xref: /openbsd-src/sys/uvm/uvm_fault.c (revision 8445c53715e7030056b779e8ab40efb7820981f2)
1 /*	$OpenBSD: uvm_fault.c,v 1.19 2001/09/19 20:50:59 mickey Exp $	*/
2 /*	$NetBSD: uvm_fault.c,v 1.48 2000/04/10 01:17:41 thorpej Exp $	*/
3 
4 /*
5  *
6  * Copyright (c) 1997 Charles D. Cranor and Washington University.
7  * All rights reserved.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
19  *      This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor and
20  *      Washington University.
21  * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
22  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
23  *
24  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
25  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
26  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
27  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
28  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
29  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
30  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
31  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
32  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
33  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
34  *
35  * from: Id: uvm_fault.c,v 1.1.2.23 1998/02/06 05:29:05 chs Exp
36  */
37 
38 /*
39  * uvm_fault.c: fault handler
40  */
41 
42 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/systm.h>
44 #include <sys/kernel.h>
45 #include <sys/proc.h>
46 #include <sys/malloc.h>
47 #include <sys/mman.h>
48 #include <sys/user.h>
49 
50 #include <vm/vm.h>
51 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
52 
53 #include <uvm/uvm.h>
54 
55 /*
56  *
57  * a word on page faults:
58  *
59  * types of page faults we handle:
60  *
61  * CASE 1: upper layer faults                   CASE 2: lower layer faults
62  *
63  *    CASE 1A         CASE 1B                  CASE 2A        CASE 2B
64  *    read/write1     write>1                  read/write   +-cow_write/zero
65  *         |             |                         |        |
66  *      +--|--+       +--|--+     +-----+       +  |  +     | +-----+
67  * amap |  V  |       |  ----------->new|          |        | |  ^  |
68  *      +-----+       +-----+     +-----+       +  |  +     | +--|--+
69  *                                                 |        |    |
70  *      +-----+       +-----+                   +--|--+     | +--|--+
71  * uobj | d/c |       | d/c |                   |  V  |     +----|  |
72  *      +-----+       +-----+                   +-----+       +-----+
73  *
74  * d/c = don't care
75  *
76  *   case [0]: layerless fault
77  *	no amap or uobj is present.   this is an error.
78  *
79  *   case [1]: upper layer fault [anon active]
80  *     1A: [read] or [write with anon->an_ref == 1]
81  *		I/O takes place in top level anon and uobj is not touched.
82  *     1B: [write with anon->an_ref > 1]
83  *		new anon is alloc'd and data is copied off ["COW"]
84  *
85  *   case [2]: lower layer fault [uobj]
86  *     2A: [read on non-NULL uobj] or [write to non-copy_on_write area]
87  *		I/O takes place directly in object.
88  *     2B: [write to copy_on_write] or [read on NULL uobj]
89  *		data is "promoted" from uobj to a new anon.
90  *		if uobj is null, then we zero fill.
91  *
92  * we follow the standard UVM locking protocol ordering:
93  *
94  * MAPS => AMAP => UOBJ => ANON => PAGE QUEUES (PQ)
95  * we hold a PG_BUSY page if we unlock for I/O
96  *
97  *
98  * the code is structured as follows:
99  *
100  *     - init the "IN" params in the ufi structure
101  *   ReFault:
102  *     - do lookups [locks maps], check protection, handle needs_copy
103  *     - check for case 0 fault (error)
104  *     - establish "range" of fault
105  *     - if we have an amap lock it and extract the anons
106  *     - if sequential advice deactivate pages behind us
107  *     - at the same time check pmap for unmapped areas and anon for pages
108  *	 that we could map in (and do map it if found)
109  *     - check object for resident pages that we could map in
110  *     - if (case 2) goto Case2
111  *     - >>> handle case 1
112  *           - ensure source anon is resident in RAM
113  *           - if case 1B alloc new anon and copy from source
114  *           - map the correct page in
115  *   Case2:
116  *     - >>> handle case 2
117  *           - ensure source page is resident (if uobj)
118  *           - if case 2B alloc new anon and copy from source (could be zero
119  *		fill if uobj == NULL)
120  *           - map the correct page in
121  *     - done!
