xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/ssh-ecdsa.c (revision 3374c67d44f9b75b98444cbf63020f777792342e)
1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-ecdsa.c,v 1.25 2022/10/28 00:44:44 djm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2010 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8  * are met:
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
17  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
18  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
19  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
20  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
21  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
22  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
23  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
24  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/types.h>
28 
29 #include <openssl/bn.h>
30 #include <openssl/ec.h>
31 #include <openssl/ecdsa.h>
32 #include <openssl/evp.h>
33 
34 #include <string.h>
35 
36 #include "sshbuf.h"
37 #include "ssherr.h"
38 #include "digest.h"
39 #define SSHKEY_INTERNAL
40 #include "sshkey.h"
41 
42 static u_int
43 ssh_ecdsa_size(const struct sshkey *key)
44 {
45 	switch (key->ecdsa_nid) {
46 	case NID_X9_62_prime256v1:
47 		return 256;
48 	case NID_secp384r1:
49 		return 384;
50 	case NID_secp521r1:
51 		return 521;
52 	default:
53 		return 0;
54 	}
55 }
56 
57 static void
58 ssh_ecdsa_cleanup(struct sshkey *k)
59 {
60 	EC_KEY_free(k->ecdsa);
61 	k->ecdsa = NULL;
62 }
63 
64 static int
65 ssh_ecdsa_equal(const struct sshkey *a, const struct sshkey *b)
66 {
67 	const EC_GROUP *grp_a, *grp_b;
68 	const EC_POINT *pub_a, *pub_b;
69 
70 	if (a->ecdsa == NULL || b->ecdsa == NULL)
71 		return 0;
72 	if ((grp_a = EC_KEY_get0_group(a->ecdsa)) == NULL ||
73 	    (grp_b = EC_KEY_get0_group(b->ecdsa)) == NULL)
74 		return 0;
75 	if ((pub_a = EC_KEY_get0_public_key(a->ecdsa)) == NULL ||
76 	    (pub_b = EC_KEY_get0_public_key(b->ecdsa)) == NULL)
77 		return 0;
78 	if (EC_GROUP_cmp(grp_a, grp_b, NULL) != 0)
79 		return 0;
80 	if (EC_POINT_cmp(grp_a, pub_a, pub_b, NULL) != 0)
81 		return 0;
82 
83 	return 1;
84 }
85 
86 static int
87 ssh_ecdsa_serialize_public(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b,
88     enum sshkey_serialize_rep opts)
89 {
90 	int r;
91 
92 	if (key->ecdsa == NULL)
93 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
94 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b,
95 	    sshkey_curve_nid_to_name(key->ecdsa_nid))) != 0 ||
96 	    (r = sshbuf_put_eckey(b, key->ecdsa)) != 0)
97 		return r;
98 
99 	return 0;
100 }
101 
102 static int
103 ssh_ecdsa_serialize_private(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b,
104     enum sshkey_serialize_rep opts)
105 {
106 	int r;
107 
108 	if (!sshkey_is_cert(key)) {
109 		if ((r = ssh_ecdsa_serialize_public(key, b, opts)) != 0)
110 			return r;
111 	}
112 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b,
113 	    EC_KEY_get0_private_key(key->ecdsa))) != 0)
114 		return r;
115 	return 0;
116 }
117 
118 static int
119 ssh_ecdsa_generate(struct sshkey *k, int bits)
120 {
121 	EC_KEY *private;
122 
123 	if ((k->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(bits)) == -1)
124 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_LENGTH;
125 	if ((private = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(k->ecdsa_nid)) == NULL)
126 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
127 	if (EC_KEY_generate_key(private) != 1) {
128 		EC_KEY_free(private);
129 		return SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
130 	}
