xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/ssh/misc.c (revision f90ef06a3045119dcc88b72d8b98ca60e3c00d5a)
1 /* $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.185 2023/08/04 06:32:40 dtucker Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2005-2020 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
5  * Copyright (c) 2004 Henning Brauer <henning@openbsd.org>
6  *
7  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
8  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
9  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
10  *
11  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
12  * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
13  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
14  * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
15  * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
16  * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
17  * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
18  */
19 
20 
21 #include <sys/types.h>
22 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
23 #include <sys/socket.h>
24 #include <sys/stat.h>
25 #include <sys/time.h>
26 #include <sys/wait.h>
27 #include <sys/un.h>
28 
29 #include <net/if.h>
30 #include <netinet/in.h>
31 #include <netinet/ip.h>
32 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
33 #include <arpa/inet.h>
34 
35 #include <ctype.h>
36 #include <errno.h>
37 #include <fcntl.h>
38 #include <netdb.h>
39 #include <paths.h>
40 #include <pwd.h>
41 #include <libgen.h>
42 #include <limits.h>
43 #include <nlist.h>
44 #include <poll.h>
45 #include <signal.h>
46 #include <stdarg.h>
47 #include <stdio.h>
48 #include <stdint.h>
49 #include <stdlib.h>
50 #include <string.h>
51 #include <unistd.h>
52 
53 #include "xmalloc.h"
54 #include "misc.h"
55 #include "log.h"
56 #include "ssh.h"
57 #include "sshbuf.h"
58 #include "ssherr.h"
59 
60 /* remove newline at end of string */
61 char *
62 chop(char *s)
63 {
64 	char *t = s;
65 	while (*t) {
66 		if (*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
67 			*t = '\0';
68 			return s;
69 		}
70 		t++;
71 	}
72 	return s;
73 
74 }
75 
76 /* remove whitespace from end of string */
77 void
78 rtrim(char *s)
79 {
80 	size_t i;
81 
82 	if ((i = strlen(s)) == 0)
83 		return;
84 	for (i--; i > 0; i--) {
85 		if (isspace((unsigned char)s[i]))
86 			s[i] = '\0';
87 	}
88 }
89 
90 /* set/unset filedescriptor to non-blocking */
91 int
92 set_nonblock(int fd)
93 {
94 	int val;
95 
96 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
97 	if (val == -1) {
98 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
99 		return (-1);
100 	}
101 	if (val & O_NONBLOCK) {
102 		debug3("fd %d is O_NONBLOCK", fd);
103 		return (0);
104 	}
105 	debug2("fd %d setting O_NONBLOCK", fd);
106 	val |= O_NONBLOCK;
107 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
108 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK): %s", fd,
109 		    strerror(errno));
110 		return (-1);
111 	}
112 	return (0);
113 }
114 
115 int
116 unset_nonblock(int fd)
117 {
118 	int val;
119 
120 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
121 	if (val == -1) {
122 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
123 		return (-1);
124 	}
125 	if (!(val & O_NONBLOCK)) {
126 		debug3("fd %d is not O_NONBLOCK", fd);
127 		return (0);
128 	}
129 	debug("fd %d clearing O_NONBLOCK", fd);
130 	val &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
131 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
132 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, ~O_NONBLOCK): %s",
133 		    fd, strerror(errno));
134 		return (-1);
135 	}
136 	return (0);
137 }
138 
139 const char *
140 ssh_gai_strerror(int gaierr)
141 {
142 	if (gaierr == EAI_SYSTEM && errno != 0)
143 		return strerror(errno);
144 	return gai_strerror(gaierr);
145 }
146 
147 /* disable nagle on socket */
148 void
149 set_nodelay(int fd)
150 {
151 	int opt;
152 	socklen_t optlen;
153 
154 	optlen = sizeof opt;
155 	if (getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, &optlen) == -1) {
156 		debug("getsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
157 		return;
158 	}
159 	if (opt == 1) {
160 		debug2("fd %d is TCP_NODELAY", fd);
161 		return;
162 	}
163 	opt = 1;
164 	debug2("fd %d setting TCP_NODELAY", fd);
165 	if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, sizeof opt) == -1)
166 		error("setsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
167 }
168 
169 /* Allow local port reuse in TIME_WAIT */
170 int
171 set_reuseaddr(int fd)
172 {
173 	int on = 1;
174 
175 	if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1) {
176 		error("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno));
177 		return -1;
178 	}
179 	return 0;
180 }
181 
182 /* Get/set routing domain */
183 char *
184 get_rdomain(int fd)
185 {
186 	int rtable;
187 	char *ret;
188 	socklen_t len = sizeof(rtable);
189 
190 	if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE, &rtable, &len) == -1) {
191 		error("Failed to get routing domain for fd %d: %s",
192 		    fd, strerror(errno));
193 		return NULL;
194 	}
195 	xasprintf(&ret, "%d", rtable);
196 	return ret;
197 }
198 
199 int
200 set_rdomain(int fd, const char *name)
201 {
202 	int rtable;
203 	const char *errstr;
204 
205 	if (name == NULL)
206 		return 0; /* default table */
207 
208 	rtable = (int)strtonum(name, 0, 255, &errstr);
209 	if (errstr != NULL) {
210 		/* Shouldn't happen */
211 		error("Invalid routing domain \"%s\": %s", name, errstr);
212 		return -1;
213 	}
214 	if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE,
215 	    &rtable, sizeof(rtable)) == -1) {
216 		error("Failed to set routing domain %d on fd %d: %s",
217 		    rtable, fd, strerror(errno));
218 		return -1;
219 	}
220 	return 0;
221 }
222 
223 int
224 get_sock_af(int fd)
225 {
226 	struct sockaddr_storage to;
227 	socklen_t tolen = sizeof(to);
228 
229 	memset(&to, 0, sizeof(to));
230 	if (getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&to, &tolen) == -1)
231 		return -1;
232 	return to.ss_family;
233 }
234 
235 void
236 set_sock_tos(int fd, int tos)
237 {
238 	int af;
239 
240 	switch ((af = get_sock_af(fd))) {
241 	case -1:
242 		/* assume not a socket */
243 		break;
244 	case AF_INET:
245 		debug3_f("set socket %d IP_TOS 0x%02x", fd, tos);
246 		if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS,
247 		    &tos, sizeof(tos)) == -1) {
248 			error("setsockopt socket %d IP_TOS %d: %s",
249 			    fd, tos, strerror(errno));
250 		}
251 		break;
252 	case AF_INET6:
253 		debug3_f("set socket %d IPV6_TCLASS 0x%02x", fd, tos);
254 		if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_TCLASS,
255 		    &tos, sizeof(tos)) == -1) {
256 			error("setsockopt socket %d IPV6_TCLASS %d: %s",
257 			    fd, tos, strerror(errno));
258 		}
259 		break;
260 	default:
261 		debug2_f("unsupported socket family %d", af);
262 		break;
263 	}
264 }
265 
266 /*
267  * Wait up to *timeoutp milliseconds for events on fd. Updates
268  * *timeoutp with time remaining.
269  * Returns 0 if fd ready or -1 on timeout or error (see errno).
270  */
271 static int
272 waitfd(int fd, int *timeoutp, short events)
273 {
274 	struct pollfd pfd;
275 	struct timeval t_start;
276 	int oerrno, r, have_timeout = (*timeoutp >= 0);
277 
278 	pfd.fd = fd;
279 	pfd.events = events;
280 	for (; !have_timeout || *timeoutp >= 0;) {
281 		monotime_tv(&t_start);
282 		r = poll(&pfd, 1, *timeoutp);
283 		oerrno = errno;
284 		if (have_timeout)
285 			ms_subtract_diff(&t_start, timeoutp);
286 		errno = oerrno;
287 		if (r > 0)
288 			return 0;
289 		else if (r == -1 && errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR)
290 			return -1;
291 		else if (r == 0)
292 			break;
293 	}
294 	/* timeout */
295 	errno = ETIMEDOUT;
296 	return -1;
297 }
298 
299 /*
300  * Wait up to *timeoutp milliseconds for fd to be readable. Updates
301  * *timeoutp with time remaining.
302  * Returns 0 if fd ready or -1 on timeout or error (see errno).
303  */
304 int
305 waitrfd(int fd, int *timeoutp) {
306 	return waitfd(fd, timeoutp, POLLIN);
307 }
308 
309 /*
310  * Attempt a non-blocking connect(2) to the specified address, waiting up to
311  * *timeoutp milliseconds for the connection to complete. If the timeout is
312  * <=0, then wait indefinitely.
313  *
314  * Returns 0 on success or -1 on failure.
315  */
316 int
317 timeout_connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *serv_addr,
318     socklen_t addrlen, int *timeoutp)
319 {
320 	int optval = 0;
321 	socklen_t optlen = sizeof(optval);
322 
323 	/* No timeout: just do a blocking connect() */
324 	if (timeoutp == NULL || *timeoutp <= 0)
325 		return connect(sockfd, serv_addr, addrlen);
326 
327 	set_nonblock(sockfd);
328 	for (;;) {
329 		if (connect(sockfd, serv_addr, addrlen) == 0) {
330 			/* Succeeded already? */
331 			unset_nonblock(sockfd);
332 			return 0;
333 		} else if (errno == EINTR)
334 			continue;
335 		else if (errno != EINPROGRESS)
336 			return -1;
337 		break;
338 	}
339 
340 	if (waitfd(sockfd, timeoutp, POLLIN | POLLOUT) == -1)
341 		return -1;
342 
343 	/* Completed or failed */
344 	if (getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &optval, &optlen) == -1) {
345 		debug("getsockopt: %s", strerror(errno));
346 		return -1;
347 	}
348 	if (optval != 0) {
349 		errno = optval;
350 		return -1;
351 	}
352 	unset_nonblock(sockfd);
353 	return 0;
354 }
355 
356 /* Characters considered whitespace in strsep calls. */
357 #define WHITESPACE " \t\r\n"
358 #define QUOTE	"\""
359 
360 /* return next token in configuration line */
361 static char *
362 strdelim_internal(char **s, int split_equals)
363 {
364 	char *old;
365 	int wspace = 0;
366 
367 	if (*s == NULL)
368 		return NULL;
369 
370 	old = *s;
371 
372 	*s = strpbrk(*s,
373 	    split_equals ? WHITESPACE QUOTE "=" : WHITESPACE QUOTE);
374 	if (*s == NULL)
375 		return (old);
376 
377 	if (*s[0] == '\"') {
378 		memmove(*s, *s + 1, strlen(*s)); /* move nul too */
379 		/* Find matching quote */
380 		if ((*s = strpbrk(*s, QUOTE)) == NULL) {
381 			return (NULL);		/* no matching quote */
382 		} else {
383 			*s[0] = '\0';
384 			*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
385 			return (old);
386 		}
387 	}
388 
389 	/* Allow only one '=' to be skipped */
390 	if (split_equals && *s[0] == '=')
391 		wspace = 1;
392 	*s[0] = '\0';
393 
394 	/* Skip any extra whitespace after first token */
395 	*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
396 	if (split_equals && *s[0] == '=' && !wspace)
397 		*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
398 
399 	return (old);
400 }
401 
402 /*
403  * Return next token in configuration line; splts on whitespace or a
404  * single '=' character.
