xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/ssh.c (revision 2777ee89d0e541ec819d05abee114837837abbec)
1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh.c,v 1.440 2016/05/04 14:29:58 markus Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Ssh client program.  This program can be used to log into a remote machine.
7  * The software supports strong authentication, encryption, and forwarding
8  * of X11, TCP/IP, and authentication connections.
9  *
10  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
11  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
12  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
13  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
14  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
15  *
16  * Copyright (c) 1999 Niels Provos.  All rights reserved.
17  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
18  *
19  * Modified to work with SSL by Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
20  * in Canada (German citizen).
21  *
22  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
23  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
24  * are met:
25  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
26  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
27  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
28  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
29  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
30  *
31  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
32  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
33  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
34  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
35  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
36  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
37  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
38  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
39  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
40  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
41  */
42 
43 #include <sys/types.h>
44 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
45 #include <sys/queue.h>
46 #include <sys/resource.h>
47 #include <sys/socket.h>
48 #include <sys/stat.h>
49 #include <sys/time.h>
50 #include <sys/wait.h>
51 
52 #include <ctype.h>
53 #include <errno.h>
54 #include <fcntl.h>
55 #include <netdb.h>
56 #include <paths.h>
57 #include <pwd.h>
58 #include <signal.h>
59 #include <stddef.h>
60 #include <stdio.h>
61 #include <stdlib.h>
62 #include <string.h>
63 #include <unistd.h>
64 #include <limits.h>
65 
66 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
67 #include <openssl/evp.h>
68 #include <openssl/err.h>
69 #endif
70 
71 #include "xmalloc.h"
72 #include "ssh.h"
73 #include "ssh1.h"
74 #include "ssh2.h"
75 #include "canohost.h"
76 #include "compat.h"
77 #include "cipher.h"
78 #include "digest.h"
79 #include "packet.h"
80 #include "buffer.h"
81 #include "channels.h"
82 #include "key.h"
83 #include "authfd.h"
84 #include "authfile.h"
85 #include "pathnames.h"
86 #include "dispatch.h"
87 #include "clientloop.h"
88 #include "log.h"
89 #include "misc.h"
90 #include "readconf.h"
91 #include "sshconnect.h"
92 #include "kex.h"
93 #include "mac.h"
94 #include "sshpty.h"
95 #include "match.h"
96 #include "msg.h"
97 #include "uidswap.h"
98 #include "version.h"
99 #include "ssherr.h"
100 #include "myproposal.h"
101 
102 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
103 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
104 #endif
105 
106 extern char *__progname;
107 
108 /* Flag indicating whether debug mode is on.  May be set on the command line. */
109 int debug_flag = 0;
110 
111 /* Flag indicating whether a tty should be requested */
112 int tty_flag = 0;
113 
114 /* don't exec a shell */
115 int no_shell_flag = 0;
116 
117 /*
118  * Flag indicating that nothing should be read from stdin.  This can be set
119  * on the command line.
120  */
121 int stdin_null_flag = 0;
122 
123 /*
124  * Flag indicating that the current process should be backgrounded and
125  * a new slave launched in the foreground for ControlPersist.
126  */
127 int need_controlpersist_detach = 0;
128 
129 /* Copies of flags for ControlPersist foreground slave */
130 int ostdin_null_flag, ono_shell_flag, otty_flag, orequest_tty;
131 
132 /*
133  * Flag indicating that ssh should fork after authentication.  This is useful
134  * so that the passphrase can be entered manually, and then ssh goes to the
135  * background.
136  */
137 int fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
138 
139 /* forward stdio to remote host and port */
140 char *stdio_forward_host = NULL;
141 int stdio_forward_port = 0;
142 
143 /*
144  * General data structure for command line options and options configurable
145  * in configuration files.  See readconf.h.
146  */
147 Options options;
148 
149 /* optional user configfile */
150 char *config = NULL;
151 
152 /*
153  * Name of the host we are connecting to.  This is the name given on the
154  * command line, or the HostName specified for the user-supplied name in a
155  * configuration file.
156  */
157 char *host;
158 
159 /* socket address the host resolves to */
160 struct sockaddr_storage hostaddr;
161 
162 /* Private host keys. */
163 Sensitive sensitive_data;
164 
165 /* Original real UID. */
166 uid_t original_real_uid;
167 uid_t original_effective_uid;
168 
169 /* command to be executed */
170 Buffer command;
171 
172 /* Should we execute a command or invoke a subsystem? */
173 int subsystem_flag = 0;
174 
175 /* # of replies received for global requests */
176 static int remote_forward_confirms_received = 0;
177 
178 /* mux.c */
179 extern int muxserver_sock;
180 extern u_int muxclient_command;
181 
182 /* Prints a help message to the user.  This function never returns. */
183 
184 static void
185 usage(void)
186 {
187 	fprintf(stderr,
188 "usage: ssh [-1246AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec]\n"
189 "           [-D [bind_address:]port] [-E log_file] [-e escape_char]\n"
190 "           [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11] [-i identity_file] [-L address]\n"
191 "           [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec] [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-p port]\n"
192 "           [-Q query_option] [-R address] [-S ctl_path] [-W host:port]\n"
193 "           [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]] [user@]hostname [command]\n"
194 	);
195 	exit(255);
196 }
197 
198 static int ssh_session(void);
199 static int ssh_session2(void);
200 static void load_public_identity_files(void);
201 static void main_sigchld_handler(int);
202 
203 /* from muxclient.c */
204 void muxclient(const char *);
205 void muxserver_listen(void);
206 
207 /* ~/ expand a list of paths. NB. assumes path[n] is heap-allocated. */
208 static void
209 tilde_expand_paths(char **paths, u_int num_paths)
210 {
211 	u_int i;
212 	char *cp;
213 
214 	for (i = 0; i < num_paths; i++) {
215 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(paths[i], original_real_uid);
216 		free(paths[i]);
217 		paths[i] = cp;
218 	}
219 }
220 
221 /*
222  * Attempt to resolve a host name / port to a set of addresses and
223  * optionally return any CNAMEs encountered along the way.
224  * Returns NULL on failure.
225  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
226  */
227 static struct addrinfo *
228 resolve_host(const char *name, int port, int logerr, char *cname, size_t clen)
229 {
230 	char strport[NI_MAXSERV];
231 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
232 	int gaierr, loglevel = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
233 
234 	if (port <= 0)
235 		port = default_ssh_port();
236 
237 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%d", port);
238 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
239 	hints.ai_family = options.address_family == -1 ?
240 	    AF_UNSPEC : options.address_family;
241 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
242 	if (cname != NULL)
243 		hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
244 	if ((gaierr = getaddrinfo(name, strport, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
245 		if (logerr || (gaierr != EAI_NONAME && gaierr != EAI_NODATA))
246 			loglevel = SYSLOG_LEVEL_ERROR;
247 		do_log2(loglevel, "%s: Could not resolve hostname %.100s: %s",
248 		    __progname, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
249 		return NULL;
250 	}
251 	if (cname != NULL && res->ai_canonname != NULL) {
252 		if (strlcpy(cname, res->ai_canonname, clen) >= clen) {
253 			error("%s: host \"%s\" cname \"%s\" too long (max %lu)",
254 			    __func__, name,  res->ai_canonname, (u_long)clen);
255 			if (clen > 0)
256 				*cname = '\0';
257 		}
258 	}
259 	return res;
260 }
261 
262 /*
263  * Attempt to resolve a numeric host address / port to a single address.
264  * Returns a canonical address string.
265  * Returns NULL on failure.
266  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
267  */
268 static struct addrinfo *
269 resolve_addr(const char *name, int port, char *caddr, size_t clen)
270 {
271 	char addr[NI_MAXHOST], strport[NI_MAXSERV];
272 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
273 	int gaierr;
274 
275 	if (port <= 0)
276 		port = default_ssh_port();
277 	snprintf(strport, sizeof strport, "%u", port);
278 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
279 	hints.ai_family = options.address_family == -1 ?
280 	    AF_UNSPEC : options.address_family;
281 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
282 	hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST|AI_NUMERICSERV;
283 	if ((gaierr = getaddrinfo(name, strport, &hints, &res)) != 0) {
284 		debug2("%s: could not resolve name %.100s as address: %s",
285 		    __func__, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
286 		return NULL;
287 	}
288 	if (res == NULL) {
289 		debug("%s: getaddrinfo %.100s returned no addresses",
290 		 __func__, name);
291 		return NULL;
292 	}
293 	if (res->ai_next != NULL) {
294 		debug("%s: getaddrinfo %.100s returned multiple addresses",
295 		    __func__, name);
296 		goto fail;
297 	}
298 	if ((gaierr = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
299 	    addr, sizeof(addr), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) != 0) {
300 		debug("%s: Could not format address for name %.100s: %s",
301 		    __func__, name, ssh_gai_strerror(gaierr));
302 		goto fail;
303 	}
304 	if (strlcpy(caddr, addr, clen) >= clen) {
305 		error("%s: host \"%s\" addr \"%s\" too long (max %lu)",
306 		    __func__, name,  addr, (u_long)clen);
307 		if (clen > 0)
308 			*caddr = '\0';
309  fail:
310 		freeaddrinfo(res);
311 		return NULL;
312 	}
313 	return res;
314 }
315 
316 /*
317  * Check whether the cname is a permitted replacement for the hostname
318  * and perform the replacement if it is.
