xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/ssh.c (revision 6f31b16b9589b822b677516478fd56b65f41c3dd)
1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh.c,v 1.471 2018/01/23 05:27:21 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Ssh client program.  This program can be used to log into a remote machine.
7  * The software supports strong authentication, encryption, and forwarding
8  * of X11, TCP/IP, and authentication connections.
9  *
10  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
11  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
12  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
13  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
14  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
15  *
16  * Copyright (c) 1999 Niels Provos.  All rights reserved.
17  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
18  *
19  * Modified to work with SSL by Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
20  * in Canada (German citizen).
21  *
22  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
23  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
24  * are met:
25  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
26  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
27  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
28  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
29  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
30  *
31  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
32  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
33  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
34  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
35  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
36  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
37  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
38  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
39  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
40  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
41  */
42 
43 #include <sys/types.h>
44 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
45 #include <sys/queue.h>
46 #include <sys/resource.h>
47 #include <sys/socket.h>
48 #include <sys/stat.h>
49 #include <sys/time.h>
50 #include <sys/wait.h>
51 
52 #include <ctype.h>
53 #include <errno.h>
54 #include <fcntl.h>
55 #include <netdb.h>
56 #include <paths.h>
57 #include <pwd.h>
58 #include <signal.h>
59 #include <stddef.h>
60 #include <stdio.h>
61 #include <stdlib.h>
62 #include <string.h>
63 #include <unistd.h>
64 #include <limits.h>
65 #include <locale.h>
66 
67 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
68 #include <openssl/evp.h>
69 #include <openssl/err.h>
70 #endif
71 
72 #include "xmalloc.h"
73 #include "ssh.h"
74 #include "ssh2.h"
75 #include "canohost.h"
76 #include "compat.h"
77 #include "cipher.h"
78 #include "digest.h"
79 #include "packet.h"
80 #include "buffer.h"
81 #include "channels.h"
82 #include "key.h"
83 #include "authfd.h"
84 #include "authfile.h"
85 #include "pathnames.h"
86 #include "dispatch.h"
87 #include "clientloop.h"
88 #include "log.h"
89 #include "misc.h"
90 #include "readconf.h"
91 #include "sshconnect.h"
92 #include "kex.h"
93 #include "mac.h"
94 #include "sshpty.h"
95 #include "match.h"
96 #include "msg.h"
97 #include "uidswap.h"
98 #include "version.h"
99 #include "ssherr.h"
100 #include "myproposal.h"
101 
102 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
103 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
104 #endif
105 
106 extern char *__progname;
107 
108 /* Flag indicating whether debug mode is on.  May be set on the command line. */
109 int debug_flag = 0;
110 
111 /* Flag indicating whether a tty should be requested */
112 int tty_flag = 0;
113 
114 /* don't exec a shell */
115 int no_shell_flag = 0;
116 
117 /*
118  * Flag indicating that nothing should be read from stdin.  This can be set
119  * on the command line.
120  */
121 int stdin_null_flag = 0;
122 
123 /*
124  * Flag indicating that the current process should be backgrounded and
125  * a new slave launched in the foreground for ControlPersist.
126  */
127 int need_controlpersist_detach = 0;
128 
129 /* Copies of flags for ControlPersist foreground slave */
130 int ostdin_null_flag, ono_shell_flag, otty_flag, orequest_tty;
131 
132 /*
133  * Flag indicating that ssh should fork after authentication.  This is useful
134  * so that the passphrase can be entered manually, and then ssh goes to the
135  * background.
136  */
137 int fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
138 
139 /*
140  * General data structure for command line options and options configurable
141  * in configuration files.  See readconf.h.
142  */
143 Options options;
144 
145 /* optional user configfile */
146 char *config = NULL;
147 
148 /*
149  * Name of the host we are connecting to.  This is the name given on the
150  * command line, or the HostName specified for the user-supplied name in a
151  * configuration file.
152  */
153 char *host;
154 
155 /* Various strings used to to percent_expand() arguments */
156 static char thishost[NI_MAXHOST], shorthost[NI_MAXHOST], portstr[NI_MAXSERV];
157 static char uidstr[32], *host_arg, *conn_hash_hex;
158 
159 /* socket address the host resolves to */
160 struct sockaddr_storage hostaddr;
161 
162 /* Private host keys. */
163 Sensitive sensitive_data;
164 
165 /* Original real UID. */
166 uid_t original_real_uid;
167 uid_t original_effective_uid;
168 
169 /* command to be executed */
170 Buffer command;
171 
172 /* Should we execute a command or invoke a subsystem? */
173 int subsystem_flag = 0;
174 
175 /* # of replies received for global requests */
176 static int remote_forward_confirms_received = 0;
177 
178 /* mux.c */
179 extern int muxserver_sock;
180 extern u_int muxclient_command;
181 
182 /* Prints a help message to the user.  This function never returns. */
183 
184 static void
185 usage(void)
186 {
187 	fprintf(stderr,
188 "usage: ssh [-46AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec]\n"
189 "           [-D [bind_address:]port] [-E log_file] [-e escape_char]\n"
190 "           [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11] [-i identity_file]\n"
191 "           [-J [user@]host[:port]] [-L address] [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec]\n"
192 "           [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-p port] [-Q query_option] [-R address]\n"
193 "           [-S ctl_path] [-W host:port] [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]]\n"
194 "           destination [command]\n"
195 	);
196 	exit(255);
197 }
198 
199 static int ssh_session2(struct ssh *, struct passwd *);
200 static void load_public_identity_files(struct passwd *);
201 static void main_sigchld_handler(int);
202 
203 /* ~/ expand a list of paths. NB. assumes path[n] is heap-allocated. */
204 static void
205 tilde_expand_paths(char **paths, u_int num_paths)
206 {
207 	u_int i;
208 	char *cp;
209 
210 	for (i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
211 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(paths[i], original_real_uid);
212 		free(paths[i]);
213 		paths[i] = cp;
214 	}
215 }
216 
217 /*
218  * Attempt to resolve a host name / port to a set of addresses and
219  * optionally return any CNAMEs encountered along the way.
220  * Returns NULL on failure.
221  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
222  */
223 static struct addrinfo *
224 resolve_host(const char *name, int port, int logerr, char *cname, size_t clen)
225 {
226 	char strport[NI_MAXSERV];
227 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
228 	int gaierr, loglevel = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
229 
230 	if (port <= 0)
231 		port = default_ssh_port();
232 
233 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%d", port);
234 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
235 	hints.ai_family = options.address_family == -1 ?
236 	    AF_UNSPEC : options.address_family;
237 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
238 	if (cname != NULL)
239 		hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
240 	if ((gaierr = getaddrinfo(name, strport, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
241 		if (logerr || (gaierr != EAI_NONAME && gaierr != EAI_NODATA))
242 			loglevel = SYSLOG_LEVEL_ERROR;
243 		do_log2(loglevel, "%s: Could not resolve hostname %.100s: %s",
244 		    __progname, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
245 		return NULL;
246 	}
247 	if (cname != NULL && res->ai_canonname != NULL) {
248 		if (strlcpy(cname, res->ai_canonname, clen) >= clen) {
249 			error("%s: host \"%s\" cname \"%s\" too long (max %lu)",
250 			    __func__, name,  res->ai_canonname, (u_long)clen);
251 			if (clen > 0)
252 				*cname = '\0';
253 		}
254 	}
255 	return res;
256 }
257 
258 /* Returns non-zero if name can only be an address and not a hostname */
259 static int
260 is_addr_fast(const char *name)
261 {
262 	return (strchr(name, '%') != NULL || strchr(name, ':') != NULL ||
263 	    strspn(name, "0123456789.") == strlen(name));
264 }
265 
266 /* Returns non-zero if name represents a valid, single address */
267 static int
268 is_addr(const char *name)
269 {
270 	char strport[NI_MAXSERV];
271 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
272 
273 	if (is_addr_fast(name))
274 		return 1;
275 
276 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%u", default_ssh_port());
277 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
278 	hints.ai_family = options.address_family == -1 ?
279 	    AF_UNSPEC : options.address_family;
280 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
281 	hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST|AI_NUMERICSERV;
282 	if (getaddrinfo(name, strport, &hints, &res) != 0)
283 		return 0;
284 	if (res == NULL || res->ai_next != NULL) {
285 		freeaddrinfo(res);
286 		return 0;
287 	}
288 	freeaddrinfo(res);
289 	return 1;
290 }
291 
292 /*
293  * Attempt to resolve a numeric host address / port to a single address.
294  * Returns a canonical address string.
295  * Returns NULL on failure.
296  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
297  */
298 static struct addrinfo *
299 resolve_addr(const char *name, int port, char *caddr, size_t clen)
300 {
301 	char addr[NI_MAXHOST], strport[NI_MAXSERV];
302 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
303 	int gaierr;
304 
305 	if (port <= 0)
306 		port = default_ssh_port();
307 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%u", port);
308 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
309 	hints.ai_family = options.address_family == -1 ?