405  */
406 char *
407 strdelim(char **s)
408 {
409 	return strdelim_internal(s, 1);
410 }
411 
412 /*
413  * Return next token in configuration line; splts on whitespace only.
414  */
415 char *
416 strdelimw(char **s)
417 {
418 	return strdelim_internal(s, 0);
419 }
420 
421 struct passwd *
422 pwcopy(struct passwd *pw)
423 {
424 	struct passwd *copy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*copy));
425 
426 	copy->pw_name = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
427 	copy->pw_passwd = xstrdup(pw->pw_passwd);
428 	copy->pw_gecos = xstrdup(pw->pw_gecos);
429 	copy->pw_uid = pw->pw_uid;
430 	copy->pw_gid = pw->pw_gid;
431 	copy->pw_expire = pw->pw_expire;
432 	copy->pw_change = pw->pw_change;
433 	copy->pw_class = xstrdup(pw->pw_class);
434 	copy->pw_dir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
435 	copy->pw_shell = xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
436 	return copy;
437 }
438 
439 /*
440  * Convert ASCII string to TCP/IP port number.
441  * Port must be >=0 and <=65535.
442  * Return -1 if invalid.
443  */
444 int
445 a2port(const char *s)
446 {
447 	struct servent *se;
448 	long long port;
449 	const char *errstr;
450 
451 	port = strtonum(s, 0, 65535, &errstr);
452 	if (errstr == NULL)
453 		return (int)port;
454 	if ((se = getservbyname(s, "tcp")) != NULL)
455 		return ntohs(se->s_port);
456 	return -1;
457 }
458 
459 int
460 a2tun(const char *s, int *remote)
461 {
462 	const char *errstr = NULL;
463 	char *sp, *ep;
464 	int tun;
465 
466 	if (remote != NULL) {
467 		*remote = SSH_TUNID_ANY;
468 		sp = xstrdup(s);
469 		if ((ep = strchr(sp, ':')) == NULL) {
470 			free(sp);
471 			return (a2tun(s, NULL));
472 		}
473 		ep[0] = '\0'; ep++;
474 		*remote = a2tun(ep, NULL);
475 		tun = a2tun(sp, NULL);
476 		free(sp);
477 		return (*remote == SSH_TUNID_ERR ? *remote : tun);
478 	}
479 
480 	if (strcasecmp(s, "any") == 0)
481 		return (SSH_TUNID_ANY);
482 
483 	tun = strtonum(s, 0, SSH_TUNID_MAX, &errstr);
484 	if (errstr != NULL)
485 		return (SSH_TUNID_ERR);
486 
487 	return (tun);
488 }
489 
490 #define SECONDS		1
491 #define MINUTES		(SECONDS * 60)
492 #define HOURS		(MINUTES * 60)
493 #define DAYS		(HOURS * 24)
494 #define WEEKS		(DAYS * 7)
495 
496 /*
497  * Convert a time string into seconds; format is
498  * a sequence of:
499  *      time[qualifier]
500  *
501  * Valid time qualifiers are:
502  *      <none>  seconds
503  *      s|S     seconds
504  *      m|M     minutes
505  *      h|H     hours
506  *      d|D     days
507  *      w|W     weeks
508  *
509  * Examples:
510  *      90m     90 minutes
511  *      1h30m   90 minutes
512  *      2d      2 days
513  *      1w      1 week
514  *
515  * Return -1 if time string is invalid.
516  */
517 int
518 convtime(const char *s)
519 {
520 	long total, secs, multiplier;
521 	const char *p;
522 	char *endp;
523 
524 	errno = 0;
525 	total = 0;
526 	p = s;
527 
528 	if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
529 		return -1;
530 
531 	while (*p) {
532 		secs = strtol(p, &endp, 10);
533 		if (p == endp ||
534 		    (errno == ERANGE && (secs == INT_MIN || secs == INT_MAX)) ||
535 		    secs < 0)
536 			return -1;
537 
538 		multiplier = 1;
539 		switch (*endp++) {
540 		case '\0':
541 			endp--;
542 			break;
543 		case 's':
544 		case 'S':
545 			break;
546 		case 'm':
547 		case 'M':
548 			multiplier = MINUTES;
549 			break;
550 		case 'h':
551 		case 'H':
552 			multiplier = HOURS;
553 			break;
554 		case 'd':
555 		case 'D':
556 			multiplier = DAYS;
557 			break;
558 		case 'w':
559 		case 'W':
560 			multiplier = WEEKS;
561 			break;
562 		default:
563 			return -1;
564 		}
565 		if (secs > INT_MAX / multiplier)
566 			return -1;
567 		secs *= multiplier;
568 		if  (total > INT_MAX - secs)
569 			return -1;
570 		total += secs;
571 		if (total < 0)
572 			return -1;
573 		p = endp;
574 	}
575 
576 	return total;
577 }
578 
579 #define TF_BUFS	8
580 #define TF_LEN	9
581 
582 const char *
583 fmt_timeframe(time_t t)
584 {
585 	char		*buf;
586 	static char	 tfbuf[TF_BUFS][TF_LEN];	/* ring buffer */
587 	static int	 idx = 0;
588 	unsigned int	 sec, min, hrs, day;
589 	unsigned long long	week;
590 
591 	buf = tfbuf[idx++];
592 	if (idx == TF_BUFS)
593 		idx = 0;
594 
595 	week = t;
596 
597 	sec = week % 60;
598 	week /= 60;
599 	min = week % 60;
600 	week /= 60;
601 	hrs = week % 24;
602 	week /= 24;
603 	day = week % 7;
604 	week /= 7;
605 
606 	if (week > 0)
607 		snprintf(buf, TF_LEN, "%02lluw%01ud%02uh", week, day, hrs);
608 	else if (day > 0)
609 		snprintf(buf, TF_LEN, "%01ud%02uh%02um", day, hrs, min);
610 	else
611 		snprintf(buf, TF_LEN, "%02u:%02u:%02u", hrs, min, sec);
612 
613 	return (buf);
614 }
615 
616 /*
617  * Returns a standardized host+port identifier string.
618  * Caller must free returned string.
619  */
620 char *
621 put_host_port(const char *host, u_short port)
622 {
623 	char *hoststr;
624 
625 	if (port == 0 || port == SSH_DEFAULT_PORT)
626 		return(xstrdup(host));
627 	if (asprintf(&hoststr, "[%s]:%d", host, (int)port) == -1)
628 		fatal("put_host_port: asprintf: %s", strerror(errno));
629 	debug3("put_host_port: %s", hoststr);
630 	return hoststr;
631 }
632 
633 /*
634  * Search for next delimiter between hostnames/addresses and ports.
635  * Argument may be modified (for termination).
636  * Returns *cp if parsing succeeds.
637  * *cp is set to the start of the next field, if one was found.
638  * The delimiter char, if present, is stored in delim.
639  * If this is the last field, *cp is set to NULL.
640  */
641 char *
642 hpdelim2(char **cp, char *delim)
643 {
644 	char *s, *old;
645 
646 	if (cp == NULL || *cp == NULL)
647 		return NULL;
648 
649 	old = s = *cp;
650 	if (*s == '[') {
651 		if ((s = strchr(s, ']')) == NULL)
652 			return NULL;
653 		else
654 			s++;
655 	} else if ((s = strpbrk(s, ":/")) == NULL)
656 		s = *cp + strlen(*cp); /* skip to end (see first case below) */
657 
658 	switch (*s) {
659 	case '\0':
660 		*cp = NULL;	/* no more fields*/
661 		break;
662 
663 	case ':':
664 	case '/':
665 		if (delim != NULL)
666 			*delim = *s;
667 		*s = '\0';	/* terminate */
668 		*cp = s + 1;
669 		break;
670 
671 	default:
672 		return NULL;
673 	}
674 
675 	return old;
676 }
677 
678 /* The common case: only accept colon as delimiter. */
679 char *
680 hpdelim(char **cp)
681 {
682 	char *r, delim = '\0';
683 
684 	r =  hpdelim2(cp, &delim);
685 	if (delim == '/')
686 		return NULL;
687 	return r;
688 }
689 
690 char *
691 cleanhostname(char *host)
692 {
693 	if (*host == '[' && host[strlen(host) - 1] == ']') {
694 		host[strlen(host) - 1] = '\0';
695 		return (host + 1);
696 	} else
697 		return host;
698 }
699 
700 char *
701 colon(char *cp)
702 {
703 	int flag = 0;
704 
705 	if (*cp == ':')		/* Leading colon is part of file name. */
706 		return NULL;
707 	if (*cp == '[')
708 		flag = 1;
709 
710 	for (; *cp; ++cp) {
711 		if (*cp == '@' && *(cp+1) == '[')
712 			flag = 1;
713 		if (*cp == ']' && *(cp+1) == ':' && flag)
714 			return (cp+1);
715 		if (*cp == ':' && !flag)
716 			return (cp);
717 		if (*cp == '/')
718 			return NULL;
719 	}
720 	return NULL;
721 }
722 
723 /*
724  * Parse a [user@]host:[path] string.
725  * Caller must free returned user, host and path.
726  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
727  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
728  * If host was not specified then *hostp will be set to NULL.
729  * If path was not specified then *pathp will be set to ".".
730  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
731  */
732 int
733 parse_user_host_path(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, char **pathp)
734 {
735 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL, *path = NULL;
736 	char *sdup, *tmp;
737 	int ret = -1;
738 
739 	if (userp != NULL)
740 		*userp = NULL;
741 	if (hostp != NULL)
742 		*hostp = NULL;
743 	if (pathp != NULL)
744 		*pathp = NULL;
745 
746 	sdup = xstrdup(s);
747 
748 	/* Check for remote syntax: [user@]host:[path] */
749 	if ((tmp = colon(sdup)) == NULL)
750 		goto out;
751 
752 	/* Extract optional path */
753 	*tmp++ = '\0';
754 	if (*tmp == '\0')
755 		tmp = ".";
756 	path = xstrdup(tmp);
757 
758 	/* Extract optional user and mandatory host */
759 	tmp = strrchr(sdup, '@');
760 	if (tmp != NULL) {
761 		*tmp++ = '\0';
762 		host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(tmp));
763 		if (*sdup != '\0')
764 			user = xstrdup(sdup);
765 	} else {
766 		host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(sdup));
767 		user = NULL;
768 	}
769 
770 	/* Success */
771 	if (userp != NULL) {
772 		*userp = user;
773 		user = NULL;
774 	}
775 	if (hostp != NULL) {
776 		*hostp = host;
777 		host = NULL;
778 	}
779 	if (pathp != NULL) {
780 		*pathp = path;
781 		path = NULL;
782 	}
783 	ret = 0;
784 out:
785 	free(sdup);
786 	free(user);
787 	free(host);
788 	free(path);
789 	return ret;
790 }
791 
792 /*
793  * Parse a [user@]host[:port] string.
