xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/ssh-keygen.c (revision 0b7734b3d77bb9b21afec6f4621cae6c805dbd45)
1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.290 2016/05/02 09:36:42 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
5  *                    All rights reserved
6  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
7  *
8  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
9  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
10  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
11  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
12  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
13  */
14 
15 #include <sys/types.h>
16 #include <sys/socket.h>
17 #include <sys/stat.h>
18 
19 #include <openssl/evp.h>
20 #include <openssl/pem.h>
21 
22 #include <errno.h>
23 #include <fcntl.h>
24 #include <netdb.h>
25 #include <pwd.h>
26 #include <stdio.h>
27 #include <stdlib.h>
28 #include <string.h>
29 #include <unistd.h>
30 #include <limits.h>
31 
32 #include "xmalloc.h"
33 #include "sshkey.h"
34 #include "rsa.h"
35 #include "authfile.h"
36 #include "uuencode.h"
37 #include "sshbuf.h"
38 #include "pathnames.h"
39 #include "log.h"
40 #include "misc.h"
41 #include "match.h"
42 #include "hostfile.h"
43 #include "dns.h"
44 #include "ssh.h"
45 #include "ssh2.h"
46 #include "ssherr.h"
47 #include "atomicio.h"
48 #include "krl.h"
49 #include "digest.h"
50 
51 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
52 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
53 #endif
54 
55 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
56 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "rsa"
57 #else
58 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "ed25519"
59 #endif
60 
61 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
62 #define DEFAULT_BITS		2048
63 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA	1024
64 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA	256
65 u_int32_t bits = 0;
66 
67 /*
68  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
69  * set on the command line.
70  */
71 int change_passphrase = 0;
72 
73 /*
74  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
75  * on the command line.
76  */
77 int change_comment = 0;
78 
79 int quiet = 0;
80 
81 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
82 
83 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
84 int hash_hosts = 0;
85 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
86 int find_host = 0;
87 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
88 int delete_host = 0;
89 
90 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
91 int show_cert = 0;
92 
93 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
94 int print_fingerprint = 0;
95 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
96 
97 /* Hash algorithm to use for fingerprints. */
98 int fingerprint_hash = SSH_FP_HASH_DEFAULT;
99 
100 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
101 char identity_file[1024];
102 int have_identity = 0;
103 
104 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
105 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
106 
107 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
108 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
109 
110 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
111 char *identity_comment = NULL;
112 
113 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
114 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
115 
116 /* Certificate serial number */
117 unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
118 
119 /* Key type when certifying */
120 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
121 
122 /* "key ID" of signed key */
123 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
124 
125 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
126 char *cert_principals = NULL;
127 
128 /* Validity period for certificates */
129 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
130 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
131 
132 /* Certificate options */
133 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD	(1)
134 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD	(1<<1)
135 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD	(1<<2)
136 #define CERTOPT_PTY		(1<<3)
137 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC	(1<<4)
138 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT	(CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
139 			 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
140 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
141 char *certflags_command = NULL;
142 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
143 
144 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
145 int convert_to = 0;
146 int convert_from = 0;
147 enum {
148 	FMT_RFC4716,
149 	FMT_PKCS8,
150 	FMT_PEM
151 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
152 int print_public = 0;
153 int print_generic = 0;
154 
155 char *key_type_name = NULL;
156 
157 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
158 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
159 
160 /* Use new OpenSSH private key format when writing SSH2 keys instead of PEM */
161 int use_new_format = 0;
162 
163 /* Cipher for new-format private keys */
164 char *new_format_cipher = NULL;
165 
166 /*
167  * Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys /
168  * number of primality trials when screening moduli.
169  */
170 int rounds = 0;
171 
172 /* argv0 */
173 extern char *__progname;
174 
175 char hostname[NI_MAXHOST];
176 
177 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
178 /* moduli.c */
179 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
180 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
181     unsigned long);
182 #endif
183 
184 static void
185 type_bits_valid(int type, const char *name, u_int32_t *bitsp)
186 {
187 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
188 	u_int maxbits, nid;
189 #endif
190 
191 	if (type == KEY_UNSPEC)
192 		fatal("unknown key type %s", key_type_name);
193 	if (*bitsp == 0) {
194 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
195 		if (type == KEY_DSA)
196 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
197 		else if (type == KEY_ECDSA) {
198 			if (name != NULL &&
199 			    (nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(name)) > 0)
200 				*bitsp = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid);
201 			if (*bitsp == 0)
202 				*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
203 		}
204 		else
205 #endif
206 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
207 	}
208 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
209 	maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
210 	    OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
211 	if (*bitsp > maxbits)
212 		fatal("key bits exceeds maximum %d", maxbits);
213 	if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
214 		fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
215 	else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && type != KEY_ED25519 && *bitsp < 1024)
216 		fatal("Key must at least be 1024 bits");
217 	else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
218 		fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
219 		    "256, 384 or 521 bits");
220 #endif
221 }
222 
223 static void
224 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
225 {
226 	char buf[1024];
227 	char *name = NULL;
228 
229 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
230 		name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
231 	else {
232 		switch (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
233 		case KEY_RSA1:
234 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
235 			break;
236 		case KEY_DSA_CERT:
237 		case KEY_DSA:
238 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
239 			break;
240 		case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
241 		case KEY_ECDSA:
242 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
243 			break;
244 		case KEY_RSA_CERT:
245 		case KEY_RSA:
246 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
247 			break;
248 		case KEY_ED25519:
249 		case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
250 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519;
251 			break;
252 		default:
253 			fatal("bad key type");
254 		}
255 	}
256 	snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file),
257 	    "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
258 	printf("%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
259 	fflush(stdout);
260 	if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
261 		exit(1);
262 	buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
263 	if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
264 		strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
265 	have_identity = 1;
266 }
267 
268 static struct sshkey *
269 load_identity(char *filename)
270 {
271 	char *pass;
272 	struct sshkey *prv;
273 	int r;
274 
275 	if ((r = sshkey_load_private(filename, "", &prv, NULL)) == 0)
276 		return prv;
277 	if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
278 		fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
279 	if (identity_passphrase)
280 		pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
281 	else
282 		pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
283 	r = sshkey_load_private(filename, pass, &prv, NULL);
284 	explicit_bzero(pass, strlen(pass));
285 	free(pass);
286 	if (r != 0)
287 		fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
288 	return prv;
289 }
290 
291 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
292 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END		"---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
293 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
294 #define	SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC	0x3f6ff9eb
295 
296 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
297 static void
298 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *k)
299 {
300 	size_t len;
301 	u_char *blob;
302 	char comment[61];
303 	int r;
304 
305 	if (k->type == KEY_RSA1)
306 		fatal("version 1 keys are not supported");
307 	if ((r = sshkey_to_blob(k, &blob, &len)) != 0)
308 		fatal("key_to_blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
309 	/* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
310 	snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
311 	    "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
312 	    sshkey_size(k), sshkey_type(k),
313 	    pw->pw_name, hostname);
314 
315 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
316 	fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
317 	dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
318 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
319 	sshkey_free(k);
320 	free(blob);
321 	exit(0);
322 }
323 
324 static void
325 do_convert_to_pkcs8(struct sshkey *k)
326 {
327 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
328 	case KEY_RSA1:
329 	case KEY_RSA:
330 		if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
331 			fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
332 		break;
333 	case KEY_DSA:
334 		if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
335 			fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
336 		break;
337 	case KEY_ECDSA:
338 		if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
339 			fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
340 		break;
341 	default:
342 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
343 	}
344 	exit(0);
345 }
346 
347 static void
348 do_convert_to_pem(struct sshkey *k)
349 {
350 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
351 	case KEY_RSA1:
352 	case KEY_RSA:
353 		if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
354 			fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
355 		break;
356 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
357 	case KEY_DSA:
358 		if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
359 			fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
360 		break;
361 #endif
362 	/* XXX ECDSA? */
363 	default:
364 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
365 	}
366 	exit(0);
367 }
368 
369 static void
370 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
371 {
372 	struct sshkey *k;
373 	struct stat st;
374 	int r;
375 
376 	if (!have_identity)
377 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
378 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
379 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
380 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &k, NULL)) != 0)
381 		k = load_identity(identity_file);
382 	switch (convert_format) {
383 	case FMT_RFC4716:
384 		do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
385 		break;
386 	case FMT_PKCS8:
387 		do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
388 		break;
389 	case FMT_PEM:
390 		do_convert_to_pem(k);
391 		break;
392 	default:
393 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
394 	}
395 	exit(0);
396 }
397 
398 /*
399  * This is almost exactly the bignum1 encoding, but with 32 bit for length
400  * instead of 16.