310 	    AF_UNSPEC : options.address_family;
311 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
312 	hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST|AI_NUMERICSERV;
313 	if ((gaierr = getaddrinfo(name, strport, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
314 		debug2("%s: could not resolve name %.100s as address: %s",
315 		    __func__, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
316 		return NULL;
317 	}
318 	if (res == NULL) {
319 		debug("%s: getaddrinfo %.100s returned no addresses",
320 		 __func__, name);
321 		return NULL;
322 	}
323 	if (res->ai_next != NULL) {
324 		debug("%s: getaddrinfo %.100s returned multiple addresses",
325 		    __func__, name);
326 		goto fail;
327 	}
328 	if ((gaierr = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
329 	    addr, sizeof(addr), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) != 0) {
330 		debug("%s: Could not format address for name %.100s: %s",
331 		    __func__, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
332 		goto fail;
333 	}
334 	if (strlcpy(caddr, addr, clen) >= clen) {
335 		error("%s: host \"%s\" addr \"%s\" too long (max %lu)",
336 		    __func__, name,  addr, (u_long)clen);
337 		if (clen > 0)
338 			*caddr = '\0';
339  fail:
340 		freeaddrinfo(res);
341 		return NULL;
342 	}
343 	return res;
344 }
345 
346 /*
347  * Check whether the cname is a permitted replacement for the hostname
348  * and perform the replacement if it is.
349  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
350  */
351 static int
352 check_follow_cname(int direct, char **namep, const char *cname)
353 {
354 	int i;
355 	struct allowed_cname *rule;
356 
357 	if (*cname == '\0' || options.num_permitted_cnames == 0 ||
358 	    strcmp(*namep, cname) == 0)
359 		return 0;
360 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_NO)
361 		return 0;
362 	/*
363 	 * Don't attempt to canonicalize names that will be interpreted by
364 	 * a proxy or jump host unless the user specifically requests so.
365 	 */
366 	if (!direct &&
367 	    options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)
368 		return 0;
369 	debug3("%s: check \"%s\" CNAME \"%s\"", __func__, *namep, cname);
370 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_permitted_cnames; i++) {
371 		rule = options.permitted_cnames + i;
372 		if (match_pattern_list(*namep, rule->source_list, 1) != 1 ||
373 		    match_pattern_list(cname, rule->target_list, 1) != 1)
374 			continue;
375 		verbose("Canonicalized DNS aliased hostname "
376 		    "\"%s\" => \"%s\"", *namep, cname);
377 		free(*namep);
378 		*namep = xstrdup(cname);
379 		return 1;
380 	}
381 	return 0;
382 }
383 
384 /*
385  * Attempt to resolve the supplied hostname after applying the user's
386  * canonicalization rules. Returns the address list for the host or NULL
387  * if no name was found after canonicalization.
388  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
389  */
390 static struct addrinfo *
391 resolve_canonicalize(char **hostp, int port)
392 {
393 	int i, direct, ndots;
394 	char *cp, *fullhost, newname[NI_MAXHOST];
395 	struct addrinfo *addrs;
396 
397 	/*
398 	 * Attempt to canonicalise addresses, regardless of
399 	 * whether hostname canonicalisation was requested
400 	 */
401 	if ((addrs = resolve_addr(*hostp, port,
402 	    newname, sizeof(newname))) != NULL) {
403 		debug2("%s: hostname %.100s is address", __func__, *hostp);
404 		if (strcasecmp(*hostp, newname) != 0) {
405 			debug2("%s: canonicalised address \"%s\" => \"%s\"",
406 			    __func__, *hostp, newname);
407 			free(*hostp);
408 			*hostp = xstrdup(newname);
409 		}
410 		return addrs;
411 	}
412 
413 	/*
414 	 * If this looks like an address but didn't parse as one, it might
415 	 * be an address with an invalid interface scope. Skip further
416 	 * attempts at canonicalisation.
417 	 */
418 	if (is_addr_fast(*hostp)) {
419 		debug("%s: hostname %.100s is an unrecognised address",
420 		    __func__, *hostp);
421 		return NULL;
422 	}
423 
424 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_NO)
425 		return NULL;
426 
427 	/*
428 	 * Don't attempt to canonicalize names that will be interpreted by
429 	 * a proxy unless the user specifically requests so.
430 	 */
431 	direct = option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command) &&
432 	    options.jump_host == NULL;
433 	if (!direct &&
434 	    options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)
435 		return NULL;
436 
437 	/* If domain name is anchored, then resolve it now */
438 	if ((*hostp)[strlen(*hostp) - 1] == '.') {
439 		debug3("%s: name is fully qualified", __func__);
440 		fullhost = xstrdup(*hostp);
441 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(fullhost, port, 0,
442 		    newname, sizeof(newname))) != NULL)
443 			goto found;
444 		free(fullhost);
445 		goto notfound;
446 	}
447 
448 	/* Don't apply canonicalization to sufficiently-qualified hostnames */
449 	ndots = 0;
450 	for (cp = *hostp; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
451 		if (*cp == '.')
452 			ndots++;
453 	}
454 	if (ndots > options.canonicalize_max_dots) {
455 		debug3("%s: not canonicalizing hostname \"%s\" (max dots %d)",
456 		    __func__, *hostp, options.canonicalize_max_dots);
457 		return NULL;
458 	}
459 	/* Attempt each supplied suffix */
460 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_canonical_domains; i++) {
461 		*newname = '\0';
462 		xasprintf(&fullhost, "%s.%s.", *hostp,
463 		    options.canonical_domains[i]);
464 		debug3("%s: attempting \"%s\" => \"%s\"", __func__,
465 		    *hostp, fullhost);
466 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(fullhost, port, 0,
467 		    newname, sizeof(newname))) == NULL) {
468 			free(fullhost);
469 			continue;
470 		}
471  found:
472 		/* Remove trailing '.' */
473 		fullhost[strlen(fullhost) - 1] = '\0';
474 		/* Follow CNAME if requested */
475 		if (!check_follow_cname(direct, &fullhost, newname)) {
476 			debug("Canonicalized hostname \"%s\" => \"%s\"",
477 			    *hostp, fullhost);
478 		}
479 		free(*hostp);
480 		*hostp = fullhost;
481 		return addrs;
482 	}
483  notfound:
484 	if (!options.canonicalize_fallback_local)
485 		fatal("%s: Could not resolve host \"%s\"", __progname, *hostp);
486 	debug2("%s: host %s not found in any suffix", __func__, *hostp);
487 	return NULL;
488 }
489 
490 /*
491  * Read per-user configuration file.  Ignore the system wide config
492  * file if the user specifies a config file on the command line.
493  */
494 static void
495 process_config_files(const char *host_name, struct passwd *pw, int post_canon)
496 {
497 	char buf[PATH_MAX];
498 	int r;
499 
500 	if (config != NULL) {
501 		if (strcasecmp(config, "none") != 0 &&
502 		    !read_config_file(config, pw, host, host_name, &options,
503 		    SSHCONF_USERCONF | (post_canon ? SSHCONF_POSTCANON : 0)))
504 			fatal("Can't open user config file %.100s: "
505 			    "%.100s", config, strerror(errno));
506 	} else {
507 		r = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir,
508 		    _PATH_SSH_USER_CONFFILE);
509 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < sizeof(buf))
510 			(void)read_config_file(buf, pw, host, host_name,
511 			    &options, SSHCONF_CHECKPERM | SSHCONF_USERCONF |
512 			    (post_canon ? SSHCONF_POSTCANON : 0));
513 
514 		/* Read systemwide configuration file after user config. */
515 		(void)read_config_file(_PATH_HOST_CONFIG_FILE, pw,
516 		    host, host_name, &options,
517 		    post_canon ? SSHCONF_POSTCANON : 0);
518 	}
519 }
520 
521 /* Rewrite the port number in an addrinfo list of addresses */
522 static void
523 set_addrinfo_port(struct addrinfo *addrs, int port)
524 {
525 	struct addrinfo *addr;
526 
527 	for (addr = addrs; addr != NULL; addr = addr->ai_next) {
528 		switch (addr->ai_family) {
529 		case AF_INET:
530 			((struct sockaddr_in *)addr->ai_addr)->
531 			    sin_port = htons(port);
532 			break;
533 		case AF_INET6:
534 			((struct sockaddr_in6 *)addr->ai_addr)->
535 			    sin6_port = htons(port);
536 			break;
537 		}
538 	}
539 }
540 
541 /*
542  * Main program for the ssh client.
543  */
544 int
545 main(int ac, char **av)
546 {
547 	struct ssh *ssh = NULL;
548 	int i, r, opt, exit_status, use_syslog, direct, timeout_ms;
549 	int was_addr, config_test = 0, opt_terminated = 0;
550 	char *p, *cp, *line, *argv0, buf[PATH_MAX], *logfile;
551 	char cname[NI_MAXHOST];
552 	struct stat st;
553 	struct passwd *pw;
554 	extern int optind, optreset;
555 	extern char *optarg;
556 	struct Forward fwd;
557 	struct addrinfo *addrs = NULL;
558 	struct ssh_digest_ctx *md;
559 	u_char conn_hash[SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH];
560 
561 	ssh_malloc_init();	/* must be called before any mallocs */
562 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
563 	sanitise_stdfd();
564 
565 	/*
566 	 * Discard other fds that are hanging around. These can cause problem
567 	 * with backgrounded ssh processes started by ControlPersist.
568 	 */
569 	closefrom(STDERR_FILENO + 1);
570 
571 	/*
572 	 * Save the original real uid.  It will be needed later (uid-swapping
573 	 * may clobber the real uid).