794  * Caller must free returned user and host.
795  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
796  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
797  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
798  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
799  */
800 int
801 parse_user_host_port(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, int *portp)
802 {
803 	char *sdup, *cp, *tmp;
804 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL;
805 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
806 
807 	if (userp != NULL)
808 		*userp = NULL;
809 	if (hostp != NULL)
810 		*hostp = NULL;
811 	if (portp != NULL)
812 		*portp = -1;
813 
814 	if ((sdup = tmp = strdup(s)) == NULL)
815 		return -1;
816 	/* Extract optional username */
817 	if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
818 		*cp = '\0';
819 		if (*tmp == '\0')
820 			goto out;
821 		if ((user = strdup(tmp)) == NULL)
822 			goto out;
823 		tmp = cp + 1;
824 	}
825 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
826 	if ((cp = hpdelim(&tmp)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
827 		goto out;
828 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
829 	/* Convert and verify optional port */
830 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
831 		if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
832 			goto out;
833 	}
834 	/* Success */
835 	if (userp != NULL) {
836 		*userp = user;
837 		user = NULL;
838 	}
839 	if (hostp != NULL) {
840 		*hostp = host;
841 		host = NULL;
842 	}
843 	if (portp != NULL)
844 		*portp = port;
845 	ret = 0;
846  out:
847 	free(sdup);
848 	free(user);
849 	free(host);
850 	return ret;
851 }
852 
853 /*
854  * Converts a two-byte hex string to decimal.
855  * Returns the decimal value or -1 for invalid input.
856  */
857 static int
858 hexchar(const char *s)
859 {
860 	unsigned char result[2];
861 	int i;
862 
863 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
864 		if (s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9')
865 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - '0');
866 		else if (s[i] >= 'a' && s[i] <= 'f')
867 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - 'a') + 10;
868 		else if (s[i] >= 'A' && s[i] <= 'F')
869 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - 'A') + 10;
870 		else
871 			return -1;
872 	}
873 	return (result[0] << 4) | result[1];
874 }
875 
876 /*
877  * Decode an url-encoded string.
878  * Returns a newly allocated string on success or NULL on failure.
879  */
880 static char *
881 urldecode(const char *src)
882 {
883 	char *ret, *dst;
884 	int ch;
885 	size_t srclen;
886 
887 	if ((srclen = strlen(src)) >= SIZE_MAX)
888 		fatal_f("input too large");
889 	ret = xmalloc(srclen + 1);
890 	for (dst = ret; *src != '\0'; src++) {
891 		switch (*src) {
892 		case '+':
893 			*dst++ = ' ';
894 			break;
895 		case '%':
896 			if (!isxdigit((unsigned char)src[1]) ||
897 			    !isxdigit((unsigned char)src[2]) ||
898 			    (ch = hexchar(src + 1)) == -1) {
899 				free(ret);
900 				return NULL;
901 			}
902 			*dst++ = ch;
903 			src += 2;
904 			break;
905 		default:
906 			*dst++ = *src;
907 			break;
908 		}
909 	}
910 	*dst = '\0';
911 
912 	return ret;
913 }
914 
915 /*
916  * Parse an (scp|ssh|sftp)://[user@]host[:port][/path] URI.
917  * See https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-scp-sftp-ssh-uri-04
918  * Either user or path may be url-encoded (but not host or port).
919  * Caller must free returned user, host and path.
920  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking)
921  * but the scheme must always be specified.
922  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
923  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
924  * If path was not specified then *pathp will be set to NULL.
925  * Returns 0 on success, 1 if non-uri/wrong scheme, -1 on error/invalid uri.
926  */
927 int
928 parse_uri(const char *scheme, const char *uri, char **userp, char **hostp,
929     int *portp, char **pathp)
930 {
931 	char *uridup, *cp, *tmp, ch;
932 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL, *path = NULL;
933 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
934 	size_t len;
935 
936 	len = strlen(scheme);
937 	if (strncmp(uri, scheme, len) != 0 || strncmp(uri + len, "://", 3) != 0)
938 		return 1;
939 	uri += len + 3;
940 
941 	if (userp != NULL)
942 		*userp = NULL;
943 	if (hostp != NULL)
944 		*hostp = NULL;
945 	if (portp != NULL)
946 		*portp = -1;
947 	if (pathp != NULL)
948 		*pathp = NULL;
949 
950 	uridup = tmp = xstrdup(uri);
951 
952 	/* Extract optional ssh-info (username + connection params) */
953 	if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
954 		char *delim;
955 
956 		*cp = '\0';
957 		/* Extract username and connection params */
958 		if ((delim = strchr(tmp, ';')) != NULL) {
959 			/* Just ignore connection params for now */
960 			*delim = '\0';
961 		}
962 		if (*tmp == '\0') {
963 			/* Empty username */
964 			goto out;
965 		}
966 		if ((user = urldecode(tmp)) == NULL)
967 			goto out;
968 		tmp = cp + 1;
969 	}
970 
971 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
972 	if ((cp = hpdelim2(&tmp, &ch)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
973 		goto out;
974 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
975 	if (!valid_domain(host, 0, NULL))
976 		goto out;
977 
978 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
979 		if (ch == ':') {
980 			/* Convert and verify port. */
981 			if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '/')) != NULL)
982 				*cp = '\0';
983 			if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
984 				goto out;
985 			tmp = cp ? cp + 1 : NULL;
986 		}
987 		if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
988 			/* Extract optional path */
989 			if ((path = urldecode(tmp)) == NULL)
990 				goto out;
991 		}
992 	}
993 
994 	/* Success */
995 	if (userp != NULL) {
996 		*userp = user;
997 		user = NULL;
998 	}
999 	if (hostp != NULL) {
1000 		*hostp = host;
1001 		host = NULL;
1002 	}
1003 	if (portp != NULL)
1004 		*portp = port;
1005 	if (pathp != NULL) {
1006 		*pathp = path;
1007 		path = NULL;
1008 	}
1009 	ret = 0;
1010  out:
1011 	free(uridup);
1012 	free(user);
1013 	free(host);
1014 	free(path);
1015 	return ret;
1016 }
1017 
1018 /* function to assist building execv() arguments */
1019 void
1020 addargs(arglist *args, char *fmt, ...)
1021 {
1022 	va_list ap;
1023 	char *cp;
1024 	u_int nalloc;
1025 	int r;
1026 
1027 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1028 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
1029 	va_end(ap);
1030 	if (r == -1)
1031 		fatal_f("argument too long");
1032 
1033 	nalloc = args->nalloc;
1034 	if (args->list == NULL) {
1035 		nalloc = 32;
1036 		args->num = 0;
1037 	} else if (args->num > (256 * 1024))
1038 		fatal_f("too many arguments");
1039 	else if (args->num >= args->nalloc)
1040 		fatal_f("arglist corrupt");
1041 	else if (args->num+2 >= nalloc)
1042 		nalloc *= 2;
1043 
1044 	args->list = xrecallocarray(args->list, args->nalloc,
1045 	    nalloc, sizeof(char *));
1046 	args->nalloc = nalloc;
1047 	args->list[args->num++] = cp;
1048 	args->list[args->num] = NULL;
1049 }
1050 
1051 void
1052 replacearg(arglist *args, u_int which, char *fmt, ...)
1053 {
1054 	va_list ap;
1055 	char *cp;
1056 	int r;
1057 
1058 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1059 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
1060 	va_end(ap);
1061 	if (r == -1)
1062 		fatal_f("argument too long");
1063 	if (args->list == NULL || args->num >= args->nalloc)
1064 		fatal_f("arglist corrupt");
1065 
1066 	if (which >= args->num)
1067 		fatal_f("tried to replace invalid arg %d >= %d",
1068 		    which, args->num);
1069 	free(args->list[which]);
1070 	args->list[which] = cp;
1071 }
1072 
1073 void
1074 freeargs(arglist *args)
1075 {
1076 	u_int i;
1077 
1078 	if (args == NULL)
1079 		return;
1080 	if (args->list != NULL && args->num < args->nalloc) {
1081 		for (i = 0; i < args->num; i++)
1082 			free(args->list[i]);
1083 		free(args->list);
1084 	}
1085 	args->nalloc = args->num = 0;
1086 	args->list = NULL;
1087 }
1088 
1089 /*
1090  * Expands tildes in the file name.  Returns data allocated by xmalloc.
1091  * Warning: this calls getpw*.
1092  */
1093 int
1094 tilde_expand(const char *filename, uid_t uid, char **retp)
1095 {
1096 	char *ocopy = NULL, *copy, *s = NULL;
1097 	const char *path = NULL, *user = NULL;
1098 	struct passwd *pw;
1099 	size_t len;
1100 	int ret = -1, r, slash;
1101 
1102 	*retp = NULL;
1103 	if (*filename != '~') {
1104 		*retp = xstrdup(filename);
1105 		return 0;
1106 	}
1107 	ocopy = copy = xstrdup(filename + 1);
1108 
1109 	if (*copy == '\0')				/* ~ */
1110 		path = NULL;
1111 	else if (*copy == '/') {
1112 		copy += strspn(copy, "/");
1113 		if (*copy == '\0')
1114 			path = NULL;			/* ~/ */
1115 		else
1116 			path = copy;			/* ~/path */
1117 	} else {
1118 		user = copy;
1119 		if ((path = strchr(copy, '/')) != NULL) {
1120 			copy[path - copy] = '\0';
1121 			path++;
1122 			path += strspn(path, "/");
1123 			if (*path == '\0')		/* ~user/ */
1124 				path = NULL;
1125 			/* else				 ~user/path */
1126 		}
1127 		/* else					~user */
1128 	}
1129 	if (user != NULL) {
1130 		if ((pw = getpwnam(user)) == NULL) {
1131 			error_f("No such user %s", user);
1132 			goto out;
1133 		}
1134 	} else if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL) {
1135 		error_f("No such uid %ld", (long)uid);
1136 		goto out;
1137 	}
1138 
1139 	/* Make sure directory has a trailing '/' */
1140 	slash = (len = strlen(pw->pw_dir)) == 0 || pw->pw_dir[len - 1] != '/';
1141 
1142 	if ((r = xasprintf(&s, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir,
1143 	    slash ? "/" : "", path != NULL ? path : "")) <= 0) {
1144 		error_f("xasprintf failed");
1145 		goto out;
1146 	}
1147 	if (r >= PATH_MAX) {
1148 		error_f("Path too long");
1149 		goto out;
1150 	}
1151 	/* success */
1152 	ret = 0;
1153 	*retp = s;
1154 	s = NULL;
1155  out:
1156 	free(s);
1157 	free(ocopy);
1158 	return ret;
1159 }
1160 
1161 char *
1162 tilde_expand_filename(const char *filename, uid_t uid)
1163 {
1164 	char *ret;
1165 
1166 	if (tilde_expand(filename, uid, &ret) != 0)
1167 		cleanup_exit(255);
1168 	return ret;
1169 }
1170 
1171 /*
1172  * Expand a string with a set of %[char] escapes and/or ${ENVIRONMENT}
1173  * substitutions.  A number of escapes may be specified as
1174  * (char *escape_chars, char *replacement) pairs. The list must be terminated
1175  * by a NULL escape_char. Returns replaced string in memory allocated by
1176  * xmalloc which the caller must free.