401  */
402 static void
403 buffer_get_bignum_bits(struct sshbuf *b, BIGNUM *value)
404 {
405 	u_int bytes, bignum_bits;
406 	int r;
407 
408 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &bignum_bits)) != 0)
409 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
410 	bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
411 	if (sshbuf_len(b) < bytes)
412 		fatal("%s: input buffer too small: need %d have %zu",
413 		    __func__, bytes, sshbuf_len(b));
414 	if (BN_bin2bn(sshbuf_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
415 		fatal("%s: BN_bin2bn failed", __func__);
416 	if ((r = sshbuf_consume(b, bytes)) != 0)
417 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
418 }
419 
420 static struct sshkey *
421 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
422 {
423 	struct sshbuf *b;
424 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
425 	char *type, *cipher;
426 	u_char e1, e2, e3, *sig = NULL, data[] = "abcde12345";
427 	int r, rlen, ktype;
428 	u_int magic, i1, i2, i3, i4;
429 	size_t slen;
430 	u_long e;
431 
432 	if ((b = sshbuf_from(blob, blen)) == NULL)
433 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_from failed", __func__);
434 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &magic)) != 0)
435 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
436 
437 	if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
438 		error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic,
439 		    SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
440 		sshbuf_free(b);
441 		return NULL;
442 	}
443 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i1)) != 0 ||
444 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &type, NULL)) != 0 ||
445 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &cipher, NULL)) != 0 ||
446 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i2)) != 0 ||
447 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i3)) != 0 ||
448 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i4)) != 0)
449 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
450 	debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
451 	if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
452 		error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
453 		free(cipher);
454 		sshbuf_free(b);
455 		free(type);
456 		return NULL;
457 	}
458 	free(cipher);
459 
460 	if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
461 		ktype = KEY_DSA;
462 	} else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
463 		ktype = KEY_RSA;
464 	} else {
465 		sshbuf_free(b);
466 		free(type);
467 		return NULL;
468 	}
469 	if ((key = sshkey_new_private(ktype)) == NULL)
470 		fatal("key_new_private failed");
471 	free(type);
472 
473 	switch (key->type) {
474 	case KEY_DSA:
475 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->p);
476 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->g);
477 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->q);
478 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->pub_key);
479 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->priv_key);
480 		break;
481 	case KEY_RSA:
482 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e1)) != 0 ||
483 		    (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e2)) != 0) ||
484 		    (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e3)) != 0))
485 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
486 		e = e1;
487 		debug("e %lx", e);
488 		if (e < 30) {
489 			e <<= 8;
490 			e += e2;
491 			debug("e %lx", e);
492 			e <<= 8;
493 			e += e3;
494 			debug("e %lx", e);
495 		}
496 		if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
497 			sshbuf_free(b);
498 			sshkey_free(key);
499 			return NULL;
500 		}
501 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->d);
502 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->n);
503 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->iqmp);
504 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->q);
505 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->p);
506 		if ((r = rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa)) != 0)
507 			fatal("generate RSA parameters failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
508 		break;
509 	}
510 	rlen = sshbuf_len(b);
511 	if (rlen != 0)
512 		error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
513 		    "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
514 	sshbuf_free(b);
515 
516 	/* try the key */
517 	if (sshkey_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data), NULL, 0) != 0 ||
518 	    sshkey_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data), 0) != 0) {
519 		sshkey_free(key);
520 		free(sig);
521 		return NULL;
522 	}
523 	free(sig);
524 	return key;
525 }
526 
527 static int
528 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
529 {
530 	int c;
531 	size_t pos = 0;
532 
533 	line[0] = '\0';
534 	while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
535 		if (pos >= len - 1)
536 			fatal("input line too long.");
537 		switch (c) {
538 		case '\r':
539 			c = fgetc(fp);
540 			if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF)
541 				fatal("unget: %s", strerror(errno));
542 			return pos;
543 		case '\n':
544 			return pos;
545 		}
546 		line[pos++] = c;
547 		line[pos] = '\0';
548 	}
549 	/* We reached EOF */
550 	return -1;
551 }
552 
553 static void
554 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey **k, int *private)
555 {
556 	int r, blen, escaped = 0;
557 	u_int len;
558 	char line[1024];
559 	u_char blob[8096];
560 	char encoded[8096];
561 	FILE *fp;
562 
563 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
564 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
565 	encoded[0] = '\0';
566 	while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
567 		if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\')
568 			escaped++;
569 		if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
570 		    strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
571 			if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
572 				*private = 1;
573 			if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
574 				break;
575 			}
576 			/* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
577 			continue;
578 		}
579 		if (escaped) {
580 			escaped--;
581 			/* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
582 			continue;
583 		}
584 		strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
585 	}
586 	len = strlen(encoded);
587 	if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
588 	    (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
589 	    (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
590 	    (encoded[len-3] == '='))
591 		encoded[len-3] = '\0';
592 	blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
593 	if (blen < 0)
594 		fatal("uudecode failed.");
595 	if (*private)
596 		*k = do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen);
597 	else if ((r = sshkey_from_blob(blob, blen, k)) != 0)
598 		fatal("decode blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
599 	fclose(fp);
600 }
601 
602 static void
603 do_convert_from_pkcs8(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
604 {
605 	EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
606 	FILE *fp;
607 
608 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
609 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
610 	if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
611 		fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
612 		    identity_file);
613 	}
614 	fclose(fp);
615 	switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
616 	case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
617 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
618 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
619 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
620 		(*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
621 		break;
622 	case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
623 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
624 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
625 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
626 		(*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
627 		break;
628 	case EVP_PKEY_EC:
629 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
630 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
631 		(*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
632 		(*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
633 		(*k)->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
634 		break;
635 	default:
636 		fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
637 		    EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
638 	}
639 	EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
640 	return;
641 }
642 
643 static void
644 do_convert_from_pem(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
645 {
646 	FILE *fp;
647 	RSA *rsa;
648 #ifdef notyet
649 	DSA *dsa;
650 #endif
651 
652 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
653 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
654 	if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
655 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
656 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
657 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
658 		(*k)->rsa = rsa;
659 		fclose(fp);
660 		return;
661 	}
662 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
663 	rewind(fp);
664 	if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
665 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
666 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
667 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
668 		(*k)->dsa = dsa;
669 		fclose(fp);
670 		return;
671 	}
672 	/* XXX ECDSA */
673 #endif
674 	fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
675 }
676 
677 static void
678 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
679 {
680 	struct sshkey *k = NULL;
681 	int r, private = 0, ok = 0;
682 	struct stat st;
683 
684 	if (!have_identity)
685 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
686 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
687 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
688 
689 	switch (convert_format) {
690 	case FMT_RFC4716:
691 		do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
692 		break;
693 	case FMT_PKCS8:
694 		do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
695 		break;
696 	case FMT_PEM:
697 		do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
698 		break;
699 	default:
700 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
701 	}
702 
703 	if (!private) {
704 		if ((r = sshkey_write(k, stdout)) == 0)
705 			ok = 1;
706 		if (ok)
707 			fprintf(stdout, "\n");
708 	} else {
709 		switch (k->type) {
710 		case KEY_DSA:
711 			ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
712 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
713 			break;
714 		case KEY_ECDSA:
715 			ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
716 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
717 			break;
718 		case KEY_RSA:
719 			ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
720 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
721 			break;
722 		default:
723 			fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
724 			    sshkey_type(k));
725 		}
726 	}
727 
728 	if (!ok)
729 		fatal("key write failed");
730 	sshkey_free(k);
731 	exit(0);
732 }
733 #endif
734 
735 static void