574 	 */
575 	original_real_uid = getuid();
576 	original_effective_uid = geteuid();
577 
578 	/*
579 	 * Use uid-swapping to give up root privileges for the duration of
580 	 * option processing.  We will re-instantiate the rights when we are
581 	 * ready to create the privileged port, and will permanently drop
582 	 * them when the port has been created (actually, when the connection
583 	 * has been made, as we may need to create the port several times).
584 	 */
585 	PRIV_END;
586 
587 	/* If we are installed setuid root be careful to not drop core. */
588 	if (original_real_uid != original_effective_uid) {
589 		struct rlimit rlim;
590 		rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 0;
591 		if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim) < 0)
592 			fatal("setrlimit failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
593 	}
594 	/* Get user data. */
595 	pw = getpwuid(original_real_uid);
596 	if (!pw) {
597 		logit("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)original_real_uid);
598 		exit(255);
599 	}
600 	/* Take a copy of the returned structure. */
601 	pw = pwcopy(pw);
602 
603 	/*
604 	 * Set our umask to something reasonable, as some files are created
605 	 * with the default umask.  This will make them world-readable but
606 	 * writable only by the owner, which is ok for all files for which we
607 	 * don't set the modes explicitly.
608 	 */
609 	umask(022);
610 
611 	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
612 
613 	/*
614 	 * Initialize option structure to indicate that no values have been
615 	 * set.
616 	 */
617 	initialize_options(&options);
618 
619 	/*
620 	 * Prepare main ssh transport/connection structures
621 	 */
622 	if ((ssh = ssh_alloc_session_state()) == NULL)
623 		fatal("Couldn't allocate session state");
624 	channel_init_channels(ssh);
625 	active_state = ssh; /* XXX legacy API compat */
626 
627 	/* Parse command-line arguments. */
628 	host = NULL;
629 	use_syslog = 0;
630 	logfile = NULL;
631 	argv0 = av[0];
632 
633  again:
634 	while ((opt = getopt(ac, av, "1246ab:c:e:fgi:kl:m:no:p:qstvx"
635 	    "ACD:E:F:GI:J:KL:MNO:PQ:R:S:TVw:W:XYy")) != -1) {
636 		switch (opt) {
637 		case '1':
638 			fatal("SSH protocol v.1 is no longer supported");
639 			break;
640 		case '2':
641 			/* Ignored */
642 			break;
643 		case '4':
644 			options.address_family = AF_INET;
645 			break;
646 		case '6':
647 			options.address_family = AF_INET6;
648 			break;
649 		case 'n':
650 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
651 			break;
652 		case 'f':
653 			fork_after_authentication_flag = 1;
654 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
655 			break;
656 		case 'x':
657 			options.forward_x11 = 0;
658 			break;
659 		case 'X':
660 			options.forward_x11 = 1;
661 			break;
662 		case 'y':
663 			use_syslog = 1;
664 			break;
665 		case 'E':
666 			logfile = optarg;
667 			break;
668 		case 'G':
669 			config_test = 1;
670 			break;
671 		case 'Y':
672 			options.forward_x11 = 1;
673 			options.forward_x11_trusted = 1;
674 			break;
675 		case 'g':
676 			options.fwd_opts.gateway_ports = 1;
677 			break;
678 		case 'O':
679 			if (options.stdio_forward_host != NULL)
680 				fatal("Cannot specify multiplexing "
681 				    "command with -W");
682 			else if (muxclient_command != 0)
683 				fatal("Multiplexing command already specified");
684 			if (strcmp(optarg, "check") == 0)
685 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_ALIVE_CHECK;
686 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "forward") == 0)
687 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_FORWARD;
688 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "exit") == 0)
689 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_TERMINATE;
690 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "stop") == 0)
691 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_STOP;
692 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "cancel") == 0)
693 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_CANCEL_FWD;
694 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "proxy") == 0)
695 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_PROXY;
696 			else
697 				fatal("Invalid multiplex command.");
698 			break;
699 		case 'P':	/* deprecated */
700 			options.use_privileged_port = 0;
701 			break;
702 		case 'Q':
703 			cp = NULL;
704 			if (strcmp(optarg, "cipher") == 0)
705 				cp = cipher_alg_list('\n', 0);
706 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "cipher-auth") == 0)
707 				cp = cipher_alg_list('\n', 1);
708 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "mac") == 0)
709 				cp = mac_alg_list('\n');
710 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "kex") == 0)
711 				cp = kex_alg_list('\n');
712 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key") == 0)
713 				cp = sshkey_alg_list(0, 0, 0, '\n');
714 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key-cert") == 0)
715 				cp = sshkey_alg_list(1, 0, 0, '\n');
716 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key-plain") == 0)
717 				cp = sshkey_alg_list(0, 1, 0, '\n');
718 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "protocol-version") == 0) {
719 				cp = xstrdup("2");
720 			}
721 			if (cp == NULL)
722 				fatal("Unsupported query \"%s\"", optarg);
723 			printf("%s\n", cp);
724 			free(cp);
725 			exit(0);
726 			break;
727 		case 'a':
728 			options.forward_agent = 0;
729 			break;
730 		case 'A':
731 			options.forward_agent = 1;
732 			break;
733 		case 'k':
734 			options.gss_deleg_creds = 0;
735 			break;
736 		case 'K':
737 			options.gss_authentication = 1;
738 			options.gss_deleg_creds = 1;
739 			break;
740 		case 'i':
741 			p = tilde_expand_filename(optarg, original_real_uid);
742 			if (stat(p, &st) < 0)
743 				fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Identity file %s "
744 				    "not accessible: %s.\n", p,
745 				    strerror(errno));
746 			else
747 				add_identity_file(&options, NULL, p, 1);
748 			free(p);
749 			break;
750 		case 'I':
751 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
752 			free(options.pkcs11_provider);
753 			options.pkcs11_provider = xstrdup(optarg);
754 #else
755 			fprintf(stderr, "no support for PKCS#11.\n");
756 #endif
757 			break;
758 		case 'J':
759 			if (options.jump_host != NULL)
760 				fatal("Only a single -J option permitted");
761 			if (options.proxy_command != NULL)
762 				fatal("Cannot specify -J with ProxyCommand");
763 			if (parse_jump(optarg, &options, 1) == -1)
764 				fatal("Invalid -J argument");
765 			options.proxy_command = xstrdup("none");
766 			break;
767 		case 't':
768 			if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_YES)
769 				options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_FORCE;
770 			else
771 				options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_YES;
772 			break;
773 		case 'v':
774 			if (debug_flag == 0) {
775 				debug_flag = 1;
776 				options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
777 			} else {
778 				if (options.log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3) {
779 					debug_flag++;
780 					options.log_level++;
781 				}
782 			}
783 			break;
784 		case 'V':
785 			fprintf(stderr, "%s, %s\n",
786 			    SSH_VERSION,
787 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
788 			    SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION)
789 #else
790 			    "without OpenSSL"
791 #endif
792 			);
793 			if (opt == 'V')
794 				exit(0);
795 			break;
796 		case 'w':
797 			if (options.tun_open == -1)
798 				options.tun_open = SSH_TUNMODE_DEFAULT;
799 			options.tun_local = a2tun(optarg, &options.tun_remote);
800 			if (options.tun_local == SSH_TUNID_ERR) {
801 				fprintf(stderr,
802 				    "Bad tun device '%s'\n", optarg);
803 				exit(255);
804 			}
805 			break;
806 		case 'W':
807 			if (options.stdio_forward_host != NULL)
808 				fatal("stdio forward already specified");
809 			if (muxclient_command != 0)
810 				fatal("Cannot specify stdio forward with -O");
811 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 0)) {
812 				options.stdio_forward_host = fwd.listen_host;
813 				options.stdio_forward_port = fwd.listen_port;
814 				free(fwd.connect_host);
815 			} else {
816 				fprintf(stderr,
817 				    "Bad stdio forwarding specification '%s'\n",
818 				    optarg);
819 				exit(255);
820 			}
821 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
822 			no_shell_flag = 1;
823 			break;
824 		case 'q':
825 			options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_QUIET;
826 			break;
827 		case 'e':
828 			if (optarg[0] == '^' && optarg[2] == 0 &&
829 			    (u_char) optarg[1] >= 64 &&
830 			    (u_char) optarg[1] < 128)
831 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[1] & 31;
832 			else if (strlen(optarg) == 1)
833 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[0];
834 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "none") == 0)
835 				options.escape_char = SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE;
836 			else {
837 				fprintf(stderr, "Bad escape character '%s'.\n",
838 				    optarg);
839 				exit(255);
840 			}
841 			break;
842 		case 'c':
843 			if (!ciphers_valid(*optarg == '+' ?