1177  */
1178 static char *
1179 vdollar_percent_expand(int *parseerror, int dollar, int percent,
1180     const char *string, va_list ap)
1181 {
1182 #define EXPAND_MAX_KEYS	16
1183 	u_int num_keys = 0, i;
1184 	struct {
1185 		const char *key;
1186 		const char *repl;
1187 	} keys[EXPAND_MAX_KEYS];
1188 	struct sshbuf *buf;
1189 	int r, missingvar = 0;
1190 	char *ret = NULL, *var, *varend, *val;
1191 	size_t len;
1192 
1193 	if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1194 		fatal_f("sshbuf_new failed");
1195 	if (parseerror == NULL)
1196 		fatal_f("null parseerror arg");
1197 	*parseerror = 1;
1198 
1199 	/* Gather keys if we're doing percent expansion. */
1200 	if (percent) {
1201 		for (num_keys = 0; num_keys < EXPAND_MAX_KEYS; num_keys++) {
1202 			keys[num_keys].key = va_arg(ap, char *);
1203 			if (keys[num_keys].key == NULL)
1204 				break;
1205 			keys[num_keys].repl = va_arg(ap, char *);
1206 			if (keys[num_keys].repl == NULL) {
1207 				fatal_f("NULL replacement for token %s",
1208 				    keys[num_keys].key);
1209 			}
1210 		}
1211 		if (num_keys == EXPAND_MAX_KEYS && va_arg(ap, char *) != NULL)
1212 			fatal_f("too many keys");
1213 		if (num_keys == 0)
1214 			fatal_f("percent expansion without token list");
1215 	}
1216 
1217 	/* Expand string */
1218 	for (i = 0; *string != '\0'; string++) {
1219 		/* Optionally process ${ENVIRONMENT} expansions. */
1220 		if (dollar && string[0] == '$' && string[1] == '{') {
1221 			string += 2;  /* skip over '${' */
1222 			if ((varend = strchr(string, '}')) == NULL) {
1223 				error_f("environment variable '%s' missing "
1224 				    "closing '}'", string);
1225 				goto out;
1226 			}
1227 			len = varend - string;
1228 			if (len == 0) {
1229 				error_f("zero-length environment variable");
1230 				goto out;
1231 			}
1232 			var = xmalloc(len + 1);
1233 			(void)strlcpy(var, string, len + 1);
1234 			if ((val = getenv(var)) == NULL) {
1235 				error_f("env var ${%s} has no value", var);
1236 				missingvar = 1;
1237 			} else {
1238 				debug3_f("expand ${%s} -> '%s'", var, val);
1239 				if ((r = sshbuf_put(buf, val, strlen(val))) !=0)
1240 					fatal_fr(r, "sshbuf_put ${}");
1241 			}
1242 			free(var);
1243 			string += len;
1244 			continue;
1245 		}
1246 
1247 		/*
1248 		 * Process percent expansions if we have a list of TOKENs.
1249 		 * If we're not doing percent expansion everything just gets
1250 		 * appended here.
1251 		 */
1252 		if (*string != '%' || !percent) {
1253  append:
1254 			if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, *string)) != 0)
1255 				fatal_fr(r, "sshbuf_put_u8 %%");
1256 			continue;
1257 		}
1258 		string++;
1259 		/* %% case */
1260 		if (*string == '%')
1261 			goto append;
1262 		if (*string == '\0') {
1263 			error_f("invalid format");
1264 			goto out;
1265 		}
1266 		for (i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
1267 			if (strchr(keys[i].key, *string) != NULL) {
1268 				if ((r = sshbuf_put(buf, keys[i].repl,
1269 				    strlen(keys[i].repl))) != 0)
1270 					fatal_fr(r, "sshbuf_put %%-repl");
1271 				break;
1272 			}
1273 		}
1274 		if (i >= num_keys) {
1275 			error_f("unknown key %%%c", *string);
1276 			goto out;
1277 		}
1278 	}
1279 	if (!missingvar && (ret = sshbuf_dup_string(buf)) == NULL)
1280 		fatal_f("sshbuf_dup_string failed");
1281 	*parseerror = 0;
1282  out:
1283 	sshbuf_free(buf);
1284 	return *parseerror ? NULL : ret;
1285 #undef EXPAND_MAX_KEYS
1286 }
1287 
1288 /*
1289  * Expand only environment variables.
1290  * Note that although this function is variadic like the other similar
1291  * functions, any such arguments will be unused.
1292  */
1293 
1294 char *
1295 dollar_expand(int *parseerr, const char *string, ...)
1296 {
1297 	char *ret;
1298 	int err;
1299 	va_list ap;
1300 
1301 	va_start(ap, string);
1302 	ret = vdollar_percent_expand(&err, 1, 0, string, ap);
1303 	va_end(ap);
1304 	if (parseerr != NULL)
1305 		*parseerr = err;
1306 	return ret;
1307 }
1308 
1309 /*
1310  * Returns expanded string or NULL if a specified environment variable is
1311  * not defined, or calls fatal if the string is invalid.
1312  */
1313 char *
1314 percent_expand(const char *string, ...)
1315 {
1316 	char *ret;
1317 	int err;
1318 	va_list ap;
1319 
1320 	va_start(ap, string);
1321 	ret = vdollar_percent_expand(&err, 0, 1, string, ap);
1322 	va_end(ap);
1323 	if (err)
1324 		fatal_f("failed");
1325 	return ret;
1326 }
1327 
1328 /*
1329  * Returns expanded string or NULL if a specified environment variable is
1330  * not defined, or calls fatal if the string is invalid.
1331  */
1332 char *
1333 percent_dollar_expand(const char *string, ...)
1334 {
1335 	char *ret;
1336 	int err;
1337 	va_list ap;
1338 
1339 	va_start(ap, string);
1340 	ret = vdollar_percent_expand(&err, 1, 1, string, ap);
1341 	va_end(ap);
1342 	if (err)
1343 		fatal_f("failed");
1344 	return ret;
1345 }
1346 
1347 int
1348 tun_open(int tun, int mode, char **ifname)
1349 {
1350 	struct ifreq ifr;
1351 	char name[100];
1352 	int fd = -1, sock;
1353 	const char *tunbase = "tun";
1354 
1355 	if (ifname != NULL)
1356 		*ifname = NULL;
1357 
1358 	if (mode == SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET)
1359 		tunbase = "tap";
1360 
1361 	/* Open the tunnel device */
1362 	if (tun <= SSH_TUNID_MAX) {
1363 		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d", tunbase, tun);
1364 		fd = open(name, O_RDWR);
1365 	} else if (tun == SSH_TUNID_ANY) {
1366 		for (tun = 100; tun >= 0; tun--) {
1367 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d",
1368 			    tunbase, tun);
1369 			if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
1370 				break;
1371 		}
1372 	} else {
1373 		debug_f("invalid tunnel %u", tun);
1374 		return -1;
1375 	}
1376 
1377 	if (fd == -1) {
1378 		debug_f("%s open: %s", name, strerror(errno));
1379 		return -1;
1380 	}
1381 
1382 	debug_f("%s mode %d fd %d", name, mode, fd);
1383 
1384 	/* Bring interface up if it is not already */
1385 	snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "%s%d", tunbase, tun);
1386 	if ((sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
1387 		goto failed;
1388 
1389 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
1390 		debug_f("get interface %s flags: %s", ifr.ifr_name,
1391 		    strerror(errno));
1392 		goto failed;
1393 	}
1394 
1395 	if (!(ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_UP)) {
1396 		ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
1397 		if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
1398 			debug_f("activate interface %s: %s", ifr.ifr_name,
1399 			    strerror(errno));
1400 			goto failed;
1401 		}
1402 	}
1403 
1404 	if (ifname != NULL)
1405 		*ifname = xstrdup(ifr.ifr_name);
1406 
1407 	close(sock);
1408 	return fd;
1409 
1410  failed:
1411 	if (fd >= 0)
1412 		close(fd);
1413 	if (sock >= 0)
1414 		close(sock);
1415 	return -1;
1416 }
1417 
1418 void
1419 sanitise_stdfd(void)
1420 {
1421 	int nullfd, dupfd;
1422 
1423 	if ((nullfd = dupfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
1424 		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /dev/null: %s\n",
1425 		    strerror(errno));
1426 		exit(1);
1427 	}
1428 	while (++dupfd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
1429 		/* Only populate closed fds. */
1430 		if (fcntl(dupfd, F_GETFL) == -1 && errno == EBADF) {
1431 			if (dup2(nullfd, dupfd) == -1) {
1432 				fprintf(stderr, "dup2: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1433 				exit(1);
1434 			}
1435 		}
1436 	}
1437 	if (nullfd > STDERR_FILENO)
1438 		close(nullfd);
1439 }
1440 
1441 char *
1442 tohex(const void *vp, size_t l)
1443 {
1444 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1445 	char b[3], *r;
1446 	size_t i, hl;
1447 
1448 	if (l > 65536)
1449 		return xstrdup("tohex: length > 65536");
1450 
1451 	hl = l * 2 + 1;
1452 	r = xcalloc(1, hl);
1453 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
1454 		snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x", p[i]);
1455 		strlcat(r, b, hl);
1456 	}
1457 	return (r);
1458 }
1459 
1460 /*
1461  * Extend string *sp by the specified format. If *sp is not NULL (or empty),
1462  * then the separator 'sep' will be prepended before the formatted arguments.
1463  * Extended strings are heap allocated.
1464  */
1465 void
1466 xextendf(char **sp, const char *sep, const char *fmt, ...)