131 	EC_KEY_set_asn1_flag(private, OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE);
132 	k->ecdsa = private;
133 	return 0;
134 }
135 
136 static int
137 ssh_ecdsa_copy_public(const struct sshkey *from, struct sshkey *to)
138 {
139 	to->ecdsa_nid = from->ecdsa_nid;
140 	if ((to->ecdsa = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(from->ecdsa_nid)) == NULL)
141 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
142 	if (EC_KEY_set_public_key(to->ecdsa,
143 	    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(from->ecdsa)) != 1)
144 		return SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR; /* caller will free k->ecdsa */
145 	return 0;
146 }
147 
148 static int
149 ssh_ecdsa_deserialize_public(const char *ktype, struct sshbuf *b,
150     struct sshkey *key)
151 {
152 	int r;
153 	char *curve = NULL;
154 
155 	if ((key->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(ktype)) == -1)
156 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
157 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &curve, NULL)) != 0)
158 		goto out;
159 	if (key->ecdsa_nid != sshkey_curve_name_to_nid(curve)) {
160 		r = SSH_ERR_EC_CURVE_MISMATCH;
161 		goto out;
162 	}
163 	EC_KEY_free(key->ecdsa);
164 	key->ecdsa = NULL;
165 	if ((key->ecdsa = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(key->ecdsa_nid)) == NULL) {
166 		r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
167 		goto out;
168 	}
169 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_eckey(b, key->ecdsa)) != 0)
170 		goto out;
171 	if (sshkey_ec_validate_public(EC_KEY_get0_group(key->ecdsa),
172 	    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(key->ecdsa)) != 0) {
173 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_INVALID_EC_VALUE;
174 		goto out;
175 	}
176 	/* success */
177 	r = 0;
178 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
179 	sshkey_dump_ec_point(EC_KEY_get0_group(key->ecdsa),
180 	    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(key->ecdsa));
181 #endif
182  out:
183 	free(curve);
184 	if (r != 0) {
185 		EC_KEY_free(key->ecdsa);
186 		key->ecdsa = NULL;
187 	}
188 	return r;
189 }
190 
191 static int
192 ssh_ecdsa_deserialize_private(const char *ktype, struct sshbuf *b,
193     struct sshkey *key)
194 {
195 	int r;
196 	BIGNUM *exponent = NULL;
197 
198 	if (!sshkey_is_cert(key)) {
199 		if ((r = ssh_ecdsa_deserialize_public(ktype, b, key)) != 0)
200 			return r;
201 	}
202 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(b, &exponent)) != 0)
203 		goto out;
204 	if (EC_KEY_set_private_key(key->ecdsa, exponent) != 1) {
205 		r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
206 		goto out;
207 	}
208 	if ((r = sshkey_ec_validate_private(key->ecdsa)) != 0)
209 		goto out;
210 	/* success */
211 	r = 0;
212  out:
213 	BN_clear_free(exponent);
214 	return r;
215 }
216 
217 /* ARGSUSED */
218 static int
219 ssh_ecdsa_sign(struct sshkey *key,
220     u_char **sigp, size_t *lenp,
221     const u_char *data, size_t dlen,
222     const char *alg, const char *sk_provider, const char *sk_pin, u_int compat)
223 {
224 	ECDSA_SIG *esig = NULL;
225 	const BIGNUM *sig_r, *sig_s;
226 	int hash_alg;
227 	u_char digest[SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH];
228 	size_t len, hlen;
229 	struct sshbuf *b = NULL, *bb = NULL;
230 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
231 
232 	if (lenp != NULL)
233 		*lenp = 0;
234 	if (sigp != NULL)
235 		*sigp = NULL;
236 
237 	if (key == NULL || key->ecdsa == NULL ||
238 	    sshkey_type_plain(key->type) != KEY_ECDSA)
239 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
240 
