xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/ssh.c (revision 43003dfe3ad45d1698bed8a37f2b0f5b14f20d4f)
1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh.c,v 1.326 2009/07/02 02:11:47 dtucker Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Ssh client program.  This program can be used to log into a remote machine.
7  * The software supports strong authentication, encryption, and forwarding
8  * of X11, TCP/IP, and authentication connections.
9  *
10  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
11  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
12  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
13  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
14  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
15  *
16  * Copyright (c) 1999 Niels Provos.  All rights reserved.
17  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
18  *
19  * Modified to work with SSL by Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
20  * in Canada (German citizen).
21  *
22  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
23  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
24  * are met:
25  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
26  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
27  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
28  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
29  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
30  *
31  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
32  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
33  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
34  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
35  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
36  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
37  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
38  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
39  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
40  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
41  */
42 
43 #include <sys/types.h>
44 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
45 #include <sys/param.h>
46 #include <sys/queue.h>
47 #include <sys/resource.h>
48 #include <sys/socket.h>
49 #include <sys/stat.h>
50 #include <sys/types.h>
51 #include <sys/time.h>
52 
53 #include <ctype.h>
54 #include <errno.h>
55 #include <fcntl.h>
56 #include <netdb.h>
57 #include <paths.h>
58 #include <pwd.h>
59 #include <signal.h>
60 #include <stddef.h>
61 #include <stdio.h>
62 #include <stdlib.h>
63 #include <string.h>
64 #include <unistd.h>
65 
66 #include <openssl/evp.h>
67 #include <openssl/err.h>
68 
69 #include "xmalloc.h"
70 #include "ssh.h"
71 #include "ssh1.h"
72 #include "ssh2.h"
73 #include "compat.h"
74 #include "cipher.h"
75 #include "packet.h"
76 #include "buffer.h"
77 #include "channels.h"
78 #include "key.h"
79 #include "authfd.h"
80 #include "authfile.h"
81 #include "pathnames.h"
82 #include "dispatch.h"
83 #include "clientloop.h"
84 #include "log.h"
85 #include "readconf.h"
86 #include "sshconnect.h"
87 #include "misc.h"
88 #include "kex.h"
89 #include "mac.h"
90 #include "sshpty.h"
91 #include "match.h"
92 #include "msg.h"
93 #include "uidswap.h"
94 #include "version.h"
95 
96 #ifdef SMARTCARD
97 #include "scard.h"
98 #endif
99 
100 extern char *__progname;
101 
102 /* Flag indicating whether debug mode is on.  May be set on the command line. */
103 int debug_flag = 0;
104 
105 /* Flag indicating whether a tty should be allocated */
106 int tty_flag = 0;
107 int no_tty_flag = 0;
108 int force_tty_flag = 0;
109 
110 /* don't exec a shell */
111 int no_shell_flag = 0;
112 
113 /*
114  * Flag indicating that nothing should be read from stdin.  This can be set
115  * on the command line.
116  */
117 int stdin_null_flag = 0;
118 
119 /*
120  * Flag indicating that ssh should fork after authentication.  This is useful
121  * so that the passphrase can be entered manually, and then ssh goes to the
122  * background.
123  */
124 int fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
125 
126 /*
127  * General data structure for command line options and options configurable
128  * in configuration files.  See readconf.h.
129  */
130 Options options;
131 
132 /* optional user configfile */
133 char *config = NULL;
134 
135 /*
136  * Name of the host we are connecting to.  This is the name given on the
137  * command line, or the HostName specified for the user-supplied name in a
138  * configuration file.
139  */
140 char *host;
141 
142 /* socket address the host resolves to */
143 struct sockaddr_storage hostaddr;
144 
145 /* Private host keys. */
146 Sensitive sensitive_data;
147 
148 /* Original real UID. */
149 uid_t original_real_uid;
150 uid_t original_effective_uid;
151 
152 /* command to be executed */
153 Buffer command;
154 
155 /* Should we execute a command or invoke a subsystem? */
156 int subsystem_flag = 0;
157 
158 /* # of replies received for global requests */
159 static int remote_forward_confirms_received = 0;
160 
161 /* pid of proxycommand child process */
162 pid_t proxy_command_pid = 0;
163 
164 /* mux.c */
165 extern int muxserver_sock;
166 extern u_int muxclient_command;
167 
168 
169 /* Prints a help message to the user.  This function never returns. */
170 
171 static void
172 usage(void)
173 {
174 	fprintf(stderr,
175 "usage: ssh [-1246AaCfgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec]\n"
176 "           [-D [bind_address:]port] [-e escape_char] [-F configfile]\n"
177 "           [-i identity_file] [-L [bind_address:]port:host:hostport]\n"
178 "           [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec] [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-p port]\n"
179 "           [-R [bind_address:]port:host:hostport] [-S ctl_path]\n"
180 "           [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]] [user@]hostname [command]\n"
181 	);
182 	exit(255);
183 }
184 
185 static int ssh_session(void);
186 static int ssh_session2(void);
187 static void load_public_identity_files(void);
188 
189 /* from muxclient.c */
190 void muxclient(const char *);
191 void muxserver_listen(void);
192 
193 /*
194  * Main program for the ssh client.