844 			    optarg + 1 : optarg)) {
845 				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown cipher type '%s'\n",
846 				    optarg);
847 				exit(255);
848 			}
849 			free(options.ciphers);
850 			options.ciphers = xstrdup(optarg);
851 			break;
852 		case 'm':
853 			if (mac_valid(optarg)) {
854 				free(options.macs);
855 				options.macs = xstrdup(optarg);
856 			} else {
857 				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown mac type '%s'\n",
858 				    optarg);
859 				exit(255);
860 			}
861 			break;
862 		case 'M':
863 			if (options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_YES)
864 				options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_ASK;
865 			else
866 				options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_YES;
867 			break;
868 		case 'p':
869 			if (options.port == -1) {
870 				options.port = a2port(optarg);
871 				if (options.port <= 0) {
872 					fprintf(stderr, "Bad port '%s'\n",
873 					    optarg);
874 					exit(255);
875 				}
876 			}
877 			break;
878 		case 'l':
879 			if (options.user == NULL)
880 				options.user = optarg;
881 			break;
882 
883 		case 'L':
884 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 0, 0))
885 				add_local_forward(&options, &fwd);
886 			else {
887 				fprintf(stderr,
888 				    "Bad local forwarding specification '%s'\n",
889 				    optarg);
890 				exit(255);
891 			}
892 			break;
893 
894 		case 'R':
895 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 0, 1) ||
896 			    parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 1)) {
897 				add_remote_forward(&options, &fwd);
898 			} else {
899 				fprintf(stderr,
900 				    "Bad remote forwarding specification "
901 				    "'%s'\n", optarg);
902 				exit(255);
903 			}
904 			break;
905 
906 		case 'D':
907 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 0)) {
908 				add_local_forward(&options, &fwd);
909 			} else {
910 				fprintf(stderr,
911 				    "Bad dynamic forwarding specification "
912 				    "'%s'\n", optarg);
913 				exit(255);
914 			}
915 			break;
916 
917 		case 'C':
918 			options.compression = 1;
919 			break;
920 		case 'N':
921 			no_shell_flag = 1;
922 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
923 			break;
924 		case 'T':
925 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
926 			break;
927 		case 'o':
928 			line = xstrdup(optarg);
929 			if (process_config_line(&options, pw,
930 			    host ? host : "", host ? host : "", line,
931 			    "command-line", 0, NULL, SSHCONF_USERCONF) != 0)
932 				exit(255);
933 			free(line);
934 			break;
935 		case 's':
936 			subsystem_flag = 1;
937 			break;
938 		case 'S':
939 			free(options.control_path);
940 			options.control_path = xstrdup(optarg);
941 			break;
942 		case 'b':
943 			options.bind_address = optarg;
944 			break;
945 		case 'F':
946 			config = optarg;
947 			break;
948 		default:
949 			usage();
950 		}
951 	}
952 
953 	if (optind > 1 && strcmp(av[optind - 1], "--") == 0)
954 		opt_terminated = 1;
955 
956 	ac -= optind;
957 	av += optind;
958 
959 	if (ac > 0 && !host) {
960 		int tport;
961 		char *tuser;
962 		switch (parse_ssh_uri(*av, &tuser, &host, &tport)) {
963 		case -1:
964 			usage();
965 			break;
966 		case 0:
967 			if (options.user == NULL) {
968 				options.user = tuser;
969 				tuser = NULL;
970 			}
971 			free(tuser);
972 			if (options.port == -1 && tport != -1)
973 				options.port = tport;
974 			break;
975 		default:
976 			p = xstrdup(*av);
977 			cp = strrchr(p, '@');
978 			if (cp != NULL) {
979 				if (cp == p)
980 					usage();
981 				if (options.user == NULL) {
982 					options.user = p;
983 					p = NULL;
984 				}
985 				*cp++ = '\0';
986 				host = xstrdup(cp);
987 				free(p);
988 			} else
989 				host = p;
990 			break;
991 		}
992 		if (ac > 1 && !opt_terminated) {
993 			optind = optreset = 1;
994 			goto again;
995 		}
996 		ac--, av++;
997 	}
998 
999 	/* Check that we got a host name. */
1000 	if (!host)
1001 		usage();
1002 
1003 	host_arg = xstrdup(host);
1004 
1005 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1006 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
1007 	ERR_load_crypto_strings();
1008 #endif
1009 
1010 	/* Initialize the command to execute on remote host. */
1011 	buffer_init(&command);
1012 
1013 	/*
1014 	 * Save the command to execute on the remote host in a buffer. There
1015 	 * is no limit on the length of the command, except by the maximum
1016 	 * packet size.  Also sets the tty flag if there is no command.
1017 	 */
1018 	if (!ac) {
1019 		/* No command specified - execute shell on a tty. */
1020 		if (subsystem_flag) {
1021 			fprintf(stderr,
1022 			    "You must specify a subsystem to invoke.\n");
1023 			usage();
1024 		}
1025 	} else {
1026 		/* A command has been specified.  Store it into the buffer. */
1027 		for (i = 0; i < ac; i++) {
1028 			if (i)
1029 				buffer_append(&command, " ", 1);
1030 			buffer_append(&command, av[i], strlen(av[i]));
1031 		}
1032 	}
1033 
1034 	/*
1035 	 * Initialize "log" output.  Since we are the client all output
1036 	 * goes to stderr unless otherwise specified by -y or -E.
1037 	 */
1038 	if (use_syslog && logfile != NULL)
1039 		fatal("Can't specify both -y and -E");
1040 	if (logfile != NULL)
1041 		log_redirect_stderr_to(logfile);
1042 	log_init(argv0,
1043 	    options.log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_NOT_SET ?
1044 	    SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO : options.log_level,
1045 	    options.log_facility == SYSLOG_FACILITY_NOT_SET ?
1046 	    SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER : options.log_facility,
1047 	    !use_syslog);
1048 
1049 	if (debug_flag)
1050 		logit("%s, %s", SSH_VERSION,
1051 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1052 		    SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION)
1053 #else
1054 		    "without OpenSSL"
1055 #endif
1056 		);
1057 
1058 	/* Parse the configuration files */
1059 	process_config_files(host_arg, pw, 0);
1060 
1061 	/* Hostname canonicalisation needs a few options filled. */
1062 	fill_default_options_for_canonicalization(&options);
1063 
1064 	/* If the user has replaced the hostname then take it into use now */
1065 	if (options.hostname != NULL) {
1066 		/* NB. Please keep in sync with readconf.c:match_cfg_line() */
1067 		cp = percent_expand(options.hostname,
1068 		    "h", host, (char *)NULL);
1069 		free(host);
1070 		host = cp;
1071 		free(options.hostname);
1072 		options.hostname = xstrdup(host);
1073 	}
1074 
1075 	/* Don't lowercase addresses, they will be explicitly canonicalised */
1076 	if ((was_addr = is_addr(host)) == 0)
1077 		lowercase(host);
1078 
1079 	/*
1080 	 * Try to canonicalize if requested by configuration or the
1081 	 * hostname is an address.
1082 	 */
1083 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_NO || was_addr)
1084 		addrs = resolve_canonicalize(&host, options.port);
1085 
1086 	/*
1087 	 * If CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs have been specified but
1088 	 * other canonicalization did not happen (by not being requested
1089 	 * or by failing with fallback) then the hostname may still be changed
1090 	 * as a result of CNAME following.
1091 	 *
1092 	 * Try to resolve the bare hostname name using the system resolver's
1093 	 * usual search rules and then apply the CNAME follow rules.
1094 	 *
1095 	 * Skip the lookup if a ProxyCommand is being used unless the user
1096 	 * has specifically requested canonicalisation for this case via
1097 	 * CanonicalizeHostname=always
1098 	 */
1099 	direct = option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command) &&
1100 	    options.jump_host == NULL;
1101 	if (addrs == NULL && options.num_permitted_cnames != 0 && (direct ||
1102 	    options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)) {
1103 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(host, options.port,
1104 		    option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command),
1105 		    cname, sizeof(cname))) == NULL) {
1106 			/* Don't fatal proxied host names not in the DNS */
1107 			if (option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command))
1108 				cleanup_exit(255); /* logged in resolve_host */
1109 		} else
1110 			check_follow_cname(direct, &host, cname);
1111 	}
1112 
1113 	/*
1114 	 * If canonicalisation is enabled then re-parse the configuration
1115 	 * files as new stanzas may match.
1116 	 */
1117 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname != 0) {
1118 		debug("Re-reading configuration after hostname "
1119 		    "canonicalisation");
1120 		free(options.hostname);
1121 		options.hostname = xstrdup(host);
1122 		process_config_files(host_arg, pw, 1);
1123 		/*
1124 		 * Address resolution happens early with canonicalisation
1125 		 * enabled and the port number may have changed since, so
1126 		 * reset it in address list
1127 		 */
1128 		if (addrs != NULL && options.port > 0)
1129 			set_addrinfo_port(addrs, options.port);
1130 	}
1131 
1132 	/* Fill configuration defaults. */
1133 	fill_default_options(&options);
1134 
1135 	/*
1136 	 * If ProxyJump option specified, then construct a ProxyCommand now.