319  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
320  */
321 static int
322 check_follow_cname(char **namep, const char *cname)
323 {
324 	int i;
325 	struct allowed_cname *rule;
326 
327 	if (*cname == '\0' || options.num_permitted_cnames == 0 ||
328 	    strcmp(*namep, cname) == 0)
329 		return 0;
330 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_NO)
331 		return 0;
332 	/*
333 	 * Don't attempt to canonicalize names that will be interpreted by
334 	 * a proxy unless the user specifically requests so.
335 	 */
336 	if (!option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command) &&
337 	    options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)
338 		return 0;
339 	debug3("%s: check \"%s\" CNAME \"%s\"", __func__, *namep, cname);
340 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_permitted_cnames; i++) {
341 		rule = options.permitted_cnames + i;
342 		if (match_pattern_list(*namep, rule->source_list, 1) != 1 ||
343 		    match_pattern_list(cname, rule->target_list, 1) != 1)
344 			continue;
345 		verbose("Canonicalized DNS aliased hostname "
346 		    "\"%s\" => \"%s\"", *namep, cname);
347 		free(*namep);
348 		*namep = xstrdup(cname);
349 		return 1;
350 	}
351 	return 0;
352 }
353 
354 /*
355  * Attempt to resolve the supplied hostname after applying the user's
356  * canonicalization rules. Returns the address list for the host or NULL
357  * if no name was found after canonicalization.
358  * NB. this function must operate with a options having undefined members.
359  */
360 static struct addrinfo *
361 resolve_canonicalize(char **hostp, int port)
362 {
363 	int i, ndots;
364 	char *cp, *fullhost, newname[NI_MAXHOST];
365 	struct addrinfo *addrs;
366 
367 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_NO)
368 		return NULL;
369 
370 	/*
371 	 * Don't attempt to canonicalize names that will be interpreted by
372 	 * a proxy unless the user specifically requests so.
373 	 */
374 	if (!option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command) &&
375 	    options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)
376 		return NULL;
377 
378 	/* Try numeric hostnames first */
379 	if ((addrs = resolve_addr(*hostp, port,
380 	    newname, sizeof(newname))) != NULL) {
381 		debug2("%s: hostname %.100s is address", __func__, *hostp);
382 		if (strcasecmp(*hostp, newname) != 0) {
383 			debug2("%s: canonicalised address \"%s\" => \"%s\"",
384 			    __func__, *hostp, newname);
385 			free(*hostp);
386 			*hostp = xstrdup(newname);
387 		}
388 		return addrs;
389 	}
390 
391 	/* If domain name is anchored, then resolve it now */
392 	if ((*hostp)[strlen(*hostp) - 1] == '.') {
393 		debug3("%s: name is fully qualified", __func__);
394 		fullhost = xstrdup(*hostp);
395 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(fullhost, port, 0,
396 		    newname, sizeof(newname))) != NULL)
397 			goto found;
398 		free(fullhost);
399 		goto notfound;
400 	}
401 
402 	/* Don't apply canonicalization to sufficiently-qualified hostnames */
403 	ndots = 0;
404 	for (cp = *hostp; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
405 		if (*cp == '.')
406 			ndots++;
407 	}
408 	if (ndots > options.canonicalize_max_dots) {
409 		debug3("%s: not canonicalizing hostname \"%s\" (max dots %d)",
410 		    __func__, *hostp, options.canonicalize_max_dots);
411 		return NULL;
412 	}
413 	/* Attempt each supplied suffix */
414 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_canonical_domains; i++) {
415 		*newname = '\0';
416 		xasprintf(&fullhost, "%s.%s.", *hostp,
417 		    options.canonical_domains[i]);
418 		debug3("%s: attempting \"%s\" => \"%s\"", __func__,
419 		    *hostp, fullhost);
420 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(fullhost, port, 0,
421 		    newname, sizeof(newname))) == NULL) {
422 			free(fullhost);
423 			continue;
424 		}
425  found:
426 		/* Remove trailing '.' */
427 		fullhost[strlen(fullhost) - 1] = '\0';
428 		/* Follow CNAME if requested */
429 		if (!check_follow_cname(&fullhost, newname)) {
430 			debug("Canonicalized hostname \"%s\" => \"%s\"",
431 			    *hostp, fullhost);
432 		}
433 		free(*hostp);
434 		*hostp = fullhost;
435 		return addrs;
436 	}
437  notfound:
438 	if (!options.canonicalize_fallback_local)
439 		fatal("%s: Could not resolve host \"%s\"", __progname, *hostp);
440 	debug2("%s: host %s not found in any suffix", __func__, *hostp);
441 	return NULL;
442 }
443 
444 /*
445  * Read per-user configuration file.  Ignore the system wide config
446  * file if the user specifies a config file on the command line.
447  */
448 static void
449 process_config_files(const char *host_arg, struct passwd *pw, int post_canon)
450 {
451 	char buf[PATH_MAX];
452 	int r;
453 
454 	if (config != NULL) {
455 		if (strcasecmp(config, "none") != 0 &&
456 		    !read_config_file(config, pw, host, host_arg, &options,
457 		    SSHCONF_USERCONF | (post_canon ? SSHCONF_POSTCANON : 0)))
458 			fatal("Can't open user config file %.100s: "
459 			    "%.100s", config, strerror(errno));
460 	} else {
461 		r = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir,
462 		    _PATH_SSH_USER_CONFFILE);
463 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < sizeof(buf))
464 			(void)read_config_file(buf, pw, host, host_arg,
465 			    &options, SSHCONF_CHECKPERM | SSHCONF_USERCONF |
466 			    (post_canon ? SSHCONF_POSTCANON : 0));
467 
468 		/* Read systemwide configuration file after user config. */
469 		(void)read_config_file(_PATH_HOST_CONFIG_FILE, pw,
470 		    host, host_arg, &options,
471 		    post_canon ? SSHCONF_POSTCANON : 0);
472 	}
473 }
474 
475 /* Rewrite the port number in an addrinfo list of addresses */
476 static void
477 set_addrinfo_port(struct addrinfo *addrs, int port)
478 {
479 	struct addrinfo *addr;
480 
481 	for (addr = addrs; addr != NULL; addr = addr->ai_next) {
482 		switch (addr->ai_family) {
483 		case AF_INET:
484 			((struct sockaddr_in *)addr->ai_addr)->
485 			    sin_port = htons(port);
486 			break;
487 		case AF_INET6:
488 			((struct sockaddr_in6 *)addr->ai_addr)->
489 			    sin6_port = htons(port);
490 			break;
491 		}
492 	}
493 }
494 
495 /*
496  * Main program for the ssh client.
497  */
498 int
499 main(int ac, char **av)
500 {
501 	struct ssh *ssh = NULL;
502 	int i, r, opt, exit_status, use_syslog, config_test = 0;
503 	char *p, *cp, *line, *argv0, buf[PATH_MAX], *host_arg, *logfile;
504 	char thishost[NI_MAXHOST], shorthost[NI_MAXHOST], portstr[NI_MAXSERV];
505 	char cname[NI_MAXHOST], uidstr[32], *conn_hash_hex;
506 	struct stat st;
507 	struct passwd *pw;
508 	int timeout_ms;
509 	extern int optind, optreset;
510 	extern char *optarg;
511 	struct Forward fwd;
512 	struct addrinfo *addrs = NULL;
513 	struct ssh_digest_ctx *md;
514 	u_char conn_hash[SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH];
515 
516 	ssh_malloc_init();	/* must be called before any mallocs */
517 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
518 	sanitise_stdfd();
519 
520 	/*
521 	 * Discard other fds that are hanging around. These can cause problem
522 	 * with backgrounded ssh processes started by ControlPersist.
523 	 */
524 	closefrom(STDERR_FILENO + 1);
525 
526 	/*
527 	 * Save the original real uid.  It will be needed later (uid-swapping
528 	 * may clobber the real uid).
529 	 */
530 	original_real_uid = getuid();
531 	original_effective_uid = geteuid();
532 
533 	/*
534 	 * Use uid-swapping to give up root privileges for the duration of
535 	 * option processing.  We will re-instantiate the rights when we are
536 	 * ready to create the privileged port, and will permanently drop
537 	 * them when the port has been created (actually, when the connection
538 	 * has been made, as we may need to create the port several times).
539 	 */
540 	PRIV_END;
541 
542 	/* If we are installed setuid root be careful to not drop core. */
543 	if (original_real_uid != original_effective_uid) {
544 		struct rlimit rlim;
545 		rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 0;
546 		if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim) < 0)
547 			fatal("setrlimit failed: %.100s", strerror(errno));
548 	}
549 	/* Get user data. */
550 	pw = getpwuid(original_real_uid);
551 	if (!pw) {
552 		logit("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)original_real_uid);
553 		exit(255);
554 	}
555 	/* Take a copy of the returned structure. */
556 	pw = pwcopy(pw);
557 
558 	/*
559 	 * Set our umask to something reasonable, as some files are created
560 	 * with the default umask.  This will make them world-readable but
561 	 * writable only by the owner, which is ok for all files for which we
562 	 * don't set the modes explicitly.
563 	 */
564 	umask(022);
565 
566 	/*
567 	 * Initialize option structure to indicate that no values have been
568 	 * set.
