xref: /openbsd-src/usr.bin/printf/printf.c (revision daf88648c0e349d5c02e1504293082072c981640) 
1 /*	$OpenBSD: printf.c,v 1.12 2004/05/31 15:48:26 pedro Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 #ifndef lint
33 #if !defined(SHELL) && !defined(BUILTIN)
34 char copyright[] =
35 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.\n\
36  All rights reserved.\n";
37 #endif
38 #endif /* not lint */
39 
40 #ifndef lint
41 /*static char sccsid[] = "from: @(#)printf.c	5.9 (Berkeley) 6/1/90";*/
42 static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: printf.c,v 1.12 2004/05/31 15:48:26 pedro Exp $";
43 #endif /* not lint */
44 
45 #include <ctype.h>
46 #include <stdio.h>
47 #include <stdlib.h>
48 #include <string.h>
49 #include <limits.h>
50 #include <locale.h>
51 #include <errno.h>
52 #include <err.h>
53 
54 static int	 print_escape_str(const char *);
55 static int	 print_escape(const char *);
56 
57 static int	 getchr(void);
58 static double	 getdouble(void);
59 static int	 getint(void);
60 static long	 getlong(void);
61 static unsigned long getulong(void);
62 static char	*getstr(void);
63 static char	*mklong(const char *, int);
64 static void      check_conversion(const char *, const char *);
65 static void	 usage(void);
66 
67 static int	rval;
68 static char  **gargv;
69 
70 #define isodigit(c)	((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '7')
71 #define octtobin(c)	((c) - '0')
72 #define hextobin(c)	((c) >= 'A' && (c) <= 'F' ? c - 'A' + 10 : (c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'f' ? c - 'a' + 10 : c - '0')
73 
74 #ifdef SHELL
75 #define main printfcmd
76 #include "../../bin/sh/bltin/bltin.h"
77 #include <stdarg.h>
78 
79 static void
80 warnx(const char *fmt, ...)
81 {
82 
83 	char buf[64];
84 	va_list ap;
85 
86 	va_start(ap, fmt);
87 	vsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, fmt, ap);
88 	va_end(ap);
89 
90 	error(buf);
91 }
92 #endif /* SHELL */
93 
94 #define PF(f, func) { \
95 	if (fieldwidth) \
96 		if (precision) \
97 			(void)printf(f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \
98 		else \
99 			(void)printf(f, fieldwidth, func); \
100 	else if (precision) \
101 		(void)printf(f, precision, func); \
102 	else \
103 		(void)printf(f, func); \
104 }
105 
106 int
107 #ifdef BUILTIN
108 progprintf(int argc, char *argv[])
109 #else
110 main(int argc, char *argv[])
111 #endif
112 {
113 	char *fmt, *start;
114 	int fieldwidth, precision;
115 	char convch, nextch;
116 	char *format;
117 
118 #if !defined(SHELL) && !defined(BUILTIN)
119 	setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
120 #endif
121 
122 	if (argc < 2) {
123 		usage();
124 		return (1);
125 	}
126 
127 	format = *++argv;
128 	gargv = ++argv;
129 
130 #define SKIP1	"#-+ 0"
131 #define SKIP2	"*0123456789"
132 	do {
133 		/*
134 		 * Basic algorithm is to scan the format string for conversion
135 		 * specifications -- once one is found, find out if the field
136 		 * width or precision is a '*'; if it is, gather up value.
137 		 * Note, format strings are reused as necessary to use up the
138 		 * provided arguments, arguments of zero/null string are
139 		 * provided to use up the format string.
140 		 */
141 
142 		/* find next format specification */
143 		for (fmt = format; *fmt; fmt++) {
144 			switch (*fmt) {
145 			case '%':
146 				start = fmt++;
147 
148 				if (*fmt == '%') {
149 					putchar ('%');
150 					break;
151 				} else if (*fmt == 'b') {
152 					char *p = getstr();
153 					if (print_escape_str(p)) {
154 						return (rval);
155 					}
156 					break;
157 				}
158 
159 				/* skip to field width */
160 				for (; strchr(SKIP1, *fmt); ++fmt) ;
161 				fieldwidth = *fmt == '*' ? getint() : 0;
162 
163 				/* skip to possible '.', get following precision */
164 				for (; strchr(SKIP2, *fmt); ++fmt) ;
165 				if (*fmt == '.')