1467 {
1468 	va_list ap;
1469 	char *tmp1, *tmp2;
1470 
1471 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1472 	xvasprintf(&tmp1, fmt, ap);
1473 	va_end(ap);
1474 
1475 	if (*sp == NULL || **sp == '\0') {
1476 		free(*sp);
1477 		*sp = tmp1;
1478 		return;
1479 	}
1480 	xasprintf(&tmp2, "%s%s%s", *sp, sep == NULL ? "" : sep, tmp1);
1481 	free(tmp1);
1482 	free(*sp);
1483 	*sp = tmp2;
1484 }
1485 
1486 
1487 u_int64_t
1488 get_u64(const void *vp)
1489 {
1490 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1491 	u_int64_t v;
1492 
1493 	v  = (u_int64_t)p[0] << 56;
1494 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[1] << 48;
1495 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[2] << 40;
1496 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[3] << 32;
1497 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[4] << 24;
1498 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[5] << 16;
1499 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[6] << 8;
1500 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[7];
1501 
1502 	return (v);
1503 }
1504 
1505 u_int32_t
1506 get_u32(const void *vp)
1507 {
1508 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1509 	u_int32_t v;
1510 
1511 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0] << 24;
1512 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 16;
1513 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 8;
1514 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3];
1515 
1516 	return (v);
1517 }
1518 
1519 u_int32_t
1520 get_u32_le(const void *vp)
1521 {
1522 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1523 	u_int32_t v;
1524 
1525 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0];
1526 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 8;
1527 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 16;
1528 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3] << 24;
1529 
1530 	return (v);
1531 }
1532 
1533 u_int16_t
1534 get_u16(const void *vp)
1535 {
1536 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1537 	u_int16_t v;
1538 
1539 	v  = (u_int16_t)p[0] << 8;
1540 	v |= (u_int16_t)p[1];
1541 
1542 	return (v);
1543 }
1544 
1545 void
1546 put_u64(void *vp, u_int64_t v)
1547 {
1548 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1549 
1550 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 56) & 0xff;
1551 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 48) & 0xff;
1552 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 40) & 0xff;
1553 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 32) & 0xff;
1554 	p[4] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1555 	p[5] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1556 	p[6] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1557 	p[7] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1558 }
1559 
1560 void
1561 put_u32(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
1562 {
1563 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1564 
1565 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1566 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1567 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1568 	p[3] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1569 }
1570 
1571 void
1572 put_u32_le(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
1573 {
1574 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1575 
1576 	p[0] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1577 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1578 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1579 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1580 }
1581 
1582 void
1583 put_u16(void *vp, u_int16_t v)
1584 {
1585 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1586 
1587 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1588 	p[1] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1589 }
1590 
1591 void
1592 ms_subtract_diff(struct timeval *start, int *ms)
1593 {
1594 	struct timeval diff, finish;
1595 
1596 	monotime_tv(&finish);
1597 	timersub(&finish, start, &diff);
1598 	*ms -= (diff.tv_sec * 1000) + (diff.tv_usec / 1000);
1599 }
1600 
1601 void
1602 ms_to_timespec(struct timespec *ts, int ms)
1603 {
1604 	if (ms < 0)
1605 		ms = 0;
1606 	ts->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
1607 	ts->tv_nsec = (ms % 1000) * 1000 * 1000;
1608 }
1609 
1610 void
1611 monotime_ts(struct timespec *ts)
1612 {
1613 	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, ts) != 0)
1614 		fatal("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
1615 }
1616 
1617 void
1618 monotime_tv(struct timeval *tv)
1619 {
1620 	struct timespec ts;
1621 
1622 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1623 	tv->tv_sec = ts.tv_sec;
1624 	tv->tv_usec = ts.tv_nsec / 1000;
1625 }
1626 
1627 time_t
1628 monotime(void)
1629 {
1630 	struct timespec ts;
1631 
1632 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1633 	return (ts.tv_sec);
1634 }
1635 
1636 double
1637 monotime_double(void)
1638 {
1639 	struct timespec ts;
1640 
1641 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1642 	return (double)ts.tv_sec + (double)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000000.0;
1643 }
1644 
1645 void
1646 bandwidth_limit_init(struct bwlimit *bw, u_int64_t kbps, size_t buflen)
1647 {
1648 	bw->buflen = buflen;
1649 	bw->rate = kbps;
1650 	bw->thresh = buflen;
1651 	bw->lamt = 0;
1652 	timerclear(&bw->bwstart);
1653 	timerclear(&bw->bwend);
1654 }
1655 
1656 /* Callback from read/write loop to insert bandwidth-limiting delays */
1657 void
1658 bandwidth_limit(struct bwlimit *bw, size_t read_len)
1659 {
1660 	u_int64_t waitlen;
1661 	struct timespec ts, rm;
1662 
1663 	bw->lamt += read_len;
1664 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwstart)) {
1665 		monotime_tv(&bw->bwstart);
1666 		return;
1667 	}
1668 	if (bw->lamt < bw->thresh)
1669 		return;
1670 
1671 	monotime_tv(&bw->bwend);
1672 	timersub(&bw->bwend, &bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend);
1673 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwend))
1674 		return;
1675 
1676 	bw->lamt *= 8;
1677 	waitlen = (double)1000000L * bw->lamt / bw->rate;
1678 
1679 	bw->bwstart.tv_sec = waitlen / 1000000L;
1680 	bw->bwstart.tv_usec = waitlen % 1000000L;
1681 
1682 	if (timercmp(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, >)) {
1683 		timersub(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, &bw->bwend);
1684 
1685 		/* Adjust the wait time */
1686 		if (bw->bwend.tv_sec) {
1687 			bw->thresh /= 2;
1688 			if (bw->thresh < bw->buflen / 4)
1689 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen / 4;
1690 		} else if (bw->bwend.tv_usec < 10000) {
1691 			bw->thresh *= 2;
1692 			if (bw->thresh > bw->buflen * 8)
1693 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen * 8;
1694 		}
1695 
1696 		TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(&bw->bwend, &ts);
1697 		while (nanosleep(&ts, &rm) == -1) {
1698 			if (errno != EINTR)
1699 				break;
1700 			ts = rm;
1701 		}
1702 	}
1703 
1704 	bw->lamt = 0;
1705 	monotime_tv(&bw->bwstart);
1706 }
1707 
1708 /* Make a template filename for mk[sd]temp() */
1709 void
1710 mktemp_proto(char *s, size_t len)
1711 {
1712 	const char *tmpdir;
1713 	int r;
1714 
1715 	if ((tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR")) != NULL) {
1716 		r = snprintf(s, len, "%s/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX", tmpdir);
1717 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < len)
1718 			return;
1719 	}
1720 	r = snprintf(s, len, "/tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX");
1721 	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= len)
1722 		fatal_f("template string too short");
1723 }
1724 
1725 static const struct {
1726 	const char *name;
1727 	int value;
1728 } ipqos[] = {
1729 	{ "none", INT_MAX },		/* can't use 0 here; that's CS0 */
1730 	{ "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
1731 	{ "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
1732 	{ "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
1733 	{ "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
1734 	{ "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
1735 	{ "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
1736 	{ "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
1737 	{ "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
1738 	{ "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
1739 	{ "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
1740 	{ "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
1741 	{ "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
1742 	{ "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
1743 	{ "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
1744 	{ "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
1745 	{ "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
1746 	{ "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
1747 	{ "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
1748 	{ "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
1749 	{ "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
1750 	{ "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
1751 	{ "le", IPTOS_DSCP_LE },
1752 	{ "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
1753 	{ "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
1754 	{ "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
1755 	{ NULL, -1 }
1756 };
1757 
1758 int
1759 parse_ipqos(const char *cp)
1760 {
1761 	u_int i;
1762 	char *ep;
1763 	long val;
1764 
1765 	if (cp == NULL)
1766 		return -1;
1767 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1768 		if (strcasecmp(cp, ipqos[i].name) == 0)
1769 			return ipqos[i].value;
1770 	}
1771 	/* Try parsing as an integer */
1772 	val = strtol(cp, &ep, 0);
1773 	if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0' || val < 0 || val > 255)
1774 		return -1;
1775 	return val;
1776 }
1777 
1778 const char *
1779 iptos2str(int iptos)
1780 {
1781 	int i;
1782 	static char iptos_str[sizeof "0xff"];
1783 
1784 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1785 		if (ipqos[i].value == iptos)
1786 			return ipqos[i].name;
1787 	}
1788 	snprintf(iptos_str, sizeof iptos_str, "0x%02x", iptos);
1789 	return iptos_str;
1790 }
1791 
1792 void
1793 lowercase(char *s)
1794 {
1795 	for (; *s; s++)
1796 		*s = tolower((u_char)*s);
1797 }
1798 
1799 int
1800 unix_listener(const char *path, int backlog, int unlink_first)
1801 {
1802 	struct sockaddr_un sunaddr;
1803 	int saved_errno, sock;
1804 
1805 	memset(&sunaddr, 0, sizeof(sunaddr));
1806 	sunaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
1807 	if (strlcpy(sunaddr.sun_path, path,
1808 	    sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) >= sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) {
1809 		error_f("path \"%s\" too long for Unix domain socket", path);
1810 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
1811 		return -1;
1812 	}
1813 
1814 	sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
1815 	if (sock == -1) {
1816 		saved_errno = errno;
1817 		error_f("socket: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1818 		errno = saved_errno;
1819 		return -1;
1820 	}
1821 	if (unlink_first == 1) {
1822 		if (unlink(path) != 0 && errno != ENOENT)
1823 			error("unlink(%s): %.100s", path, strerror(errno));
1824 	}
1825 	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sunaddr, sizeof(sunaddr)) == -1) {
1826 		saved_errno = errno;
1827 		error_f("cannot bind to path %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1828 		close(sock);
1829 		errno = saved_errno;
1830 		return -1;
1831 	}
1832 	if (listen(sock, backlog) == -1) {
1833 		saved_errno = errno;
1834 		error_f("cannot listen on path %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1835 		close(sock);
1836 		unlink(path);
1837 		errno = saved_errno;
1838 		return -1;
1839 	}
1840 	return sock;
1841 }
1842 
1843 /*
1844  * Compares two strings that maybe be NULL. Returns non-zero if strings
1845  * are both NULL or are identical, returns zero otherwise.
1846  */
1847 static int
1848 strcmp_maybe_null(const char *a, const char *b)
1849 {
1850 	if ((a == NULL && b != NULL) || (a != NULL && b == NULL))
1851 		return 0;
1852 	if (a != NULL && strcmp(a, b) != 0)
1853 		return 0;
1854 	return 1;
1855 }
1856 
1857 /*
1858  * Compare two forwards, returning non-zero if they are identical or
1859  * zero otherwise.
1860  */
1861 int
1862 forward_equals(const struct Forward *a, const struct Forward *b)
1863 {
1864 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_host, b->listen_host) == 0)
1865 		return 0;
1866 	if (a->listen_port != b->listen_port)
1867 		return 0;
1868 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_path, b->listen_path) == 0)
1869 		return 0;
1870 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_host, b->connect_host) == 0)
1871 		return 0;
1872 	if (a->connect_port != b->connect_port)
1873 		return 0;
1874 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_path, b->connect_path) == 0)
1875 		return 0;
1876 	/* allocated_port and handle are not checked */
1877 	return 1;
1878 }
1879 
1880 /* returns 1 if process is already daemonized, 0 otherwise */
1881 int
1882 daemonized(void)
1883 {
1884 	int fd;
1885 
1886 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY)) >= 0) {
1887 		close(fd);
1888 		return 0;	/* have controlling terminal */
1889 	}
1890 	if (getppid() != 1)
1891 		return 0;	/* parent is not init */
1892 	if (getsid(0) != getpid())
1893 		return 0;	/* not session leader */
1894 	debug3("already daemonized");
1895 	return 1;
1896 }
1897 
1898 /*
1899  * Splits 's' into an argument vector. Handles quoted string and basic
1900  * escape characters (\\, \", \'). Caller must free the argument vector
1901  * and its members.