569 	 */
570 	initialize_options(&options);
571 
572 	/* Parse command-line arguments. */
573 	host = NULL;
574 	use_syslog = 0;
575 	logfile = NULL;
576 	argv0 = av[0];
577 
578  again:
579 	while ((opt = getopt(ac, av, "1246ab:c:e:fgi:kl:m:no:p:qstvx"
580 	    "ACD:E:F:GI:KL:MNO:PQ:R:S:TVw:W:XYy")) != -1) {
581 		switch (opt) {
582 		case '1':
583 			options.protocol = SSH_PROTO_1;
584 			break;
585 		case '2':
586 			options.protocol = SSH_PROTO_2;
587 			break;
588 		case '4':
589 			options.address_family = AF_INET;
590 			break;
591 		case '6':
592 			options.address_family = AF_INET6;
593 			break;
594 		case 'n':
595 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
596 			break;
597 		case 'f':
598 			fork_after_authentication_flag = 1;
599 			stdin_null_flag = 1;
600 			break;
601 		case 'x':
602 			options.forward_x11 = 0;
603 			break;
604 		case 'X':
605 			options.forward_x11 = 1;
606 			break;
607 		case 'y':
608 			use_syslog = 1;
609 			break;
610 		case 'E':
611 			logfile = optarg;
612 			break;
613 		case 'G':
614 			config_test = 1;
615 			break;
616 		case 'Y':
617 			options.forward_x11 = 1;
618 			options.forward_x11_trusted = 1;
619 			break;
620 		case 'g':
621 			options.fwd_opts.gateway_ports = 1;
622 			break;
623 		case 'O':
624 			if (stdio_forward_host != NULL)
625 				fatal("Cannot specify multiplexing "
626 				    "command with -W");
627 			else if (muxclient_command != 0)
628 				fatal("Multiplexing command already specified");
629 			if (strcmp(optarg, "check") == 0)
630 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_ALIVE_CHECK;
631 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "forward") == 0)
632 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_FORWARD;
633 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "exit") == 0)
634 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_TERMINATE;
635 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "stop") == 0)
636 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_STOP;
637 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "cancel") == 0)
638 				muxclient_command = SSHMUX_COMMAND_CANCEL_FWD;
639 			else
640 				fatal("Invalid multiplex command.");
641 			break;
642 		case 'P':	/* deprecated */
643 			options.use_privileged_port = 0;
644 			break;
645 		case 'Q':
646 			cp = NULL;
647 			if (strcmp(optarg, "cipher") == 0)
648 				cp = cipher_alg_list('\n', 0);
649 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "cipher-auth") == 0)
650 				cp = cipher_alg_list('\n', 1);
651 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "mac") == 0)
652 				cp = mac_alg_list('\n');
653 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "kex") == 0)
654 				cp = kex_alg_list('\n');
655 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key") == 0)
656 				cp = key_alg_list(0, 0);
657 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key-cert") == 0)
658 				cp = key_alg_list(1, 0);
659 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "key-plain") == 0)
660 				cp = key_alg_list(0, 1);
661 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "protocol-version") == 0) {
662 #ifdef WITH_SSH1
663 				cp = xstrdup("1\n2");
664 #else
665 				cp = xstrdup("2");
666 #endif
667 			}
668 			if (cp == NULL)
669 				fatal("Unsupported query \"%s\"", optarg);
670 			printf("%s\n", cp);
671 			free(cp);
672 			exit(0);
673 			break;
674 		case 'a':
675 			options.forward_agent = 0;
676 			break;
677 		case 'A':
678 			options.forward_agent = 1;
679 			break;
680 		case 'k':
681 			options.gss_deleg_creds = 0;
682 			break;
683 		case 'K':
684 			options.gss_authentication = 1;
685 			options.gss_deleg_creds = 1;
686 			break;
687 		case 'i':
688 			p = tilde_expand_filename(optarg, original_real_uid);
689 			if (stat(p, &st) < 0)
690 				fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Identity file %s "
691 				    "not accessible: %s.\n", p,
692 				    strerror(errno));
693 			else
694 				add_identity_file(&options, NULL, p, 1);
695 			free(p);
696 			break;
697 		case 'I':
698 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
699 			free(options.pkcs11_provider);
700 			options.pkcs11_provider = xstrdup(optarg);
701 #else
702 			fprintf(stderr, "no support for PKCS#11.\n");
703 #endif
704 			break;
705 		case 't':
706 			if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_YES)
707 				options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_FORCE;
708 			else
709 				options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_YES;
710 			break;
711 		case 'v':
712 			if (debug_flag == 0) {
713 				debug_flag = 1;
714 				options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
715 			} else {
716 				if (options.log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
717 					options.log_level++;
718 			}
719 			break;
720 		case 'V':
721 			fprintf(stderr, "%s, %s\n",
722 			    SSH_VERSION,
723 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
724 			    SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION)
725 #else
726 			    "without OpenSSL"
727 #endif
728 			);
729 			if (opt == 'V')
730 				exit(0);
731 			break;
732 		case 'w':
733 			if (options.tun_open == -1)
734 				options.tun_open = SSH_TUNMODE_DEFAULT;
735 			options.tun_local = a2tun(optarg, &options.tun_remote);
736 			if (options.tun_local == SSH_TUNID_ERR) {
737 				fprintf(stderr,
738 				    "Bad tun device '%s'\n", optarg);
739 				exit(255);
740 			}
741 			break;
742 		case 'W':
743 			if (stdio_forward_host != NULL)
744 				fatal("stdio forward already specified");
745 			if (muxclient_command != 0)
746 				fatal("Cannot specify stdio forward with -O");
747 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 0)) {
748 				stdio_forward_host = fwd.listen_host;
749 				stdio_forward_port = fwd.listen_port;
750 				free(fwd.connect_host);
751 			} else {
752 				fprintf(stderr,
753 				    "Bad stdio forwarding specification '%s'\n",
754 				    optarg);
755 				exit(255);
756 			}
757 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
758 			no_shell_flag = 1;
759 			options.clear_forwardings = 1;
760 			options.exit_on_forward_failure = 1;
761 			break;
762 		case 'q':
763 			options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_QUIET;
764 			break;
765 		case 'e':
766 			if (optarg[0] == '^' && optarg[2] == 0 &&
767 			    (u_char) optarg[1] >= 64 &&
768 			    (u_char) optarg[1] < 128)
769 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[1] & 31;
770 			else if (strlen(optarg) == 1)
771 				options.escape_char = (u_char) optarg[0];
772 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "none") == 0)
773 				options.escape_char = SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE;
774 			else {
775 				fprintf(stderr, "Bad escape character '%s'.\n",
776 				    optarg);
777 				exit(255);
778 			}
779 			break;
780 		case 'c':
781 			if (ciphers_valid(*optarg == '+' ?
782 			    optarg + 1 : optarg)) {
783 				/* SSH2 only */
784 				free(options.ciphers);
785 				options.ciphers = xstrdup(optarg);
786 				options.cipher = SSH_CIPHER_INVALID;
787 				break;
788 			}
789 			/* SSH1 only */
790 			options.cipher = cipher_number(optarg);
791 			if (options.cipher == -1) {
792 				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown cipher type '%s'\n",
793 				    optarg);
794 				exit(255);
795 			}
796 			if (options.cipher == SSH_CIPHER_3DES)
797 				options.ciphers = xstrdup("3des-cbc");
798 			else if (options.cipher == SSH_CIPHER_BLOWFISH)
799 				options.ciphers = xstrdup("blowfish-cbc");
800 			else
801 				options.ciphers = xstrdup(KEX_CLIENT_ENCRYPT);
802 			break;
803 		case 'm':
804 			if (mac_valid(optarg)) {
805 				free(options.macs);
806 				options.macs = xstrdup(optarg);
807 			} else {
808 				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown mac type '%s'\n",
809 				    optarg);
810 				exit(255);
811 			}
812 			break;
813 		case 'M':
814 			if (options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_YES)
815 				options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_ASK;
816 			else
817 				options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_YES;
818 			break;
819 		case 'p':
820 			options.port = a2port(optarg);
821 			if (options.port <= 0) {
822 				fprintf(stderr, "Bad port '%s'\n", optarg);
823 				exit(255);
824 			}
825 			break;
826 		case 'l':
827 			options.user = optarg;
828 			break;
829 
830 		case 'L':
831 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 0, 0))
832 				add_local_forward(&options, &fwd);
833 			else {
834 				fprintf(stderr,
835 				    "Bad local forwarding specification '%s'\n",
836 				    optarg);
837 				exit(255);
838 			}
839 			break;
840 
841 		case 'R':
842 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 0, 1)) {
843 				add_remote_forward(&options, &fwd);
844 			} else {
845 				fprintf(stderr,
846 				    "Bad remote forwarding specification "
847 				    "'%s'\n", optarg);
848 				exit(255);
849 			}
850 			break;
851 
852 		case 'D':
853 			if (parse_forward(&fwd, optarg, 1, 0)) {
854 				add_local_forward(&options, &fwd);
855 			} else {
856 				fprintf(stderr,
857 				    "Bad dynamic forwarding specification "
858 				    "'%s'\n", optarg);
859 				exit(255);
860 			}
861 			break;
862 
863 		case 'C':
864 			options.compression = 1;
865 			break;
866 		case 'N':
867 			no_shell_flag = 1;
868 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
869 			break;
870 		case 'T':
871 			options.request_tty = REQUEST_TTY_NO;
872 			break;
873 		case 'o':
874 			line = xstrdup(optarg);
875 			if (process_config_line(&options, pw,
876 			    host ? host : "", host ? host : "", line,
877 			    "command-line", 0, NULL, SSHCONF_USERCONF) != 0)
878 				exit(255);
879 			free(line);
880 			break;
881 		case 's':
882 			subsystem_flag = 1;
883 			break;
884 		case 'S':
885 			free(options.control_path);
886 			options.control_path = xstrdup(optarg);
887 			break;
888 		case 'b':
889 			options.bind_address = optarg;
890 			break;
891 		case 'F':
892 			config = optarg;
893 			break;
894 		default:
895 			usage();
896 		}
897 	}
898 
899 	ac -= optind;
900 	av += optind;
901 
902 	if (ac > 0 && !host) {
903 		if (strrchr(*av, '@')) {
904 			p = xstrdup(*av);
905 			cp = strrchr(p, '@');
906 			if (cp == NULL || cp == p)
907 				usage();
908 			options.user = p;
909 			*cp = '\0';
910 			host = xstrdup(++cp);
911 		} else
912 			host = xstrdup(*av);
913 		if (ac > 1) {
914 			optind = optreset = 1;
915 			goto again;
916 		}
917 		ac--, av++;
918 	}
919 
920 	/* Check that we got a host name. */
921 	if (!host)
922 		usage();
923 
924 	host_arg = xstrdup(host);
925 
926 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
927 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
928 	ERR_load_crypto_strings();
929 #endif
930 
931 	/* Initialize the command to execute on remote host. */
932 	buffer_init(&command);
933 
934 	/*
935 	 * Save the command to execute on the remote host in a buffer. There
936 	 * is no limit on the length of the command, except by the maximum
937 	 * packet size.  Also sets the tty flag if there is no command.