195  */
196 int
197 main(int ac, char **av)
198 {
199 	int i, r, opt, exit_status, use_syslog;
200 	char *p, *cp, *line, *argv0, buf[MAXPATHLEN];
201 	struct stat st;
202 	struct passwd *pw;
203 	int dummy, timeout_ms;
204 	extern int optind, optreset;
205 	extern char *optarg;
206 	struct servent *sp;
207 	Forward fwd;
208 
209 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
210 	sanitise_stdfd();
211 
212 	/*
213 	 * Save the original real uid.  It will be needed later (uid-swapping
214 	 * may clobber the real uid).
215 	 */
216 	original_real_uid = getuid();
217 	original_effective_uid = geteuid();
218 
219 	/*
220 	 * Use uid-swapping to give up root privileges for the duration of
221 	 * option processing.  We will re-instantiate the rights when we are
222 	 * ready to create the privileged port, and will permanently drop
223 	 * them when the port has been created (actually, when the connection
224 	 * has been made, as we may need to create the port several times).
225 	 */
226 	PRIV_END;
227 
228 	/* If we are installed setuid root be careful to not drop core. */
229 	if (original_real_uid != original_effective_uid) {
230 		struct rlimit rlim;
231 		rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 0;
232 		if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim) < 0)
233 			fatal("setrlimit failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
234 	}
235 	/* Get user data. */
236 	pw = getpwuid(original_real_uid);
237 	if (!pw) {
238 		logit("You don't exist, go away!");
239 		exit(255);
240 	}
241 	/* Take a copy of the returned structure. */
242 	pw = pwcopy(pw);
243 
244 	/*
245 	 * Set our umask to something reasonable, as some files are created
246 	 * with the default umask.  This will make them world-readable but
247 	 * writable only by the owner, which is ok for all files for which we
248 	 * don't set the modes explicitly.
249 	 */
250 	umask(022);
251 
252 	/*
253 	 * Initialize option structure to indicate that no values have been
254 	 * set.
255 	 */
256 	initialize_options(&options);
257 
258 	/* Parse command-line arguments. */
259 	host = NULL;
260 	use_syslog = 0;
261 	argv0 = av[0];
262 
263  again:
264 	while ((opt = getopt(ac, av, "1246ab:c:e:fgi:kl:m:no:p:qstvx"
265 	    "ACD:F:I:KL:MNO:PR:S:TVw:XYy")) != -1) {
266 		switch (opt) {
267 		case '1':
268 			options.protocol = SSH_PROTO_1;
269 			break;
270 		case '2':
271 			options.protocol = SSH_PROTO_2;
272 			break;
273 		case '4':
274 			options.address_family = AF_INET;
275 			break;
276 		case '6':
277 			options.address_family = AF_INET6;
278 			break;
279 		case 'n':
280 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
281 			break;
282 		case 'f':
283 			fork_after_authentication_flag = 1;
284 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
285 			break;
286 		case 'x':
287 			options.forward_x11 = 0;
288 			break;
289 		case 'X':
290 			options.forward_x11 = 1;
291 			break;
292 		case 'y':
293 			use_syslog = 1;
294 			break;
295 		case 'Y':
296 			options.forward_x11 = 1;
297 			options.forward_x11_trusted = 1;
298 			break;
299 		case 'g':
300 			options.gateway_ports = 1;
301 			break;
302 		case 'O':
303 			if (strcmp(optarg, "check") == 0)
304 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_ALIVE_CHECK;
305 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "exit") == 0)
306 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_TERMINATE;
307 			else
308 				fatal("Invalid multiplex command.");
309 			break;
310 		case 'P':	/* deprecated */
311 			options.use_privileged_port = 0;
312 			break;
313 		case 'a':
314 			options.forward_agent = 0;
315 			break;
316 		case 'A':
317 			options.forward_agent = 1;
318 			break;
319 		case 'k':
320 			options.gss_deleg_creds = 0;
321 			break;
322 		case 'K':
323 			options.gss_authentication = 1;
324 			options.gss_deleg_creds = 1;
325 			break;
326 		case 'i':
327 			if (stat(optarg, &st) < 0) {
328 				fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Identity file %s "
329 				    "not accessible: %s.\n", optarg,
330 				    strerror(errno));
331 				break;
332 			}
333 			if (options.num_identity_files >=
334 			    SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES)
335 				fatal("Too many identity files specified "
336 				    "(max %d)", SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES);
337 			options.identity_files[options.num_identity_files++] =
338 			    xstrdup(optarg);
339 			break;
340 		case 'I':
341 #ifdef SMARTCARD
342 			options.smartcard_device = xstrdup(optarg);
343 #else
344 			fprintf(stderr, "no support for smartcards.\n");
345 #endif
346 			break;
347 		case 't':
348 			if (tty_flag)
349 				force_tty_flag = 1;
350 			tty_flag = 1;
351 			break;
352 		case 'v':
353 			if (debug_flag == 0) {
354 				debug_flag = 1;
355 				options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
356 			} else {
357 				if (options.log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
358 					options.log_level++;
359 				break;
360 			}
361 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
362 		case 'V':
363 			fprintf(stderr, "%s, %s\n",