122  *
123  * note on paging:
124  *   if we have to do I/O we place a PG_BUSY page in the correct object,
125  * unlock everything, and do the I/O.   when I/O is done we must reverify
126  * the state of the world before assuming that our data structures are
127  * valid.   [because mappings could change while the map is unlocked]
128  *
129  *  alternative 1: unbusy the page in question and restart the page fault
130  *    from the top (ReFault).   this is easy but does not take advantage
131  *    of the information that we already have from our previous lookup,
132  *    although it is possible that the "hints" in the vm_map will help here.
133  *
134  * alternative 2: the system already keeps track of a "version" number of
135  *    a map.   [i.e. every time you write-lock a map (e.g. to change a
136  *    mapping) you bump the version number up by one...]   so, we can save
137  *    the version number of the map before we release the lock and start I/O.
138  *    then when I/O is done we can relock and check the version numbers
139  *    to see if anything changed.    this might save us some over 1 because
140  *    we don't have to unbusy the page and may be less compares(?).
141  *
142  * alternative 3: put in backpointers or a way to "hold" part of a map
143  *    in place while I/O is in progress.   this could be complex to
144  *    implement (especially with structures like amap that can be referenced
145  *    by multiple map entries, and figuring out what should wait could be
146  *    complex as well...).
147  *
148  * given that we are not currently multiprocessor or multithreaded we might
149  * as well choose alternative 2 now.   maybe alternative 3 would be useful
150  * in the future.    XXX keep in mind for future consideration//rechecking.
151  */
152 
153 /*
154  * local data structures
155  */
156 
157 struct uvm_advice {
158 	int advice;
159 	int nback;
160 	int nforw;
161 };
162 
163 /*
164  * page range array:
165  * note: index in array must match "advice" value
166  * XXX: borrowed numbers from freebsd.   do they work well for us?
167  */
168 
169 static struct uvm_advice uvmadvice[] = {
170 	{ MADV_NORMAL, 3, 4 },
171 	{ MADV_RANDOM, 0, 0 },
172 	{ MADV_SEQUENTIAL, 8, 7},
173 };
174 
175 #define UVM_MAXRANGE 16	/* must be max() of nback+nforw+1 */
176 
177 /*
178  * private prototypes
179  */
180 
181 static void uvmfault_amapcopy __P((struct uvm_faultinfo *));
182 static __inline void uvmfault_anonflush __P((struct vm_anon **, int));
183 
184 /*
185  * inline functions
186  */
187 
188 /*
189  * uvmfault_anonflush: try and deactivate pages in specified anons
190  *
191  * => does not have to deactivate page if it is busy
192  */
193 
194 static __inline void
195 uvmfault_anonflush(anons, n)
196 	struct vm_anon **anons;
197 	int n;
198 {
199 	int lcv;
200 	struct vm_page *pg;
201 
202 	for (lcv = 0 ; lcv < n ; lcv++) {
203 		if (anons[lcv] == NULL)
204 			continue;
205 		simple_lock(&anons[lcv]->an_lock);
206 		pg = anons[lcv]->u.an_page;
207 		if (pg && (pg->flags & PG_BUSY) == 0 && pg->loan_count == 0) {
208 			uvm_lock_pageq();
209 			if (pg->wire_count == 0) {
210 				pmap_page_protect(pg, VM_PROT_NONE);
211 				uvm_pagedeactivate(pg);
212 			}
213 			uvm_unlock_pageq();
214 		}
215 		simple_unlock(&anons[lcv]->an_lock);
216 	}
217 }
218 
219 /*
220  * normal functions
221  */
222 
223 /*
224  * uvmfault_amapcopy: clear "needs_copy" in a map.
