case 't':
374 			if (tty_flag)
375 				force_tty_flag = 1;
376 			tty_flag = 1;
377 			break;
378 		case 'v':
379 			if (0 == debug_flag) {
380 				debug_flag = 1;
381 				options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
382 			} else if (options.log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3) {
383 				options.log_level++;
384 				break;
385 			} else
386 				fatal("Too high debugging level.");
387 			/* fallthrough */
388 		case 'V':
389 			fprintf(stderr,
390 			    "%s, SSH protocols %d.%d/%d.%d, OpenSSL 0x%8.8lx\n",
391 			    SSH_VERSION,
392 			    PROTOCOL_MAJOR_1, PROTOCOL_MINOR_1,
393 			    PROTOCOL_MAJOR_2, PROTOCOL_MINOR_2,
394 			    SSLeay());
395 			if (opt == 'V')
396 				exit(0);
397 			break;
398 		case 'q':
399 			options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_QUIET;
400 			break;
401 		case 'e':
402 			if (optarg[0] == '^' && optarg[2] == 0 &&
403 			    (u_char) optarg[1] >= 64 &&
404 			    (u_char) optarg[1] < 128)
405 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[1] & 31;
406 			else if (strlen(optarg) == 1)
407 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[0];
408 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "none") == 0)
409 				options.escape_char = SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE;
410 			else {
411 				fprintf(stderr, "Bad escape character '%s'.\n",
412 				    optarg);
413 				exit(1);
414 			}
415 			break;
416 		case 'c':
417 			if (ciphers_valid(optarg)) {
418 				/* SSH2 only */
419 				options.ciphers = xstrdup(optarg);
420 				options.cipher = SSH_CIPHER_ILLEGAL;
421 			} else {
422 				/* SSH1 only */
423 				options.cipher = cipher_number(optarg);
424 				if (options.cipher == -1) {
425 					fprintf(stderr,
426 					    "Unknown cipher type '%s'\n",
427 					    optarg);
428 					exit(1);
429 				}
430 				if (options.cipher == SSH_CIPHER_3DES)
431 					options.ciphers = "3des-cbc";
432 				else if (options.cipher == SSH_CIPHER_BLOWFISH)
433 					options.ciphers = "blowfish-cbc";
434 				else
435 					options.ciphers = (char *)-1;
436 			}
437 			break;
438 		case 'm':
439 			if (mac_valid(optarg))
440 				options.macs = xstrdup(optarg);
441 			else {
442 				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown mac type '%s'\n",
443 				    optarg);
444 				exit(1);
445 			}
446 			break;
447 		case 'p':
448 			options.port = a2port(optarg);
449 			if (options.port == 0) {
450 				fprintf(stderr, "Bad port '%s'\n", optarg);
451 				exit(1);
452 			}
453 			break;
454 		case 'l':
455 			options.user = optarg;
456 			break;
457 
458 		case 'L':
459 		case 'R':
460 			if (sscanf(optarg, "%5[0-9]:%255[^:]:%5[0-9]",
461 			    sfwd_port, buf, sfwd_host_port) != 3 &&
462 			    sscanf(optarg, "%5[0-9]/%255[^/]/%5[0-9]",
463 			    sfwd_port, buf, sfwd_host_port) != 3) {
464 				fprintf(stderr,
465 				    "Bad forwarding specification '%s'\n",
466 				    optarg);
467 				usage();
468 				/* NOTREACHED */
469 			}
470 			if ((fwd_port = a2port(sfwd_port)) == 0 ||
471 	  		    (fwd_host_port = a2port(sfwd_host_port)) == 0) {
472 				fprintf(stderr,
473 				    "Bad forwarding port(s) '%s'\n", optarg);
474 				exit(1);
475 			}
476 			if (opt == 'L')
477 				add_local_forward(&options, fwd_port, buf,
478 				    fwd_host_port);
479 			else if (opt == 'R')
480 				add_remote_forward(&options, fwd_port, buf,
481 				     fwd_host_port);
482 			break;
483 
484 		case 'D':
485 			fwd_port = a2port(optarg);
486 			if (fwd_port == 0) {
487 				fprintf(stderr, "Bad dynamic port '%s'\n",
488 				    optarg);
489 				exit(1);
490 			}
491 			add_local_forward(&options, fwd_port, "socks4", 0);
492 			break;
493 
494 		case 'C':
495 			options.compression = 1;
496 			break;
497 		case 'N':
498 			no_shell_flag = 1;
499 			no_tty_flag = 1;
500 			break;
501 		case 'T':
502 			no_tty_flag = 1;
503 			break;
504 		case 'o':
505 			dummy = 1;
506 			if (process_config_line(&options, host ? host : "",
507 			    optarg, "command-line", 0, &dummy) != 0)
508 				exit(1);
509 			break;