938 	 */
939 	if (!ac) {
940 		/* No command specified - execute shell on a tty. */
941 		if (subsystem_flag) {
942 			fprintf(stderr,
943 			    "You must specify a subsystem to invoke.\n");
944 			usage();
945 		}
946 	} else {
947 		/* A command has been specified.  Store it into the buffer. */
948 		for (i = 0; i < ac; i++) {
949 			if (i)
950 				buffer_append(&command, " ", 1);
951 			buffer_append(&command, av[i], strlen(av[i]));
952 		}
953 	}
954 
955 	/* Cannot fork to background if no command. */
956 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag && buffer_len(&command) == 0 &&
957 	    !no_shell_flag)
958 		fatal("Cannot fork into background without a command "
959 		    "to execute.");
960 
961 	/*
962 	 * Initialize "log" output.  Since we are the client all output
963 	 * goes to stderr unless otherwise specified by -y or -E.
964 	 */
965 	if (use_syslog && logfile != NULL)
966 		fatal("Can't specify both -y and -E");
967 	if (logfile != NULL)
968 		log_redirect_stderr_to(logfile);
969 	log_init(argv0,
970 	    options.log_level == -1 ? SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO : options.log_level,
971 	    SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, !use_syslog);
972 
973 	if (debug_flag)
974 		logit("%s, %s", SSH_VERSION,
975 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
976 		    SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION)
977 #else
978 		    "without OpenSSL"
979 #endif
980 		);
981 
982 	/* Parse the configuration files */
983 	process_config_files(host_arg, pw, 0);
984 
985 	/* Hostname canonicalisation needs a few options filled. */
986 	fill_default_options_for_canonicalization(&options);
987 
988 	/* If the user has replaced the hostname then take it into use now */
989 	if (options.hostname != NULL) {
990 		/* NB. Please keep in sync with readconf.c:match_cfg_line() */
991 		cp = percent_expand(options.hostname,
992 		    "h", host, (char *)NULL);
993 		free(host);
994 		host = cp;
995 		free(options.hostname);
996 		options.hostname = xstrdup(host);
997 	}
998 
999 	/* If canonicalization requested then try to apply it */
1000 	lowercase(host);
1001 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname != SSH_CANONICALISE_NO)
1002 		addrs = resolve_canonicalize(&host, options.port);
1003 
1004 	/*
1005 	 * If CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs have been specified but
1006 	 * other canonicalization did not happen (by not being requested
1007 	 * or by failing with fallback) then the hostname may still be changed
1008 	 * as a result of CNAME following.
1009 	 *
1010 	 * Try to resolve the bare hostname name using the system resolver's
1011 	 * usual search rules and then apply the CNAME follow rules.
1012 	 *
1013 	 * Skip the lookup if a ProxyCommand is being used unless the user
1014 	 * has specifically requested canonicalisation for this case via
1015 	 * CanonicalizeHostname=always
1016 	 */
1017 	if (addrs == NULL && options.num_permitted_cnames != 0 &&
1018 	    (option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command) ||
1019             options.canonicalize_hostname == SSH_CANONICALISE_ALWAYS)) {
1020 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(host, options.port,
1021 		    option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command),
1022 		    cname, sizeof(cname))) == NULL) {
1023 			/* Don't fatal proxied host names not in the DNS */
1024 			if (option_clear_or_none(options.proxy_command))
1025 				cleanup_exit(255); /* logged in resolve_host */
1026 		} else
1027 			check_follow_cname(&host, cname);
1028 	}
1029 
1030 	/*
1031 	 * If canonicalisation is enabled then re-parse the configuration
1032 	 * files as new stanzas may match.
1033 	 */
1034 	if (options.canonicalize_hostname != 0) {
1035 		debug("Re-reading configuration after hostname "
1036 		    "canonicalisation");
1037 		free(options.hostname);
1038 		options.hostname = xstrdup(host);
1039 		process_config_files(host_arg, pw, 1);
1040 		/*
1041 		 * Address resolution happens early with canonicalisation
1042 		 * enabled and the port number may have changed since, so
1043 		 * reset it in address list
1044 		 */
1045 		if (addrs != NULL && options.port > 0)
1046 			set_addrinfo_port(addrs, options.port);
1047 	}
1048 
1049 	/* Fill configuration defaults. */
1050 	fill_default_options(&options);
1051 
1052 	if (options.port == 0)
1053 		options.port = default_ssh_port();
1054 	channel_set_af(options.address_family);
1055 
1056 	/* Tidy and check options */
1057 	if (options.host_key_alias != NULL)
1058 		lowercase(options.host_key_alias);
1059 	if (options.proxy_command != NULL &&
1060 	    strcmp(options.proxy_command, "-") == 0 &&
1061 	    options.proxy_use_fdpass)
1062 		fatal("ProxyCommand=- and ProxyUseFDPass are incompatible");
1063 	if (options.control_persist &&
1064 	    options.update_hostkeys == SSH_UPDATE_HOSTKEYS_ASK) {
1065 		debug("UpdateHostKeys=ask is incompatible with ControlPersist; "
1066 		    "disabling");
1067 		options.update_hostkeys = 0;
1068 	}
1069 	if (options.connection_attempts <= 0)
1070 		fatal("Invalid number of ConnectionAttempts");
1071 
1072 	if (original_effective_uid != 0)
1073 		options.use_privileged_port = 0;
1074 
1075 	/* reinit */
1076 	log_init(argv0, options.log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, !use_syslog);
1077 
1078 	if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_YES ||
1079 	    options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_FORCE)
1080 		tty_flag = 1;
1081 
1082 	/* Allocate a tty by default if no command specified. */
1083 	if (buffer_len(&command) == 0)
1084 		tty_flag = options.request_tty != REQUEST_TTY_NO;
1085 
1086 	/* Force no tty */
1087 	if (options.request_tty == REQUEST_TTY_NO || muxclient_command != 0)
1088 		tty_flag = 0;
1089 	/* Do not allocate a tty if stdin is not a tty. */
1090 	if ((!isatty(fileno(stdin)) || stdin_null_flag) &&
1091 	    options.request_tty != REQUEST_TTY_FORCE) {
1092 		if (tty_flag)
1093 			logit("Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because "
1094 			    "stdin is not a terminal.");
1095 		tty_flag = 0;
1096 	}
1097 
1098 	if (options.user == NULL)
1099 		options.user = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
1100 
1101 	if (gethostname(thishost, sizeof(thishost)) == -1)
1102 		fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
1103 	strlcpy(shorthost, thishost, sizeof(shorthost));
1104 	shorthost[strcspn(thishost, ".")] = '\0';
1105 	snprintf(portstr, sizeof(portstr), "%d", options.port);
1106 	snprintf(uidstr, sizeof(uidstr), "%d", pw->pw_uid);
1107 
1108 	if ((md = ssh_digest_start(SSH_DIGEST_SHA1)) == NULL ||
1109 	    ssh_digest_update(md, thishost, strlen(thishost)) < 0 ||
1110 	    ssh_digest_update(md, host, strlen(host)) < 0 ||
1111 	    ssh_digest_update(md, portstr, strlen(portstr)) < 0 ||
1112 	    ssh_digest_update(md, options.user, strlen(options.user)) < 0 ||
1113 	    ssh_digest_final(md, conn_hash, sizeof(conn_hash)) < 0)
1114 		fatal("%s: mux digest failed", __func__);
1115 	ssh_digest_free(md);
1116 	conn_hash_hex = tohex(conn_hash, ssh_digest_bytes(SSH_DIGEST_SHA1));
1117 
1118 	if (options.local_command != NULL) {
1119 		debug3("expanding LocalCommand: %s", options.local_command);
1120 		cp = options.local_command;
1121 		options.local_command = percent_expand(cp,
1122 		    "C", conn_hash_hex,
1123 		    "L", shorthost,
1124 		    "d", pw->pw_dir,
1125 		    "h", host,
1126 		    "l", thishost,
1127 		    "n", host_arg,
1128 		    "p", portstr,
1129 		    "r", options.user,
1130 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
1131 		    (char *)NULL);
1132 		debug3("expanded LocalCommand: %s", options.local_command);
1133 		free(cp);
1134 	}
1135 
1136 	if (options.control_path != NULL) {
1137 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.control_path,
1138 		    original_real_uid);
1139 		free(options.control_path);
1140 		options.control_path = percent_expand(cp,
1141 		    "C", conn_hash_hex,
1142 		    "L", shorthost,
1143 		    "h", host,
1144 		    "l", thishost,
1145 		    "n", host_arg,
1146 		    "p", portstr,
1147 		    "r", options.user,
1148 		    "u", pw->pw_name,
1149 		    "i", uidstr,
1150 		    (char *)NULL);
1151 		free(cp);
1152 	}
1153 	free(conn_hash_hex);
1154 
1155 	if (config_test) {
1156 		dump_client_config(&options, host);
1157 		exit(0);
1158 	}
1159 
1160 	if (muxclient_command != 0 && options.control_path == NULL)
1161 		fatal("No ControlPath specified for \"-O\" command");
1162 	if (options.control_path != NULL)
1163 		muxclient(options.control_path);
1164 
1165 	/*
1166 	 * If hostname canonicalisation was not enabled, then we may not
1167 	 * have yet resolved the hostname. Do so now.