736 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
737 {
738 	struct sshkey *prv;
739 	struct stat st;
740 	int r;
741 
742 	if (!have_identity)
743 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
744 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
745 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
746 	prv = load_identity(identity_file);
747 	if ((r = sshkey_write(prv, stdout)) != 0)
748 		error("key_write failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
749 	sshkey_free(prv);
750 	fprintf(stdout, "\n");
751 	exit(0);
752 }
753 
754 static void
755 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
756 {
757 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
758 	struct sshkey **keys = NULL;
759 	int i, nkeys;
760 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
761 	int fptype;
762 	char *fp, *ra;
763 
764 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
765 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
766 
767 	pkcs11_init(0);
768 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
769 	if (nkeys <= 0)
770 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
771 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
772 		if (print_fingerprint) {
773 			fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
774 			ra = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fingerprint_hash,
775 			    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
776 			if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
777 				fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
778 			printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", sshkey_size(keys[i]),
779 			    fp, sshkey_type(keys[i]));
780 			if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
781 				printf("%s\n", ra);
782 			free(ra);
783 			free(fp);
784 		} else {
785 			(void) sshkey_write(keys[i], stdout); /* XXX check */
786 			fprintf(stdout, "\n");
787 		}
788 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
789 	}
790 	free(keys);
791 	pkcs11_terminate();
792 	exit(0);
793 #else
794 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
795 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
796 }
797 
798 static struct sshkey *
799 try_read_key(char **cpp)
800 {
801 	struct sshkey *ret;
802 	int r;
803 
804 	if ((ret = sshkey_new(KEY_RSA1)) == NULL)
805 		fatal("sshkey_new failed");
806 	/* Try RSA1 */
807 	if ((r = sshkey_read(ret, cpp)) == 0)
808 		return ret;
809 	/* Try modern */
810 	sshkey_free(ret);
811 	if ((ret = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
812 		fatal("sshkey_new failed");
813 	if ((r = sshkey_read(ret, cpp)) == 0)
814 		return ret;
815 	/* Not a key */
816 	sshkey_free(ret);
817 	return NULL;
818 }
819 
820 static void
821 fingerprint_one_key(const struct sshkey *public, const char *comment)
822 {
823 	char *fp = NULL, *ra = NULL;
824 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
825 	int fptype;
826 
827 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
828 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
829 	fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
830 	ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
831 	if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
832 		fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed", __func__);
833 	printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp,
834 	    comment ? comment : "no comment", sshkey_type(public));
835 	if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
836 		printf("%s\n", ra);
837 	free(ra);
838 	free(fp);
839 }
840 
841 static void
842 fingerprint_private(const char *path)
843 {
844 	struct stat st;
845 	char *comment = NULL;
846 	struct sshkey *public = NULL;
847 	int r;
848 
849 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
850 		fatal("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
851 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, &comment)) != 0) {
852 		debug("load public \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
853 		if ((r = sshkey_load_private(path, NULL,
854 		    &public, &comment)) != 0) {
855 			debug("load private \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
856 			fatal("%s is not a key file.", path);
857 		}
858 	}
859 
860 	fingerprint_one_key(public, comment);
861 	sshkey_free(public);
862 	free(comment);
863 }
864 
865 static void
866 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
867 {
868 	FILE *f;
869 	struct sshkey *public = NULL;
870 	char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
871 	int i, invalid = 1;
872 	const char *path;
873 	u_long lnum = 0;
874 
875 	if (!have_identity)
876 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
877 	path = identity_file;
878 
879 	if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") == 0) {
880 		f = stdin;
881 		path = "(stdin)";
882 	} else if ((f = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
883 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, path, strerror(errno));
884 
885 	while (read_keyfile_line(f, path, line, sizeof(line), &lnum) == 0) {
886 		cp = line;
887 		cp[strcspn(cp, "\n")] = '\0';
888 		/* Trim leading space and comments */
889 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
890 		if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
891 			continue;
892 
893 		/*
894 		 * Input may be plain keys, private keys, authorized_keys
895 		 * or known_hosts.
896 		 */
897 
898 		/*
899 		 * Try private keys first. Assume a key is private if
900 		 * "SSH PRIVATE KEY" appears on the first line and we're
901 		 * not reading from stdin (XXX support private keys on stdin).
902 		 */
903 		if (lnum == 1 && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 &&
904 		    strstr(cp, "PRIVATE KEY") != NULL) {
905 			fclose(f);
906 			fingerprint_private(path);
907 			exit(0);
908 		}
909 
910 		/*
911 		 * If it's not a private key, then this must be prepared to
912 		 * accept a public key prefixed with a hostname or options.
913 		 * Try a bare key first, otherwise skip the leading stuff.
914 		 */
915 		if ((public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
916 			i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
917 			if (i == 0 || ep == NULL ||
918 			    (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
919 				int quoted = 0;
920 
921 				comment = cp;
922 				for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
923 				    *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
924 					if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
925 						cp++;	/* Skip both */
926 					else if (*cp == '"')
927 						quoted = !quoted;
928 				}
929 				if (!*cp)
930 					continue;
931 				*cp++ = '\0';
932 			}
933 		}
934 		/* Retry after parsing leading hostname/key options */
935 		if (public == NULL && (public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
936 			debug("%s:%lu: not a public key", path, lnum);
937 			continue;
938 		}
939 
940 		/* Find trailing comment, if any */
941 		for (; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
942 			;
943 		if (*cp != '\0' && *cp != '#')
944 			comment = cp;
945 
946 		fingerprint_one_key(public, comment);
947 		sshkey_free(public);
948 		invalid = 0; /* One good key in the file is sufficient */
949 	}
950 	fclose(f);
951 
952 	if (invalid)
953 		fatal("%s is not a public key file.", path);
954 	exit(0);
955 }
956 
957 static void
958 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
959 {
960 	struct {
961 		char *key_type;
962 		char *key_type_display;
963 		char *path;
964 	} key_types[] = {
965 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
966 #ifdef WITH_SSH1
967 		{ "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
968 #endif /* WITH_SSH1 */
969 		{ "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
970 		{ "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
971 		{ "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
972 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
973 		{ "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE },
974 		{ NULL, NULL, NULL }
975 	};
976 
977 	int first = 0;
978 	struct stat st;
979 	struct sshkey *private, *public;
980 	char comment[1024];
981 	int i, type, fd, r;
982 	FILE *f;
983 
984 	for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
985 		if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
986 			continue;
987 		if (errno != ENOENT) {
988 			error("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
989 			    strerror(errno));
990 			first = 0;
991 			continue;
992 		}
993 
994 		if (first == 0) {
995 			first = 1;
996 			printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
997 		}
998 		printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
999 		fflush(stdout);
1000 		type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
1001 		strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
1002 		bits = 0;
1003 		type_bits_valid(type, NULL, &bits);
1004 		if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) {
1005 			error("key_generate failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1006 			first = 0;
1007 			continue;
1008 		}
1009 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1010 			fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1011 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
1012 		    hostname);
1013 		if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, "",
1014 		    comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1015 			error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1016 			    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1017 			sshkey_free(private);
1018 			sshkey_free(public);
1019 			first = 0;
1020 			continue;
1021 		}
1022 		sshkey_free(private);
1023 		strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1024 		fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1025 		if (fd == -1) {
1026 			error("Could not save your public key in %s",
1027 			    identity_file);
1028 			sshkey_free(public);
1029 			first = 0;
1030 			continue;
1031 		}
1032 		f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1033 		if (f == NULL) {
1034 			error("fdopen %s failed", identity_file);
1035 			close(fd);
1036 			sshkey_free(public);
1037 			first = 0;
1038 			continue;
1039 		}
1040 		if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0) {
1041 			error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1042 			fclose(f);
1043 			sshkey_free(public);
1044 			first = 0;
1045 			continue;
1046 		}
1047 		fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1048 		fclose(f);
1049 		sshkey_free(public);
1050 
1051 	}
1052 	if (first != 0)
1053 		printf("\n");
1054 }
1055 
1056 struct known_hosts_ctx {
1057 	const char *host;	/* Hostname searched for in find/delete case */
1058 	FILE *out;		/* Output file, stdout for find_hosts case */
1059 	int has_unhashed;	/* When hashing, original had unhashed hosts */
1060 	int found_key;		/* For find/delete, host was found */
1061 	int invalid;		/* File contained invalid items; don't delete */
1062 };
1063 
1064 static int
1065 known_hosts_hash(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1066 {
1067 	struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1068 	char *hashed, *cp, *hosts, *ohosts;
1069 	int has_wild = l->hosts && strcspn(l->hosts, "*?!") != strlen(l->hosts);
1070 
1071 	switch (l->status) {
1072 	case HKF_STATUS_OK:
1073 	case HKF_STATUS_MATCHED:
1074 		/*
1075 		 * Don't hash hosts already already hashed, with wildcard
1076 		 * characters or a CA/revocation marker.