1137 	 */
1138 	if (options.jump_host != NULL) {
1139 		char port_s[8];
1140 
1141 		/* Consistency check */
1142 		if (options.proxy_command != NULL)
1143 			fatal("inconsistent options: ProxyCommand+ProxyJump");
1144 		/* Never use FD passing for ProxyJump */
1145 		options.proxy_use_fdpass = 0;
1146 		snprintf(port_s, sizeof(port_s), "%d", options.jump_port);
1147 		xasprintf(&options.proxy_command,
1148 		    "ssh%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%.*s -W '[%%h]:%%p' %s",
1149 		    /* Optional "-l user" argument if jump_user set */
1150 		    options.jump_user == NULL ? "" : " -l ",
1151 		    options.jump_user == NULL ? "" : options.jump_user,
1152 		    /* Optional "-p port" argument if jump_port set */
1153 		    options.jump_port <= 0 ? "" : " -p ",
1154 		    options.jump_port <= 0 ? "" : port_s,
1155 		    /* Optional additional jump hosts ",..." */
1156 		    options.jump_extra == NULL ? "" : " -J ",
1157 		    options.jump_extra == NULL ? "" : options.jump_extra,
1158 		    /* Optional "-F" argumment if -F specified */
1159 		    config == NULL ? "" : " -F ",
1160 		    config == NULL ? "" : config,
1161 		    /* Optional "-v" arguments if -v set */
1162 		    debug_flag ? " -" : "",
1163 		    debug_flag, "vvv",
1164 		    /* Mandatory hostname */
1165 		    options.jump_host);
1166 		debug("Setting implicit ProxyCommand from ProxyJump: %s",
1167 		    options.proxy_command);
1168 	}
1169 
1170 	if (options.port == 0)
1171 		options.port = default_ssh_port();
1172 	channel_set_af(ssh, options.address_family);
1173 
1174 	/* Tidy and check options */
1175 	if (options.host_key_alias != NULL)
1176 		lowercase(options.host_key_alias);
1177 	if (options.proxy_command != NULL &&
1178 	    strcmp(options.proxy_command, "-") == 0 &&
1179 	    options.proxy_use_fdpass)
1180 		fatal("ProxyCommand=- and ProxyUseFDPass are incompatible");
1181 	if (options.control_persist &&
1182 	    options.update_hostkeys == SSH_UPDATE_HOSTKEYS_ASK) {
1183 		debug("UpdateHostKeys=ask is incompatible with ControlPersist; "
1184 		    "disabling");
1185 		options.update_hostkeys = 0;
1186 	}
1187 	if (options.connection_attempts <= 0)
1188 		fatal("Invalid number of ConnectionAttempts");
1189 
1190 	if (original_effective_uid != 0)
1191 		options.use_privileged_port = 0;
1192 
1193 	if (buffer_len(&command) != 0 && options.remote_command != NULL)
1194 		fatal("Cannot execute command-line and remote command.");
1195 
1196 	/* Cannot fork to background if no command. */
1197 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag && buffer_len(&command) == 0 &&
1198 	    options.remote_command == NULL && !no_shell_flag)
1199 		fatal("Cannot fork into background without a command "
1200 		    "to execute.");
1201 
1202 	/* reinit */
1203 	log_init(argv0, options.log_level, options.log_facility, !use_syslog);
1204 
1205 	if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_YES ||
1206 	    options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_FORCE)
1207 		tty_flag = 1;
1208 
1209 	/* Allocate a tty by default if no command specified. */
1210 	if (buffer_len(&command) == 0 && options.remote_command == NULL)
1211 		tty_flag = options.request_tty != REQUEST_TTY_NO;
1212 
1213 	/* Force no tty */
1214 	if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_NO ||
1215 	    (muxclient_command && muxclient_command != SSHMUX_COMMAND_PROXY))
1216 		tty_flag = 0;
1217 	/* Do not allocate a tty if stdin is not a tty. */
1218 	if ((!isatty(fileno(stdin)) || stdin_null_flag) &&
1219 	    options.request_tty != REQUEST_TTY_FORCE) {
1220 		if (tty_flag)
1221 			logit("Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because "
1222 			    "stdin is not a terminal.");
1223 		tty_flag = 0;
1224 	}
1225 
1226 	if (options.user == NULL)
1227 		options.user = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
1228 
1229 	/* Set up strings used to percent_expand() arguments */
1230 	if (gethostname(thishost, sizeof(thishost)) == -1)
1231 		fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
1232 	strlcpy(shorthost, thishost, sizeof(shorthost));
1233 	shorthost[strcspn(thishost, ".")] = '\0';
1234 	snprintf(portstr, sizeof(portstr), "%d", options.port);
1235 	snprintf(uidstr, sizeof(uidstr), "%d", pw->pw_uid);
1236 
1237 	if ((md = ssh_digest_start(SSH_DIGEST_SHA1)) == NULL ||
1238 	    ssh_digest_update(md, thishost, strlen(thishost)) < 0 ||
1239 	    ssh_digest_update(md, host, strlen(host)) < 0 ||
1240 	    ssh_digest_update(md, portstr, strlen(portstr)) < 0 ||
1241 	    ssh_digest_update(md, options.user, strlen(options.user)) < 0 ||
1242 	    ssh_digest_final(md, conn_hash, sizeof(conn_hash)) < 0)
1243 		fatal("%s: mux digest failed", __func__);
1244 	ssh_digest_free(md);
1245 	conn_hash_hex = tohex(conn_hash, ssh_digest_bytes(SSH_DIGEST_SHA1));
1246 
1247 	/*
1248 	 * Expand tokens in arguments. NB. LocalCommand is expanded later,
1249 	 * after port-forwarding is set up, so it may pick up any local
1250 	 * tunnel interface name allocated.
1251 	 */
1252 	if (options.remote_command != NULL) {
1253 		debug3("expanding RemoteCommand: %s", options.remote_command);
1254 		cp = options.remote_command;
1255 		options.remote_command = percent_expand(cp,
1256 		    "C", conn_hash_hex,
1257 		    "L", shorthost,
1258 		    "d", pw->pw_dir,
1259 		    "h", host,
1260 		    "l", thishost,
1261 		    "n", host_arg,
1262 		    "p", portstr,
1263 		    "r", options.user,
1264 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
1265 		    (char *)NULL);
1266 		debug3("expanded RemoteCommand: %s", options.remote_command);
1267 		free(cp);
1268 		buffer_append(&command, options.remote_command,
1269 		    strlen(options.remote_command));
1270 	}
1271 
1272 	if (options.control_path != NULL) {
1273 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.control_path,
1274 		    original_real_uid);
1275 		free(options.control_path);
1276 		options.control_path = percent_expand(cp,
1277 		    "C", conn_hash_hex,
1278 		    "L", shorthost,
1279 		    "h", host,
1280 		    "l", thishost,
1281 		    "n", host_arg,
1282 		    "p", portstr,
1283 		    "r", options.user,
1284 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
1285 		    "i", uidstr,
1286 		    (char *)NULL);
1287 		free(cp);
1288 	}
1289 	free(conn_hash_hex);
1290 
1291 	if (config_test) {
1292 		dump_client_config(&options, host);
1293 		exit(0);
1294 	}
1295 
1296 	if (muxclient_command != 0 && options.control_path == NULL)
1297 		fatal("No ControlPath specified for \"-O\" command");
1298 	if (options.control_path != NULL) {
1299 		int sock;
1300 		if ((sock = muxclient(options.control_path)) >= 0) {
1301 			ssh_packet_set_connection(ssh, sock, sock);
1302 			packet_set_mux();
1303 			goto skip_connect;
1304 		}
1305 	}
1306 
1307 	/*
1308 	 * If hostname canonicalisation was not enabled, then we may not
1309 	 * have yet resolved the hostname. Do so now.
1310 	 */
1311 	if (addrs == NULL && options.proxy_command == NULL) {
1312 		debug2("resolving \"%s\" port %d", host, options.port);
1313 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(host, options.port, 1,
1314 		    cname, sizeof(cname))) == NULL)
1315 			cleanup_exit(255); /* resolve_host logs the error */
1316 	}
1317 
1318 	timeout_ms = options.connection_timeout * 1000;
1319 
1320 	/* Open a connection to the remote host. */
1321 	if (ssh_connect(ssh, host, addrs, &hostaddr, options.port,
1322 	    options.address_family, options.connection_attempts,
1323 	    &timeout_ms, options.tcp_keep_alive,
1324 	    options.use_privileged_port) != 0)
1325 		exit(255);
1326 
1327 	if (addrs != NULL)
1328 		freeaddrinfo(addrs);
1329 
1330 	packet_set_timeout(options.server_alive_interval,
1331 	    options.server_alive_count_max);
1332 
1333 	ssh = active_state; /* XXX */
1334 
1335 	if (timeout_ms > 0)
1336 		debug3("timeout: %d ms remain after connect", timeout_ms);
1337 
1338 	/*
1339 	 * If we successfully made the connection, load the host private key
1340 	 * in case we will need it later for combined rsa-rhosts
1341 	 * authentication. This must be done before releasing extra
1342 	 * privileges, because the file is only readable by root.
1343 	 * If we cannot access the private keys, load the public keys
1344 	 * instead and try to execute the ssh-keysign helper instead.