1168 	 */
1169 	if (addrs == NULL && options.proxy_command == NULL) {
1170 		debug2("resolving \"%s\" port %d", host, options.port);
1171 		if ((addrs = resolve_host(host, options.port, 1,
1172 		    cname, sizeof(cname))) == NULL)
1173 			cleanup_exit(255); /* resolve_host logs the error */
1174 	}
1175 
1176 	timeout_ms = options.connection_timeout * 1000;
1177 
1178 	/* Open a connection to the remote host. */
1179 	if (ssh_connect(host, addrs, &hostaddr, options.port,
1180 	    options.address_family, options.connection_attempts,
1181 	    &timeout_ms, options.tcp_keep_alive,
1182 	    options.use_privileged_port) != 0)
1183 		exit(255);
1184 
1185 	if (addrs != NULL)
1186 		freeaddrinfo(addrs);
1187 
1188 	packet_set_timeout(options.server_alive_interval,
1189 	    options.server_alive_count_max);
1190 
1191 	ssh = active_state; /* XXX */
1192 
1193 	if (timeout_ms > 0)
1194 		debug3("timeout: %d ms remain after connect", timeout_ms);
1195 
1196 	/*
1197 	 * If we successfully made the connection, load the host private key
1198 	 * in case we will need it later for combined rsa-rhosts
1199 	 * authentication. This must be done before releasing extra
1200 	 * privileges, because the file is only readable by root.
1201 	 * If we cannot access the private keys, load the public keys
1202 	 * instead and try to execute the ssh-keysign helper instead.
1203 	 */
1204 	sensitive_data.nkeys = 0;
1205 	sensitive_data.keys = NULL;
1206 	sensitive_data.external_keysign = 0;
1207 	if (options.rhosts_rsa_authentication ||
1208 	    options.hostbased_authentication) {
1209 		sensitive_data.nkeys = 9;
1210 		sensitive_data.keys = xcalloc(sensitive_data.nkeys,
1211 		    sizeof(Key));
1212 
1213 		PRIV_START;
1214 #if WITH_SSH1
1215 		sensitive_data.keys[0] = key_load_private_type(KEY_RSA1,
1216 		    _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1217 #endif
1218 		sensitive_data.keys[1] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_ECDSA,
1219 		    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1220 		sensitive_data.keys[2] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_ED25519,
1221 		    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1222 		sensitive_data.keys[3] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_RSA,
1223 		    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1224 		sensitive_data.keys[4] = key_load_private_cert(KEY_DSA,
1225 		    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL);
1226 		sensitive_data.keys[5] = key_load_private_type(KEY_ECDSA,
1227 		    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1228 		sensitive_data.keys[6] = key_load_private_type(KEY_ED25519,
1229 		    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1230 		sensitive_data.keys[7] = key_load_private_type(KEY_RSA,
1231 		    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1232 		sensitive_data.keys[8] = key_load_private_type(KEY_DSA,
1233 		    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, "", NULL, NULL);
1234 		PRIV_END;
1235 
1236 		if (options.hostbased_authentication == 1 &&
1237 		    sensitive_data.keys[0] == NULL &&
1238 		    sensitive_data.keys[5] == NULL &&
1239 		    sensitive_data.keys[6] == NULL &&
1240 		    sensitive_data.keys[7] == NULL &&
1241 		    sensitive_data.keys[8] == NULL) {
1242 			sensitive_data.keys[1] = key_load_cert(
1243 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE);
1244 			sensitive_data.keys[2] = key_load_cert(
1245 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE);
1246 			sensitive_data.keys[3] = key_load_cert(
1247 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE);
1248 			sensitive_data.keys[4] = key_load_cert(
1249 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE);
1250 			sensitive_data.keys[5] = key_load_public(
1251 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1252 			sensitive_data.keys[6] = key_load_public(
1253 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1254 			sensitive_data.keys[7] = key_load_public(
1255 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1256 			sensitive_data.keys[8] = key_load_public(
1257 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, NULL);
1258 			sensitive_data.external_keysign = 1;
1259 		}
1260 	}
1261 	/*
1262 	 * Get rid of any extra privileges that we may have.  We will no
1263 	 * longer need them.  Also, extra privileges could make it very hard
1264 	 * to read identity files and other non-world-readable files from the
1265 	 * user's home directory if it happens to be on a NFS volume where
1266 	 * root is mapped to nobody.
1267 	 */
1268 	if (original_effective_uid == 0) {
1269 		PRIV_START;
1270 		permanently_set_uid(pw);
1271 	}
1272 
1273 	/*
1274 	 * Now that we are back to our own permissions, create ~/.ssh
1275 	 * directory if it doesn't already exist.
1276 	 */
1277 	if (config == NULL) {
1278 		r = snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir,
1279 		    strcmp(pw->pw_dir, "/") ? "/" : "", _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
1280 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < sizeof(buf) && stat(buf, &st) < 0)
1281 			if (mkdir(buf, 0700) < 0)
1282 				error("Could not create directory '%.200s'.",
1283 				    buf);
1284 	}
1285 
1286 	/* load options.identity_files */
1287 	load_public_identity_files();
1288 
1289 	/* optionally set the SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME varibale */
1290 	if (options.identity_agent &&
1291 	    strcmp(options.identity_agent, SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME) != 0) {
1292 		if (strcmp(options.identity_agent, "none") == 0) {
1293 			unsetenv(SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME);
1294 		} else {
1295 			p = tilde_expand_filename(options.identity_agent,
1296 			    original_real_uid);
1297 			cp = percent_expand(p, "d", pw->pw_dir,
1298 			    "u", pw->pw_name, "l", thishost, "h", host,
1299 			    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
1300 			setenv(SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME, cp, 1);
1301 			free(cp);
1302 			free(p);
1303 		}
1304 	}
1305 
1306 	/* Expand ~ in known host file names. */
1307 	tilde_expand_paths(options.system_hostfiles,
1308 	    options.num_system_hostfiles);
1309 	tilde_expand_paths(options.user_hostfiles, options.num_user_hostfiles);
1310 
1311 	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); /* ignore SIGPIPE early */
1312 	signal(SIGCHLD, main_sigchld_handler);
1313 
1314 	/* Log into the remote system.  Never returns if the login fails. */
1315 	ssh_login(&sensitive_data, host, (struct sockaddr *)&hostaddr,
1316 	    options.port, pw, timeout_ms);
1317 
1318 	if (packet_connection_is_on_socket()) {
1319 		verbose("Authenticated to %s ([%s]:%d).", host,
1320 		    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh));
1321 	} else {
1322 		verbose("Authenticated to %s (via proxy).", host);
1323 	}
1324 
1325 	/* We no longer need the private host keys.  Clear them now. */
1326 	if (sensitive_data.nkeys != 0) {
1327 		for (i = 0; i < sensitive_data.nkeys; i++) {
1328 			if (sensitive_data.keys[i] != NULL) {
1329 				/* Destroys contents safely */
1330 				debug3("clear hostkey %d", i);
1331 				key_free(sensitive_data.keys[i]);
1332 				sensitive_data.keys[i] = NULL;
1333 			}
1334 		}
1335 		free(sensitive_data.keys);
1336 	}
1337 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
1338 		free(options.identity_files[i]);
1339 		options.identity_files[i] = NULL;
1340 		if (options.identity_keys[i]) {
1341 			key_free(options.identity_keys[i]);
1342 			options.identity_keys[i] = NULL;
1343 		}
1344 	}
1345 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_certificate_files; i++) {
1346 		free(options.certificate_files[i]);
1347 		options.certificate_files[i] = NULL;
1348 	}
1349 
1350 	exit_status = compat20 ? ssh_session2() : ssh_session();
1351 	packet_close();
1352 
1353 	if (options.control_path != NULL && muxserver_sock != -1)
1354 		unlink(options.control_path);
1355 
1356 	/* Kill ProxyCommand if it is running. */
1357 	ssh_kill_proxy_command();
1358 
1359 	return exit_status;
1360 }
1361 
1362 static void
1363 control_persist_detach(void)
1364 {
1365 	pid_t pid;
1366 	int devnull, keep_stderr;
1367 
1368 	debug("%s: backgrounding master process", __func__);
1369 
1370  	/*
1371  	 * master (current process) into the background, and make the
1372  	 * foreground process a client of the backgrounded master.