510 		case 's':
511 			subsystem_flag = 1;
512 			break;
513 		case 'b':
514 			options.bind_address = optarg;
515 			break;
516 		case 'F':
517 			config = optarg;
518 			break;
519 		default:
520 			usage();
521 		}
522 	}
523 
524 	ac -= optind;
525 	av += optind;
526 
527 	if (ac > 0 && !host && **av != '-') {
528 		if (strchr(*av, '@')) {
529 			p = xstrdup(*av);
530 			cp = strchr(p, '@');
531 			if (cp == NULL || cp == p)
532 				usage();
533 			options.user = p;
534 			*cp = '\0';
535 			host = ++cp;
536 		} else
537 			host = *av;
538 		ac--, av++;
539 		if (ac > 0) {
540 			optind = 0;
541 			optreset = 1;
542 			goto again;
543 		}
544 	}
545 
546 	/* Check that we got a host name. */
547 	if (!host)
548 		usage();
549 
550 	SSLeay_add_all_algorithms();
551 	ERR_load_crypto_strings();
552 
553 	/* Initialize the command to execute on remote host. */
554 	buffer_init(&command);
555 
556 	/*
557 	 * Save the command to execute on the remote host in a buffer. There
558 	 * is no limit on the length of the command, except by the maximum
559 	 * packet size.  Also sets the tty flag if there is no command.
560 	 */
561 	if (!ac) {
562 		/* No command specified - execute shell on a tty. */
563 		tty_flag = 1;
564 		if (subsystem_flag) {
565 			fprintf(stderr,
566 			    "You must specify a subsystem to invoke.\n");
567 			usage();
568 		}
569 	} else {
570 		/* A command has been specified.  Store it into the buffer. */
571 		for (i = 0; i < ac; i++) {
572 			if (i)
573 				buffer_append(&command, " ", 1);
574 			buffer_append(&command, av[i], strlen(av[i]));
575 		}
576 	}
577 
578 	/* Cannot fork to background if no command. */
579 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag && buffer_len(&command) == 0 && !no_shell_flag)
580 		fatal("Cannot fork into background without a command to execute.");
581 
582 	/* Allocate a tty by default if no command specified. */
583 	if (buffer_len(&command) == 0)
584 		tty_flag = 1;
585 
586 	/* Force no tty*/
587 	if (no_tty_flag)
588 		tty_flag = 0;
589 	/* Do not allocate a tty if stdin is not a tty. */
590 	if (!isatty(fileno(stdin)) && !force_tty_flag) {
591 		if (tty_flag)
592 			log("Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.");
593 		tty_flag = 0;
594 	}
595 
596 	/*
597 	 * Initialize "log" output.  Since we are the client all output
598 	 * actually goes to stderr.
599 	 */
600 	log_init(av[0], options.log_level == -1 ? SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO : options.log_level,
601 	    SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
602 
603 	/*
604 	 * Read per-user configuration file.  Ignore the system wide config
605 	 * file if the user specifies a config file on the command line.
606 	 */
607 	if (config != NULL) {
608 		if (!read_config_file(config, host, &options))
609 			fatal("Can't open user config file %.100s: "
610 			    "%.100s", config, strerror(errno));
611 	} else  {
612 		snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%.100s/%.100s", pw->pw_dir,
613 		    _PATH_SSH_USER_CONFFILE);
614 
615 		/* Read systemwide configuration file. */
616 		(void)read_config_file(_PATH_HOST_CONFIG_FILE, host, &options);
617 		(void)read_config_file(buf, host, &options);
618 	}
619 
620 	/* Fill configuration defaults. */
621 	fill_default_options(&options);
622 
623 	/* reinit */
624 	log_init(av[0], options.log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
625 
626 	if (options.user == NULL)
627 		options.user = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
628 
629 	if (options.hostname != NULL)
630 		host = options.hostname;
631 
632 	/* Disable rhosts authentication if not running as root. */
633 	if (original_effective_uid != 0 || !options.use_privileged_port) {
634 		debug("Rhosts Authentication disabled, "
635 		    "originating port will not be trusted.");
636 		options.rhosts_authentication = 0;
637 	}
638 	/*
639 	 * If using rsh has been selected, exec it now (without trying
640 	 * anything else).  Note that we must release privileges first.