364 			    SSH_VERSION, SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION));
365 			if (opt == 'V')
366 				exit(0);
367 			break;
368 		case 'w':
369 			if (options.tun_open == -1)
370 				options.tun_open = SSH_TUNMODE_DEFAULT;
371 			options.tun_local = a2tun(optarg, &options.tun_remote);
372 			if (options.tun_local == SSH_TUNID_ERR) {
373 				fprintf(stderr,
374 				    "Bad tun device '%s'\n", optarg);
375 				exit(255);
376 			}
377 			break;
378 		case 'q':
379 			options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_QUIET;
380 			break;
381 		case 'e':
382 			if (optarg[0] == '^' && optarg[2] == 0 &&
383 			    (u_char) optarg[1] >= 64 &&
384 			    (u_char) optarg[1] < 128)
385 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[1] & 31;
386 			else if (strlen(optarg) == 1)
387 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[0];
388 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "none") == 0)
389 				options.escape_char = SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE;
390 			else {
391 				fprintf(stderr, "Bad escape character '%s'.\n",
392 				    optarg);
393 				exit(255);
394 			}
395 			break;
396 		case 'c':
397 			if (ciphers_valid(optarg)) {
398 				/* SSH2 only */
399 				options.ciphers = xstrdup(optarg);
400 				options.cipher = SSH_CIPHER_INVALID;
401 			} else {
402 				/* SSH1 only */
403 				options.cipher = cipher_number(optarg);
404 				if (options.cipher == -1) {
405 					fprintf(stderr,
406 					    "Unknown cipher type '%s'\n",
407 					    optarg);
408 					exit(255);
409 				}
410 				if (options.cipher == SSH_CIPHER_3DES)
411 					options.ciphers = "3des-cbc";
412 				else if (options.cipher == SSH_CIPHER_BLOWFISH)
413 					options.ciphers = "blowfish-cbc";
414 				else
415 					options.ciphers = (char *)-1;
416 			}
417 			break;
418 		case 'm':
419 			if (mac_valid(optarg))
420 				options.macs = xstrdup(optarg);
421 			else {
422 				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown mac type '%s'\n",
423 				    optarg);
424 				exit(255);
425 			}
426 			break;
427 		case 'M':
428 			if (options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_YES)
429 				options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_ASK;
430 			else
431 				options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_YES;
432 			break;
433 		case 'p':
434 			options.port = a2port(optarg);
435 			if (options.port <= 0) {
436 				fprintf(stderr, "Bad port '%s'\n", optarg);
437 				exit(255);
438 			}
439 			break;
440 		case 'l':
441 			options.user = optarg;
442 			break;
443 
444 		case 'L':
445 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 0, 0))
446 				add_local_forward(&options, &fwd);
447 			else {
448 				fprintf(stderr,
449 				    "Bad local forwarding specification '%s'\n",
450 				    optarg);
451 				exit(255);
452 			}
453 			break;
454 
455 		case 'R':
456 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 0, 1)) {
457 				add_remote_forward(&options, &fwd);
458 			} else {
459 				fprintf(stderr,
460 				    "Bad remote forwarding specification "
461 				    "'%s'\n", optarg);
462 				exit(255);
463 			}
464 			break;
465 
466 		case 'D':
467 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 0)) {
468 				add_local_forward(&options, &fwd);
469 			} else {
470 				fprintf(stderr,
471 				    "Bad dynamic forwarding specification "
472 				    "'%s'\n", optarg);
473 				exit(255);
474 			}
475 			break;
476 
477 		case 'C':
478 			options.compression = 1;
479 			break;
480 		case 'N':
481 			no_shell_flag = 1;
482 			no_tty_flag = 1;
483 			break;
484 		case 'T':
485 			no_tty_flag = 1;
486 			break;
487 		case 'o':
488 			dummy = 1;
489 			line = xstrdup(optarg);
490 			if (process_config_line(&options, host ? host : "",
491 			    line, "command-line", 0, &dummy) != 0)
492 				exit(255);
493 			xfree(line);
494 			break;
495 		case 's':
496 			subsystem_flag = 1;
497 			break;
498 		case 'S':
499 			if (options.control_path != NULL)
500 				free(options.control_path);
501 			options.control_path = xstrdup(optarg);
502 			break;
503 		case 'b':
504 			options.bind_address = optarg;
505 			break;
506 		case 'F':
507 			config = optarg;
508 			break;
509 		default:
510 			usage();
511 		}
512 	}
513 
514 	ac -= optind;
515 	av += optind;
516 
517 	if (ac > 0 && !host && **av != '-') {
518 		if (strrchr(*av, '@')) {
519 			p = xstrdup(*av);
520 			cp = strrchr(p, '@');
521 			if (cp == NULL || cp == p)
522 				usage();
523 			options.user = p;
524 			*cp = '\0';
525 			host = ++cp;
526 		} else
527 			host = *av;
528 		if (ac > 1) {
529 			optind = optreset = 1;
530 			goto again;
531 		}
532 		ac--, av++;
533 	}
534 
535 	/* Check that we got a host name. */
536 	if (!host)
537 		usage();
538 
539 	SSLeay_add_all_algorithms();
540 	ERR_load_crypto_strings();
541 
542 	/* Initialize the command to execute on remote host. */
543 	buffer_init(&command);
544 
545 	/*
546 	 * Save the command to execute on the remote host in a buffer. There
547 	 * is no limit on the length of the command, except by the maximum
548 	 * packet size.  Also sets the tty flag if there is no command.