241 	if ((hash_alg = sshkey_ec_nid_to_hash_alg(key->ecdsa_nid)) == -1 ||
242 	    (hlen = ssh_digest_bytes(hash_alg)) == 0)
243 		return SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
244 	if ((ret = ssh_digest_memory(hash_alg, data, dlen,
245 	    digest, sizeof(digest))) != 0)
246 		goto out;
247 
248 	if ((esig = ECDSA_do_sign(digest, hlen, key->ecdsa)) == NULL) {
249 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
250 		goto out;
251 	}
252 
253 	if ((bb = sshbuf_new()) == NULL || (b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
254 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
255 		goto out;
256 	}
257 	ECDSA_SIG_get0(esig, &sig_r, &sig_s);
258 	if ((ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(bb, sig_r)) != 0 ||
259 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(bb, sig_s)) != 0)
260 		goto out;
261 	if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, sshkey_ssh_name_plain(key))) != 0 ||
262 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, bb)) != 0)
263 		goto out;
264 	len = sshbuf_len(b);
265 	if (sigp != NULL) {
266 		if ((*sigp = malloc(len)) == NULL) {
267 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
268 			goto out;
269 		}
270 		memcpy(*sigp, sshbuf_ptr(b), len);
271 	}
272 	if (lenp != NULL)
273 		*lenp = len;
274 	ret = 0;
275  out:
276 	explicit_bzero(digest, sizeof(digest));
277 	sshbuf_free(b);
278 	sshbuf_free(bb);
279 	ECDSA_SIG_free(esig);
280 	return ret;
281 }
282 
283 /* ARGSUSED */
284 static int
285 ssh_ecdsa_verify(const struct sshkey *key,
286     const u_char *sig, size_t siglen,
287     const u_char *data, size_t dlen, const char *alg, u_int compat,
288     struct sshkey_sig_details **detailsp)
289 {
290 	ECDSA_SIG *esig = NULL;
291 	BIGNUM *sig_r = NULL, *sig_s = NULL;
292 	int hash_alg;
293 	u_char digest[SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH];
294 	size_t hlen;
295 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
296 	struct sshbuf *b = NULL, *sigbuf = NULL;
297 	char *ktype = NULL;
298 
299 	if (key == NULL || key->ecdsa == NULL ||
300 	    sshkey_type_plain(key->type) != KEY_ECDSA ||
301 	    sig == NULL || siglen == 0)
302 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
303 
304 	if ((hash_alg = sshkey_ec_nid_to_hash_alg(key->ecdsa_nid)) == -1 ||
305 	    (hlen = ssh_digest_bytes(hash_alg)) == 0)
306 		return SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
307 
308 	/* fetch signature */
309 	if ((b = sshbuf_from(sig, siglen)) == NULL)
310 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
311 	if (sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &ktype, NULL) != 0 ||
312 	    sshbuf_froms(b, &sigbuf) != 0) {
313 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
314 		goto out;
315 	}
316 	if (strcmp(sshkey_ssh_name_plain(key), ktype) != 0) {
317 		ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_MISMATCH;
318 		goto out;
319 	}
320 	if (sshbuf_len(b) != 0) {
321 		ret = SSH_ERR_UNEXPECTED_TRAILING_DATA;
322 		goto out;
323 	}
324 
325 	/* parse signature */
326 	if (sshbuf_get_bignum2(sigbuf, &sig_r) != 0 ||
327 	    sshbuf_get_bignum2(sigbuf, &sig_s) != 0) {
328 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
329 		goto out;
330 	}
331 	if ((esig = ECDSA_SIG_new()) == NULL) {
332 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
333 		goto out;
334 	}
335 	if (!ECDSA_SIG_set0(esig, sig_r, sig_s)) {
336 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
337 		goto out;
338 	}
339 	sig_r = sig_s = NULL; /* transferred */
340 
341 	if (sshbuf_len(sigbuf) != 0) {
342 		ret = SSH_ERR_UNEXPECTED_TRAILING_DATA;