1373  	 */
1374 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
1375 	case -1:
1376 		fatal("%s: fork: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1377 	case 0:
1378 		/* Child: master process continues mainloop */
1379  		break;
1380  	default:
1381 		/* Parent: set up mux slave to connect to backgrounded master */
1382 		debug2("%s: background process is %ld", __func__, (long)pid);
1383 		stdin_null_flag = ostdin_null_flag;
1384 		options.request_tty = orequest_tty;
1385 		tty_flag = otty_flag;
1386  		close(muxserver_sock);
1387  		muxserver_sock = -1;
1388 		options.control_master = SSHCTL_MASTER_NO;
1389  		muxclient(options.control_path);
1390 		/* muxclient() doesn't return on success. */
1391  		fatal("Failed to connect to new control master");
1392  	}
1393 	if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
1394 		error("%s: open(\"/dev/null\"): %s", __func__,
1395 		    strerror(errno));
1396 	} else {
1397 		keep_stderr = log_is_on_stderr() && debug_flag;
1398 		if (dup2(devnull, STDIN_FILENO) == -1 ||
1399 		    dup2(devnull, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1 ||
1400 		    (!keep_stderr && dup2(devnull, STDERR_FILENO) == -1))
1401 			error("%s: dup2: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1402 		if (devnull > STDERR_FILENO)
1403 			close(devnull);
1404 	}
1405 	daemon(1, 1);
1406 	setproctitle("%s [mux]", options.control_path);
1407 }
1408 
1409 /* Do fork() after authentication. Used by "ssh -f" */
1410 static void
1411 fork_postauth(void)
1412 {
1413 	if (need_controlpersist_detach)
1414 		control_persist_detach();
1415 	debug("forking to background");
1416 	fork_after_authentication_flag = 0;
1417 	if (daemon(1, 1) < 0)
1418 		fatal("daemon() failed: %.200s", strerror(errno));
1419 }
1420 
1421 /* Callback for remote forward global requests */
1422 static void
1423 ssh_confirm_remote_forward(int type, u_int32_t seq, void *ctxt)
1424 {
1425 	struct Forward *rfwd = (struct Forward *)ctxt;
1426 
1427 	/* XXX verbose() on failure? */
1428 	debug("remote forward %s for: listen %s%s%d, connect %s:%d",
1429 	    type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS ? "success" : "failure",
1430 	    rfwd->listen_path ? rfwd->listen_path :
1431 	    rfwd->listen_host ? rfwd->listen_host : "",
1432 	    (rfwd->listen_path || rfwd->listen_host) ? ":" : "",
1433 	    rfwd->listen_port, rfwd->connect_path ? rfwd->connect_path :
1434 	    rfwd->connect_host, rfwd->connect_port);
1435 	if (rfwd->listen_path == NULL && rfwd->listen_port == 0) {
1436 		if (type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS) {
1437 			rfwd->allocated_port = packet_get_int();
1438 			logit("Allocated port %u for remote forward to %s:%d",
1439 			    rfwd->allocated_port,
1440 			    rfwd->connect_host, rfwd->connect_port);
1441 			channel_update_permitted_opens(rfwd->handle,
1442 			    rfwd->allocated_port);
1443 		} else {
1444 			channel_update_permitted_opens(rfwd->handle, -1);
1445 		}
1446 	}
1447 
1448 	if (type == SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE) {
1449 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure) {
1450 			if (rfwd->listen_path != NULL)
1451 				fatal("Error: remote port forwarding failed "
1452 				    "for listen path %s", rfwd->listen_path);
1453 			else
1454 				fatal("Error: remote port forwarding failed "
1455 				    "for listen port %d", rfwd->listen_port);
1456 		} else {
1457 			if (rfwd->listen_path != NULL)
1458 				logit("Warning: remote port forwarding failed "
1459 				    "for listen path %s", rfwd->listen_path);
1460 			else
1461 				logit("Warning: remote port forwarding failed "
1462 				    "for listen port %d", rfwd->listen_port);
1463 		}
1464 	}
1465 	if (++remote_forward_confirms_received == options.num_remote_forwards) {
1466 		debug("All remote forwarding requests processed");
1467 		if (fork_after_authentication_flag)
1468 			fork_postauth();
1469 	}
1470 }
1471 
1472 static void
1473 client_cleanup_stdio_fwd(int id, void *arg)
1474 {
1475 	debug("stdio forwarding: done");
1476 	cleanup_exit(0);
1477 }
1478 
1479 static void
1480 ssh_stdio_confirm(int id, int success, void *arg)
1481 {
1482 	if (!success)
1483 		fatal("stdio forwarding failed");
1484 }
1485 
1486 static void
1487 ssh_init_stdio_forwarding(void)
1488 {
1489 	Channel *c;
1490 	int in, out;
1491 
1492 	if (stdio_forward_host == NULL)
1493 		return;
1494 	if (!compat20)
1495 		fatal("stdio forwarding require Protocol 2");
1496 
1497 	debug3("%s: %s:%d", __func__, stdio_forward_host, stdio_forward_port);
1498 
1499 	if ((in = dup(STDIN_FILENO)) < 0 ||
1500 	    (out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO)) < 0)
1501 		fatal("channel_connect_stdio_fwd: dup() in/out failed");
1502 	if ((c = channel_connect_stdio_fwd(stdio_forward_host,
1503 	    stdio_forward_port, in, out)) == NULL)
1504 		fatal("%s: channel_connect_stdio_fwd failed", __func__);
1505 	channel_register_cleanup(c->self, client_cleanup_stdio_fwd, 0);
1506 	channel_register_open_confirm(c->self, ssh_stdio_confirm, NULL);
1507 }
1508 
1509 static void
1510 ssh_init_forwarding(void)
1511 {
1512 	int success = 0;
1513 	int i;
1514 
1515 	/* Initiate local TCP/IP port forwardings. */
1516 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_local_forwards; i++) {
1517 		debug("Local connections to %.200s:%d forwarded to remote "
1518 		    "address %.200s:%d",
1519 		    (options.local_forwards[i].listen_path != NULL) ?
1520 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_path :
1521 		    (options.local_forwards[i].listen_host == NULL) ?
1522 		    (options.fwd_opts.gateway_ports ? "*" : "LOCALHOST") :
1523 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_host,
1524 		    options.local_forwards[i].listen_port,
1525 		    (options.local_forwards[i].connect_path != NULL) ?
1526 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_path :
1527 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_host,
1528 		    options.local_forwards[i].connect_port);
1529 		success += channel_setup_local_fwd_listener(
1530 		    &options.local_forwards[i], &options.fwd_opts);
1531 	}
1532 	if (i > 0 && success != i && options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1533 		fatal("Could not request local forwarding.");
1534 	if (i > 0 && success == 0)
1535 		error("Could not request local forwarding.");
1536 
1537 	/* Initiate remote TCP/IP port forwardings. */
1538 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_remote_forwards; i++) {
1539 		debug("Remote connections from %.200s:%d forwarded to "
1540 		    "local address %.200s:%d",
1541 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].listen_path != NULL) ?
1542 		    options.remote_forwards[i].listen_path :
1543 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].listen_host == NULL) ?
1544 		    "LOCALHOST" : options.remote_forwards[i].listen_host,
1545 		    options.remote_forwards[i].listen_port,
1546 		    (options.remote_forwards[i].connect_path != NULL) ?