1345 	 */
1346 	sensitive_data.nkeys = 0;
1347 	sensitive_data.keys = NULL;
1348 	sensitive_data.external_keysign = 0;
1349 	if (options.hostbased_authentication) {
1350 		sensitive_data.nkeys = 9;
1351 		sensitive_data.keys = xcalloc(sensitive_data.nkeys,
1352 		    sizeof(struct sshkey));	/* XXX */
1353 
1354 		PRIV_START;
1355 		sensitive_data.keys[1] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_ECDSA,
1356 		    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1357 		sensitive_data.keys[2] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_ED25519,
1358 		    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1359 		sensitive_data.keys[3] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_RSA,
1360 		    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1361 		sensitive_data.keys[4] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_DSA,
1362 		    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1363 		sensitive_data.keys[5] = key_load_private_type(KEY_ECDSA,
1364 		    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1365 		sensitive_data.keys[6] = key_load_private_type(KEY_ED25519,
1366 		    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1367 		sensitive_data.keys[7] = key_load_private_type(KEY_RSA,
1368 		    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1369 		sensitive_data.keys[8] = key_load_private_type(KEY_DSA,
1370 		    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1371 		PRIV_END;
1372 
1373 		if (options.hostbased_authentication == 1 &&
1374 		    sensitive_data.keys[0] == NULL &&
1375 		    sensitive_data.keys[5] == NULL &&
1376 		    sensitive_data.keys[6] == NULL &&
1377 		    sensitive_data.keys[7] == NULL &&
1378 		    sensitive_data.keys[8] == NULL) {
1379 			sensitive_data.keys[1] = key_load_cert(
1380 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE);
1381 			sensitive_data.keys[2] = key_load_cert(
1382 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE);
1383 			sensitive_data.keys[3] = key_load_cert(
1384 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE);
1385 			sensitive_data.keys[4] = key_load_cert(
1386 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE);
1387 			sensitive_data.keys[5] = key_load_public(
1388 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1389 			sensitive_data.keys[6] = key_load_public(
1390 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1391 			sensitive_data.keys[7] = key_load_public(
1392 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1393 			sensitive_data.keys[8] = key_load_public(
1394 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1395 			sensitive_data.external_keysign = 1;
1396 		}
1397 	}
1398 	/*
1399 	 * Get rid of any extra privileges that we may have.  We will no
1400 	 * longer need them.  Also, extra privileges could make it very hard
1401 	 * to read identity files and other non-world-readable files from the
1402 	 * user's home directory if it happens to be on a NFS volume where
1403 	 * root is mapped to nobody.
1404 	 */
1405 	if (original_effective_uid == 0) {
1406 		PRIV_START;
1407 		permanently_set_uid(pw);
1408 	}
1409 
1410 	/*
1411 	 * Now that we are back to our own permissions, create ~/.ssh
1412 	 * directory if it doesn't already exist.
1413 	 */
1414 	if (config == NULL) {
1415 		r = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir,
1416 		    strcmp(pw->pw_dir, "/") ? "/" : "", _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
1417 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < sizeof(buf) && stat(buf, &st) < 0)
1418 			if (mkdir(buf, 0700) < 0)
1419 				error("Could not create directory '%.200s'.",
1420 				    buf);
1421 	}
1422 
1423 	/* load options.identity_files */
1424 	load_public_identity_files(pw);
1425 
1426 	/* optionally set the SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME varibale */
1427 	if (options.identity_agent &&
1428 	    strcmp(options.identity_agent, SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME) != 0) {
1429 		if (strcmp(options.identity_agent, "none") == 0) {
1430 			unsetenv(SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME);
1431 		} else {
1432 			p = tilde_expand_filename(options.identity_agent,
1433 			    original_real_uid);
1434 			cp = percent_expand(p, "d", pw->pw_dir,
1435 			    "u", pw->pw_name, "l", thishost, "h", host,
1436 			    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
1437 			setenv(SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME, cp, 1);
1438 			free(cp);
1439 			free(p);
1440 		}
1441 	}
1442 
1443 	/* Expand ~ in known host file names. */
1444 	tilde_expand_paths(options.system_hostfiles,
1445 	    options.num_system_hostfiles);
1446 	tilde_expand_paths(options.user_hostfiles, options.num_user_hostfiles);
1447 
1448 	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); /* ignore SIGPIPE early */
1449 	signal(SIGCHLD, main_sigchld_handler);
1450 
1451 	/* Log into the remote system.  Never returns if the login fails. */
1452 	ssh_login(&sensitive_data, host, (struct sockaddr *)&hostaddr,
1453 	    options.port, pw, timeout_ms);
1454 
1455 	if (packet_connection_is_on_socket()) {
1456 		verbose("Authenticated to %s ([%s]:%d).", host,
1457 		    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh));
1458 	} else {
1459 		verbose("Authenticated to %s (via proxy).", host);
1460 	}
1461 
1462 	/* We no longer need the private host keys.  Clear them now. */
1463 	if (sensitive_data.nkeys != 0) {
1464 		for (i = 0; i < sensitive_data.nkeys; i++) {
1465 			if (sensitive_data.keys[i] != NULL) {
1466 				/* Destroys contents safely */
1467 				debug3("clear hostkey %d", i);
1468 				key_free(sensitive_data.keys[i]);
1469 				sensitive_data.keys[i] = NULL;
1470 			}
1471 		}
1472 		free(sensitive_data.keys);
1473 	}
1474 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
1475 		free(options.identity_files[i]);
1476 		options.identity_files[i] = NULL;
1477 		if (options.identity_keys[i]) {
1478 			key_free(options.identity_keys[i]);
1479 			options.identity_keys[i] = NULL;
1480 		}
1481 	}
1482 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_certificate_files; i++) {
1483 		free(options.certificate_files[i]);
1484 		options.certificate_files[i] = NULL;
1485 	}
1486 
1487  skip_connect:
1488 	exit_status = ssh_session2(ssh, pw);
1489 	packet_close();
1490 
1491 	if (options.control_path != NULL && muxserver_sock != -1)
1492 		unlink(options.control_path);
1493 
1494 	/* Kill ProxyCommand if it is running. */
1495 	ssh_kill_proxy_command();
1496 
1497 	return exit_status;
1498 }
1499 
1500 static void
1501 control_persist_detach(void)
1502 {
1503 	pid_t pid;
1504 	int devnull, keep_stderr;
1505 
1506 	debug("%s: backgrounding master process", __func__);
1507 
1508  	/*
1509  	 * master (current process) into the background, and make the
1510  	 * foreground process a client of the backgrounded master.
1511  	 */
1512 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
1513 	case -1:
1514 		fatal("%s: fork: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1515 	case 0:
1516 		/* Child: master process continues mainloop */
1517  		break;
1518  	default:
1519 		/* Parent: set up mux slave to connect to backgrounded master */
1520 		debug2("%s: background process is %ld", __func__, (long)pid);
1521 		stdin_null_flag = ostdin_null_flag;
1522 		options.request_tty = orequest_tty;
1523 		tty_flag = otty_flag;
1524  		close(muxserver_sock);
1525  		muxserver_sock = -1;
1526 		options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_NO;
1527  		muxclient(options.control_path);
1528 		/* muxclient() doesn't return on success. */
1529  		fatal("Failed to connect to new control master");
1530  	}
1531 	if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
1532 		error("%s: open(\"/dev/null\"): %s", __func__,
1533 		    strerror(errno));
1534 	} else {
1535 		keep_stderr = log_is_on_stderr() && debug_flag;
1536 		if (dup2(devnull, STDIN_FILENO) == -1 ||
1537 		    dup2(devnull, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1 ||
1538 		    (!keep_stderr && dup2(devnull, STDERR_FILENO) == -1))
1539 			error("%s: dup2: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1540 		if (devnull > STDERR_FILENO)
1541 			close(devnull);
1542 	}
1543 	daemon(1, 1);
1544 	setproctitle("%s [mux]", options.control_path);
1545 }
1546 
1547 /* Do fork() after authentication. Used by "ssh -f" */
1548 static void
1549 fork_postauth(void)
1550 {
1551 	if (need_controlpersist_detach)
1552 		control_persist_detach();
1553 	debug("forking to background");
1554 	fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
1555 	if (daemon(1, 1) < 0)
1556 		fatal("daemon() failed: %.200s", strerror(errno));
1557 }
1558 
1559 /* Callback for remote forward global requests */
1560 static void
1561 ssh_confirm_remote_forward(struct ssh *ssh, int type, u_int32_t seq, void *ctxt)
1562 {
1563 	struct Forward *rfwd = (struct Forward *)ctxt;
1564 
1565 	/* XXX verbose() on failure? */
1566 	debug("remote forward %s for: listen %s%s%d, connect %s:%d",
1567 	    type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS ? "success" : "failure",
1568 	    rfwd->listen_path ? rfwd->listen_path :
1569 	    rfwd->listen_host ? rfwd->listen_host : "",
1570 	    (rfwd->listen_path || rfwd->listen_host) ? ":" : "",
1571 	    rfwd->listen_port, rfwd->connect_path ? rfwd->connect_path :
1572 	    rfwd->connect_host, rfwd->connect_port);
1573 	if (rfwd->listen_path == NULL && rfwd->listen_port == 0) {
1574 		if (type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS) {
1575 			rfwd->allocated_port = packet_get_int();
1576 			logit("Allocated port %u for remote forward to %s:%d",
1577 			    rfwd->allocated_port,
1578 			    rfwd->connect_host, rfwd->connect_port);
1579 			channel_update_permitted_opens(ssh,
1580 			    rfwd->handle, rfwd->allocated_port);
1581 		} else {
1582 			channel_update_permitted_opens(ssh, rfwd->handle, -1);
1583 		}
1584 	}
1585 
1586 	if (type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE) {
1587 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure) {
1588 			if (rfwd->listen_path != NULL)
1589 				fatal("Error: remote port forwarding failed "
1590 				    "for listen path %s", rfwd->listen_path);
1591 			else
1592 				fatal("Error: remote port forwarding failed "
1593 				    "for listen port %d", rfwd->listen_port);
1594 		} else {
1595 			if (rfwd->listen_path != NULL)
1596 				logit("Warning: remote port forwarding failed "
1597 				    "for listen path %s", rfwd->listen_path);
1598 			else
1599 				logit("Warning: remote port forwarding failed "
1600 				    "for listen port %d", rfwd->listen_port);
1601 		}
1602 	}
1603 	if (++remote_forward_confirms_received == options.num_remote_forwards) {
1604 		debug("All remote forwarding requests processed");
1605 		if (fork_after_authentication_flag)
1606 			fork_postauth();
1607 	}
1608 }
1609 
1610 static void
1611 client_cleanup_stdio_fwd(struct ssh *ssh, int id, void *arg)
1612 {
1613 	debug("stdio forwarding: done");
1614 	cleanup_exit(0);
1615 }
1616 
1617 static void
1618 ssh_stdio_confirm(struct ssh *ssh, int id, int success, void *arg)
1619 {
1620 	if (!success)
1621 		fatal("stdio forwarding failed");
1622 }
1623 
1624 static void
1625 ssh_init_stdio_forwarding(struct ssh *ssh)
1626 {
1627 	Channel *c;
1628 	int in, out;
1629 
1630 	if (options.stdio_forward_host == NULL)
1631 		return;
1632 
1633 	debug3("%s: %s:%d", __func__, options.stdio_forward_host,
1634 	    options.stdio_forward_port);
1635 
1636 	if ((in = dup(STDIN_FILENO)) < 0 ||
1637 	    (out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO)) < 0)
1638 		fatal("channel_connect_stdio_fwd: dup() in/out failed");
1639 	if ((c = channel_connect_stdio_fwd(ssh, options.stdio_forward_host,
1640 	    options.stdio_forward_port, in, out)) == NULL)
1641 		fatal("%s: channel_connect_stdio_fwd failed", __func__);
1642 	channel_register_cleanup(ssh, c->self, client_cleanup_stdio_fwd, 0);
1643 	channel_register_open_confirm(ssh, c->self, ssh_stdio_confirm, NULL);
1644 }
1645 
1646 static void
1647 ssh_init_forwarding(struct ssh *ssh, char **ifname)
1648 {
1649 	int success = 0;
1650 	int i;
1651 
1652 	/* Initiate local TCP/IP port forwardings. */
1653 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_local_forwards; i++) {
1654 		debug("Local connections to %.200s:%d forwarded to remote "
1655 		    "address %.200s:%d",
1656 		    (options.local_forwards[i].listen_path != NULL) ?