225  *
226  * => called with VM data structures unlocked (usually, see below)
227  * => we get a write lock on the maps and clear needs_copy for a VA
228  * => if we are out of RAM we sleep (waiting for more)
229  */
230 
231 static void
232 uvmfault_amapcopy(ufi)
233 	struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi;
234 {
235 
236 	/*
237 	 * while we haven't done the job
238 	 */
239 
240 	while (1) {
241 
242 		/*
243 		 * no mapping?  give up.
244 		 */
245 
246 		if (uvmfault_lookup(ufi, TRUE) == FALSE)
247 			return;
248 
249 		/*
250 		 * copy if needed.
251 		 */
252 
253 		if (UVM_ET_ISNEEDSCOPY(ufi->entry))
254 			amap_copy(ufi->map, ufi->entry, M_NOWAIT, TRUE,
255 				ufi->orig_rvaddr, ufi->orig_rvaddr + 1);
256 
257 		/*
258 		 * didn't work?  must be out of RAM.   unlock and sleep.
259 		 */
260 
261 		if (UVM_ET_ISNEEDSCOPY(ufi->entry)) {
262 			uvmfault_unlockmaps(ufi, TRUE);
263 			uvm_wait("fltamapcopy");
264 			continue;
265 		}
266 
267 		/*
268 		 * got it!   unlock and return.
269 		 */
270 
271 		uvmfault_unlockmaps(ufi, TRUE);
272 		return;
273 	}
274 	/*NOTREACHED*/
275 }
276 
277 /*
278  * uvmfault_anonget: get data in an anon into a non-busy, non-released
279  * page in that anon.
280  *
281  * => maps, amap, and anon locked by caller.
282  * => if we fail (result != VM_PAGER_OK) we unlock everything except anon.
283  * => if we are successful, we return with everything still locked.
284  * => we don't move the page on the queues [gets moved later]
285  * => if we allocate a new page [we_own], it gets put on the queues.
286  *    either way, the result is that the page is on the queues at return time
287  * => for pages which are on loan from a uvm_object (and thus are not
288  *    owned by the anon): if successful, we return with the owning object
289  *    locked.   the caller must unlock this object when it unlocks everything
290  *    else.
291  */
292 
293 int
294 uvmfault_anonget(ufi, amap, anon)
295 	struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi;
296 	struct vm_amap *amap;
297 	struct vm_anon *anon;
298 {
299 	boolean_t we_own;	/* we own anon's page? */
300 	boolean_t locked;	/* did we relock? */
301 	struct vm_page *pg;
302 	int result;
303 	UVMHIST_FUNC("uvmfault_anonget"); UVMHIST_CALLED(maphist);
304 
305 	result = 0;		/* XXX shut up gcc */
306 	uvmexp.fltanget++;
307         /* bump rusage counters */
308 	if (anon->u.an_page)
309 		curproc->p_addr->u_stats.p_ru.ru_minflt++;
310 	else
311 		curproc->p_addr->u_stats.p_ru.ru_majflt++;
312 
313 	/*
314 	 * loop until we get it, or fail.
315 	 */
316 
317 	while (1) {
318 
319 		we_own = FALSE;		/* TRUE if we set PG_BUSY on a page */
320 		pg = anon->u.an_page;
321 
322 		/*
323 		 * if there is a resident page and it is loaned, then anon
324 		 * may not own it.   call out to uvm_anon_lockpage() to ensure
325 		 * the real owner of the page has been identified and locked.
326 		 */
327 
328 		if (pg && pg->loan_count)
329 			pg = uvm_anon_lockloanpg(anon);
330 
331 		/*
332 		 * page there?   make sure it is not busy/released.
333 		 */
334 
335 		if (pg) {
336 
337 			/*
338 			 * at this point, if the page has a uobject [meaning
339 			 * we have it on loan], then that uobject is locked
340 			 * by us!   if the page is busy, we drop all the
341 			 * locks (including uobject) and try again.