1077 		 */
1078 		if ((l->match & HKF_MATCH_HOST_HASHED) != 0 ||
1079 		    has_wild || l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1080 			fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1081 			if (has_wild && !find_host) {
1082 				logit("%s:%ld: ignoring host name "
1083 				    "with wildcard: %.64s", l->path,
1084 				    l->linenum, l->hosts);
1085 			}
1086 			return 0;
1087 		}
1088 		/*
1089 		 * Split any comma-separated hostnames from the host list,
1090 		 * hash and store separately.
1091 		 */
1092 		ohosts = hosts = xstrdup(l->hosts);
1093 		while ((cp = strsep(&hosts, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0') {
1094 			if ((hashed = host_hash(cp, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
1095 				fatal("hash_host failed");
1096 			fprintf(ctx->out, "%s %s\n", hashed, l->rawkey);
1097 			ctx->has_unhashed = 1;
1098 		}
1099 		free(ohosts);
1100 		return 0;
1101 	case HKF_STATUS_INVALID:
1102 		/* Retain invalid lines, but mark file as invalid. */
1103 		ctx->invalid = 1;
1104 		logit("%s:%ld: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1105 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
1106 	default:
1107 		fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1108 		return 0;
1109 	}
1110 	/* NOTREACHED */
1111 	return -1;
1112 }
1113 
1114 static int
1115 known_hosts_find_delete(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1116 {
1117 	struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1118 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
1119 	int fptype;
1120 	char *fp;
1121 
1122 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
1123 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
1124 
1125 	if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_MATCHED) {
1126 		if (delete_host) {
1127 			if (l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1128 				/* Don't remove CA and revocation lines */
1129 				fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1130 			} else {
1131 				/*
1132 				 * Hostname matches and has no CA/revoke
1133 				 * marker, delete it by *not* writing the
1134 				 * line to ctx->out.
1135 				 */
1136 				ctx->found_key = 1;
1137 				if (!quiet)
1138 					printf("# Host %s found: line %ld\n",
1139 					    ctx->host, l->linenum);
1140 			}
1141 			return 0;
1142 		} else if (find_host) {
1143 			ctx->found_key = 1;
1144 			if (!quiet) {
1145 				printf("# Host %s found: line %ld %s\n",
1146 				    ctx->host,
1147 				    l->linenum, l->marker == MRK_CA ? "CA" :
1148 				    (l->marker == MRK_REVOKE ? "REVOKED" : ""));
1149 			}
1150 			if (hash_hosts)
1151 				known_hosts_hash(l, ctx);
1152 			else if (print_fingerprint) {
1153 				fp = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key, fptype, rep);
1154 				printf("%s %s %s %s\n", ctx->host,
1155 				    sshkey_type(l->key), fp, l->comment);
1156 				free(fp);
1157 			} else
1158 				fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1159 			return 0;
1160 		}
1161 	} else if (delete_host) {
1162 		/* Retain non-matching hosts when deleting */
1163 		if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_INVALID) {
1164 			ctx->invalid = 1;
1165 			logit("%s:%ld: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1166 		}
1167 		fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1168 	}
1169 	return 0;
1170 }
1171 
1172 static void
1173 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
1174 {
1175 	char *cp, tmp[PATH_MAX], old[PATH_MAX];
1176 	int r, fd, oerrno, inplace = 0;
1177 	struct known_hosts_ctx ctx;
1178 	u_int foreach_options;
1179 
1180 	if (!have_identity) {
1181 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1182 		if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1183 		    sizeof(identity_file))
1184 			fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1185 		free(cp);
1186 		have_identity = 1;
1187 	}
1188 
1189 	memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
1190 	ctx.out = stdout;
1191 	ctx.host = name;
1192 
1193 	/*
1194 	 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1195 	 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1196 	 */
1197 	if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1198 		if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1199 		    strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1200 		    strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1201 		    strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1202 			fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1203 		umask(077);
1204 		if ((fd = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1205 			fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1206 		if ((ctx.out = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) {
1207 			oerrno = errno;
1208 			unlink(tmp);
1209 			fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(oerrno));
1210 		}
1211 		inplace = 1;
1212 	}
1213 
1214 	/* XXX support identity_file == "-" for stdin */
1215 	foreach_options = find_host ? HKF_WANT_MATCH : 0;
1216 	foreach_options |= print_fingerprint ? HKF_WANT_PARSE_KEY : 0;
1217 	if ((r = hostkeys_foreach(identity_file,
1218 	    hash_hosts ? known_hosts_hash : known_hosts_find_delete, &ctx,
1219 	    name, NULL, foreach_options)) != 0) {
1220 		if (inplace)
1221 			unlink(tmp);
1222 		fatal("%s: hostkeys_foreach failed: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1223 	}
1224 
1225 	if (inplace)
1226 		fclose(ctx.out);
1227 
1228 	if (ctx.invalid) {
1229 		error("%s is not a valid known_hosts file.", identity_file);
1230 		if (inplace) {
1231 			error("Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1232 			    "file because of errors");
1233 			unlink(tmp);
1234 		}
1235 		exit(1);
1236 	} else if (delete_host && !ctx.found_key) {
1237 		logit("Host %s not found in %s", name, identity_file);
1238 		if (inplace)
1239 			unlink(tmp);
1240 	} else if (inplace) {
1241 		/* Backup existing file */
1242 		if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1243 			fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1244 		if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1245 			fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1246 			    strerror(errno));
1247 		/* Move new one into place */
1248 		if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1249 			error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1250 			    strerror(errno));
1251 			unlink(tmp);
1252 			unlink(old);
1253 			exit(1);
1254 		}
1255 
1256 		printf("%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1257 		printf("Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1258 		if (ctx.has_unhashed) {
1259 			logit("WARNING: %s contains unhashed entries", old);
1260 			logit("Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1261 			    "of hostnames");
1262 		}
1263 	}
1264 
1265 	exit (find_host && !ctx.found_key);
1266 }
1267 
1268 /*
1269  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1270  * for the current user.