1657 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_path :
1658 		    (options.local_forwards[i].listen_host == NULL) ?
1659 		    (options.fwd_opts.gateway_ports ? "*" : "LOCALHOST") :
1660 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_host,
1661 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_port,
1662 		    (options.local_forwards[i].connect_path != NULL) ?
1663 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_path :
1664 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_host,
1665 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_port);
1666 		success += channel_setup_local_fwd_listener(ssh,
1667 		    &options.local_forwards[i], &options.fwd_opts);
1668 	}
1669 	if (i > 0 && success != i && options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1670 		fatal("Could not request local forwarding.");
1671 	if (i > 0 && success == 0)
1672 		error("Could not request local forwarding.");
1673 
1674 	/* Initiate remote TCP/IP port forwardings. */
1675 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_remote_forwards; i++) {
1676 		debug("Remote connections from %.200s:%d forwarded to "
1677 		    "local address %.200s:%d",
1678 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].listen_path != NULL) ?
1679 		    options.remote_forwards[i].listen_path :
1680 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].listen_host == NULL) ?
1681 		    "LOCALHOST" : options.remote_forwards[i].listen_host,
1682 		    options.remote_forwards[i].listen_port,
1683 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].connect_path != NULL) ?
1684 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_path :
1685 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_host,
1686 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_port);
1687 		options.remote_forwards[i].handle =
1688 		    channel_request_remote_forwarding(ssh,
1689 		    &options.remote_forwards[i]);
1690 		if (options.remote_forwards[i].handle < 0) {
1691 			if (options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1692 				fatal("Could not request remote forwarding.");
1693 			else
1694 				logit("Warning: Could not request remote "
1695 				    "forwarding.");
1696 		} else {
1697 			client_register_global_confirm(
1698 			    ssh_confirm_remote_forward,
1699 			    &options.remote_forwards[i]);
1700 		}
1701 	}
1702 
1703 	/* Initiate tunnel forwarding. */
1704 	if (options.tun_open != SSH_TUNMODE_NO) {
1705 		if ((*ifname = client_request_tun_fwd(ssh,
1706 		    options.tun_open, options.tun_local,
1707 		    options.tun_remote)) == NULL) {
1708 			if (options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1709 				fatal("Could not request tunnel forwarding.");
1710 			else
1711 				error("Could not request tunnel forwarding.");
1712 		}
1713 	}
1714 }
1715 
1716 static void
1717 check_agent_present(void)
1718 {
1719 	int r;
1720 
1721 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1722 		/* Clear agent forwarding if we don't have an agent. */
1723 		if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(NULL)) != 0) {
1724 			options.forward_agent = 0;
1725 			if (r != SSH_ERR_AGENT_NOT_PRESENT)
1726 				debug("ssh_get_authentication_socket: %s",
1727 				    ssh_err(r));
1728 		}
1729 	}
1730 }
1731 
1732 static void
1733 ssh_session2_setup(struct ssh *ssh, int id, int success, void *arg)
1734 {
1735 	extern char **environ;
1736 	const char *display;
1737 	int interactive = tty_flag;
1738 	char *proto = NULL, *data = NULL;
1739 
1740 	if (!success)
1741 		return; /* No need for error message, channels code sens one */
1742 
1743 	display = getenv("DISPLAY");
1744 	if (display == NULL && options.forward_x11)
1745 		debug("X11 forwarding requested but DISPLAY not set");
1746 	if (options.forward_x11 && client_x11_get_proto(ssh, display,
1747 	    options.xauth_location, options.forward_x11_trusted,
1748 	    options.forward_x11_timeout, &proto, &data) == 0) {
1749 		/* Request forwarding with authentication spoofing. */
1750 		debug("Requesting X11 forwarding with authentication "
1751 		    "spoofing.");
1752 		x11_request_forwarding_with_spoofing(ssh, id, display, proto,
1753 		    data, 1);
1754 		client_expect_confirm(ssh, id, "X11 forwarding", CONFIRM_WARN);
1755 		/* XXX exit_on_forward_failure */
1756 		interactive = 1;
1757 	}
1758 
1759 	check_agent_present();
1760 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1761 		debug("Requesting authentication agent forwarding.");
1762 		channel_request_start(ssh, id, "auth-agent-req@openssh.com", 0);
1763 		packet_send();
1764 	}
1765 
1766 	/* Tell the packet module whether this is an interactive session. */
1767 	packet_set_interactive(interactive,
1768 	    options.ip_qos_interactive, options.ip_qos_bulk);
1769 
1770 	client_session2_setup(ssh, id, tty_flag, subsystem_flag, getenv("TERM"),
1771 	    NULL, fileno(stdin), &command, environ);
1772 }
1773 
1774 /* open new channel for a session */
1775 static int
1776 ssh_session2_open(struct ssh *ssh)
1777 {
1778 	Channel *c;
1779 	int window, packetmax, in, out, err;
1780 
1781 	if (stdin_null_flag) {
1782 		in = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY);
1783 	} else {
1784 		in = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
1785 	}
1786 	out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO);
1787 	err = dup(STDERR_FILENO);
1788 
1789 	if (in < 0 || out < 0 || err < 0)
1790 		fatal("dup() in/out/err failed");
1791 
1792 	/* enable nonblocking unless tty */
1793 	if (!isatty(in))
1794 		set_nonblock(in);
1795 	if (!isatty(out))
1796 		set_nonblock(out);
1797 	if (!isatty(err))
1798 		set_nonblock(err);
1799 
1800 	window = CHAN_SES_WINDOW_DEFAULT;
1801 	packetmax = CHAN_SES_PACKET_DEFAULT;
1802 	if (tty_flag) {
1803 		window >>= 1;
1804 		packetmax >>= 1;
1805 	}
1806 	c = channel_new(ssh,
1807 	    "session", SSH_CHANNEL_OPENING, in, out, err,
1808 	    window, packetmax, CHAN_EXTENDED_WRITE,
1809 	    "client-session", /*nonblock*/0);
1810 
1811 	debug3("%s: channel_new: %d", __func__, c->self);
1812 
1813 	channel_send_open(ssh, c->self);
1814 	if (!no_shell_flag)
1815 		channel_register_open_confirm(ssh, c->self,
1816 		    ssh_session2_setup, NULL);
1817 
1818 	return c->self;
1819 }
1820 
1821 static int
1822 ssh_session2(struct ssh *ssh, struct passwd *pw)
1823 {
1824 	int devnull, id = -1;
1825 	char *cp, *tun_fwd_ifname = NULL;
1826 
1827 	/* XXX should be pre-session */
1828 	if (!options.control_persist)
1829 		ssh_init_stdio_forwarding(ssh);
1830 
1831 	ssh_init_forwarding(ssh, &tun_fwd_ifname);
1832 
1833 	if (options.local_command != NULL) {
1834 		debug3("expanding LocalCommand: %s", options.local_command);
1835 		cp = options.local_command;
1836 		options.local_command = percent_expand(cp,
1837 		    "C", conn_hash_hex,
1838 		    "L", shorthost,
1839 		    "d", pw->pw_dir,
1840 		    "h", host,
1841 		    "l", thishost,
1842 		    "n", host_arg,
1843 		    "p", portstr,
1844 		    "r", options.user,
1845 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
1846 		    "T", tun_fwd_ifname == NULL ? "NONE" : tun_fwd_ifname,
1847 		    (char *)NULL);
1848 		debug3("expanded LocalCommand: %s", options.local_command);
1849 		free(cp);
1850 	}
1851 
1852 	/* Start listening for multiplex clients */
1853 	if (!packet_get_mux())
1854 		muxserver_listen(ssh);
1855 
1856  	/*
1857 	 * If we are in control persist mode and have a working mux listen
1858 	 * socket, then prepare to background ourselves and have a foreground
1859 	 * client attach as a control slave.