342 			 */
343 
344 			if ((pg->flags & (PG_BUSY|PG_RELEASED)) == 0) {
345 				UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "<- OK",0,0,0,0);
346 				return (VM_PAGER_OK);
347 			}
348 			pg->flags |= PG_WANTED;
349 			uvmexp.fltpgwait++;
350 
351 			/*
352 			 * the last unlock must be an atomic unlock+wait on
353 			 * the owner of page
354 			 */
355 			if (pg->uobject) {	/* owner is uobject ? */
356 				uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL, anon);
357 				UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, " unlock+wait on uobj",0,
358 				    0,0,0);
359 				UVM_UNLOCK_AND_WAIT(pg,
360 				    &pg->uobject->vmobjlock,
361 				    FALSE, "anonget1",0);
362 			} else {
363 				/* anon owns page */
364 				uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL, NULL);
365 				UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, " unlock+wait on anon",0,
366 				    0,0,0);
367 				UVM_UNLOCK_AND_WAIT(pg,&anon->an_lock,0,
368 				    "anonget2",0);
369 			}
370 			/* ready to relock and try again */
371 
372 		} else {
373 
374 			/*
375 			 * no page, we must try and bring it in.
376 			 */
377 			pg = uvm_pagealloc(NULL, 0, anon, 0);
378 
379 			if (pg == NULL) {		/* out of RAM.  */
380 
381 				uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL, anon);
382 				uvmexp.fltnoram++;
383 				UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "  noram -- UVM_WAIT",0,
384 				    0,0,0);
385 				uvm_wait("flt_noram1");
386 				/* ready to relock and try again */
387 
388 			} else {
389 
390 				/* we set the PG_BUSY bit */
391 				we_own = TRUE;
392 				uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL, anon);
393 
394 				/*
395 				 * we are passing a PG_BUSY+PG_FAKE+PG_CLEAN
396 				 * page into the uvm_swap_get function with
397 				 * all data structures unlocked.  note that
398 				 * it is ok to read an_swslot here because
399 				 * we hold PG_BUSY on the page.
400 				 */
401 				uvmexp.pageins++;
402 				result = uvm_swap_get(pg, anon->an_swslot,
403 				    PGO_SYNCIO);
404 
405 				/*
406 				 * we clean up after the i/o below in the
407 				 * "we_own" case
408 				 */
409 				/* ready to relock and try again */
410 			}
411 		}
412 
413 		/*
414 		 * now relock and try again
415 		 */
416 
417 		locked = uvmfault_relock(ufi);
418 		if (locked && amap != NULL) {
419 			amap_lock(amap);
420 		}
421 		if (locked || we_own)
422 			simple_lock(&anon->an_lock);
423 
424 		/*
425 		 * if we own the page (i.e. we set PG_BUSY), then we need
426 		 * to clean up after the I/O. there are three cases to
427 		 * consider:
428 		 *   [1] page released during I/O: free anon and ReFault.
429 		 *   [2] I/O not OK.   free the page and cause the fault
430 		 *       to fail.
431 		 *   [3] I/O OK!   activate the page and sync with the
432 		 *       non-we_own case (i.e. drop anon lock if not locked).
433 		 */
434 
435 		if (we_own) {
436 
437 			if (pg->flags & PG_WANTED) {
438 				/* still holding object lock */
439 				wakeup(pg);
440 			}
441 			/* un-busy! */
442 			pg->flags &= ~(PG_WANTED|PG_BUSY|PG_FAKE);
443 			UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
444 
445 			/*
446 			 * if we were RELEASED during I/O, then our anon is
447 			 * no longer part of an amap.   we need to free the
448 			 * anon and try again.
449 			 */
450 			if (pg->flags & PG_RELEASED) {
451 				pmap_page_protect(pg, VM_PROT_NONE);
452 				simple_unlock(&anon->an_lock);
453 				uvm_anfree(anon);	/* frees page for us */
454 				if (locked)
455 					uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL,
456 							   NULL);
457 				uvmexp.fltpgrele++;
458 				UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "<- REFAULT", 0,0,0,0);
459 				return (VM_PAGER_REFAULT);	/* refault! */
460 			}
461 
462 			if (result != VM_PAGER_OK) {
463 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
464 				if (result == VM_PAGER_PEND) {
465 					panic("uvmfault_anonget: "
466 					      "got PENDING for non-async I/O");
467 				}
468 #endif
469 				/* remove page from anon */
470 				anon->u.an_page = NULL;
471 
472 				/*
473 				 * remove the swap slot from the anon
474 				 * and mark the anon as having no real slot.