641 	 */
642 	if (options.use_rsh) {
643 		/*
644 		 * Restore our superuser privileges.  This must be done
645 		 * before permanently setting the uid.
646 		 */
647 		restore_uid();
648 
649 		/* Switch to the original uid permanently. */
650 		permanently_set_uid(pw);
651 
652 		/* Execute rsh. */
653 		rsh_connect(host, options.user, &command);
654 		fatal("rsh_connect returned");
655 	}
656 	/* Restore our superuser privileges. */
657 	restore_uid();
658 
659 	/* Open a connection to the remote host. */
660 
661 	cerr = ssh_connect(host, &hostaddr, options.port,
662 	    options.connection_attempts,
663 	    original_effective_uid != 0 || !options.use_privileged_port,
664 	    pw, options.proxy_command);
665 
666 	/*
667 	 * If we successfully made the connection, load the host private key
668 	 * in case we will need it later for combined rsa-rhosts
669 	 * authentication. This must be done before releasing extra
670 	 * privileges, because the file is only readable by root.
671 	 */
672 	sensitive_data.nkeys = 0;
673 	sensitive_data.keys = NULL;
674 	if (!cerr && (options.rhosts_rsa_authentication ||
675 	    options.hostbased_authentication)) {
676 		sensitive_data.nkeys = 3;
677 		sensitive_data.keys = xmalloc(sensitive_data.nkeys*sizeof(Key));
678 		sensitive_data.keys[0] = key_load_private_type(KEY_RSA1,
679 		    _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
680 		sensitive_data.keys[1] = key_load_private_type(KEY_DSA,
681 		    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
682 		sensitive_data.keys[2] = key_load_private_type(KEY_RSA,
683 		    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
684 	}
685 	/*
686 	 * Get rid of any extra privileges that we may have.  We will no
687 	 * longer need them.  Also, extra privileges could make it very hard
688 	 * to read identity files and other non-world-readable files from the
689 	 * user's home directory if it happens to be on a NFS volume where
690 	 * root is mapped to nobody.
691 	 */
692 
693 	/*
694 	 * Note that some legacy systems need to postpone the following call
695 	 * to permanently_set_uid() until the private hostkey is destroyed
696 	 * with RSA_free().  Otherwise the calling user could ptrace() the
697 	 * process, read the private hostkey and impersonate the host.
698 	 * OpenBSD does not allow ptracing of setuid processes.
699 	 */
700 	permanently_set_uid(pw);
701 
702 	/*
703 	 * Now that we are back to our own permissions, create ~/.ssh
704 	 * directory if it doesn\'t already exist.
705 	 */
706 	snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%.100s%s%.100s", pw->pw_dir, strcmp(pw->pw_dir, "/") ? "/" : "", _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
707 	if (stat(buf, &st) < 0)
708 		if (mkdir(buf, 0700) < 0)
709 			error("Could not create directory '%.200s'.", buf);
710 
711 	/* Check if the connection failed, and try "rsh" if appropriate. */
712 	if (cerr) {
713 		if (!options.fallback_to_rsh)
714 			exit(1);
715 		if (options.port != 0)
716 			log("Secure connection to %.100s on port %hu refused; "
717 			    "reverting to insecure method",
718 			    host, options.port);
719 		else
720 			log("Secure connection to %.100s refused; "
721 			    "reverting to insecure method.", host);
722 
723 		rsh_connect(host, options.user, &command);
724 		fatal("rsh_connect returned");
725 	}
726 	/* load options.identity_files */
727 	load_public_identity_files();
728 
729 	/* Expand ~ in known host file names. */
730 	/* XXX mem-leaks: */
731 	options.system_hostfile =
732 	    tilde_expand_filename(options.system_hostfile, original_real_uid);
733 	options.user_hostfile =
734 	    tilde_expand_filename(options.user_hostfile, original_real_uid);
735 	options.system_hostfile2 =
736 	    tilde_expand_filename(options.system_hostfile2, original_real_uid);
737 	options.user_hostfile2 =
738 	    tilde_expand_filename(options.user_hostfile2, original_real_uid);
739 
740 	/* Log into the remote system.  This never returns if the login fails. */
741 	ssh_login(sensitive_data.keys, sensitive_data.nkeys,