1860 	 * NB. we must save copies of the flags that we override for
1861 	 * the backgrounding, since we defer attachment of the slave until
1862 	 * after the connection is fully established (in particular,
1863 	 * async rfwd replies have been received for ExitOnForwardFailure).
1864 	 */
1865  	if (options.control_persist && muxserver_sock != -1) {
1866 		ostdin_null_flag = stdin_null_flag;
1867 		ono_shell_flag = no_shell_flag;
1868 		orequest_tty = options.request_tty;
1869 		otty_flag = tty_flag;
1870  		stdin_null_flag = 1;
1871  		no_shell_flag = 1;
1872  		tty_flag = 0;
1873 		if (!fork_after_authentication_flag)
1874 			need_controlpersist_detach = 1;
1875 		fork_after_authentication_flag = 1;
1876  	}
1877 	/*
1878 	 * ControlPersist mux listen socket setup failed, attempt the
1879 	 * stdio forward setup that we skipped earlier.
1880 	 */
1881 	if (options.control_persist && muxserver_sock == -1)
1882 		ssh_init_stdio_forwarding(ssh);
1883 
1884 	if (!no_shell_flag)
1885 		id = ssh_session2_open(ssh);
1886 	else {
1887 		packet_set_interactive(
1888 		    options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_NO,
1889 		    options.ip_qos_interactive, options.ip_qos_bulk);
1890 	}
1891 
1892 	/* If we don't expect to open a new session, then disallow it */
1893 	if (options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_NO &&
1894 	    (datafellows & SSH_NEW_OPENSSH)) {
1895 		debug("Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com");
1896 		packet_start(SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST);
1897 		packet_put_cstring("no-more-sessions@openssh.com");
1898 		packet_put_char(0);
1899 		packet_send();
1900 	}
1901 
1902 	/* Execute a local command */
1903 	if (options.local_command != NULL &&
1904 	    options.permit_local_command)
1905 		ssh_local_cmd(options.local_command);
1906 
1907 	/*
1908 	 * stdout is now owned by the session channel; clobber it here
1909 	 * so future channel closes are propagated to the local fd.
1910 	 * NB. this can only happen after LocalCommand has completed,
1911 	 * as it may want to write to stdout.
1912 	 */
1913 	if (!need_controlpersist_detach) {
1914 		if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_WRONLY)) == -1)
1915 			error("%s: open %s: %s", __func__,
1916 			    _PATH_DEVNULL, strerror(errno));
1917 		if (dup2(devnull, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
1918 			fatal("%s: dup2() stdout failed", __func__);
1919 		if (devnull > STDERR_FILENO)
1920 			close(devnull);
1921 	}
1922 
1923 	/*
1924 	 * If requested and we are not interested in replies to remote
1925 	 * forwarding requests, then let ssh continue in the background.
1926 	 */
1927 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag) {
1928 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure &&
1929 		    options.num_remote_forwards > 0) {
1930 			debug("deferring postauth fork until remote forward "
1931 			    "confirmation received");
1932 		} else
1933 			fork_postauth();
1934 	}
1935 
1936 	return client_loop(ssh, tty_flag, tty_flag ?
1937 	    options.escape_char : SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE, id);
1938 }
1939 
1940 /* Loads all IdentityFile and CertificateFile keys */
1941 static void
1942 load_public_identity_files(struct passwd *pw)
1943 {
1944 	char *filename, *cp;
1945 	struct sshkey *public;
1946 	int i;
1947 	u_int n_ids, n_certs;
1948 	char *identity_files[SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES];
1949 	struct sshkey *identity_keys[SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES];
1950 	char *certificate_files[SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES];
1951 	struct sshkey *certificates[SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES];
1952 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1953 	struct sshkey **keys;
1954 	int nkeys;
1955 #endif /* PKCS11 */
1956 
1957 	n_ids = n_certs = 0;
1958 	memset(identity_files, 0, sizeof(identity_files));
1959 	memset(identity_keys, 0, sizeof(identity_keys));
1960 	memset(certificate_files, 0, sizeof(certificate_files));
1961 	memset(certificates, 0, sizeof(certificates));
1962 
1963 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1964 	if (options.pkcs11_provider != NULL &&
1965 	    options.num_identity_files < SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES &&
1966 	    (pkcs11_init(!options.batch_mode) == 0) &&
1967 	    (nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(options.pkcs11_provider, NULL,
1968 	    &keys)) > 0) {
1969 		for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1970 			if (n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES) {
1971 				key_free(keys[i]);
1972 				continue;
1973 			}
1974 			identity_keys[n_ids] = keys[i];
1975 			identity_files[n_ids] =
1976 			    xstrdup(options.pkcs11_provider); /* XXX */
1977 			n_ids++;
1978 		}
1979 		free(keys);
1980 	}
1981 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1982 	if ((pw = getpwuid(original_real_uid)) == NULL)
1983 		fatal("load_public_identity_files: getpwuid failed");
1984 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
1985 		if (n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES ||
1986 		    strcasecmp(options.identity_files[i], "none") == 0) {
1987 			free(options.identity_files[i]);
1988 			options.identity_files[i] = NULL;
1989 			continue;
1990 		}
1991 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.identity_files[i],
1992 		    original_real_uid);
1993 		filename = percent_expand(cp, "d", pw->pw_dir,
1994 		    "u", pw->pw_name, "l", thishost, "h", host,
1995 		    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
1996 		free(cp);
1997 		public = key_load_public(filename, NULL);
1998 		debug("identity file %s type %d", filename,
1999 		    public ? public->type : -1);
2000 		free(options.identity_files[i]);
2001 		identity_files[n_ids] = filename;
2002 		identity_keys[n_ids] = public;
2003 
2004 		if (++n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES)
2005 			continue;
2006 
2007 		/*
2008 		 * If no certificates have been explicitly listed then try
2009 		 * to add the default certificate variant too.
2010 		 */
2011 		if (options.num_certificate_files != 0)
2012 			continue;
2013 		xasprintf(&cp, "%s-cert", filename);
2014 		public = key_load_public(cp, NULL);
2015 		debug("identity file %s type %d", cp,
2016 		    public ? public->type : -1);
2017 		if (public == NULL) {
2018 			free(cp);
2019 			continue;
2020 		}
2021 		if (!key_is_cert(public)) {
2022 			debug("%s: key %s type %s is not a certificate",
2023 			    __func__, cp, key_type(public));
2024 			key_free(public);
2025 			free(cp);
2026 			continue;
2027 		}
2028 		/* NB. leave filename pointing to private key */
2029 		identity_files[n_ids] = xstrdup(filename);
2030 		identity_keys[n_ids] = public;
2031 		n_ids++;
2032 	}
2033 
2034 	if (options.num_certificate_files > SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES)
2035 		fatal("%s: too many certificates", __func__);
2036 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_certificate_files; i++) {
2037 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.certificate_files[i],
2038 		    original_real_uid);
2039 		filename = percent_expand(cp, "d", pw->pw_dir,
2040 		    "u", pw->pw_name, "l", thishost, "h", host,
2041 		    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
2042 		free(cp);
2043 
2044 		public = key_load_public(filename, NULL);
2045 		debug("certificate file %s type %d", filename,
2046 		    public ? public->type : -1);
2047 		free(options.certificate_files[i]);
2048 		options.certificate_files[i] = NULL;
2049 		if (public == NULL) {
2050 			free(filename);
2051 			continue;
2052 		}
2053 		if (!key_is_cert(public)) {
2054 			debug("%s: key %s type %s is not a certificate",
2055 			    __func__, filename, key_type(public));
2056 			key_free(public);
2057 			free(filename);
2058 			continue;
2059 		}
2060 		certificate_files[n_certs] = filename;
2061 		certificates[n_certs] = public;
2062 		++n_certs;
2063 	}
2064 
2065 	options.num_identity_files = n_ids;
2066 	memcpy(options.identity_files, identity_files, sizeof(identity_files));
2067 	memcpy(options.identity_keys, identity_keys, sizeof(identity_keys));
2068 
2069 	options.num_certificate_files = n_certs;
2070 	memcpy(options.certificate_files,
2071 	    certificate_files, sizeof(certificate_files));
2072 	memcpy(options.certificates, certificates, sizeof(certificates));
2073 }
2074 
2075 static void
2076 main_sigchld_handler(int sig)
2077 {
2078 	int save_errno = errno;
2079 	pid_t pid;
2080 	int status;
2081 
2082 	while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) > 0 ||
2083 	    (pid < 0 && errno == EINTR))
2084 		;
2085 
2086 	signal(sig, main_sigchld_handler);
2087 	errno = save_errno;
2088 }
2089