475 				 * don't free the swap slot, thus preventing
476 				 * it from being used again.
477 				 */
478 				uvm_swap_markbad(anon->an_swslot, 1);
479 				anon->an_swslot = SWSLOT_BAD;
480 
481 				/*
482 				 * note: page was never !PG_BUSY, so it
483 				 * can't be mapped and thus no need to
484 				 * pmap_page_protect it...
485 				 */
486 				uvm_lock_pageq();
487 				uvm_pagefree(pg);
488 				uvm_unlock_pageq();
489 
490 				if (locked)
491 					uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL,
492 					    anon);
493 				else
494 					simple_unlock(&anon->an_lock);
495 				UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "<- ERROR", 0,0,0,0);
496 				return (VM_PAGER_ERROR);
497 			}
498 
499 			/*
500 			 * must be OK, clear modify (already PG_CLEAN)
501 			 * and activate
502 			 */
503 			pmap_clear_modify(pg);
504 			uvm_lock_pageq();
505 			uvm_pageactivate(pg);
506 			uvm_unlock_pageq();
507 			if (!locked)
508 				simple_unlock(&anon->an_lock);
509 		}
510 
511 		/*
512 		 * we were not able to relock.   restart fault.
513 		 */
514 
515 		if (!locked) {
516 			UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "<- REFAULT", 0,0,0,0);
517 			return (VM_PAGER_REFAULT);
518 		}
519 
520 		/*
521 		 * verify no one has touched the amap and moved the anon on us.
522 		 */
523 
524 		if (ufi != NULL &&
525 		    amap_lookup(&ufi->entry->aref,
526 				ufi->orig_rvaddr - ufi->entry->start) != anon) {
527 
528 			uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL, anon);
529 			UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "<- REFAULT", 0,0,0,0);
530 			return (VM_PAGER_REFAULT);
531 		}
532 
533 		/*
534 		 * try it again!
535 		 */
536 
537 		uvmexp.fltanretry++;
538 		continue;
539 
540 	} /* while (1) */
541 
542 	/*NOTREACHED*/
543 }
544 
545 /*
546  *   F A U L T   -   m a i n   e n t r y   p o i n t
547  */
548 
549 /*
550  * uvm_fault: page fault handler
551  *
552  * => called from MD code to resolve a page fault
553  * => VM data structures usually should be unlocked.   however, it is
554  *	possible to call here with the main map locked if the caller
555  *	gets a write lock, sets it recusive, and then calls us (c.f.
556  *	uvm_map_pageable).   this should be avoided because it keeps
557  *	the map locked off during I/O.