549 	 */
550 	if (!ac) {
551 		/* No command specified - execute shell on a tty. */
552 		tty_flag = 1;
553 		if (subsystem_flag) {
554 			fprintf(stderr,
555 			    "You must specify a subsystem to invoke.\n");
556 			usage();
557 		}
558 	} else {
559 		/* A command has been specified.  Store it into the buffer. */
560 		for (i = 0; i < ac; i++) {
561 			if (i)
562 				buffer_append(&command, " ", 1);
563 			buffer_append(&command, av[i], strlen(av[i]));
564 		}
565 	}
566 
567 	/* Cannot fork to background if no command. */
568 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag && buffer_len(&command) == 0 &&
569 	    !no_shell_flag)
570 		fatal("Cannot fork into background without a command "
571 		    "to execute.");
572 
573 	/* Allocate a tty by default if no command specified. */
574 	if (buffer_len(&command) == 0)
575 		tty_flag = 1;
576 
577 	/* Force no tty */
578 	if (no_tty_flag)
579 		tty_flag = 0;
580 	/* Do not allocate a tty if stdin is not a tty. */
581 	if ((!isatty(fileno(stdin)) || stdin_null_flag) && !force_tty_flag) {
582 		if (tty_flag)
583 			logit("Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because "
584 			    "stdin is not a terminal.");
585 		tty_flag = 0;
586 	}
587 
588 	/*
589 	 * Initialize "log" output.  Since we are the client all output
590 	 * actually goes to stderr.
591 	 */
592 	log_init(argv0,
593 	    options.log_level == -1 ? SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO : options.log_level,
594 	    SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, !use_syslog);
595 
596 	/*
597 	 * Read per-user configuration file.  Ignore the system wide config
598 	 * file if the user specifies a config file on the command line.
599 	 */
600 	if (config != NULL) {
601 		if (!read_config_file(config, host, &options, 0))
602 			fatal("Can't open user config file %.100s: "
603 			    "%.100s", config, strerror(errno));
604 	} else {
605 		r = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir,
606 		    _PATH_SSH_USER_CONFFILE);
607 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < sizeof(buf))
608 			(void)read_config_file(buf, host, &options, 1);
609 
610 		/* Read systemwide configuration file after use config. */
611 		(void)read_config_file(_PATH_HOST_CONFIG_FILE, host,
612 		    &options, 0);
613 	}
614 
615 	/* Fill configuration defaults. */
616 	fill_default_options(&options);
617 
618 	channel_set_af(options.address_family);
619 
620 	/* reinit */
621 	log_init(argv0, options.log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, !use_syslog);
622 
623 	if (options.user == NULL)
624 		options.user = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
625 
626 	/* Get default port if port has not been set. */
627 	if (options.port == 0) {
628 		sp = getservbyname(SSH_SERVICE_NAME, "tcp");
629 		options.port = sp ? ntohs(sp->s_port) : SSH_DEFAULT_PORT;
630 	}
631 
632 	if (options.local_command != NULL) {
633 		char thishost[NI_MAXHOST];
634 
635 		if (gethostname(thishost, sizeof(thishost)) == -1)
636 			fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
637 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", options.port);
638 		debug3("expanding LocalCommand: %s", options.local_command);
639 		cp = options.local_command;
640 		options.local_command = percent_expand(cp, "d", pw->pw_dir,
641 		    "h", options.hostname? options.hostname : host,
642                     "l", thishost, "n", host, "r", options.user, "p", buf,
643                     "u", pw->pw_name, (char *)NULL);
644 		debug3("expanded LocalCommand: %s", options.local_command);
645 		xfree(cp);
646 	}
647 
648 	if (options.hostname != NULL)
649 		host = options.hostname;
650 
651 	/* force lowercase for hostkey matching */
652 	if (options.host_key_alias != NULL) {
653 		for (p = options.host_key_alias; *p; p++)
654 			if (isupper(*p))
655 				*p = (char)tolower(*p);
656 	}
657 
658 	if (options.proxy_command != NULL &&
659 	    strcmp(options.proxy_command, "none") == 0) {
660 		xfree(options.proxy_command);
661 		options.proxy_command = NULL;
662 	}
663 	if (options.control_path != NULL &&
664 	    strcmp(options.control_path, "none") == 0) {
665 		xfree(options.control_path);
666 		options.control_path = NULL;
667 	}
668 
669 	if (options.control_path != NULL) {
670 		char thishost[NI_MAXHOST];
671 
672 		if (gethostname(thishost, sizeof(thishost)) == -1)
673 			fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
674 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", options.port);
675 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.control_path,
676 		    original_real_uid);
677 		xfree(options.control_path);
678 		options.control_path = percent_expand(cp, "p", buf, "h", host,
679 		    "r", options.user, "l", thishost, (char *)NULL);
680 		xfree(cp);
681 	}
682 	if (muxclient_command != 0 && options.control_path == NULL)
683 		fatal("No ControlPath specified for \"-O\" command");
684 	if (options.control_path != NULL)
685 		muxclient(options.control_path);
686 
687 	timeout_ms = options.connection_timeout * 1000;
688 
689 	/* Open a connection to the remote host. */
690 	if (ssh_connect(host, &hostaddr, options.port,
691 	    options.address_family, options.connection_attempts, &timeout_ms,
692 	    options.tcp_keep_alive,
693 	    original_effective_uid == 0 && options.use_privileged_port,
694 	    options.proxy_command) != 0)
695 		exit(255);
696 
697 	if (timeout_ms > 0)
698 		debug3("timeout: %d ms remain after connect", timeout_ms);
699 
700 	/*
701 	 * If we successfully made the connection, load the host private key
702 	 * in case we will need it later for combined rsa-rhosts
703 	 * authentication. This must be done before releasing extra
704 	 * privileges, because the file is only readable by root.