742 	    host, (struct sockaddr *)&hostaddr, pw);
743 
744 	/* We no longer need the private host keys.  Clear them now. */
745 	if (sensitive_data.nkeys != 0) {
746 		for (i = 0; i < sensitive_data.nkeys; i++) {
747 			if (sensitive_data.keys[i] != NULL) {
748 				/* Destroys contents safely */
749 				debug3("clear hostkey %d", i);
750 				key_free(sensitive_data.keys[i]);
751 				sensitive_data.keys[i] = NULL;
752 			}
753 		}
754 		xfree(sensitive_data.keys);
755 	}
756 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
757 		if (options.identity_files[i]) {
758 			xfree(options.identity_files[i]);
759 			options.identity_files[i] = NULL;
760 		}
761 		if (options.identity_keys[i]) {
762 			key_free(options.identity_keys[i]);
763 			options.identity_keys[i] = NULL;
764 		}
765 	}
766 
767 	exit_status = compat20 ? ssh_session2() : ssh_session();
768 	packet_close();
769 	return exit_status;
770 }
771 
772 static void
773 x11_get_proto(char *proto, int proto_len, char *data, int data_len)
774 {
775 	char line[512];
776 	FILE *f;
777 	int got_data = 0, i;
778 
779 	if (options.xauth_location) {
780 		/* Try to get Xauthority information for the display. */
781 		snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%.100s list %.200s 2>" _PATH_DEVNULL,
782 		    options.xauth_location, getenv("DISPLAY"));
783 		f = popen(line, "r");
784 		if (f && fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) &&
785 		    sscanf(line, "%*s %s %s", proto, data) == 2)
786 			got_data = 1;
787 		if (f)
788 			pclose(f);
789 	}
790 	/*
791 	 * If we didn't get authentication data, just make up some
792 	 * data.  The forwarding code will check the validity of the
793 	 * response anyway, and substitute this data.  The X11
794 	 * server, however, will ignore this fake data and use
795 	 * whatever authentication mechanisms it was using otherwise
796 	 * for the local connection.
797 	 */
798 	if (!got_data) {
799 		u_int32_t rand = 0;
800 
801 		strlcpy(proto, "MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1", proto_len);
802 		for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
803 			if (i % 4 == 0)
804 				rand = arc4random();
805 			snprintf(data + 2 * i, data_len - 2 * i, "%02x", rand & 0xff);
806 			rand >>= 8;
807 		}
808 	}
809 }
810 
811 static void
812 ssh_init_forwarding(void)
813 {
814 	int success = 0;
815 	int i;
816 
817 	/* Initiate local TCP/IP port forwardings. */
818 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_local_forwards; i++) {
819 		debug("Connections to local port %d forwarded to remote address %.200s:%d",
820 		    options.local_forwards[i].port,
821 		    options.local_forwards[i].host,
822 		    options.local_forwards[i].host_port);
823 		success += channel_request_local_forwarding(
824 		    options.local_forwards[i].port,
825 		    options.local_forwards[i].host,
826 		    options.local_forwards[i].host_port,
827 		    options.gateway_ports);
828 	}
829 	if (i > 0 && success == 0)
830 		error("Could not request local forwarding.");
831 
832 	/* Initiate remote TCP/IP port forwardings. */
833 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_remote_forwards; i++) {
834 		debug("Connections to remote port %d forwarded to local address %.200s:%d",
835 		    options.remote_forwards[i].port,
836 		    options.remote_forwards[i].host,
837 		    options.remote_forwards[i].host_port);
838 		channel_request_remote_forwarding(
839 		    options.remote_forwards[i].port,
840 		    options.remote_forwards[i].host,
841 		    options.remote_forwards[i].host_port);
842 	}
843 }
844 
845 static void
846 check_agent_present(void)
847 {
848 	if (options.forward_agent) {
849 		/* Clear agent forwarding if we don\'t have an agent. */
850 		int authfd = ssh_get_authentication_socket();
851 		if (authfd < 0)
852 			options.forward_agent = 0;
853 		else
854 			ssh_close_authentication_socket(authfd);
855 	}
856 }
857 
858 static int
859 ssh_session(void)
860 {
861 	int type;
862 	int plen;
863 	int interactive = 0;
864 	int have_tty = 0;
865 	struct winsize ws;
866 	char *cp;
867 
868 	/* Enable compression if requested. */