558  */
559 
560 #define MASK(entry)     (UVM_ET_ISCOPYONWRITE(entry) ? \
561 			 ~VM_PROT_WRITE : VM_PROT_ALL)
562 
563 int
564 uvm_fault(orig_map, vaddr, fault_type, access_type)
565 	vm_map_t orig_map;
566 	vaddr_t vaddr;
567 	vm_fault_t fault_type;
568 	vm_prot_t access_type;
569 {
570 	struct uvm_faultinfo ufi;
571 	vm_prot_t enter_prot;
572 	boolean_t wired, narrow, promote, locked, shadowed;
573 	int npages, nback, nforw, centeridx, result, lcv, gotpages;
574 	vaddr_t startva, objaddr, currva, offset;
575 	paddr_t pa;
576 	struct vm_amap *amap;
577 	struct uvm_object *uobj;
578 	struct vm_anon *anons_store[UVM_MAXRANGE], **anons, *anon, *oanon;
579 	struct vm_page *pages[UVM_MAXRANGE], *pg, *uobjpage;
580 	UVMHIST_FUNC("uvm_fault"); UVMHIST_CALLED(maphist);
581 
582 	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "(map=0x%x, vaddr=0x%x, ft=%d, at=%d)",
583 	      orig_map, vaddr, fault_type, access_type);
584 
585 	anon = NULL; /* XXX: shut up gcc */
586 
587 	uvmexp.faults++;	/* XXX: locking? */
588 
589 	/*
590 	 * init the IN parameters in the ufi
591 	 */
592 
593 	ufi.orig_map = orig_map;
594 	ufi.orig_rvaddr = trunc_page(vaddr);
595 	ufi.orig_size = PAGE_SIZE;	/* can't get any smaller than this */
596 	if (fault_type == VM_FAULT_WIRE)
597 		narrow = TRUE;		/* don't look for neighborhood
598 					 * pages on wire */
599 	else
600 		narrow = FALSE;		/* normal fault */
601 
602 	/*
603 	 * before we do anything else, if this is a fault on a kernel
604 	 * address, check to see if the address is managed by an
605 	 * interrupt-safe map.  If it is, we fail immediately.  Intrsafe
606 	 * maps are never pageable, and this approach avoids an evil
607 	 * locking mess.
608 	 */
609 	if (orig_map == kernel_map && uvmfault_check_intrsafe(&ufi)) {
610 		UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "<- VA 0x%lx in intrsafe map %p",
611 		    ufi.orig_rvaddr, ufi.map, 0, 0);
612 		return (KERN_FAILURE);
613 	}
614 
615 	/*
616 	 * "goto ReFault" means restart the page fault from ground zero.
617 	 */
618 ReFault:
619 
620 	/*
621 	 * lookup and lock the maps
622 	 */
623 
624 	if (uvmfault_lookup(&ufi, FALSE) == FALSE) {
625 		UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "<- no mapping @ 0x%x", vaddr, 0,0,0);
626 		return (KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
627 	}
628 	/* locked: maps(read) */
629 
630 	/*
631 	 * check protection
632 	 */
633 
634 	if ((ufi.entry->protection & access_type) != access_type) {
635 		UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
636 		    "<- protection failure (prot=0x%x, access=0x%x)",
637 		    ufi.entry->protection, access_type, 0, 0);
638 		uvmfault_unlockmaps(&ufi, FALSE);
639 		return (KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
640 	}
641 
642 	/*
643 	 * if the map is not a pageable map, a page fault always fails.
644 	 */
645 
646 	if ((ufi.map->flags & VM_MAP_PAGEABLE) == 0) {
647 		UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
648 		    "<- map %p not pageable", ufi.map, 0, 0, 0);
649 		uvmfault_unlockmaps(&ufi, FALSE);
650 		return (KERN_FAILURE);
651 	}
652 
653 	/*
654 	 * "enter_prot" is the protection we want to enter the page in at.
655 	 * for certain pages (e.g. copy-on-write pages) this protection can
656 	 * be more strict than ufi.entry->protection.  "wired" means either
657 	 * the entry is wired or we are fault-wiring the pg.
658 	 */
659 
660 	enter_prot = ufi.entry->protection;
661 	wired = VM_MAPENT_ISWIRED(ufi.entry) || (fault_type == VM_FAULT_WIRE);
662 	if (wired)
663 		access_type = enter_prot; /* full access for wired */
664 
665 	/*
666 	 * handle "needs_copy" case.   if we need to copy the amap we will
667 	 * have to drop our readlock and relock it with a write lock.  (we
668 	 * need a write lock to change anything in a map entry [e.g.
669 	 * needs_copy]).