705 	 * If we cannot access the private keys, load the public keys
706 	 * instead and try to execute the ssh-keysign helper instead.
707 	 */
708 	sensitive_data.nkeys = 0;
709 	sensitive_data.keys = NULL;
710 	sensitive_data.external_keysign = 0;
711 	if (options.rhosts_rsa_authentication ||
712 	    options.hostbased_authentication) {
713 		sensitive_data.nkeys = 3;
714 		sensitive_data.keys = xcalloc(sensitive_data.nkeys,
715 		    sizeof(Key));
716 
717 		PRIV_START;
718 		sensitive_data.keys[0] = key_load_private_type(KEY_RSA1,
719 		    _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
720 		sensitive_data.keys[1] = key_load_private_type(KEY_DSA,
721 		    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
722 		sensitive_data.keys[2] = key_load_private_type(KEY_RSA,
723 		    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
724 		PRIV_END;
725 
726 		if (options.hostbased_authentication == 1 &&
727 		    sensitive_data.keys[0] == NULL &&
728 		    sensitive_data.keys[1] == NULL &&
729 		    sensitive_data.keys[2] == NULL) {
730 			sensitive_data.keys[1] = key_load_public(
731 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
732 			sensitive_data.keys[2] = key_load_public(
733 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
734 			sensitive_data.external_keysign = 1;
735 		}
736 	}
737 	/*
738 	 * Get rid of any extra privileges that we may have.  We will no
739 	 * longer need them.  Also, extra privileges could make it very hard
740 	 * to read identity files and other non-world-readable files from the
741 	 * user's home directory if it happens to be on a NFS volume where
742 	 * root is mapped to nobody.
743 	 */
744 	if (original_effective_uid == 0) {
745 		PRIV_START;
746 		permanently_set_uid(pw);
747 	}
748 
749 	/*
750 	 * Now that we are back to our own permissions, create ~/.ssh
751 	 * directory if it doesn't already exist.
752 	 */
753 	r = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir,
754 	    strcmp(pw->pw_dir, "/") ? "/" : "", _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
755 	if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < sizeof(buf) && stat(buf, &st) < 0)
756 		if (mkdir(buf, 0700) < 0)
757 			error("Could not create directory '%.200s'.", buf);
758 
759 	/* load options.identity_files */
760 	load_public_identity_files();
761 
762 	/* Expand ~ in known host file names. */
763 	/* XXX mem-leaks: */
764 	options.system_hostfile =
765 	    tilde_expand_filename(options.system_hostfile, original_real_uid);
766 	options.user_hostfile =
767 	    tilde_expand_filename(options.user_hostfile, original_real_uid);
768 	options.system_hostfile2 =
769 	    tilde_expand_filename(options.system_hostfile2, original_real_uid);
770 	options.user_hostfile2 =
771 	    tilde_expand_filename(options.user_hostfile2, original_real_uid);
772 
773 	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); /* ignore SIGPIPE early */
774 
775 	/* Log into the remote system.  Never returns if the login fails. */
776 	ssh_login(&sensitive_data, host, (struct sockaddr *)&hostaddr,
777 	    pw, timeout_ms);
778 
779 	/* We no longer need the private host keys.  Clear them now. */
780 	if (sensitive_data.nkeys != 0) {
781 		for (i = 0; i < sensitive_data.nkeys; i++) {
782 			if (sensitive_data.keys[i] != NULL) {
783 				/* Destroys contents safely */
784 				debug3("clear hostkey %d", i);
785 				key_free(sensitive_data.keys[i]);
786 				sensitive_data.keys[i] = NULL;
787 			}
788 		}
789 		xfree(sensitive_data.keys);
790 	}
791 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
792 		if (options.identity_files[i]) {
793 			xfree(options.identity_files[i]);
794 			options.identity_files[i] = NULL;
795 		}
796 		if (options.identity_keys[i]) {
797 			key_free(options.identity_keys[i]);
798 			options.identity_keys[i] = NULL;
799 		}
800 	}
801 
802 	exit_status = compat20 ? ssh_session2() : ssh_session();
803 	packet_close();
804 
805 	if (options.control_path != NULL && muxserver_sock != -1)
806 		unlink(options.control_path);
807 
808 	/*
809 	 * Send SIGHUP to proxy command if used. We don't wait() in
810 	 * case it hangs and instead rely on init to reap the child
811 	 */
812 	if (proxy_command_pid > 1)
813 		kill(proxy_command_pid, SIGHUP);
814 
815 	return exit_status;
816 }
817 
818 /* Callback for remote forward global requests */
819 static void
820 ssh_confirm_remote_forward(int type, u_int32_t seq, void *ctxt)
821 {
822 	Forward *rfwd = (Forward *)ctxt;
823 
824 	/* XXX verbose() on failure? */
825 	debug("remote forward %s for: listen %d, connect %s:%d",
826 	    type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS ? "success" : "failure",
827 	    rfwd->listen_port, rfwd->connect_host, rfwd->connect_port);
828 	if (type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS && rfwd->listen_port == 0) {
829 		logit("Allocated port %u for remote forward to %s:%d",
830 			packet_get_int(),
831 			rfwd->connect_host, rfwd->connect_port);
832 	}
833 
834 	if (type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE) {
835 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure)
836 			fatal("Error: remote port forwarding failed for "
837 			    "listen port %d", rfwd->listen_port);
838 		else
839 			logit("Warning: remote port forwarding failed for "
840 			    "listen port %d", rfwd->listen_port);
841 	}
842 	if (++remote_forward_confirms_received == options.num_remote_forwards) {
843 		debug("All remote forwarding requests processed");
844 		if (fork_after_authentication_flag) {
845 			fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
846 			if (daemon(1, 1) < 0)
847 				fatal("daemon() failed: %.200s",
848 				    strerror(errno));
849 		}
850 	}
851 }
852 
853 static void
854 ssh_init_forwarding(void)
855 {
856 	int success = 0;
857 	int i;
858 
859 	/* Initiate local TCP/IP port forwardings. */
860 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_local_forwards; i++) {
861 		debug("Local connections to %.200s:%d forwarded to remote "
862 		    "address %.200s:%d",
863 		    (options.local_forwards[i].listen_host == NULL) ?