869 	if (options.compression) {
870 		debug("Requesting compression at level %d.", options.compression_level);
871 
872 		if (options.compression_level < 1 || options.compression_level > 9)
873 			fatal("Compression level must be from 1 (fast) to 9 (slow, best).");
874 
875 		/* Send the request. */
876 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_REQUEST_COMPRESSION);
877 		packet_put_int(options.compression_level);
878 		packet_send();
879 		packet_write_wait();
880 		type = packet_read(&plen);
881 		if (type == SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS)
882 			packet_start_compression(options.compression_level);
883 		else if (type == SSH_SMSG_FAILURE)
884 			log("Warning: Remote host refused compression.");
885 		else
886 			packet_disconnect("Protocol error waiting for compression response.");
887 	}
888 	/* Allocate a pseudo tty if appropriate. */
889 	if (tty_flag) {
890 		debug("Requesting pty.");
891 
892 		/* Start the packet. */
893 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_REQUEST_PTY);
894 
895 		/* Store TERM in the packet.  There is no limit on the
896 		   length of the string. */
897 		cp = getenv("TERM");
898 		if (!cp)
899 			cp = "";
900 		packet_put_cstring(cp);
901 
902 		/* Store window size in the packet. */
903 		if (ioctl(fileno(stdin), TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
904 			memset(&ws, 0, sizeof(ws));
905 		packet_put_int(ws.ws_row);
906 		packet_put_int(ws.ws_col);
907 		packet_put_int(ws.ws_xpixel);
908 		packet_put_int(ws.ws_ypixel);
909 
910 		/* Store tty modes in the packet. */
911 		tty_make_modes(fileno(stdin), NULL);
912 
913 		/* Send the packet, and wait for it to leave. */
914 		packet_send();
915 		packet_write_wait();
916 
917 		/* Read response from the server. */
918 		type = packet_read(&plen);
919 		if (type == SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
920 			interactive = 1;
921 			have_tty = 1;
922 		} else if (type == SSH_SMSG_FAILURE)
923 			log("Warning: Remote host failed or refused to allocate a pseudo tty.");
924 		else
925 			packet_disconnect("Protocol error waiting for pty request response.");
926 	}
927 	/* Request X11 forwarding if enabled and DISPLAY is set. */
928 	if (options.forward_x11 && getenv("DISPLAY") != NULL) {
929 		char proto[512], data[512];
930 		/* Get reasonable local authentication information. */
931 		x11_get_proto(proto, sizeof proto, data, sizeof data);
932 		/* Request forwarding with authentication spoofing. */
933 		debug("Requesting X11 forwarding with authentication spoofing.");
934 		x11_request_forwarding_with_spoofing(0, proto, data);
935 
936 		/* Read response from the server. */
937 		type = packet_read(&plen);
938 		if (type == SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
939 			interactive = 1;
940 		} else if (type == SSH_SMSG_FAILURE) {
941 			log("Warning: Remote host denied X11 forwarding.");
942 		} else {
943 			packet_disconnect("Protocol error waiting for X11 forwarding");
944 		}
945 	}
946 	/* Tell the packet module whether this is an interactive session. */
947 	packet_set_interactive(interactive);
948 
949 	/* Request authentication agent forwarding if appropriate. */
950 	check_agent_present();
951 
952 	if (options.forward_agent) {
953 		debug("Requesting authentication agent forwarding.");
954 		auth_request_forwarding();
955 
956 		/* Read response from the server. */
957 		type = packet_read(&plen);
958 		packet_integrity_check(plen, 0, type);
959 		if (type != SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS)
960 			log("Warning: Remote host denied authentication agent forwarding.");
961 	}
962 
963 	/* Initiate port forwardings. */
964 	ssh_init_forwarding();
965 
966 	/* If requested, let ssh continue in the background. */
967 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag)
968 		if (daemon(1, 1) < 0)
969 			fatal("daemon() failed: %.200s", strerror(errno));
970 
971 	/*
972 	 * If a command was specified on the command line, execute the
973 	 * command now. Otherwise request the server to start a shell.