1902  */
1903 int
1904 argv_split(const char *s, int *argcp, char ***argvp, int terminate_on_comment)
1905 {
1906 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1907 	int argc = 0, quote, i, j;
1908 	char *arg, **argv = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*argv));
1909 
1910 	*argvp = NULL;
1911 	*argcp = 0;
1912 
1913 	for (i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1914 		/* Skip leading whitespace */
1915 		if (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t')
1916 			continue;
1917 		if (terminate_on_comment && s[i] == '#')
1918 			break;
1919 		/* Start of a token */
1920 		quote = 0;
1921 
1922 		argv = xreallocarray(argv, (argc + 2), sizeof(*argv));
1923 		arg = argv[argc++] = xcalloc(1, strlen(s + i) + 1);
1924 		argv[argc] = NULL;
1925 
1926 		/* Copy the token in, removing escapes */
1927 		for (j = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1928 			if (s[i] == '\\') {
1929 				if (s[i + 1] == '\'' ||
1930 				    s[i + 1] == '\"' ||
1931 				    s[i + 1] == '\\' ||
1932 				    (quote == 0 && s[i + 1] == ' ')) {
1933 					i++; /* Skip '\' */
1934 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1935 				} else {
1936 					/* Unrecognised escape */
1937 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1938 				}
1939 			} else if (quote == 0 && (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t'))
1940 				break; /* done */
1941 			else if (quote == 0 && (s[i] == '\"' || s[i] == '\''))
1942 				quote = s[i]; /* quote start */
1943 			else if (quote != 0 && s[i] == quote)
1944 				quote = 0; /* quote end */
1945 			else
1946 				arg[j++] = s[i];
1947 		}
1948 		if (s[i] == '\0') {
1949 			if (quote != 0) {
1950 				/* Ran out of string looking for close quote */
1951 				r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
1952 				goto out;
1953 			}
1954 			break;
1955 		}
1956 	}
1957 	/* Success */
1958 	*argcp = argc;
1959 	*argvp = argv;
1960 	argc = 0;
1961 	argv = NULL;
1962 	r = 0;
1963  out:
1964 	if (argc != 0 && argv != NULL) {
1965 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
1966 			free(argv[i]);
1967 		free(argv);
1968 	}
1969 	return r;
1970 }
1971 
1972 /*
1973  * Reassemble an argument vector into a string, quoting and escaping as
1974  * necessary. Caller must free returned string.
1975  */
1976 char *
1977 argv_assemble(int argc, char **argv)
1978 {
1979 	int i, j, ws, r;
1980 	char c, *ret;
1981 	struct sshbuf *buf, *arg;
1982 
1983 	if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL || (arg = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1984 		fatal_f("sshbuf_new failed");
1985 
1986 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1987 		ws = 0;
1988 		sshbuf_reset(arg);
1989 		for (j = 0; argv[i][j] != '\0'; j++) {
1990 			r = 0;
1991 			c = argv[i][j];
1992 			switch (c) {
1993 			case ' ':
1994 			case '\t':
1995 				ws = 1;
1996 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
1997 				break;
1998 			case '\\':
1999 			case '\'':
2000 			case '"':
2001 				if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, '\\')) != 0)
2002 					break;
2003 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
2004 			default:
2005 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
2006 				break;
2007 			}
2008 			if (r != 0)
2009 				fatal_fr(r, "sshbuf_put_u8");
2010 		}
2011 		if ((i != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, ' ')) != 0) ||
2012 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0) ||
2013 		    (r = sshbuf_putb(buf, arg)) != 0 ||
2014 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0))
2015 			fatal_fr(r, "assemble");
2016 	}
2017 	if ((ret = malloc(sshbuf_len(buf) + 1)) == NULL)
2018 		fatal_f("malloc failed");
2019 	memcpy(ret, sshbuf_ptr(buf), sshbuf_len(buf));
2020 	ret[sshbuf_len(buf)] = '\0';
2021 	sshbuf_free(buf);
2022 	sshbuf_free(arg);
2023 	return ret;
2024 }
2025 
2026 char *
2027 argv_next(int *argcp, char ***argvp)
2028 {
2029 	char *ret = (*argvp)[0];
2030 
2031 	if (*argcp > 0 && ret != NULL) {
2032 		(*argcp)--;
2033 		(*argvp)++;
2034 	}
2035 	return ret;
2036 }
2037 
2038 void
2039 argv_consume(int *argcp)
2040 {
2041 	*argcp = 0;
2042 }
2043 
2044 void
2045 argv_free(char **av, int ac)
2046 {
2047 	int i;
2048 
2049 	if (av == NULL)
2050 		return;
2051 	for (i = 0; i < ac; i++)
2052 		free(av[i]);
2053 	free(av);
2054 }
2055 
2056 /* Returns 0 if pid exited cleanly, non-zero otherwise */
2057 int
2058 exited_cleanly(pid_t pid, const char *tag, const char *cmd, int quiet)
2059 {
2060 	int status;
2061 
2062 	while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
2063 		if (errno != EINTR) {
2064 			error("%s waitpid: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2065 			return -1;
2066 		}
2067 	}
2068 	if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
2069 		error("%s %s exited on signal %d", tag, cmd, WTERMSIG(status));
2070 		return -1;
2071 	} else if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
2072 		do_log2(quiet ? SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 : SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO,
2073 		    "%s %s failed, status %d", tag, cmd, WEXITSTATUS(status));
2074 		return -1;
2075 	}
2076 	return 0;
2077 }
2078 
2079 /*
2080  * Check a given path for security. This is defined as all components
2081  * of the path to the file must be owned by either the owner of
2082  * of the file or root and no directories must be group or world writable.
2083  *
2084  * XXX Should any specific check be done for sym links ?
2085  *
2086  * Takes a file name, its stat information (preferably from fstat() to
2087  * avoid races), the uid of the expected owner, their home directory and an
2088  * error buffer plus max size as arguments.
2089  *
2090  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
2091  */
2092 int
2093 safe_path(const char *name, struct stat *stp, const char *pw_dir,
2094     uid_t uid, char *err, size_t errlen)
2095 {
2096 	char buf[PATH_MAX], homedir[PATH_MAX];
2097 	char *cp;
2098 	int comparehome = 0;
2099 	struct stat st;
2100 
2101 	if (realpath(name, buf) == NULL) {
2102 		snprintf(err, errlen, "realpath %s failed: %s", name,
2103 		    strerror(errno));
2104 		return -1;
2105 	}
2106 	if (pw_dir != NULL && realpath(pw_dir, homedir) != NULL)
2107 		comparehome = 1;
2108 
2109 	if (!S_ISREG(stp->st_mode)) {
2110 		snprintf(err, errlen, "%s is not a regular file", buf);
2111 		return -1;
2112 	}
2113 	if ((stp->st_uid != 0 && stp->st_uid != uid) ||
2114 	    (stp->st_mode & 022) != 0) {
2115 		snprintf(err, errlen, "bad ownership or modes for file %s",
2116 		    buf);
2117 		return -1;
2118 	}
2119 
2120 	/* for each component of the canonical path, walking upwards */
2121 	for (;;) {
2122 		if ((cp = dirname(buf)) == NULL) {
2123 			snprintf(err, errlen, "dirname() failed");
2124 			return -1;
2125 		}
2126 		strlcpy(buf, cp, sizeof(buf));
2127 
2128 		if (stat(buf, &st) == -1 ||
2129 		    (st.st_uid != 0 && st.st_uid != uid) ||
2130 		    (st.st_mode & 022) != 0) {
2131 			snprintf(err, errlen,
2132 			    "bad ownership or modes for directory %s", buf);
2133 			return -1;
2134 		}
2135 
2136 		/* If are past the homedir then we can stop */
2137 		if (comparehome && strcmp(homedir, buf) == 0)
2138 			break;
2139 
2140 		/*
2141 		 * dirname should always complete with a "/" path,
2142 		 * but we can be paranoid and check for "." too
2143 		 */
2144 		if ((strcmp("/", buf) == 0) || (strcmp(".", buf) == 0))
2145 			break;
2146 	}
2147 	return 0;
2148 }
2149 
2150 /*
2151  * Version of safe_path() that accepts an open file descriptor to
2152  * avoid races.
2153  *
2154  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
2155  */
2156 int
2157 safe_path_fd(int fd, const char *file, struct passwd *pw,
2158     char *err, size_t errlen)
2159 {
2160 	struct stat st;
2161 
2162 	/* check the open file to avoid races */
2163 	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) {
2164 		snprintf(err, errlen, "cannot stat file %s: %s",
2165 		    file, strerror(errno));
2166 		return -1;
2167 	}
2168 	return safe_path(file, &st, pw->pw_dir, pw->pw_uid, err, errlen);
2169 }
2170 
2171 /*
2172  * Sets the value of the given variable in the environment.  If the variable
2173  * already exists, its value is overridden.
2174  */
2175 void
2176 child_set_env(char ***envp, u_int *envsizep, const char *name,
2177 	const char *value)
2178 {
2179 	char **env;
2180 	u_int envsize;
2181 	u_int i, namelen;
2182 
2183 	if (strchr(name, '=') != NULL) {
2184 		error("Invalid environment variable \"%.100s\"", name);
2185 		return;
2186 	}
2187 
2188 	/*
2189 	 * Find the slot where the value should be stored.  If the variable
2190 	 * already exists, we reuse the slot; otherwise we append a new slot
2191 	 * at the end of the array, expanding if necessary.
2192 	 */
2193 	env = *envp;
2194 	namelen = strlen(name);
2195 	for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
2196 		if (strncmp(env[i], name, namelen) == 0 && env[i][namelen] == '=')
2197 			break;
2198 	if (env[i]) {
2199 		/* Reuse the slot. */
2200 		free(env[i]);
2201 	} else {
2202 		/* New variable.  Expand if necessary. */
2203 		envsize = *envsizep;
2204 		if (i >= envsize - 1) {
2205 			if (envsize >= 1000)
2206 				fatal("child_set_env: too many env vars");
2207 			envsize += 50;
2208 			env = (*envp) = xreallocarray(env, envsize, sizeof(char *));
2209 			*envsizep = envsize;
2210 		}
2211 		/* Need to set the NULL pointer at end of array beyond the new slot. */
2212 		env[i + 1] = NULL;
2213 	}
2214 
2215 	/* Allocate space and format the variable in the appropriate slot. */
2216 	/* XXX xasprintf */
2217 	env[i] = xmalloc(strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1);
2218 	snprintf(env[i], strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1, "%s=%s", name, value);
2219 }
2220 
2221 /*
2222  * Check and optionally lowercase a domain name, also removes trailing '.'