864 		    (options.gateway_ports ? "*" : "LOCALHOST") :
865 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_host,
866 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_port,
867 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_host,
868 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_port);
869 		success += channel_setup_local_fwd_listener(
870 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_host,
871 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_port,
872 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_host,
873 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_port,
874 		    options.gateway_ports);
875 	}
876 	if (i > 0 && success != i && options.exit_on_forward_failure)
877 		fatal("Could not request local forwarding.");
878 	if (i > 0 && success == 0)
879 		error("Could not request local forwarding.");
880 
881 	/* Initiate remote TCP/IP port forwardings. */
882 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_remote_forwards; i++) {
883 		debug("Remote connections from %.200s:%d forwarded to "
884 		    "local address %.200s:%d",
885 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].listen_host == NULL) ?
886 		    "LOCALHOST" : options.remote_forwards[i].listen_host,
887 		    options.remote_forwards[i].listen_port,
888 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_host,
889 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_port);
890 		if (channel_request_remote_forwarding(
891 		    options.remote_forwards[i].listen_host,
892 		    options.remote_forwards[i].listen_port,
893 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_host,
894 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_port) < 0) {
895 			if (options.exit_on_forward_failure)
896 				fatal("Could not request remote forwarding.");
897 			else
898 				logit("Warning: Could not request remote "
899 				    "forwarding.");
900 		}
901 		client_register_global_confirm(ssh_confirm_remote_forward,
902 		    &options.remote_forwards[i]);
903 	}
904 
905 	/* Initiate tunnel forwarding. */
906 	if (options.tun_open != SSH_TUNMODE_NO) {
907 		if (client_request_tun_fwd(options.tun_open,
908 		    options.tun_local, options.tun_remote) == -1) {
909 			if (options.exit_on_forward_failure)
910 				fatal("Could not request tunnel forwarding.");
911 			else
912 				error("Could not request tunnel forwarding.");
913 		}
914 	}
915 }
916 
917 static void
918 check_agent_present(void)
919 {
920 	if (options.forward_agent) {
921 		/* Clear agent forwarding if we don't have an agent. */
922 		if (!ssh_agent_present())
923 			options.forward_agent = 0;
924 	}
925 }
926 
927 static int
928 ssh_session(void)
929 {
930 	int type;
931 	int interactive = 0;
932 	int have_tty = 0;
933 	struct winsize ws;
934 	char *cp;
935 	const char *display;
936 
937 	/* Enable compression if requested. */
938 	if (options.compression) {
939 		debug("Requesting compression at level %d.",
940 		    options.compression_level);
941 
942 		if (options.compression_level < 1 ||
943 		    options.compression_level > 9)
944 			fatal("Compression level must be from 1 (fast) to "
945 			    "9 (slow, best).");
946 
947 		/* Send the request. */
948 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_REQUEST_COMPRESSION);
949 		packet_put_int(options.compression_level);
950 		packet_send();
951 		packet_write_wait();
952 		type = packet_read();
953 		if (type == SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS)
954 			packet_start_compression(options.compression_level);
955 		else if (type == SSH_SMSG_FAILURE)
956 			logit("Warning: Remote host refused compression.");
957 		else
958 			packet_disconnect("Protocol error waiting for "
959 			    "compression response.");
960 	}
961 	/* Allocate a pseudo tty if appropriate. */
962 	if (tty_flag) {
963 		debug("Requesting pty.");
964 
965 		/* Start the packet. */
966 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_REQUEST_PTY);
967 
968 		/* Store TERM in the packet.  There is no limit on the
969 		   length of the string. */
970 		cp = getenv("TERM");
971 		if (!cp)
972 			cp = "";
973 		packet_put_cstring(cp);
974 