974 	 */
975 	if (buffer_len(&command) > 0) {
976 		int len = buffer_len(&command);
977 		if (len > 900)
978 			len = 900;
979 		debug("Sending command: %.*s", len, buffer_ptr(&command));
980 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_EXEC_CMD);
981 		packet_put_string(buffer_ptr(&command), buffer_len(&command));
982 		packet_send();
983 		packet_write_wait();
984 	} else {
985 		debug("Requesting shell.");
986 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_EXEC_SHELL);
987 		packet_send();
988 		packet_write_wait();
989 	}
990 
991 	/* Enter the interactive session. */
992 	return client_loop(have_tty, tty_flag ?
993 	    options.escape_char : SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE, 0);
994 }
995 
996 static void
997 client_subsystem_reply(int type, int plen, void *ctxt)
998 {
999 	int id, len;
1000 
1001 	id = packet_get_int();
1002 	len = buffer_len(&command);
1003 	if (len > 900)
1004 		len = 900;
1005 	packet_done();
1006 	if (type == SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE)
1007 		fatal("Request for subsystem '%.*s' failed on channel %d",
1008 		    len, buffer_ptr(&command), id);
1009 }
1010 
1011 /* request pty/x11/agent/tcpfwd/shell for channel */
1012 static void
1013 ssh_session2_setup(int id, void *arg)
1014 {
1015 	int len;
1016 	int interactive = 0;
1017 	struct termios tio;
1018 
1019 	debug("ssh_session2_setup: id %d", id);
1020 
1021 	if (tty_flag) {
1022 		struct winsize ws;
1023 		char *cp;
1024 		cp = getenv("TERM");
1025 		if (!cp)
1026 			cp = "";
1027 		/* Store window size in the packet. */
1028 		if (ioctl(fileno(stdin), TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
1029 			memset(&ws, 0, sizeof(ws));
1030 
1031 		channel_request_start(id, "pty-req", 0);
1032 		packet_put_cstring(cp);
1033 		packet_put_int(ws.ws_col);
1034 		packet_put_int(ws.ws_row);
1035 		packet_put_int(ws.ws_xpixel);
1036 		packet_put_int(ws.ws_ypixel);
1037 		tio = get_saved_tio();
1038 		tty_make_modes(/*ignored*/ 0, &tio);
1039 		packet_send();
1040 		interactive = 1;
1041 		/* XXX wait for reply */
1042 	}
1043 	if (options.forward_x11 &&
1044 	    getenv("DISPLAY") != NULL) {
1045 		char proto[512], data[512];
1046 		/* Get reasonable local authentication information. */
1047 		x11_get_proto(proto, sizeof proto, data, sizeof data);
1048 		/* Request forwarding with authentication spoofing. */
1049 		debug("Requesting X11 forwarding with authentication spoofing.");
1050 		x11_request_forwarding_with_spoofing(id, proto, data);
1051 		interactive = 1;
1052 		/* XXX wait for reply */
1053 	}
1054 
1055 	check_agent_present();
1056 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1057 		debug("Requesting authentication agent forwarding.");
1058 		channel_request_start(id, "auth-agent-req@openssh.com", 0);
1059 		packet_send();
1060 	}
1061 
1062 	len = buffer_len(&command);
1063 	if (len > 0) {
1064 		if (len > 900)
1065 			len = 900;
1066 		if (subsystem_flag) {
1067 			debug("Sending subsystem: %.*s", len, buffer_ptr(&command));
1068 			channel_request_start(id, "subsystem", /*want reply*/ 1);
1069 			/* register callback for reply */
1070 			/* XXX we asume that client_loop has already been called */
1071 			dispatch_set(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE, &client_subsystem_reply);
1072 			dispatch_set(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS, &client_subsystem_reply);
1073 		} else {
1074 			debug("Sending command: %.*s", len, buffer_ptr(&command));
1075 			channel_request_start(id, "exec", 0);
1076 		}
1077 		packet_put_string(buffer_ptr(&command), buffer_len(&command));
1078 		packet_send();
1079 	} else {
1080 		channel_request(id, "shell", 0);
1081 	}
1082 	/* channel_callback(id, SSH2_MSG_OPEN_CONFIGMATION, client_init, 0); */
1083 
1084 	/* register different callback, etc. XXX */
1085 	packet_set_interactive(interactive);
1086 }
1087 
1088 /* open new channel for a session */
1089 static int
1090 ssh_session2_open(void)