1547 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_path :
1548 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_host,
1549 		    options.remote_forwards[i].connect_port);
1550 		options.remote_forwards[i].handle =
1551 		    channel_request_remote_forwarding(
1552 		    &options.remote_forwards[i]);
1553 		if (options.remote_forwards[i].handle < 0) {
1554 			if (options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1555 				fatal("Could not request remote forwarding.");
1556 			else
1557 				logit("Warning: Could not request remote "
1558 				    "forwarding.");
1559 		} else {
1560 			client_register_global_confirm(ssh_confirm_remote_forward,
1561 			    &options.remote_forwards[i]);
1562 		}
1563 	}
1564 
1565 	/* Initiate tunnel forwarding. */
1566 	if (options.tun_open != SSH_TUNMODE_NO) {
1567 		if (client_request_tun_fwd(options.tun_open,
1568 		    options.tun_local, options.tun_remote) == -1) {
1569 			if (options.exit_on_forward_failure)
1570 				fatal("Could not request tunnel forwarding.");
1571 			else
1572 				error("Could not request tunnel forwarding.");
1573 		}
1574 	}
1575 }
1576 
1577 static void
1578 check_agent_present(void)
1579 {
1580 	int r;
1581 
1582 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1583 		/* Clear agent forwarding if we don't have an agent. */
1584 		if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(NULL)) != 0) {
1585 			options.forward_agent = 0;
1586 			if (r != SSH_ERR_AGENT_NOT_PRESENT)
1587 				debug("ssh_get_authentication_socket: %s",
1588 				    ssh_err(r));
1589 		}
1590 	}
1591 }
1592 
1593 static int
1594 ssh_session(void)
1595 {
1596 	int type;
1597 	int interactive = 0;
1598 	int have_tty = 0;
1599 	struct winsize ws;
1600 	char *cp;
1601 	const char *display;
1602 	char *proto = NULL, *data = NULL;
1603 
1604 	/* Enable compression if requested. */
1605 	if (options.compression) {
1606 		debug("Requesting compression at level %d.",
1607 		    options.compression_level);
1608 
1609 		if (options.compression_level < 1 ||
1610 		    options.compression_level > 9)
1611 			fatal("Compression level must be from 1 (fast) to "
1612 			    "9 (slow, best).");
1613 
1614 		/* Send the request. */
1615 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_REQUEST_COMPRESSION);
1616 		packet_put_int(options.compression_level);
1617 		packet_send();
1618 		packet_write_wait();
1619 		type = packet_read();
1620 		if (type == SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS)
1621 			packet_start_compression(options.compression_level);
1622 		else if (type == SSH_SMSG_FAILURE)
1623 			logit("Warning: Remote host refused compression.");
1624 		else
1625 			packet_disconnect("Protocol error waiting for "
1626 			    "compression response.");
1627 	}
1628 	/* Allocate a pseudo tty if appropriate. */
1629 	if (tty_flag) {
1630 		debug("Requesting pty.");
1631 
1632 		/* Start the packet. */
1633 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_REQUEST_PTY);
1634 
1635 		/* Store TERM in the packet.  There is no limit on the
1636 		   length of the string. */
1637 		cp = getenv("TERM");
1638 		if (!cp)
1639 			cp = "";
1640 		packet_put_cstring(cp);
1641 
1642 		/* Store window size in the packet. */
1643 		if (ioctl(fileno(stdin), TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
1644 			memset(&ws, 0, sizeof(ws));
1645 		packet_put_int((u_int)ws.ws_row);
1646 		packet_put_int((u_int)ws.ws_col);
1647 		packet_put_int((u_int)ws.ws_xpixel);
1648 		packet_put_int((u_int)ws.ws_ypixel);
1649 
1650 		/* Store tty modes in the packet. */
1651 		tty_make_modes(fileno(stdin), NULL);
1652 
1653 		/* Send the packet, and wait for it to leave. */
1654 		packet_send();
1655 		packet_write_wait();
1656 
1657 		/* Read response from the server. */
1658 		type = packet_read();
1659 		if (type == SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
1660 			interactive = 1;
1661 			have_tty = 1;
1662 		} else if (type == SSH_SMSG_FAILURE)
1663 			logit("Warning: Remote host failed or refused to "
1664 			    "allocate a pseudo tty.");
1665 		else
1666 			packet_disconnect("Protocol error waiting for pty "
1667 			    "request response.");
1668 	}
1669 	/* Request X11 forwarding if enabled and DISPLAY is set. */
1670 	display = getenv("DISPLAY");
1671 	if (display == NULL && options.forward_x11)
1672 		debug("X11 forwarding requested but DISPLAY not set");
1673 	if (options.forward_x11 && client_x11_get_proto(display,
1674 	    options.xauth_location, options.forward_x11_trusted,
1675 	    options.forward_x11_timeout, &proto, &data) == 0) {
1676 		/* Request forwarding with authentication spoofing. */
1677 		debug("Requesting X11 forwarding with authentication "
1678 		    "spoofing.");
1679 		x11_request_forwarding_with_spoofing(0, display, proto,
1680 		    data, 0);
1681 		/* Read response from the server. */
1682 		type = packet_read();
1683 		if (type == SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
1684 			interactive = 1;
1685 		} else if (type == SSH_SMSG_FAILURE) {
1686 			logit("Warning: Remote host denied X11 forwarding.");
1687 		} else {
1688 			packet_disconnect("Protocol error waiting for X11 "
1689 			    "forwarding");
1690 		}
1691 	}
1692 	/* Tell the packet module whether this is an interactive session. */
1693 	packet_set_interactive(interactive,
1694 	    options.ip_qos_interactive, options.ip_qos_bulk);
1695 
1696 	/* Request authentication agent forwarding if appropriate. */
1697 	check_agent_present();
1698 
1699 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1700 		debug("Requesting authentication agent forwarding.");
1701 		auth_request_forwarding();
1702 
1703 		/* Read response from the server. */
1704 		type = packet_read();
1705 		packet_check_eom();
1706 		if (type != SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS)
1707 			logit("Warning: Remote host denied authentication agent forwarding.");
1708 	}
1709 
1710 	/* Initiate port forwardings. */
1711 	ssh_init_stdio_forwarding();
1712 	ssh_init_forwarding();
1713 
1714 	/* Execute a local command */
1715 	if (options.local_command != NULL &&
1716 	    options.permit_local_command)
1717 		ssh_local_cmd(options.local_command);
1718 
1719 	/*
1720 	 * If requested and we are not interested in replies to remote
1721 	 * forwarding requests, then let ssh continue in the background.
1722 	 */
1723 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag) {
1724 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure &&
1725 		    options.num_remote_forwards > 0) {
1726 			debug("deferring postauth fork until remote forward "
1727 			    "confirmation received");
1728 		} else
1729 			fork_postauth();
1730 	}
1731 
1732 	/*
1733 	 * If a command was specified on the command line, execute the
1734 	 * command now. Otherwise request the server to start a shell.
1735 	 */
1736 	if (buffer_len(&command) > 0) {
1737 		int len = buffer_len(&command);
1738 		if (len > 900)
1739 			len = 900;
1740 		debug("Sending command: %.*s", len,
1741 		    (u_char *)buffer_ptr(&command));
1742 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_EXEC_CMD);
1743 		packet_put_string(buffer_ptr(&command), buffer_len(&command));
1744 		packet_send();
1745 		packet_write_wait();
1746 	} else {
1747 		debug("Requesting shell.");
1748 		packet_start(SSH_CMSG_EXEC_SHELL);
1749 		packet_send();
1750 		packet_write_wait();
1751 	}
1752 
1753 	/* Enter the interactive session. */
1754 	return client_loop(have_tty, tty_flag ?
1755 	    options.escape_char : SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE, 0);
1756 }
1757 
1758 /* request pty/x11/agent/tcpfwd/shell for channel */
1759 static void
1760 ssh_session2_setup(int id, int success, void *arg)
1761 {
1762 	extern char **environ;
1763 	const char *display;
1764 	int interactive = tty_flag;
1765 	char *proto = NULL, *data = NULL;
1766 
1767 	if (!success)
1768 		return; /* No need for error message, channels code sens one */
1769 
1770 	display = getenv("DISPLAY");
1771 	if (display == NULL && options.forward_x11)
1772 		debug("X11 forwarding requested but DISPLAY not set");
1773 	if (options.forward_x11 && client_x11_get_proto(display,
1774 	    options.xauth_location, options.forward_x11_trusted,
1775 	    options.forward_x11_timeout, &proto, &data) == 0) {
1776 		/* Request forwarding with authentication spoofing. */
1777 		debug("Requesting X11 forwarding with authentication "
1778 		    "spoofing.");
1779 		x11_request_forwarding_with_spoofing(id, display, proto,
1780 		    data, 1);
1781 		client_expect_confirm(id, "X11 forwarding", CONFIRM_WARN);
1782 		/* XXX exit_on_forward_failure */
1783 		interactive = 1;
1784 	}
1785 
1786 	check_agent_present();
1787 	if (options.forward_agent) {
1788 		debug("Requesting authentication agent forwarding.");
1789 		channel_request_start(id, "auth-agent-req@openssh.com", 0);
1790 		packet_send();
1791 	}
1792 
1793 	/* Tell the packet module whether this is an interactive session. */
1794 	packet_set_interactive(interactive,
1795 	    options.ip_qos_interactive, options.ip_qos_bulk);
1796 
1797 	client_session2_setup(id, tty_flag, subsystem_flag, getenv("TERM"),
1798 	    NULL, fileno(stdin), &command, environ);
1799 }
1800 
1801 /* open new channel for a session */
1802 static int
1803 ssh_session2_open(void)
1804 {
1805 	Channel *c;
1806 	int window, packetmax, in, out, err;
1807 
1808 	if (stdin_null_flag) {
1809 		in = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY);
1810 	} else {
1811 		in = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
1812 	}
1813 	out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO);
1814 	err = dup(STDERR_FILENO);
1815 
1816 	if (in < 0 || out < 0 || err < 0)
1817 		fatal("dup() in/out/err failed");
1818 
1819 	/* enable nonblocking unless tty */
1820 	if (!isatty(in))
1821 		set_nonblock(in);
1822 	if (!isatty(out))
1823 		set_nonblock(out);
1824 	if (!isatty(err))
1825 		set_nonblock(err);
1826 
1827 	window = CHAN_SES_WINDOW_DEFAULT;
1828 	packetmax = CHAN_SES_PACKET_DEFAULT;
1829 	if (tty_flag) {
1830 		window >>= 1;
1831 		packetmax >>= 1;
1832 	}
1833 	c = channel_new(
1834 	    "session", SSH_CHANNEL_OPENING, in, out, err,
1835 	    window, packetmax, CHAN_EXTENDED_WRITE,
1836 	    "client-session", /*nonblock*/0);
1837 
1838 	debug3("ssh_session2_open: channel_new: %d", c->self);
1839 
1840 	channel_send_open(c->self);
1841 	if (!no_shell_flag)
1842 		channel_register_open_confirm(c->self,
1843 		    ssh_session2_setup, NULL);
1844 
1845 	return c->self;
1846 }
1847 
1848 static int
1849 ssh_session2(void)
1850 {
1851 	int id = -1;
1852 
1853 	/* XXX should be pre-session */
1854 	if (!options.control_persist)
1855 		ssh_init_stdio_forwarding();
1856 	ssh_init_forwarding();
1857 
1858 	/* Start listening for multiplex clients */
1859 	muxserver_listen();
1860 
1861  	/*
1862 	 * If we are in control persist mode and have a working mux listen
1863 	 * socket, then prepare to background ourselves and have a foreground
1864 	 * client attach as a control slave.