1271  */
1272 static void
1273 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1274 {
1275 	char *comment;
1276 	char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1277 	struct stat st;
1278 	struct sshkey *private;
1279 	int r;
1280 
1281 	if (!have_identity)
1282 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1283 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1284 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1285 	/* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1286 	r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "", &private, &comment);
1287 	if (r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) {
1288 		if (identity_passphrase)
1289 			old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1290 		else
1291 			old_passphrase =
1292 			    read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1293 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1294 		r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1295 		    &private, &comment);
1296 		explicit_bzero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase));
1297 		free(old_passphrase);
1298 		if (r != 0)
1299 			goto badkey;
1300 	} else if (r != 0) {
1301  badkey:
1302 		fatal("Failed to load key %s: %s", identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1303 	}
1304 	if (comment)
1305 		printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1306 
1307 	/* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1308 	if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1309 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1310 		passphrase2 = NULL;
1311 	} else {
1312 		passphrase1 =
1313 			read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1314 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1315 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1316 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1317 
1318 		/* Verify that they are the same. */
1319 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1320 			explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1321 			explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1322 			free(passphrase1);
1323 			free(passphrase2);
1324 			printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1325 			exit(1);
1326 		}
1327 		/* Destroy the other copy. */
1328 		explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1329 		free(passphrase2);
1330 	}
1331 
1332 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1333 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
1334 	    comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1335 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s.",
1336 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1337 		explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1338 		free(passphrase1);
1339 		sshkey_free(private);
1340 		free(comment);
1341 		exit(1);
1342 	}
1343 	/* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1344 	explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1345 	free(passphrase1);
1346 	sshkey_free(private);		 /* Destroys contents */
1347 	free(comment);
1348 
1349 	printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1350 	exit(0);
1351 }
1352 
1353 /*
1354  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1355  */
1356 static int
1357 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1358 {
1359 	struct sshkey *public;
1360 	char *comment = NULL;
1361 	struct stat st;
1362 	int r;
1363 
1364 	if (fname == NULL)
1365 		fatal("%s: no filename", __func__);
1366 	if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1367 		if (errno == ENOENT)
1368 			return 0;
1369 		fatal("%s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1370 	}
1371 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(fname, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1372 		fatal("Failed to read v2 public key from \"%s\": %s.",
1373 		    fname, ssh_err(r));
1374 	export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1375 	sshkey_free(public);
1376 	free(comment);
1377 	return 1;
1378 }
1379 
1380 /*
1381  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1382  */
1383 static void
1384 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1385 {
1386 	char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1387 	struct sshkey *private;
1388 	struct sshkey *public;
1389 	struct stat st;
1390 	FILE *f;
1391 	int r, fd;
1392 
1393 	if (!have_identity)
1394 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1395 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1396 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1397 	if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "",
1398 	    &private, &comment)) == 0)
1399 		passphrase = xstrdup("");
1400 	else if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
1401 		fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1402 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1403 	else {
1404 		if (identity_passphrase)
1405 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1406 		else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1407 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1408 		else
1409 			passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1410 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1411 		/* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1412 		if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, passphrase,
1413 		    &private, &comment)) != 0) {
1414 			explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1415 			free(passphrase);
1416 			fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1417 			    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1418 		}
1419 	}
1420 
1421 	if (private->type != KEY_RSA1 && private->type != KEY_ED25519 &&
1422 	    !use_new_format) {
1423 		error("Comments are only supported for RSA1 or keys stored in "
1424 		    "the new format (-o).");
1425 		explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1426 		sshkey_free(private);
1427 		exit(1);
1428 	}
1429 	printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1430 
1431 	if (identity_comment) {
1432 		strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1433 	} else {
1434 		printf("Enter new comment: ");
1435 		fflush(stdout);
1436 		if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1437 			explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1438 			sshkey_free(private);
1439 			exit(1);
1440 		}
1441 		new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1442 	}
1443 
1444 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1445 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
1446 	    new_comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1447 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1448 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1449 		explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1450 		free(passphrase);
1451 		sshkey_free(private);
1452 		free(comment);
1453 		exit(1);
1454 	}
1455 	explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1456 	free(passphrase);
1457 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1458 		fatal("key_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1459 	sshkey_free(private);
1460 
1461 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1462 	fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1463 	if (fd == -1)
1464 		fatal("Could not save your public key in %s", identity_file);
1465 	f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1466 	if (f == NULL)
1467 		fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1468 	if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1469 		fatal("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1470 	sshkey_free(public);
1471 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1472 	fclose(f);
1473 
1474 	free(comment);
1475 
1476 	printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1477 	exit(0);
1478 }
1479 
1480 static void
1481 add_flag_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name)
1482 {
1483 	int r;
1484 
1485 	debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1486 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1487 	    (r = sshbuf_put_string(c, NULL, 0)) != 0)
1488 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1489 }
1490 
1491 static void
1492 add_string_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1493 {
1494 	struct sshbuf *b;
1495 	int r;
1496 
1497 	debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1498 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1499 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1500 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, value)) != 0 ||
1501 	    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1502 	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(c, b)) != 0)
1503 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1504 
1505 	sshbuf_free(b);
1506 }
1507 
1508 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL	1
1509 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS	2
1510 static void
1511 prepare_options_buf(struct sshbuf *c, int which)
1512 {
1513 	sshbuf_reset(c);
1514 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1515 	    certflags_command != NULL)
1516 		add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1517 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1518 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1519 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1520 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1521 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1522 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1523 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1524 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1525 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1526 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1527 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1528 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1529 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1530 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1531 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1532 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1533 	    certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1534 		add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1535 }
1536 
1537 static struct sshkey *
1538 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1539 {
1540 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1541 	struct sshkey **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1542 	int r, i, nkeys;
1543 
1544 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, NULL)) != 0)
1545 		fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\": %s",
1546 		    path, ssh_err(r));
1547 
1548 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1549 	debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1550 	if (nkeys <= 0)
1551 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1552 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1553 		if (sshkey_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1554 			private = keys[i];
1555 			continue;
1556 		}
1557 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
1558 	}
1559 	free(keys);
1560 	sshkey_free(public);
1561 	return private;
1562 #else
1563 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1564 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1565 }
1566 
1567 static void
1568 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1569 {
1570 	int r, i, fd;
1571 	u_int n;
1572 	struct sshkey *ca, *public;
1573 	char valid[64], *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1574 	FILE *f;
1575 
1576 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1577 	pkcs11_init(1);
1578 #endif
1579 	tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1580 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1581 		if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1582 			fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1583 	} else
1584 		ca = load_identity(tmp);
1585 	free(tmp);
1586 
1587 	if (key_type_name != NULL &&
1588 	    sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name) != ca->type)  {
1589 		fatal("CA key type %s doesn't match specified %s",
1590 		    sshkey_ssh_name(ca), key_type_name);
1591 	}
1592 
1593 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1594 		/* Split list of principals */
1595 		n = 0;
1596 		if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1597 			otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1598 			plist = NULL;
1599 			for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1600 				plist = xreallocarray(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1601 				if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1602 					fatal("Empty principal name");
1603 			}
1604 			free(otmp);
1605 		}
1606 
1607 		tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1608 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1609 			fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\": %s",
1610 			    __func__, tmp, ssh_err(r));
1611 		if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1612 		    public->type != KEY_ECDSA && public->type != KEY_ED25519)
1613 			fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1614 			    __func__, tmp, sshkey_type(public));
1615 
1616 		/* Prepare certificate to sign */
1617 		if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(public)) != 0)
1618 			fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate: %s",
1619 			    tmp, ssh_err(r));
1620 		public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1621 		public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1622 		public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1623 		public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1624 		public->cert->principals = plist;
1625 		public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1626 		public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1627 		prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical, OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1628 		prepare_options_buf(public->cert->extensions,
1629 		    OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1630 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(ca,
1631 		    &public->cert->signature_key)) != 0)
1632 			fatal("key_from_private (ca key): %s", ssh_err(r));
1633 
1634 		if ((r = sshkey_certify(public, ca, key_type_name)) != 0)
1635 			fatal("Couldn't certify key %s: %s", tmp, ssh_err(r));
1636 
1637 		if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1638 			*cp = '\0';
1639 		xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1640 		free(tmp);
1641 
1642 		if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1643 			fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1644 			    strerror(errno));
1645 		if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1646 			fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1647 		if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1648 			fatal("Could not write certified key to %s: %s",
1649 			    out, ssh_err(r));
1650 		fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1651 		fclose(f);
1652 
1653 		if (!quiet) {
1654 			sshkey_format_cert_validity(public->cert,
1655 			    valid, sizeof(valid));
1656 			logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1657 			    "valid %s", sshkey_cert_type(public),
1658 			    out, public->cert->key_id,
1659 			    (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1660 			    cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1661 			    cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1662 			    valid);
1663 		}
1664 
1665 		sshkey_free(public);
1666 		free(out);
1667 	}
1668 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1669 	pkcs11_terminate();
1670 #endif
1671 	exit(0);
1672 }
1673 