975 		/* Store window size in the packet. */
976 		if (ioctl(fileno(stdin), TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
977 			memset(&ws, 0, sizeof(ws));
978 		packet_put_int((u_int)ws.ws_row);
979 		packet_put_int((u_int)ws.ws_col);
980 		packet_put_int((u_int)ws.ws_xpixel);
981 		packet_put_int((u_int)ws.ws_ypixel);
982 
983 		/* Store tty modes in the packet. */
984 		tty_make_modes(fileno(stdin), NULL);
985 
986 		/* Send the packet, and wait for it to leave. */
987 		packet_send();
988 		packet_write_wait();
989 
990 		/* Read response from the server. */
991 		type = packet_read();
992 		if (type == SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
993 			interactive = 1;
994 			have_tty = 1;
995 		} else if (type == SSH_SMSG_FAILURE)
996 			logit("Warning: Remote host failed or refused to "
997 			    "allocate a pseudo tty.");
998 		else
999 			packet_disconnect("Protocol error waiting for pty "
1000 			    "request response.");
1001 	}
1002 	/* Request X11 forwarding if enabled and DISPLAY is set. */
1003 	display = getenv("DISPLAY");
1004 	if (options.forward_x11 && display != NULL) {
1005 		char *proto, *data;
1006 		/* Get reasonable local authentication information. */
1007 		client_x11_get_proto(display, options.xauth_location,
1008 		    options.forward_x11_trusted, &proto, &data);
1009 		/* Request forwarding with authentication spoofing. */
1010 		debug("Requesting X11 forwarding with authentication "
1011 		    "spoofing.");
1012 		x11_request_forwarding_with_spoofing(0, display, proto, data);
1013 
1014 		/* Read response from the server. */
1015 		type = packet_read();
1016 		if (type == SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
1017 			interactive = 1;
1018 		} else if (type == SSH_SMSG_FAILURE) {
1019 			logit("Warning: Remote host denied X11 forwarding.");
1020 		} else {
1021 			packet_disconnect("Protocol error waiting for X11 "
1022 			    "forwarding");
1023 		}
1024 	}
1025 	/* Tell the packet module whether this is an interactive session. */
1026 	packet_set_interactive(interactive);
1027 
1028 	/* Request authentication agent forwarding if appropriate. */
1029 	check_agent_present();
1030 
1031 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1032 		debug("Requesting authentication agent forwarding.");
1033 		auth_request_forwarding();
1034 
1035 		/* Read response from the server. */
1036 		type = packet_read();
1037 		packet_check_eom();
1038 		if (type != SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS)
1039 			logit("Warning: Remote host denied authentication agent forwarding.");
1040 	}
1041 
1042 	/* Initiate port forwardings. */
1043 	ssh_init_forwarding();
1044 
1045 	/* Execute a local command */
1046 	if (options.local_command != NULL &&
1047 	    options.permit_local_command)
1048 		ssh_local_cmd(options.local_command);
1049 
1050 	/*
1051 	 * If requested and we are not interested in replies to remote
1052 	 * forwarding requests, then let ssh continue in the background.
1053 	 */
1054 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag &&
1055 	    (!options.exit_on_forward_failure ||
1056 	    options.num_remote_forwards == 0)) {
1057 		fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
1058 		if (daemon(1, 1) < 0)
1059 			fatal("daemon() failed: %.200s", strerror(errno));
1060 	}
1061 
1062 	/*
1063 	 * If a command was specified on the command line, execute the
1064 	 * command now. Otherwise request the server to start a shell.
1065 	 */
1066 	if (buffer_len(&command) > 0) {
1067 		int len = buffer_len(&command);
1068 		if (len > 900)
1069 			len = 900;
1070 		debug("Sending command: %.*s", len,
1071 		    (u_char *)buffer_ptr(&command));
1072 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_EXEC_CMD);
1073 		packet_put_string(buffer_ptr(&command), buffer_len(&command));
1074 		packet_send();
1075 		packet_write_wait();
1076 	} else {
1077 		debug("Requesting shell.");
1078 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_EXEC_SHELL);
1079 		packet_send();
1080 		packet_write_wait();
1081 	}
1082 
1083 	/* Enter the interactive session. */
1084 	return client_loop(have_tty, tty_flag ?