1091 {
1092 	Channel *c;
1093 	int window, packetmax, in, out, err;
1094 
1095 	if (stdin_null_flag) {
1096 		in = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY);
1097 	} else {
1098 		in = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
1099 	}
1100 	out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO);
1101 	err = dup(STDERR_FILENO);
1102 
1103 	if (in < 0 || out < 0 || err < 0)
1104 		fatal("dup() in/out/err failed");
1105 
1106 	/* enable nonblocking unless tty */
1107 	if (!isatty(in))
1108 		set_nonblock(in);
1109 	if (!isatty(out))
1110 		set_nonblock(out);
1111 	if (!isatty(err))
1112 		set_nonblock(err);
1113 
1114 	window = CHAN_SES_WINDOW_DEFAULT;
1115 	packetmax = CHAN_SES_PACKET_DEFAULT;
1116 	if (!tty_flag) {
1117 		window *= 2;
1118 		packetmax *=2;
1119 	}
1120 	c = channel_new(
1121 	    "session", SSH_CHANNEL_OPENING, in, out, err,
1122 	    window, packetmax, CHAN_EXTENDED_WRITE,
1123 	    xstrdup("client-session"), /*nonblock*/0);
1124 	if (c == NULL)
1125 		fatal("ssh_session2_open: channel_new failed");
1126 
1127 	debug3("ssh_session2_open: channel_new: %d", c->self);
1128 
1129 	channel_send_open(c->self);
1130 	if (!no_shell_flag)
1131 		channel_register_callback(c->self,
1132 		     SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION,
1133 		     ssh_session2_setup, (void *)0);
1134 
1135 	return c->self;
1136 }
1137 
1138 static int
1139 ssh_session2(void)
1140 {
1141 	int id = -1;
1142 
1143 	/* XXX should be pre-session */
1144 	ssh_init_forwarding();
1145 
1146 	if (!no_shell_flag || (datafellows & SSH_BUG_DUMMYCHAN))
1147 		id = ssh_session2_open();
1148 
1149 	/* If requested, let ssh continue in the background. */
1150 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag)
1151 		if (daemon(1, 1) < 0)
1152 			fatal("daemon() failed: %.200s", strerror(errno));
1153 
1154 	return client_loop(tty_flag, tty_flag ?
1155 	    options.escape_char : SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE, id);
1156 }
1157 
1158 static void
1159 load_public_identity_files(void)
1160 {
1161 	char *filename;
1162 	Key *public;
1163 	int i = 0;
1164 
1165 #ifdef SMARTCARD
1166 	if (options.smartcard_device != NULL &&
1167 	    options.num_identity_files + 1 < SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES &&
1168 	    (public = sc_get_key(options.smartcard_device)) != NULL ) {
1169 		Key *new;
1170 
1171 		if (options.num_identity_files + 2 > SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES)
1172 			options.num_identity_files = SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES - 2;
1173 		memmove(&options.identity_files[2], &options.identity_files[0],
1174 		    sizeof(char *) * options.num_identity_files);
1175 		options.num_identity_files += 2;
1176 		i = 2;
1177 
1178 		/* XXX ssh1 vs ssh2 */
1179 		new = key_new(KEY_RSA);
1180 		new->flags = KEY_FLAG_EXT;
1181 		BN_copy(new->rsa->n, public->rsa->n);
1182 		BN_copy(new->rsa->e, public->rsa->e);
1183 		RSA_set_method(new->rsa, sc_get_engine());
1184 		options.identity_keys[0] = new;
1185 		options.identity_files[0] = xstrdup("smartcard rsa key");;
1186 
1187 		new = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
1188 		new->flags = KEY_FLAG_EXT;
1189 		BN_copy(new->rsa->n, public->rsa->n);
1190 		BN_copy(new->rsa->e, public->rsa->e);
1191 		RSA_set_method(new->rsa, sc_get_engine());
1192 		options.identity_keys[1] = new;
1193 		options.identity_files[1] = xstrdup("smartcard rsa1 key");
1194 
1195 		key_free(public);
1196 	}
1197 #endif /* SMARTCARD */
1198 	for (; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
1199 		filename = tilde_expand_filename(options.identity_files[i],
1200 		    original_real_uid);
1201 		public = key_load_public(filename, NULL);
1202 		debug("identity file %s type %d", filename,
1203 		    public ? public->type : -1);
1204 		xfree(options.identity_files[i]);
1205 		options.identity_files[i] = filename;
1206 		options.identity_keys[i] = public;
1207 	}
1208 }
1209