1674 static u_int64_t
1675 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1676 {
1677 	int64_t mul, secs;
1678 
1679 	mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1680 
1681 	if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1682 		fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1683 	if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1684 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1685 	return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1686 }
1687 
1688 static u_int64_t
1689 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1690 {
1691 	struct tm tm;
1692 	time_t tt;
1693 	char buf[32], *fmt;
1694 
1695 	/*
1696 	 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1697 	 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1698 	 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1699 	 */
1700 	switch (strlen(s)) {
1701 	case 8:
1702 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1703 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1704 		break;
1705 	case 14:
1706 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1707 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1708 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1709 		break;
1710 	default:
1711 		fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1712 	}
1713 
1714 	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
1715 	if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1716 		fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1717 	if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1718 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1719 	return (u_int64_t)tt;
1720 }
1721 
1722 static void
1723 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1724 {
1725 	char *from, *to;
1726 	time_t now = time(NULL);
1727 	int64_t secs;
1728 
1729 	/* +timespec relative to now */
1730 	if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1731 		if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1732 			fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1733 		cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1734 		/*
1735 		 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1736 		 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1737 		 */
1738 		cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1739 		return;
1740 	}
1741 
1742 	/*
1743 	 * from:to, where
1744 	 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1745 	 *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1746 	 */
1747 	from = xstrdup(timespec);
1748 	to = strchr(from, ':');
1749 	if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1750 		fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1751 	*to++ = '\0';
1752 
1753 	if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1754 		cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1755 	else
1756 		cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1757 
1758 	if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1759 		cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now);
1760 	else
1761 		cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1762 
1763 	if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1764 		fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1765 	free(from);
1766 }
1767 
1768 static void
1769 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1770 {
1771 	char *val;
1772 
1773 	if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1774 		certflags_flags = 0;
1775 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1776 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1777 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1778 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1779 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1780 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1781 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1782 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1783 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1784 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1785 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1786 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1787 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1788 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1789 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1790 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1791 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1792 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1793 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1794 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1795 	else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1796 		val = opt + 14;
1797 		if (*val == '\0')
1798 			fatal("Empty force-command option");
1799 		if (certflags_command != NULL)
1800 			fatal("force-command already specified");
1801 		certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1802 	} else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1803 		val = opt + 15;
1804 		if (*val == '\0')
1805 			fatal("Empty source-address option");
1806 		if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1807 			fatal("source-address already specified");
1808 		if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1809 			fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1810 		certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1811 	} else
1812 		fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1813 }
1814 
1815 static void
1816 show_options(struct sshbuf *optbuf, int in_critical)
1817 {
1818 	char *name, *arg;
1819 	struct sshbuf *options, *option = NULL;
1820 	int r;
1821 
1822 	if ((options = sshbuf_fromb(optbuf)) == NULL)
1823 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_fromb failed", __func__);
1824 	while (sshbuf_len(options) != 0) {
1825 		sshbuf_free(option);
1826 		option = NULL;
1827 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(options, &name, NULL)) != 0 ||
1828 		    (r = sshbuf_froms(options, &option)) != 0)
1829 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1830 		printf("                %s", name);
1831 		if (!in_critical &&
1832 		    (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1833 		    strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1834 		    strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1835 		    strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1836 		    strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1837 			printf("\n");
1838 		else if (in_critical &&
1839 		    (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1840 		    strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1841 			if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(option, &arg, NULL)) != 0)
1842 				fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
1843 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1844 			printf(" %s\n", arg);
1845 			free(arg);
1846 		} else {
1847 			printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %zu)\n",
1848 			    sshbuf_len(option));
1849 			sshbuf_reset(option);
1850 		}
1851 		free(name);
1852 		if (sshbuf_len(option) != 0)
1853 			fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1854 	}
1855 	sshbuf_free(option);
1856 	sshbuf_free(options);
1857 }
1858 
1859 static void
1860 print_cert(struct sshkey *key)
1861 {
1862 	char valid[64], *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1863 	u_int i;
1864 
1865 	key_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1866 	ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1867 	    fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1868 	if (key_fp == NULL || ca_fp == NULL)
1869 		fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
1870 	sshkey_format_cert_validity(key->cert, valid, sizeof(valid));
1871 
1872 	printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", sshkey_ssh_name(key),
1873 	    sshkey_cert_type(key));
1874 	printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", sshkey_type(key), key_fp);
1875 	printf("        Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1876 	    sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1877 	printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1878 	printf("        Serial: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1879 	printf("        Valid: %s\n", valid);
1880 	printf("        Principals: ");
1881 	if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1882 		printf("(none)\n");
1883 	else {
1884 		for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1885 			printf("\n                %s",
1886 			    key->cert->principals[i]);
1887 		printf("\n");
1888 	}
1889 	printf("        Critical Options: ");
1890 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) == 0)
1891 		printf("(none)\n");
1892 	else {
1893 		printf("\n");
1894 		show_options(key->cert->critical, 1);
1895 	}
1896 	printf("        Extensions: ");
1897 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1898 		printf("(none)\n");
1899 	else {
1900 		printf("\n");
1901 		show_options(key->cert->extensions, 0);
1902 	}
1903 }
1904 
1905 static void
1906 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1907 {
1908 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
1909 	struct stat st;
1910 	int r, is_stdin = 0, ok = 0;
1911 	FILE *f;
1912 	char *cp, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
1913 	const char *path;
1914 	u_long lnum = 0;
1915 
1916 	if (!have_identity)
1917 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1918 	if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 && stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1919 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1920 
1921 	path = identity_file;
1922 	if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
1923 		f = stdin;
1924 		path = "(stdin)";
1925 		is_stdin = 1;
1926 	} else if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
1927 		fatal("fopen %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1928 
1929 	while (read_keyfile_line(f, path, line, sizeof(line), &lnum) == 0) {
1930 		sshkey_free(key);
1931 		key = NULL;
1932 		/* Trim leading space and comments */
1933 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
1934 		if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
1935 			continue;
1936 		if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
1937 			fatal("key_new");
1938 		if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0) {
1939 			error("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s", path,
1940 			    lnum, ssh_err(r));
1941 			continue;
1942 		}
1943 		if (!sshkey_is_cert(key)) {
1944 			error("%s:%lu is not a certificate", path, lnum);
1945 			continue;
1946 		}
1947 		ok = 1;
1948 		if (!is_stdin && lnum == 1)
1949 			printf("%s:\n", path);
1950 		else
1951 			printf("%s:%lu:\n", path, lnum);
1952 		print_cert(key);
1953 	}
1954 	sshkey_free(key);
1955 	fclose(f);
1956 	exit(ok ? 0 : 1);
1957 }
1958 
1959 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1960 static void
1961 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
1962 {
1963 	struct sshbuf *krlbuf;
1964 	int r, fd;
1965 
1966 	if ((krlbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1967 		fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
1968 	if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
1969 		fatal("open %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1970 	if ((r = sshkey_load_file(fd, krlbuf)) != 0)
1971 		fatal("Unable to load KRL: %s", ssh_err(r));
1972 	close(fd);
1973 	/* XXX check sigs */
1974 	if ((r = ssh_krl_from_blob(krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0)) != 0 ||
1975 	    *krlp == NULL)
1976 		fatal("Invalid KRL file: %s", ssh_err(r));
1977 	sshbuf_free(krlbuf);
1978 }
1979 
1980 static void
1981 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, int wild_ca,
1982     const struct sshkey *ca, struct ssh_krl *krl)
1983 {
1984 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
1985 	u_long lnum = 0;
1986 	char *path, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
1987 	unsigned long long serial, serial2;
1988 	int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, r;
1989 	FILE *krl_spec;
1990 
1991 	path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
1992 	if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
1993 		krl_spec = stdin;
1994 		free(path);
1995 		path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
1996 	} else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
1997 		fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1998 
1999 	if (!quiet)
2000 		printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
2001 	while (read_keyfile_line(krl_spec, path, line, sizeof(line),
2002 	    &lnum) == 0) {
2003 		was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = 0;
2004 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
2005 		/* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
2006 		for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
2007 			if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
2008 				cp[i] = '\0';
2009 				break;
2010 			}
2011 			if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
2012 				/* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
2013 				if (r == -1)
2014 					r = i;
2015 			} else
2016 				r = -1;
2017 		}
2018 		if (r != -1)
2019 			cp[r] = '\0';
2020 		if (*cp == '\0')
2021 			continue;
2022 		if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
2023 			if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2024 				fatal("revoking certificates by serial number "
2025 				    "requires specification of a CA key");
2026 			}
2027 			cp += 7;
2028 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2029 			errno = 0;
2030 			serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2031 			if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
2032 				fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2033 				    path, lnum, cp);
2034 			if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
2035 				fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2036 				    path, lnum);
2037 			serial2 = serial;
2038 			if (*ep == '-') {
2039 				cp = ep + 1;
2040 				errno = 0;
2041 				serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2042 				if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
2043 					fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2044 					    path, lnum, cp);
2045 				if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
2046 					fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2047 					    path, lnum);
2048 				if (serial2 <= serial)
2049 					fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
2050 					    "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
2051 					    (unsigned long long)serial,
2052 					    (unsigned long long)serial2);
2053 			}
2054 			if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
2055 			    ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
2056 				fatal("%s: revoke serial failed",
2057 				    __func__);
2058 			}
2059 		} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2060 			if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2061 				fatal("revoking certificates by key ID "
2062 				    "requires specification of a CA key");
2063 			}
2064 			cp += 3;
2065 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2066 			if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2067 				fatal("%s: revoke key ID failed", __func__);
2068 		} else {
2069 			if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2070 				cp += 4;
2071 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2072 				was_explicit_key = 1;
2073 			} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2074 				cp += 5;
2075 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2076 				was_sha1 = 1;
2077 			} else {
2078 				/*
2079 				 * Just try to process the line as a key.