166 					++fmt;
167 				precision = *fmt == '*' ? getint() : 0;
168 
169 				for (; strchr(SKIP2, *fmt); ++fmt) ;
170 				if (!*fmt) {
171 					warnx ("missing format character");
172 					return(1);
173 				}
174 
175 				convch = *fmt;
176 				nextch = *(fmt + 1);
177 				*(fmt + 1) = '\0';
178 				switch(convch) {
179 				case 'c': {
180 					char p = getchr();
181 					PF(start, p);
182 					break;
183 				}
184 				case 's': {
185 					char *p = getstr();
186 					PF(start, p);
187 					break;
188 				}
189 				case 'd':
190 				case 'i': {
191 					long p;
192 					char *f = mklong(start, convch);
193 					if (!f) {
194 						warnx("out of memory");
195 						return (1);
196 					}
197 					p = getlong();
198 					PF(f, p);
199 					break;
200 				}
201 				case 'o':
202 				case 'u':
203 				case 'x':
204 				case 'X': {
205 					unsigned long p;
206 					char *f = mklong(start, convch);
207 					if (!f) {
208 						warnx("out of memory");
209 						return (1);
210 					}
211 					p = getulong();
212 					PF(f, p);
213 					break;
214 				}
215 				case 'e':
216 				case 'E':
217 				case 'f':
218 				case 'g':
219 				case 'G': {
220 					double p = getdouble();
221 					PF(start, p);
222 					break;
223 				}
224 				default:
225 					warnx ("%s: invalid directive", start);
226 					return(1);
227 				}
228 				*(fmt + 1) = nextch;
229 				break;
230 
231 			case '\\':
232 				fmt += print_escape(fmt);
233 				break;
234 
235 			default:
236 				putchar (*fmt);
237 				break;
238 			}
239 		}
240 	} while (gargv > argv && *gargv);
241 
242 	return (rval);
243 }
244 
245 
246 /*
247  * Print SysV echo(1) style escape string
248  *	Halts processing string and returns 1 if a \c escape is encountered.
249  */
250 static int
251 print_escape_str(const char *str)
252 {
253 	int value;
254 	int c;
255 
256 	while (*str) {
257 		if (*str == '\\') {
258 			str++;
259 			/*
260 			 * %b string octal constants are not like those in C.
261 			 * They start with a \0, and are followed by 0, 1, 2,
262 			 * or 3 octal digits.
263 			 */
264 			if (*str == '0') {
265 				str++;
266 				for (c = 3, value = 0; c-- && isodigit(*str); str++) {
267 					value <<= 3;
268 					value += octtobin(*str);
269 				}
270 				putchar (value);
271 				str--;
272 			} else if (*str == 'c') {
273 				return 1;
274 			} else {
275 				str--;
276 				str += print_escape(str);
277 			}
278 		} else {
279 			putchar (*str);
280 		}
281 		str++;
282 	}
283 
284 	return 0;
285 }
286 
287 /*
288  * Print "standard" escape characters
289  */
290 static int
291 print_escape(const char *str)
292 {
293 	const char *start = str;
294 	int value;
295 	int c;
296 
297 	str++;
298 
299 	switch (*str) {
300 	case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
301 	case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
302 		for (c = 3, value = 0; c-- && isodigit(*str); str++) {
303 			value <<= 3;
304 			value += octtobin(*str);
305 		}
306 		putchar(value);
307 		return str - start - 1;
308 		/* NOTREACHED */
309 
310 	case 'x':
311 		str++;
312 		for (value = 0; isxdigit(*str); str++) {
313 			value <<= 4;
314 			value += hextobin(*str);
315 		}
316 		if (value > UCHAR_MAX) {
317 			warnx ("escape sequence out of range for character");
318 			rval = 1;
319 		}
320 		putchar (value);
321 		return str - start - 1;
322 		/* NOTREACHED */
323 
324 	case '\\':			/* backslash */
325 		putchar('\\');
326 		break;