343 		goto out;
344 	}
345 	if ((ret = ssh_digest_memory(hash_alg, data, dlen,
346 	    digest, sizeof(digest))) != 0)
347 		goto out;
348 
349 	switch (ECDSA_do_verify(digest, hlen, esig, key->ecdsa)) {
350 	case 1:
351 		ret = 0;
352 		break;
353 	case 0:
354 		ret = SSH_ERR_SIGNATURE_INVALID;
355 		goto out;
356 	default:
357 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
358 		goto out;
359 	}
360 
361  out:
362 	explicit_bzero(digest, sizeof(digest));
363 	sshbuf_free(sigbuf);
364 	sshbuf_free(b);
365 	ECDSA_SIG_free(esig);
366 	BN_clear_free(sig_r);
367 	BN_clear_free(sig_s);
368 	free(ktype);
369 	return ret;
370 }
371 
372 /* NB. not static; used by ECDSA-SK */
373 const struct sshkey_impl_funcs sshkey_ecdsa_funcs = {
374 	/* .size = */		ssh_ecdsa_size,
375 	/* .alloc = */		NULL,
376 	/* .cleanup = */	ssh_ecdsa_cleanup,
377 	/* .equal = */		ssh_ecdsa_equal,
378 	/* .ssh_serialize_public = */ ssh_ecdsa_serialize_public,
379 	/* .ssh_deserialize_public = */ ssh_ecdsa_deserialize_public,
380 	/* .ssh_serialize_private = */ ssh_ecdsa_serialize_private,
381 	/* .ssh_deserialize_private = */ ssh_ecdsa_deserialize_private,
382 	/* .generate = */	ssh_ecdsa_generate,
383 	/* .copy_public = */	ssh_ecdsa_copy_public,
384 	/* .sign = */		ssh_ecdsa_sign,
385 	/* .verify = */		ssh_ecdsa_verify,
386 };
387 
388 const struct sshkey_impl sshkey_ecdsa_nistp256_impl = {
389 	/* .name = */		"ecdsa-sha2-nistp256",
390 	/* .shortname = */	"ECDSA",
391 	/* .sigalg = */		NULL,
392 	/* .type = */		KEY_ECDSA,
393 	/* .nid = */		NID_X9_62_prime256v1,
394 	/* .cert = */		0,
395 	/* .sigonly = */	0,
396 	/* .keybits = */	0,
397 	/* .funcs = */		&sshkey_ecdsa_funcs,
398 };
399 
400 const struct sshkey_impl sshkey_ecdsa_nistp256_cert_impl = {
401 	/* .name = */		"ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com",
402 	/* .shortname = */	"ECDSA-CERT",
403 	/* .sigalg = */		NULL,
404 	/* .type = */		KEY_ECDSA_CERT,
405 	/* .nid = */		NID_X9_62_prime256v1,
406 	/* .cert = */		1,
407 	/* .sigonly = */	0,
408 	/* .keybits = */	0,
409 	/* .funcs = */		&sshkey_ecdsa_funcs,
410 };
411 
412 const struct sshkey_impl sshkey_ecdsa_nistp384_impl = {
413 	/* .name = */		"ecdsa-sha2-nistp384",
414 	/* .shortname = */	"ECDSA",
415 	/* .sigalg = */		NULL,
416 	/* .type = */		KEY_ECDSA,
417 	/* .nid = */		NID_secp384r1,
418 	/* .cert = */		0,
419 	/* .sigonly = */	0,
420 	/* .keybits = */	0,
421 	/* .funcs = */		&sshkey_ecdsa_funcs,
422 };
423 
424 const struct sshkey_impl sshkey_ecdsa_nistp384_cert_impl = {
425 	/* .name = */		"ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com",
426 	/* .shortname = */	"ECDSA-CERT",
427 	/* .sigalg = */		NULL,
428 	/* .type = */		KEY_ECDSA_CERT,
429 	/* .nid = */		NID_secp384r1,
430 	/* .cert = */		1,
431 	/* .sigonly = */	0,
432 	/* .keybits = */	0,
433 	/* .funcs = */		&sshkey_ecdsa_funcs,
434 };
435 
436 const struct sshkey_impl sshkey_ecdsa_nistp521_impl = {
437 	/* .name = */		"ecdsa-sha2-nistp521",
438 	/* .shortname = */	"ECDSA",
439 	/* .sigalg = */		NULL,
440 	/* .type = */		KEY_ECDSA,
441 	/* .nid = */		NID_secp521r1,
442 	/* .cert = */		0,
443 	/* .sigonly = */	0,
444 	/* .keybits = */	0,
445 	/* .funcs = */		&sshkey_ecdsa_funcs,
446 };
447 
448 const struct sshkey_impl sshkey_ecdsa_nistp521_cert_impl = {
449 	/* .name = */		"ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com",
450 	/* .shortname = */	"ECDSA-CERT",
451 	/* .sigalg = */		NULL,
452 	/* .type = */		KEY_ECDSA_CERT,
453 	/* .nid = */		NID_secp521r1,
454 	/* .cert = */		1,
455 	/* .sigonly = */	0,
456 	/* .keybits = */	0,
457 	/* .funcs = */		&sshkey_ecdsa_funcs,
458 };
459