2080 				 * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2081 				 */
2082 			}
2083 			if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2084 				fatal("key_new");
2085 			if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0)
2086 				fatal("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s",
2087 				    path, lnum, ssh_err(r));
2088 			if (was_explicit_key)
2089 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2090 			else if (was_sha1)
2091 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, key);
2092 			else
2093 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2094 			if (r != 0)
2095 				fatal("%s: revoke key failed: %s",
2096 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
2097 			sshkey_free(key);
2098 		}
2099 	}
2100 	if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2101 		fclose(krl_spec);
2102 	free(path);
2103 }
2104 
2105 static void
2106 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, int argc, char **argv)
2107 {
2108 	struct ssh_krl *krl;
2109 	struct stat sb;
2110 	struct sshkey *ca = NULL;
2111 	int fd, i, r, wild_ca = 0;
2112 	char *tmp;
2113 	struct sshbuf *kbuf;
2114 
2115 	if (*identity_file == '\0')
2116 		fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2117 	if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2118 		if (errno != ENOENT)
2119 			fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2120 			    identity_file, strerror(errno));
2121 		if (updating)
2122 			fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2123 	}
2124 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2125 		if (strcasecmp(ca_key_path, "none") == 0)
2126 			wild_ca = 1;
2127 		else {
2128 			tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2129 			if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
2130 				fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s: %s",
2131 				    tmp, ssh_err(r));
2132 			free(tmp);
2133 		}
2134 	}
2135 
2136 	if (updating)
2137 		load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2138 	else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2139 		fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2140 
2141 	if (cert_serial != 0)
2142 		ssh_krl_set_version(krl, cert_serial);
2143 	if (identity_comment != NULL)
2144 		ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, identity_comment);
2145 
2146 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2147 		update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], wild_ca, ca, krl);
2148 
2149 	if ((kbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2150 		fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
2151 	if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2152 		fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2153 	if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2154 		fatal("open %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2155 	if (atomicio(vwrite, fd, (void *)sshbuf_ptr(kbuf), sshbuf_len(kbuf)) !=
2156 	    sshbuf_len(kbuf))
2157 		fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2158 	close(fd);
2159 	sshbuf_free(kbuf);
2160 	ssh_krl_free(krl);
2161 	sshkey_free(ca);
2162 }
2163 
2164 static void
2165 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
2166 {
2167 	int i, r, ret = 0;
2168 	char *comment;
2169 	struct ssh_krl *krl;
2170 	struct sshkey *k;
2171 
2172 	if (*identity_file == '\0')
2173 		fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2174 	load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2175 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2176 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(argv[i], &k, &comment)) != 0)
2177 			fatal("Cannot load public key %s: %s",
2178 			    argv[i], ssh_err(r));
2179 		r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2180 		printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2181 		    *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2182 		    r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2183 		if (r != 0)
2184 			ret = 1;
2185 		sshkey_free(k);
2186 		free(comment);
2187 	}
2188 	ssh_krl_free(krl);
2189 	exit(ret);
2190 }
2191 #endif
2192 
2193 static void
2194 usage(void)
2195 {
2196 	fprintf(stderr,
2197 	    "usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-b bits] [-t dsa | ecdsa | ed25519 | rsa | rsa1]\n"
2198 	    "                  [-N new_passphrase] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile]\n"
2199 	    "       ssh-keygen -p [-P old_passphrase] [-N new_passphrase] [-f keyfile]\n"
2200 	    "       ssh-keygen -i [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2201 	    "       ssh-keygen -e [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2202 	    "       ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2203 	    "       ssh-keygen -c [-P passphrase] [-C comment] [-f keyfile]\n"
2204 	    "       ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2205 	    "       ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]\n");
2206 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
2207 	fprintf(stderr,
2208 	    "       ssh-keygen -D pkcs11\n");
2209 #endif
2210 	fprintf(stderr,
2211 	    "       ssh-keygen -F hostname [-f known_hosts_file] [-l]\n"
2212 	    "       ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2213 	    "       ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2214 	    "       ssh-keygen -r hostname [-f input_keyfile] [-g]\n"
2215 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2216 	    "       ssh-keygen -G output_file [-v] [-b bits] [-M memory] [-S start_point]\n"
2217 	    "       ssh-keygen -T output_file -f input_file [-v] [-a rounds] [-J num_lines]\n"
2218 	    "                  [-j start_line] [-K checkpt] [-W generator]\n"
2219 #endif
2220 	    "       ssh-keygen -s ca_key -I certificate_identity [-h] [-n principals]\n"
2221 	    "                  [-O option] [-V validity_interval] [-z serial_number] file ...\n"
2222 	    "       ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2223 	    "       ssh-keygen -A\n"
2224 	    "       ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]\n"
2225 	    "                  file ...\n"
2226 	    "       ssh-keygen -Q -f krl_file file ...\n");
2227 	exit(1);
2228 }
2229 
2230 /*
2231  * Main program for key management.
2232  */
2233 int
2234 main(int argc, char **argv)
2235 {
2236 	char dotsshdir[PATH_MAX], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2237 	char *rr_hostname = NULL, *ep, *fp, *ra;
2238 	struct sshkey *private, *public;
2239 	struct passwd *pw;
2240 	struct stat st;
2241 	int r, opt, type, fd;
2242 	int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
2243 	FILE *f;
2244 	const char *errstr;
2245 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2246 	/* Moduli generation/screening */
2247 	char out_file[PATH_MAX], *checkpoint = NULL;
2248 	u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0;
2249 	int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
2250 	unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2251 	BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2252 #endif
2253 
2254 	extern int optind;
2255 	extern char *optarg;
2256 
2257 	ssh_malloc_init();	/* must be called before any mallocs */
2258 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
2259 	sanitise_stdfd();
2260 
2261 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
2262 	log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2263 
2264 	/* we need this for the home * directory.  */
2265 	pw = getpwuid(getuid());
2266 	if (!pw)
2267 		fatal("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)getuid());
2268 	if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0)
2269 		fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
2270 
2271 	/* Remaining characters: UYdw */
2272 	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHLQXceghiklopquvxy"
2273 	    "C:D:E:F:G:I:J:K:M:N:O:P:R:S:T:V:W:Z:"
2274 	    "a:b:f:g:j:m:n:r:s:t:z:")) != -1) {
2275 		switch (opt) {
2276 		case 'A':
2277 			gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
2278 			break;
2279 		case 'b':
2280 			bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
2281 			if (errstr)
2282 				fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
2283 					optarg, errstr);
2284 			break;
2285 		case 'E':
2286 			fingerprint_hash = ssh_digest_alg_by_name(optarg);
2287 			if (fingerprint_hash == -1)
2288 				fatal("Invalid hash algorithm \"%s\"", optarg);
2289 			break;
2290 		case 'F':
2291 			find_host = 1;
2292 			rr_hostname = optarg;
2293 			break;
2294 		case 'H':
2295 			hash_hosts = 1;
2296 			break;
2297 		case 'I':
2298 			cert_key_id = optarg;
2299 			break;
2300 		case 'R':
2301 			delete_host = 1;
2302 			rr_hostname = optarg;
2303 			break;
2304 		case 'L':
2305 			show_cert = 1;
2306 			break;
2307 		case 'l':
2308 			print_fingerprint = 1;
2309 			break;
2310 		case 'B':
2311 			print_bubblebabble = 1;
2312 			break;
2313 		case 'm':
2314 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
2315 			    strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
2316 				convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
2317 				break;
2318 			}
2319 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
2320 				convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
2321 				break;
2322 			}
2323 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2324 				convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2325 				break;
2326 			}
2327 			fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2328 		case 'n':
2329 			cert_principals = optarg;
2330 			break;
2331 		case 'o':
2332 			use_new_format = 1;
2333 			break;
2334 		case 'p':
2335 			change_passphrase = 1;
2336 			break;
2337 		case 'c':
2338 			change_comment = 1;
2339 			break;
2340 		case 'f':
2341 			if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg,
2342 			    sizeof(identity_file)) >= sizeof(identity_file))
2343 				fatal("Identity filename too long");
2344 			have_identity = 1;
2345 			break;
2346 		case 'g':
2347 			print_generic = 1;
2348 			break;
2349 		case 'P':
2350 			identity_passphrase = optarg;
2351 			break;
2352 		case 'N':
2353 			identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2354 			break;
2355 		case 'Q':
2356 			check_krl = 1;
2357 			break;
2358 		case 'O':
2359 			add_cert_option(optarg);
2360 			break;
2361 		case 'Z':
2362 			new_format_cipher = optarg;
2363 			break;
2364 		case 'C':
2365 			identity_comment = optarg;
2366 			break;
2367 		case 'q':
2368 			quiet = 1;
2369 			break;
2370 		case 'e':
2371 		case 'x':
2372 			/* export key */
2373 			convert_to = 1;
2374 			break;
2375 		case 'h':
2376 			cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2377 			certflags_flags = 0;
2378 			break;
2379 		case 'k':
2380 			gen_krl = 1;
2381 			break;
2382 		case 'i':
2383 		case 'X':
2384 			/* import key */
2385 			convert_from = 1;
2386 			break;
2387 		case 'y':
2388 			print_public = 1;
2389 			break;
2390 		case 's':
2391 			ca_key_path = optarg;
2392 			break;
2393 		case 't':
2394 			key_type_name = optarg;
2395 			break;
2396 		case 'D':
2397 			pkcs11provider = optarg;
2398 			break;
2399 		case 'u':
2400 			update_krl = 1;
2401 			break;
2402 		case 'v':
2403 			if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2404 				log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2405 			else {
2406 				if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2407 				    log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2408 					log_level++;
2409 			}
2410 			break;
2411 		case 'r':
2412 			rr_hostname = optarg;
2413 			break;
2414 		case 'a':
2415 			rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2416 			if (errstr)
2417 				fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2418 					optarg, errstr);
2419 			break;
2420 		case 'V':
2421 			parse_cert_times(optarg);
2422 			break;
2423 		case 'z':
2424 			errno = 0;