1865 	 * NB. we must save copies of the flags that we override for
1866 	 * the backgrounding, since we defer attachment of the slave until
1867 	 * after the connection is fully established (in particular,
1868 	 * async rfwd replies have been received for ExitOnForwardFailure).
1869 	 */
1870  	if (options.control_persist && muxserver_sock != -1) {
1871 		ostdin_null_flag = stdin_null_flag;
1872 		ono_shell_flag = no_shell_flag;
1873 		orequest_tty = options.request_tty;
1874 		otty_flag = tty_flag;
1875  		stdin_null_flag = 1;
1876  		no_shell_flag = 1;
1877  		tty_flag = 0;
1878 		if (!fork_after_authentication_flag)
1879 			need_controlpersist_detach = 1;
1880 		fork_after_authentication_flag = 1;
1881  	}
1882 	/*
1883 	 * ControlPersist mux listen socket setup failed, attempt the
1884 	 * stdio forward setup that we skipped earlier.
1885 	 */
1886 	if (options.control_persist && muxserver_sock == -1)
1887 		ssh_init_stdio_forwarding();
1888 
1889 	if (!no_shell_flag || (datafellows & SSH_BUG_DUMMYCHAN))
1890 		id = ssh_session2_open();
1891 	else {
1892 		packet_set_interactive(
1893 		    options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_NO,
1894 		    options.ip_qos_interactive, options.ip_qos_bulk);
1895 	}
1896 
1897 	/* If we don't expect to open a new session, then disallow it */
1898 	if (options.control_master == SSHCTL_MASTER_NO &&
1899 	    (datafellows & SSH_NEW_OPENSSH)) {
1900 		debug("Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com");
1901 		packet_start(SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST);
1902 		packet_put_cstring("no-more-sessions@openssh.com");
1903 		packet_put_char(0);
1904 		packet_send();
1905 	}
1906 
1907 	/* Execute a local command */
1908 	if (options.local_command != NULL &&
1909 	    options.permit_local_command)
1910 		ssh_local_cmd(options.local_command);
1911 
1912 	/*
1913 	 * If requested and we are not interested in replies to remote
1914 	 * forwarding requests, then let ssh continue in the background.
1915 	 */
1916 	if (fork_after_authentication_flag) {
1917 		if (options.exit_on_forward_failure &&
1918 		    options.num_remote_forwards > 0) {
1919 			debug("deferring postauth fork until remote forward "
1920 			    "confirmation received");
1921 		} else
1922 			fork_postauth();
1923 	}
1924 
1925 	return client_loop(tty_flag, tty_flag ?
1926 	    options.escape_char : SSH_ESCAPECHAR_NONE, id);
1927 }
1928 
1929 /* Loads all IdentityFile and CertificateFile keys */
1930 static void
1931 load_public_identity_files(void)
1932 {
1933 	char *filename, *cp, thishost[NI_MAXHOST];
1934 	char *pwdir = NULL, *pwname = NULL;
1935 	Key *public;
1936 	struct passwd *pw;
1937 	int i;
1938 	u_int n_ids, n_certs;
1939 	char *identity_files[SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES];
1940 	Key *identity_keys[SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES];
1941 	char *certificate_files[SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES];
1942 	struct sshkey *certificates[SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES];
1943 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1944 	Key **keys;
1945 	int nkeys;
1946 #endif /* PKCS11 */
1947 
1948 	n_ids = n_certs = 0;
1949 	memset(identity_files, 0, sizeof(identity_files));
1950 	memset(identity_keys, 0, sizeof(identity_keys));
1951 	memset(certificate_files, 0, sizeof(certificate_files));
1952 	memset(certificates, 0, sizeof(certificates));
1953 
1954 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1955 	if (options.pkcs11_provider != NULL &&
1956 	    options.num_identity_files < SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES &&
1957 	    (pkcs11_init(!options.batch_mode) == 0) &&
1958 	    (nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(options.pkcs11_provider, NULL,
1959 	    &keys)) > 0) {
1960 		for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1961 			if (n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES) {
1962 				key_free(keys[i]);
1963 				continue;
1964 			}
1965 			identity_keys[n_ids] = keys[i];
1966 			identity_files[n_ids] =
1967 			    xstrdup(options.pkcs11_provider); /* XXX */
1968 			n_ids++;
1969 		}
1970 		free(keys);
1971 	}
1972 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1973 	if ((pw = getpwuid(original_real_uid)) == NULL)
1974 		fatal("load_public_identity_files: getpwuid failed");
1975 	pwname = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
1976 	pwdir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
1977 	if (gethostname(thishost, sizeof(thishost)) == -1)
1978 		fatal("load_public_identity_files: gethostname: %s",
1979 		    strerror(errno));
1980 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_identity_files; i++) {
1981 		if (n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES ||
1982 		    strcasecmp(options.identity_files[i], "none") == 0) {
1983 			free(options.identity_files[i]);
1984 			options.identity_files[i] = NULL;
1985 			continue;
1986 		}
1987 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.identity_files[i],
1988 		    original_real_uid);
1989 		filename = percent_expand(cp, "d", pwdir,
1990 		    "u", pwname, "l", thishost, "h", host,
1991 		    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
1992 		free(cp);
1993 		public = key_load_public(filename, NULL);
1994 		debug("identity file %s type %d", filename,
1995 		    public ? public->type : -1);
1996 		free(options.identity_files[i]);
1997 		identity_files[n_ids] = filename;
1998 		identity_keys[n_ids] = public;
1999 
2000 		if (++n_ids >= SSH_MAX_IDENTITY_FILES)
2001 			continue;
2002 
2003 		/*
2004 		 * If no certificates have been explicitly listed then try
2005 		 * to add the default certificate variant too.
2006 		 */
2007 		if (options.num_certificate_files != 0)
2008 			continue;
2009 		xasprintf(&cp, "%s-cert", filename);
2010 		public = key_load_public(cp, NULL);
2011 		debug("identity file %s type %d", cp,
2012 		    public ? public->type : -1);
2013 		if (public == NULL) {
2014 			free(cp);
2015 			continue;
2016 		}
2017 		if (!key_is_cert(public)) {
2018 			debug("%s: key %s type %s is not a certificate",
2019 			    __func__, cp, key_type(public));
2020 			key_free(public);
2021 			free(cp);
2022 			continue;
2023 		}
2024 		identity_keys[n_ids] = public;
2025 		identity_files[n_ids] = cp;
2026 		n_ids++;
2027 	}
2028 
2029 	if (options.num_certificate_files > SSH_MAX_CERTIFICATE_FILES)
2030 		fatal("%s: too many certificates", __func__);
2031 	for (i = 0; i < options.num_certificate_files; i++) {
2032 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(options.certificate_files[i],
2033 		    original_real_uid);
2034 		filename = percent_expand(cp, "d", pwdir,
2035 		    "u", pwname, "l", thishost, "h", host,
2036 		    "r", options.user, (char *)NULL);
2037 		free(cp);
2038 
2039 		public = key_load_public(filename, NULL);
2040 		debug("certificate file %s type %d", filename,
2041 		    public ? public->type : -1);
2042 		free(options.certificate_files[i]);
2043 		options.certificate_files[i] = NULL;
2044 		if (public == NULL) {
2045 			free(filename);
2046 			continue;
2047 		}
2048 		if (!key_is_cert(public)) {
2049 			debug("%s: key %s type %s is not a certificate",
2050 			    __func__, filename, key_type(public));
2051 			key_free(public);
2052 			free(filename);
2053 			continue;
2054 		}
2055 		certificate_files[n_certs] = filename;
2056 		certificates[n_certs] = public;
2057 		++n_certs;
2058 	}
2059 
2060 	options.num_identity_files = n_ids;
2061 	memcpy(options.identity_files, identity_files, sizeof(identity_files));
2062 	memcpy(options.identity_keys, identity_keys, sizeof(identity_keys));
2063 
2064 	options.num_certificate_files = n_certs;
2065 	memcpy(options.certificate_files,
2066 	    certificate_files, sizeof(certificate_files));
2067 	memcpy(options.certificates, certificates, sizeof(certificates));
2068 
2069 	explicit_bzero(pwname, strlen(pwname));
2070 	free(pwname);
2071 	explicit_bzero(pwdir, strlen(pwdir));
2072 	free(pwdir);
2073 }
2074 
2075 static void
2076 main_sigchld_handler(int sig)
2077 {
2078 	int save_errno = errno;
2079 	pid_t pid;
2080 	int status;
2081 
2082 	while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) > 0 ||
2083 	    (pid < 0 && errno == EINTR))
2084 		;
2085 
2086 	signal(sig, main_sigchld_handler);
2087 	errno = save_errno;
2088 }
2089