2223  * Returns 1 on success and 0 on failure, storing an error message in errstr.
2224  */
2225 int
2226 valid_domain(char *name, int makelower, const char **errstr)
2227 {
2228 	size_t i, l = strlen(name);
2229 	u_char c, last = '\0';
2230 	static char errbuf[256];
2231 
2232 	if (l == 0) {
2233 		strlcpy(errbuf, "empty domain name", sizeof(errbuf));
2234 		goto bad;
2235 	}
2236 	if (!isalpha((u_char)name[0]) && !isdigit((u_char)name[0])) {
2237 		snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name \"%.100s\" "
2238 		    "starts with invalid character", name);
2239 		goto bad;
2240 	}
2241 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
2242 		c = tolower((u_char)name[i]);
2243 		if (makelower)
2244 			name[i] = (char)c;
2245 		if (last == '.' && c == '.') {
2246 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name "
2247 			    "\"%.100s\" contains consecutive separators", name);
2248 			goto bad;
2249 		}
2250 		if (c != '.' && c != '-' && !isalnum(c) &&
2251 		    c != '_') /* technically invalid, but common */ {
2252 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name "
2253 			    "\"%.100s\" contains invalid characters", name);
2254 			goto bad;
2255 		}
2256 		last = c;
2257 	}
2258 	if (name[l - 1] == '.')
2259 		name[l - 1] = '\0';
2260 	if (errstr != NULL)
2261 		*errstr = NULL;
2262 	return 1;
2263 bad:
2264 	if (errstr != NULL)
2265 		*errstr = errbuf;
2266 	return 0;
2267 }
2268 
2269 /*
2270  * Verify that a environment variable name (not including initial '$') is
2271  * valid; consisting of one or more alphanumeric or underscore characters only.
2272  * Returns 1 on valid, 0 otherwise.
2273  */
2274 int
2275 valid_env_name(const char *name)
2276 {
2277 	const char *cp;
2278 
2279 	if (name[0] == '\0')
2280 		return 0;
2281 	for (cp = name; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
2282 		if (!isalnum((u_char)*cp) && *cp != '_')
2283 			return 0;
2284 	}
2285 	return 1;
2286 }
2287 
2288 const char *
2289 atoi_err(const char *nptr, int *val)
2290 {
2291 	const char *errstr = NULL;
2292 	long long num;
2293 
2294 	if (nptr == NULL || *nptr == '\0')
2295 		return "missing";
2296 	num = strtonum(nptr, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2297 	if (errstr == NULL)
2298 		*val = (int)num;
2299 	return errstr;
2300 }
2301 
2302 int
2303 parse_absolute_time(const char *s, uint64_t *tp)
2304 {
2305 	struct tm tm;
2306 	time_t tt;
2307 	char buf[32], *fmt;
2308 	const char *cp;
2309 	size_t l;
2310 	int is_utc = 0;
2311 
2312 	*tp = 0;
2313 
2314 	l = strlen(s);
2315 	if (l > 1 && strcasecmp(s + l - 1, "Z") == 0) {
2316 		is_utc = 1;
2317 		l--;
2318 	} else if (l > 3 && strcasecmp(s + l - 3, "UTC") == 0) {
2319 		is_utc = 1;
2320 		l -= 3;
2321 	}
2322 	/*
2323 	 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
2324 	 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
2325 	 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
2326 	 */
2327 	switch (l) {
2328 	case 8: /* YYYYMMDD */
2329 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
2330 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
2331 		break;
2332 	case 12: /* YYYYMMDDHHMM */
2333 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M";
2334 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s",
2335 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10);
2336 		break;
2337 	case 14: /* YYYYMMDDHHMMSS */
2338 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
2339 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
2340 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
2341 		break;
2342 	default:
2343 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2344 	}
2345 
2346 	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
2347 	if ((cp = strptime(buf, fmt, &tm)) == NULL || *cp != '\0')
2348 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2349 	if (is_utc) {
2350 		if ((tt = timegm(&tm)) < 0)
2351 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2352 	} else {
2353 		if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
2354 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2355 	}
2356 	/* success */
2357 	*tp = (uint64_t)tt;
2358 	return 0;
2359 }
2360 
2361 void
2362 format_absolute_time(uint64_t t, char *buf, size_t len)
2363 {
2364 	time_t tt = t > SSH_TIME_T_MAX ? SSH_TIME_T_MAX : t;
2365 	struct tm tm;
2366 
2367 	localtime_r(&tt, &tm);
2368 	strftime(buf, len, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", &tm);
2369 }
2370 
2371 /* check if path is absolute */
2372 int
2373 path_absolute(const char *path)
2374 {
2375 	return (*path == '/') ? 1 : 0;
2376 }
2377 
2378 void
2379 skip_space(char **cpp)
2380 {
2381 	char *cp;
2382 
2383 	for (cp = *cpp; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
2384 		;
2385 	*cpp = cp;
2386 }
2387 
2388 /* authorized_key-style options parsing helpers */
2389 
2390 /*
2391  * Match flag 'opt' in *optsp, and if allow_negate is set then also match
2392  * 'no-opt'. Returns -1 if option not matched, 1 if option matches or 0
2393  * if negated option matches.
2394  * If the option or negated option matches, then *optsp is updated to
2395  * point to the first character after the option.
2396  */
2397 int
2398 opt_flag(const char *opt, int allow_negate, const char **optsp)
2399 {
2400 	size_t opt_len = strlen(opt);
2401 	const char *opts = *optsp;
2402 	int negate = 0;
2403 
2404 	if (allow_negate && strncasecmp(opts, "no-", 3) == 0) {
2405 		opts += 3;
2406 		negate = 1;
2407 	}
2408 	if (strncasecmp(opts, opt, opt_len) == 0) {
2409 		*optsp = opts + opt_len;
2410 		return negate ? 0 : 1;
2411 	}
2412 	return -1;
2413 }
2414 
2415 char *
2416 opt_dequote(const char **sp, const char **errstrp)
2417 {
2418 	const char *s = *sp;
2419 	char *ret;
2420 	size_t i;
2421 
2422 	*errstrp = NULL;
2423 	if (*s != '"') {
2424 		*errstrp = "missing start quote";
2425 		return NULL;
2426 	}
2427 	s++;
2428 	if ((ret = malloc(strlen((s)) + 1)) == NULL) {
2429 		*errstrp = "memory allocation failed";
2430 		return NULL;
2431 	}
2432 	for (i = 0; *s != '\0' && *s != '"';) {
2433 		if (s[0] == '\\' && s[1] == '"')
2434 			s++;
2435 		ret[i++] = *s++;
2436 	}
2437 	if (*s == '\0') {
2438 		*errstrp = "missing end quote";
2439 		free(ret);
2440 		return NULL;
2441 	}
2442 	ret[i] = '\0';
2443 	s++;
2444 	*sp = s;
2445 	return ret;
2446 }
2447 
2448 int
2449 opt_match(const char **opts, const char *term)
2450 {
2451 	if (strncasecmp((*opts), term, strlen(term)) == 0 &&
2452 	    (*opts)[strlen(term)] == '=') {
2453 		*opts += strlen(term) + 1;
2454 		return 1;
2455 	}
2456 	return 0;
2457 }
2458 
2459 void
2460 opt_array_append2(const char *file, const int line, const char *directive,
2461     char ***array, int **iarray, u_int *lp, const char *s, int i)
2462 {
2463 
2464 	if (*lp >= INT_MAX)
2465 		fatal("%s line %d: Too many %s entries", file, line, directive);
2466 
2467 	if (iarray != NULL) {
2468 		*iarray = xrecallocarray(*iarray, *lp, *lp + 1,
2469 		    sizeof(**iarray));
2470 		(*iarray)[*lp] = i;
2471 	}
2472 
2473 	*array = xrecallocarray(*array, *lp, *lp + 1, sizeof(**array));
2474 	(*array)[*lp] = xstrdup(s);
2475 	(*lp)++;
2476 }
2477 
2478 void
2479 opt_array_append(const char *file, const int line, const char *directive,
2480     char ***array, u_int *lp, const char *s)
2481 {
2482 	opt_array_append2(file, line, directive, array, NULL, lp, s, 0);
2483 }
2484 
2485 sshsig_t
2486 ssh_signal(int signum, sshsig_t handler)
2487 {
2488 	struct sigaction sa, osa;
2489 
2490 	/* mask all other signals while in handler */
2491 	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
2492 	sa.sa_handler = handler;
2493 	sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask);
2494 	if (signum != SIGALRM)
2495 		sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2496 	if (sigaction(signum, &sa, &osa) == -1) {
2497 		debug3("sigaction(%s): %s", strsignal(signum), strerror(errno));
2498 		return SIG_ERR;
2499 	}
2500 	return osa.sa_handler;
2501 }
2502 
2503 int
2504 stdfd_devnull(int do_stdin, int do_stdout, int do_stderr)
2505 {
2506 	int devnull, ret = 0;
2507 
2508 	if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
2509 		error_f("open %s: %s", _PATH_DEVNULL,
2510 		    strerror(errno));
2511 		return -1;
2512 	}
2513 	if ((do_stdin && dup2(devnull, STDIN_FILENO) == -1) ||
2514 	    (do_stdout && dup2(devnull, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1) ||
2515 	    (do_stderr && dup2(devnull, STDERR_FILENO) == -1)) {
2516 		error_f("dup2: %s", strerror(errno));
2517 		ret = -1;
2518 	}
2519 	if (devnull > STDERR_FILENO)
2520 		close(devnull);
2521 	return ret;
2522 }
2523 
2524 /*
2525  * Runs command in a subprocess with a minimal environment.
2526  * Returns pid on success, 0 on failure.
2527  * The child stdout and stderr maybe captured, left attached or sent to
2528  * /dev/null depending on the contents of flags.
2529  * "tag" is prepended to log messages.
2530  * NB. "command" is only used for logging; the actual command executed is
2531  * av[0].