327 
328 	case '\'':			/* single quote */
329 		putchar('\'');
330 		break;
331 
332 	case '"':			/* double quote */
333 		putchar('"');
334 		break;
335 
336 	case 'a':			/* alert */
337 		putchar('\a');
338 		break;
339 
340 	case 'b':			/* backspace */
341 		putchar('\b');
342 		break;
343 
344 	case 'e':			/* escape */
345 #ifdef __GNUC__
346 		putchar('\e');
347 #else
348 		putchar(033);
349 #endif
350 		break;
351 
352 	case 'f':			/* form-feed */
353 		putchar('\f');
354 		break;
355 
356 	case 'n':			/* newline */
357 		putchar('\n');
358 		break;
359 
360 	case 'r':			/* carriage-return */
361 		putchar('\r');
362 		break;
363 
364 	case 't':			/* tab */
365 		putchar('\t');
366 		break;
367 
368 	case 'v':			/* vertical-tab */
369 		putchar('\v');
370 		break;
371 
372 	default:
373 		putchar(*str);
374 		warnx("unknown escape sequence `\\%c'", *str);
375 		rval = 1;
376 	}
377 
378 	return 1;
379 }
380 
381 static char *
382 mklong(const char *str, int ch)
383 {
384 	static char *copy;
385 	static int copysize;
386 	int len;
387 
388 	len = strlen(str) + 2;
389 	if (copysize < len) {
390 		char *newcopy;
391 		copysize = len + 256;
392 
393 		newcopy = realloc(copy, copysize);
394 		if (newcopy == NULL) {
395 			copysize = 0;
396 			free(copy);
397 			copy = NULL;
398 			return (NULL);
399 		}
400 		copy = newcopy;
401 	}
402 	(void) memmove(copy, str, len - 3);
403 	copy[len - 3] = 'l';
404 	copy[len - 2] = ch;
405 	copy[len - 1] = '\0';
406 	return (copy);
407 }
408 
409 static int
410 getchr(void)
411 {
412 	if (!*gargv)
413 		return((int)'\0');
414 	return((int)**gargv++);
415 }
416 
417 static char *
418 getstr(void)
419 {
420 	if (!*gargv)
421 		return("");
422 	return(*gargv++);
423 }
424 
425 static char *number = "+-.0123456789";
426 static int
427 getint(void)
428 {
429 	if (!*gargv)
430 		return(0);
431 
432 	if (strchr(number, **gargv))
433 		return(atoi(*gargv++));
434 
435 	return 0;
436 }
437 
438 static long
439 getlong(void)
440 {
441 	long val;
442 	char *ep;
443 
444 	if (!*gargv)
445 		return(0L);
446 
447 	if (**gargv == '\"' || **gargv == '\'')
448 		return (long) *((*gargv++)+1);
449 
450 	errno = 0;
451 	val = strtol (*gargv, &ep, 0);
452 	check_conversion(*gargv++, ep);
453 	return val;
454 }
455 
456 static unsigned long
457 getulong(void)
458 {
459 	unsigned long val;
460 	char *ep;
461 
462 	if (!*gargv)
463 		return(0UL);
464 
465 	if (**gargv == '\"' || **gargv == '\'')
466 		return (unsigned long) *((*gargv++)+1);
467 
468 	errno = 0;
469 	val = strtoul (*gargv, &ep, 0);
470 	check_conversion(*gargv++, ep);
471 	return val;
472 }
473 
474 static double
475 getdouble(void)
476 {
477 	double val;
478 	char *ep;
479 
480 	if (!*gargv)
481 		return(0.0);
482 
483 	if (**gargv == '\"' || **gargv == '\'')
484 		return (double) *((*gargv++)+1);
485 
486 	errno = 0;
487 	val = strtod (*gargv, &ep);
488 	check_conversion(*gargv++, ep);
489 	return val;
490 }
491 
492 static void
493 check_conversion(const char *s, const char *ep)
494 {
495 	if (*ep) {
496 		if (ep == s)
497 			warnx ("%s: expected numeric value", s);
498 		else
499 			warnx ("%s: not completely converted", s);
500 		rval = 1;
501 	} else if (errno == ERANGE) {
502 		warnx ("%s: %s", s, strerror(ERANGE));
503 		rval = 1;
504 	}
505 }
506 
507 static void
508 usage(void)
509 {
510 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: printf format [arg ...]\n");
511 }
512