1085 	    options.escape_char : SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE, 0);
1086 }
1087 
1088 /* request pty/x11/agent/tcpfwd/shell for channel */
1089 static void
1090 ssh_session2_setup(int id, void *arg)
1091 {
1092 	extern char **environ;
1093 	const char *display;
1094 	int interactive = tty_flag;
1095 
1096 	display = getenv("DISPLAY");
1097 	if (options.forward_x11 && display != NULL) {
1098 		char *proto, *data;
1099 		/* Get reasonable local authentication information. */
1100 		client_x11_get_proto(display, options.xauth_location,
1101 		    options.forward_x11_trusted, &proto, &data);
1102 		/* Request forwarding with authentication spoofing. */
1103 		debug("Requesting X11 forwarding with authentication "
1104 		    "spoofing.");
1105 		x11_request_forwarding_with_spoofing(id, display, proto, data);
1106 		interactive = 1;
1107 		/* XXX wait for reply */
1108 	}
1109 
1110 	check_agent_present();
1111 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1112 		debug("Requesting authentication agent forwarding.");
1113 		channel_request_start(id, "auth-agent-req@openssh.com", 0);
1114 		packet_send();
1115 	}
1116 
1117 	client_session2_setup(id, tty_flag, subsystem_flag, getenv("TERM"),
1118 	    NULL, fileno(stdin), &command, environ);
1119 
1120 	packet_set_interactive(interactive);
1121 }
1122 
1123 /* open new channel for a session */
1124 static int
1125 ssh_session2_open(void)
1126 {
1127 	Channel *c;
1128 	int window, packetmax, in, out, err;
1129 
1130 	if (stdin_null_flag) {
1131 		in = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY);
1132 	} else {
1133 		in = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
1134 	}
1135 	out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO);
1136 	err = dup(STDERR_FILENO);
1137 
1138 	if (in < 0 || out < 0 || err < 0)
1139 		fatal("dup() in/out/err failed");
1140 
1141 	/* enable nonblocking unless tty */
1142 	if (!isatty(in))
1143 		set_nonblock(in);
1144 	if (!isatty(out))
1145 		set_nonblock(out);
1146 	if (!isatty(err))
1147 		set_nonblock(err);
1148 
1149 	window = CHAN_SES_WINDOW_DEFAULT;
1150 	packetmax = CHAN_SES_PACKET_DEFAULT;
1151 	if (tty_flag) {
1152 		window >>= 1;
1153 		packetmax >>= 1;
1154 	}
1155 	c = channel_new(
1156 	    "session", SSH_CHANNEL_OPENING, in, out, err,
1157 	    window, packetmax, CHAN_EXTENDED_WRITE,
1158 	    "client-session", /*nonblock*/0);
1159 
1160 	debug3("ssh_session2_open: channel_new: %d", c->self);
1161 
1162 	channel_send_open(c->self);
1163 	if (!no_shell_flag)
1164 		channel_register_open_confirm(c->self,
1165 		    ssh_session2_setup, NULL);
1166 
1167 	return c->self;
1168 }
1169 
1170 static int
1171 ssh_session2(void)
1172 {
1173 	int id = -1;
1174 
1175 	/* XXX should be pre-session */
1176 	ssh_init_forwarding();
1177 
1178 	if (!no_shell_flag || (datafellows & SSH_BUG_DUMMYCHAN))
1179 		id = ssh_session2_open();
1180 
1181 	/* If we don't expect to open a new session, then disallow it */
1182 	if (options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_NO &&
1183 	    (datafellows & SSH_NEW_OPENSSH)) {
1184 		debug("Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com");
1185 		packet_start(SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST);
1186 		packet_put_cstring("no-more-sessions@openssh.com");
1187 		packet_put_char(0);
1188 		packet_send();
1189 	}
1190 
1191 	/* Execute a local command */
1192 	if (options.local_command != NULL &&
1193 	    options.permit_local_command)
1194 		ssh_local_cmd(options.local_command);
1195 
1196 	/* Start listening for multiplex clients */
1197 	muxserver_listen();
1198 
1199 	/* If requested, let ssh continue in the background. */
1200 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag) {
1201 		fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
1202 		if (daemon(1, 1) < 0)
1203 			fatal("daemon() failed: %.200s", strerror(errno));
1204 	}
1205 
1206 	return client_loop(tty_flag, tty_flag ?
1207 	    options.escape_char : SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE, id);
1208 }
1209 
1210 static void
1211 load_public_identity_files(void)
1212 {
1213 	char *filename, *cp, thishost[NI_MAXHOST];
1214 	char *pwdir = NULL, *pwname = NULL;
1215 	int i = 0;
1216 	Key *public;
1217 	struct passwd *pw;
1218 #ifdef SMARTCARD
1219 	Key **keys;
1220 
1221 	if (options.smartcard_device != NULL &&
1222 	    options.num_identity_files < SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES &&
1223 	    (keys = sc_get_keys(options.smartcard_device, NULL)) != NULL) {
1224 		int count = 0;
1225 		for (i = 0; keys[i] != NULL; i++) {
1226 			count++;
1227 			memmove(&options.identity_files[1],
1228 			    &options.identity_files[0],
1229 			    sizeof(char *) * (SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES - 1));
1230 			memmove(&options.identity_keys[1],
1231 			    &options.identity_keys[0],
1232 			    sizeof(Key *) * (SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES - 1));
1233 			options.num_identity_files++;
1234 			options.identity_keys[0] = keys[i];
1235 			options.identity_files[0] = sc_get_key_label(keys[i]);
1236 		}
1237 		if (options.num_identity_files > SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES)
1238 			options.num_identity_files = SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES;
1239 		i = count;
1240 		xfree(keys);
1241 	}
1242 #endif /* SMARTCARD */
1243 	if ((pw = getpwuid(original_real_uid)) == NULL)
1244 		fatal("load_public_identity_files: getpwuid failed");
1245 	pwname = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
1246 	pwdir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
1247 	if (gethostname(thishost, sizeof(thishost)) == -1)
1248 		fatal("load_public_identity_files: gethostname: %s",
1249 		    strerror(errno));
1250 	for (; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
1251 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.identity_files[i],
1252 		    original_real_uid);
1253 		filename = percent_expand(cp, "d", pwdir,
1254 		    "u", pwname, "l", thishost, "h", host,
1255 		    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
1256 		xfree(cp);
1257 		public = key_load_public(filename, NULL);
1258 		debug("identity file %s type %d", filename,
1259 		    public ? public->type : -1);
1260 		xfree(options.identity_files[i]);
1261 		options.identity_files[i] = filename;
1262 		options.identity_keys[i] = public;
1263 	}
1264 	bzero(pwname, strlen(pwname));
1265 	xfree(pwname);
1266 	bzero(pwdir, strlen(pwdir));
1267 	xfree(pwdir);
1268 }
1269