2532  */
2533 pid_t
2534 subprocess(const char *tag, const char *command,
2535     int ac, char **av, FILE **child, u_int flags,
2536     struct passwd *pw, privdrop_fn *drop_privs, privrestore_fn *restore_privs)
2537 {
2538 	FILE *f = NULL;
2539 	struct stat st;
2540 	int fd, devnull, p[2], i;
2541 	pid_t pid;
2542 	char *cp, errmsg[512];
2543 	u_int nenv = 0;
2544 	char **env = NULL;
2545 
2546 	/* If dropping privs, then must specify user and restore function */
2547 	if (drop_privs != NULL && (pw == NULL || restore_privs == NULL)) {
2548 		error("%s: inconsistent arguments", tag); /* XXX fatal? */
2549 		return 0;
2550 	}
2551 	if (pw == NULL && (pw = getpwuid(getuid())) == NULL) {
2552 		error("%s: no user for current uid", tag);
2553 		return 0;
2554 	}
2555 	if (child != NULL)
2556 		*child = NULL;
2557 
2558 	debug3_f("%s command \"%s\" running as %s (flags 0x%x)",
2559 	    tag, command, pw->pw_name, flags);
2560 
2561 	/* Check consistency */
2562 	if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_DISCARD) != 0 &&
2563 	    (flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_CAPTURE) != 0) {
2564 		error_f("inconsistent flags");
2565 		return 0;
2566 	}
2567 	if (((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_CAPTURE) == 0) != (child == NULL)) {
2568 		error_f("inconsistent flags/output");
2569 		return 0;
2570 	}
2571 
2572 	/*
2573 	 * If executing an explicit binary, then verify the it exists
2574 	 * and appears safe-ish to execute
2575 	 */
2576 	if (!path_absolute(av[0])) {
2577 		error("%s path is not absolute", tag);
2578 		return 0;
2579 	}
2580 	if (drop_privs != NULL)
2581 		drop_privs(pw);
2582 	if (stat(av[0], &st) == -1) {
2583 		error("Could not stat %s \"%s\": %s", tag,
2584 		    av[0], strerror(errno));
2585 		goto restore_return;
2586 	}
2587 	if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_UNSAFE_PATH) == 0 &&
2588 	    safe_path(av[0], &st, NULL, 0, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)) != 0) {
2589 		error("Unsafe %s \"%s\": %s", tag, av[0], errmsg);
2590 		goto restore_return;
2591 	}
2592 	/* Prepare to keep the child's stdout if requested */
2593 	if (pipe(p) == -1) {
2594 		error("%s: pipe: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2595  restore_return:
2596 		if (restore_privs != NULL)
2597 			restore_privs();
2598 		return 0;
2599 	}
2600 	if (restore_privs != NULL)
2601 		restore_privs();
2602 
2603 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
2604 	case -1: /* error */
2605 		error("%s: fork: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2606 		close(p[0]);
2607 		close(p[1]);
2608 		return 0;
2609 	case 0: /* child */
2610 		/* Prepare a minimal environment for the child. */
2611 		if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_PRESERVE_ENV) == 0) {
2612 			nenv = 5;
2613 			env = xcalloc(sizeof(*env), nenv);
2614 			child_set_env(&env, &nenv, "PATH", _PATH_STDPATH);
2615 			child_set_env(&env, &nenv, "USER", pw->pw_name);
2616 			child_set_env(&env, &nenv, "LOGNAME", pw->pw_name);
2617 			child_set_env(&env, &nenv, "HOME", pw->pw_dir);
2618 			if ((cp = getenv("LANG")) != NULL)
2619 				child_set_env(&env, &nenv, "LANG", cp);
2620 		}
2621 
2622 		for (i = 1; i < NSIG; i++)
2623 			ssh_signal(i, SIG_DFL);
2624 
2625 		if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
2626 			error("%s: open %s: %s", tag, _PATH_DEVNULL,
2627 			    strerror(errno));
2628 			_exit(1);
2629 		}
2630 		if (dup2(devnull, STDIN_FILENO) == -1) {
2631 			error("%s: dup2: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2632 			_exit(1);
2633 		}
2634 
2635 		/* Set up stdout as requested; leave stderr in place for now. */
2636 		fd = -1;
2637 		if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_CAPTURE) != 0)
2638 			fd = p[1];
2639 		else if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_DISCARD) != 0)
2640 			fd = devnull;
2641 		if (fd != -1 && dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1) {
2642 			error("%s: dup2: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2643 			_exit(1);
2644 		}
2645 		closefrom(STDERR_FILENO + 1);
2646 
2647 		if (geteuid() == 0 &&
2648 		    initgroups(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid) == -1) {
2649 			error("%s: initgroups(%s, %u): %s", tag,
2650 			    pw->pw_name, (u_int)pw->pw_gid, strerror(errno));
2651 			_exit(1);
2652 		}
2653 		if (setresgid(pw->pw_gid, pw->pw_gid, pw->pw_gid) == -1) {
2654 			error("%s: setresgid %u: %s", tag, (u_int)pw->pw_gid,
2655 			    strerror(errno));
2656 			_exit(1);
2657 		}
2658 		if (setresuid(pw->pw_uid, pw->pw_uid, pw->pw_uid) == -1) {
2659 			error("%s: setresuid %u: %s", tag, (u_int)pw->pw_uid,
2660 			    strerror(errno));
2661 			_exit(1);
2662 		}
2663 		/* stdin is pointed to /dev/null at this point */
2664 		if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_DISCARD) != 0 &&
2665 		    dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) == -1) {
2666 			error("%s: dup2: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2667 			_exit(1);
2668 		}
2669 		if (env != NULL)
2670 			execve(av[0], av, env);
2671 		else
2672 			execv(av[0], av);
2673 		error("%s %s \"%s\": %s", tag, env == NULL ? "execv" : "execve",
2674 		    command, strerror(errno));
2675 		_exit(127);
2676 	default: /* parent */
2677 		break;
2678 	}
2679 
2680 	close(p[1]);
2681 	if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_CAPTURE) == 0)
2682 		close(p[0]);
2683 	else if ((f = fdopen(p[0], "r")) == NULL) {
2684 		error("%s: fdopen: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
2685 		close(p[0]);
2686 		/* Don't leave zombie child */
2687 		kill(pid, SIGTERM);
2688 		while (waitpid(pid, NULL, 0) == -1 && errno == EINTR)
2689 			;
2690 		return 0;
2691 	}
2692 	/* Success */
2693 	debug3_f("%s pid %ld", tag, (long)pid);
2694 	if (child != NULL)
2695 		*child = f;
2696 	return pid;
2697 }
2698 
2699 const char *
2700 lookup_env_in_list(const char *env, char * const *envs, size_t nenvs)
2701 {
2702 	size_t i, envlen;
2703 
2704 	envlen = strlen(env);
2705 	for (i = 0; i < nenvs; i++) {
2706 		if (strncmp(envs[i], env, envlen) == 0 &&
2707 		    envs[i][envlen] == '=') {
2708 			return envs[i] + envlen + 1;
2709 		}
2710 	}
2711 	return NULL;
2712 }
2713 
2714 const char *
2715 lookup_setenv_in_list(const char *env, char * const *envs, size_t nenvs)
2716 {
2717 	char *name, *cp;
2718 	const char *ret;
2719 
2720 	name = xstrdup(env);
2721 	if ((cp = strchr(name, '=')) == NULL) {
2722 		free(name);
2723 		return NULL; /* not env=val */
2724 	}
2725 	*cp = '\0';
2726 	ret = lookup_env_in_list(name, envs, nenvs);
2727 	free(name);
2728 	return ret;
2729 }
2730 
2731 /*
2732  * Helpers for managing poll(2)/ppoll(2) timeouts
2733  * Will remember the earliest deadline and return it for use in poll/ppoll.
2734  */
2735 
2736 /* Initialise a poll/ppoll timeout with an indefinite deadline */
2737 void
2738 ptimeout_init(struct timespec *pt)
2739 {
2740 	/*
2741 	 * Deliberately invalid for ppoll(2).
2742 	 * Will be converted to NULL in ptimeout_get_tspec() later.
2743 	 */
2744 	pt->tv_sec = -1;
2745 	pt->tv_nsec = 0;
2746 }
2747 
2748 /* Specify a poll/ppoll deadline of at most 'sec' seconds */
2749 void
2750 ptimeout_deadline_sec(struct timespec *pt, long sec)
2751 {
2752 	if (pt->tv_sec == -1 || pt->tv_sec >= sec) {
2753 		pt->tv_sec = sec;
2754 		pt->tv_nsec = 0;
2755 	}
2756 }
2757 
2758 /* Specify a poll/ppoll deadline of at most 'p' (timespec) */
2759 static void
2760 ptimeout_deadline_tsp(struct timespec *pt, struct timespec *p)
2761 {
2762 	if (pt->tv_sec == -1 || timespeccmp(pt, p, >=))
2763 		*pt = *p;
2764 }
2765 
2766 /* Specify a poll/ppoll deadline of at most 'ms' milliseconds */
2767 void
2768 ptimeout_deadline_ms(struct timespec *pt, long ms)
2769 {
2770 	struct timespec p;
2771 
2772 	p.tv_sec = ms / 1000;
2773 	p.tv_nsec = (ms % 1000) * 1000000;
2774 	ptimeout_deadline_tsp(pt, &p);
2775 }
2776 
2777 /* Specify a poll/ppoll deadline at wall clock monotime 'when' */
2778 void
2779 ptimeout_deadline_monotime(struct timespec *pt, time_t when)
2780 {
2781 	struct timespec now, t;
2782 
2783 	t.tv_sec = when;
2784 	t.tv_nsec = 0;
2785 	monotime_ts(&now);
2786 
2787 	if (timespeccmp(&now, &t, >=))
2788 		ptimeout_deadline_sec(pt, 0);
2789 	else {
2790 		timespecsub(&t, &now, &t);
2791 		ptimeout_deadline_tsp(pt, &t);
2792 	}
2793 }
2794 
2795 /* Get a poll(2) timeout value in milliseconds */
2796 int
2797 ptimeout_get_ms(struct timespec *pt)
2798 {
2799 	if (pt->tv_sec == -1)
2800 		return -1;
2801 	if (pt->tv_sec >= (INT_MAX - (pt->tv_nsec / 1000000)) / 1000)
2802 		return INT_MAX;
2803 	return (pt->tv_sec * 1000) + (pt->tv_nsec / 1000000);
2804 }
2805 
2806 /* Get a ppoll(2) timeout value as a timespec pointer */
2807 struct timespec *
2808 ptimeout_get_tsp(struct timespec *pt)
2809 {
2810 	return pt->tv_sec == -1 ? NULL : pt;
2811 }
2812 
2813 /* Returns non-zero if a timeout has been set (i.e. is not indefinite) */
2814 int
2815 ptimeout_isset(struct timespec *pt)
2816 {
2817 	return pt->tv_sec != -1;
2818 }
2819 
2820 /*
2821  * Returns zero if the library at 'path' contains symbol 's', nonzero
2822  * otherwise.
2823  */
2824 int
2825 lib_contains_symbol(const char *path, const char *s)
2826 {
2827 	struct nlist nl[2];
2828 	int ret = -1, r;
2829 
2830 	memset(nl, 0, sizeof(nl));
2831 	nl[0].n_name = xstrdup(s);
2832 	nl[1].n_name = NULL;
2833 	if ((r = nlist(path, nl)) == -1) {
2834 		error_f("nlist failed for %s", path);
2835 		goto out;
2836 	}
2837 	if (r != 0 || nl[0].n_value == 0 || nl[0].n_type == 0) {
2838 		error_f("library %s does not contain symbol %s", path, s);
2839 		goto out;
2840 	}
2841 	/* success */
2842 	ret = 0;
2843  out:
2844 	free(nl[0].n_name);
2845 	return ret;
2846 }
2847