2425 			cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
2426 			if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
2427 			    (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
2428 				fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
2429 			break;
2430 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2431 		/* Moduli generation/screening */
2432 		case 'G':
2433 			do_gen_candidates = 1;
2434 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2435 			    sizeof(out_file))
2436 				fatal("Output filename too long");
2437 			break;
2438 		case 'J':
2439 			lines_to_process = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2440                         break;
2441 		case 'j':
2442 			start_lineno = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2443                         break;
2444 		case 'K':
2445 			if (strlen(optarg) >= PATH_MAX)
2446 				fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
2447 			checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
2448 			break;
2449 		case 'M':
2450 			memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX,
2451 			    &errstr);
2452 			if (errstr)
2453 				fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2454 			break;
2455 		case 'S':
2456 			/* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2457 			if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2458 				fatal("Invalid start point.");
2459 			break;
2460 		case 'T':
2461 			do_screen_candidates = 1;
2462 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2463 			    sizeof(out_file))
2464 				fatal("Output filename too long");
2465 			break;
2466 		case 'W':
2467 			generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2468 			    UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2469 			if (errstr != NULL)
2470 				fatal("Desired generator invalid: %s (%s)",
2471 				    optarg, errstr);
2472 			break;
2473 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2474 		case '?':
2475 		default:
2476 			usage();
2477 		}
2478 	}
2479 
2480 	/* reinit */
2481 	log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2482 
2483 	argv += optind;
2484 	argc -= optind;
2485 
2486 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2487 		if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
2488 			error("Too few arguments.");
2489 			usage();
2490 		}
2491 	} else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl) {
2492 		error("Too many arguments.");
2493 		usage();
2494 	}
2495 	if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2496 		error("Can only have one of -p and -c.");
2497 		usage();
2498 	}
2499 	if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2500 		error("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.");
2501 		usage();
2502 	}
2503 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2504 	if (gen_krl) {
2505 		do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, argc, argv);
2506 		return (0);
2507 	}
2508 	if (check_krl) {
2509 		do_check_krl(pw, argc, argv);
2510 		return (0);
2511 	}
2512 #endif
2513 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2514 		if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2515 			fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2516 		do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2517 	}
2518 	if (show_cert)
2519 		do_show_cert(pw);
2520 	if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2521 		do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2522 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2523 		do_download(pw);
2524 	if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2525 		do_fingerprint(pw);
2526 	if (change_passphrase)
2527 		do_change_passphrase(pw);
2528 	if (change_comment)
2529 		do_change_comment(pw);
2530 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2531 	if (convert_to)
2532 		do_convert_to(pw);
2533 	if (convert_from)
2534 		do_convert_from(pw);
2535 #endif
2536 	if (print_public)
2537 		do_print_public(pw);
2538 	if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2539 		unsigned int n = 0;
2540 
2541 		if (have_identity) {
2542 			n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2543 			    identity_file, rr_hostname);
2544 			if (n == 0)
2545 				fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2546 			exit(0);
2547 		} else {
2548 
2549 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2550 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2551 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2552 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2553 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2554 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2555 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2556 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2557 			if (n == 0)
2558 				fatal("no keys found.");
2559 			exit(0);
2560 		}
2561 	}
2562 
2563 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2564 	if (do_gen_candidates) {
2565 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2566 
2567 		if (out == NULL) {
2568 			error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2569 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2570 			return (1);
2571 		}
2572 		if (bits == 0)
2573 			bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2574 		if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2575 			fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2576 
2577 		return (0);
2578 	}
2579 
2580 	if (do_screen_candidates) {
2581 		FILE *in;
2582 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "a");
2583 
2584 		if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2585 			if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2586 				fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2587 				    "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2588 				    strerror(errno));
2589 			}
2590 		} else
2591 			in = stdin;
2592 
2593 		if (out == NULL) {
2594 			fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2595 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2596 		}
2597 		if (prime_test(in, out, rounds == 0 ? 100 : rounds,
2598 		    generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2599 		    start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2600 			fatal("modulus screening failed");
2601 		return (0);
2602 	}
2603 #endif
2604 
2605 	if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2606 		do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2607 		return (0);
2608 	}
2609 
2610 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
2611 		key_type_name = DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME;
2612 
2613 	type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2614 	type_bits_valid(type, key_type_name, &bits);
2615 
2616 	if (!quiet)
2617 		printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n",
2618 		    key_type_name);
2619 	if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0)
2620 		fatal("key_generate failed");
2621 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
2622 		fatal("key_from_private failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
2623 
2624 	if (!have_identity)
2625 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2626 
2627 	/* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2628 	snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2629 	    pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2630 	if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2631 		if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2632 			if (errno != ENOENT) {
2633 				error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2634 				    strerror(errno));
2635 			} else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2636 				error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2637 				    dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2638 			} else if (!quiet)
2639 				printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2640 		}
2641 	}
2642 	/* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2643 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2644 		char yesno[3];
2645 		printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2646 		printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2647 		fflush(stdout);
2648 		if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2649 			exit(1);
2650 		if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2651 			exit(1);
2652 	}
2653 	/* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2654 	if (identity_passphrase)
2655 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2656 	else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2657 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2658 	else {
2659 passphrase_again:
2660 		passphrase1 =
2661 			read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2662 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2663 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2664 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2665 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2666 			/*
2667 			 * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2668 			 * retry.
2669 			 */
2670 			explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2671 			explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2672 			free(passphrase1);
2673 			free(passphrase2);
2674 			printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2675 			goto passphrase_again;
2676 		}
2677 		/* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2678 		explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2679 		free(passphrase2);
2680 	}
2681 
2682 	if (identity_comment) {
2683 		strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2684 	} else {
2685 		/* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2686 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2687 	}
2688 
2689 	/* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2690 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
2691 	    comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
2692 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
2693 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
2694 		explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2695 		free(passphrase1);
2696 		exit(1);
2697 	}
2698 	/* Clear the passphrase. */
2699 	explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2700 	free(passphrase1);
2701 
2702 	/* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2703 	sshkey_free(private);
2704 
2705 	if (!quiet)
2706 		printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2707 
2708 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2709 	if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2710 		fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
2711 		    identity_file, strerror(errno));
2712 	if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
2713 		fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2714 	if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
2715 		error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
2716 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2717 	fclose(f);
2718 
2719 	if (!quiet) {
2720 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2721 		    SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
2722 		ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2723 		    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
2724 		if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
2725 			fatal("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
2726 		printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2727 		    identity_file);
2728 		printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2729 		printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2730 		printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2731 		printf("%s\n", ra);
2732 		free(ra);
2733 		free(fp);
2734 	}
2735 
2736 	sshkey_free(public);
2737 	exit(0);
2738 }
2739