670 	 */
671 
672 	if (UVM_ET_ISNEEDSCOPY(ufi.entry)) {
673 		if ((access_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) ||
674 		    (ufi.entry->object.uvm_obj == NULL)) {
675 			/* need to clear */
676 			UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
677 			    "  need to clear needs_copy and refault",0,0,0,0);
678 			uvmfault_unlockmaps(&ufi, FALSE);
679 			uvmfault_amapcopy(&ufi);
680 			uvmexp.fltamcopy++;
681 			goto ReFault;
682 
683 		} else {
684 
685 			/*
686 			 * ensure that we pmap_enter page R/O since
687 			 * needs_copy is still true
688 			 */
689 			enter_prot &= ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
690 
691 		}
692 	}
693 
694 	/*
695 	 * identify the players
696 	 */
697 
698 	amap = ufi.entry->aref.ar_amap;		/* top layer */
699 	uobj = ufi.entry->object.uvm_obj;	/* bottom layer */
700 
701 	/*
702 	 * check for a case 0 fault.  if nothing backing the entry then
703 	 * error now.
704 	 */
705 
706 	if (amap == NULL && uobj == NULL) {
707 		uvmfault_unlockmaps(&ufi, FALSE);
708 		UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,"<- no backing store, no overlay",0,0,0,0);
709 		return (KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
710 	}
711 
712 	/*
713 	 * establish range of interest based on advice from mapper
714 	 * and then clip to fit map entry.   note that we only want
715 	 * to do this the first time through the fault.   if we
716 	 * ReFault we will disable this by setting "narrow" to true.
717 	 */
718 
719 	if (narrow == FALSE) {
720 
721 		/* wide fault (!narrow) */
722 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
723 		if (uvmadvice[ufi.entry->advice].advice != ufi.entry->advice)
724 			panic("fault: advice mismatch!");
725 #endif
726 		nback = min(uvmadvice[ufi.entry->advice].nback,
727 			    (ufi.orig_rvaddr - ufi.entry->start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
728 		startva = ufi.orig_rvaddr - (nback << PAGE_SHIFT);
729 		nforw = min(uvmadvice[ufi.entry->advice].nforw,
730 			    ((ufi.entry->end - ufi.orig_rvaddr) >>
731 			     PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
732 		/*
733 		 * note: "-1" because we don't want to count the
734 		 * faulting page as forw
735 		 */
736 		npages = nback + nforw + 1;
737 		centeridx = nback;
738 
739 		narrow = TRUE;	/* ensure only once per-fault */
740 
741 	} else {
742 
743 		/* narrow fault! */
744 		nback = nforw = 0;
745 		startva = ufi.orig_rvaddr;
746 		npages = 1;
747 		centeridx = 0;
748 
749 	}
750 
751 	/* locked: maps(read) */
752 	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "  narrow=%d, back=%d, forw=%d, startva=0x%x",
753 		    narrow, nback, nforw, startva);
754 	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "  entry=0x%x, amap=0x%x, obj=0x%x", ufi.entry,
755 		    amap, uobj, 0);
756 
757 	/*
758 	 * if we've got an amap, lock it and extract current anons.
759 	 */
760 
761 	if (amap) {
762 		amap_lock(amap);
763 		anons = anons_store;
764 		amap_lookups(&ufi.entry->aref, startva - ufi.entry->start,
765 		    anons, npages);
766 	} else {
767 		anons = NULL;	/* to be safe */
768 	}
769 
770 	/* locked: maps(read), amap(if there) */
771 
772 	/*
773 	 * for MADV_SEQUENTIAL mappings we want to deactivate the back pages
774 	 * now and then forget about them (for the rest of the fault).
775 	 */
776 
777 	if (ufi.entry->advice == MADV_SEQUENTIAL) {
778 
779 		UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "  MADV_SEQUENTIAL: flushing backpages",
780 		    0,0,0,0);
781 		/* flush back-page anons? */
782 		if (amap)
783 			uvmfault_anonflush(anons, nback);
784 
785 		/* flush object? */
786 		if (uobj) {
787 			objaddr =
788 			    (startva - ufi.entry->start) + ufi.entry->offset;
789 			simple_lock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
790 			(void) uobj->pgops->pgo_flush(uobj, objaddr, objaddr +
791 				    (nback << PAGE_SHIFT), PGO_DEACTIVATE);
792 			simple_unlock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
793 		}
794 
795 		/* now forget about the backpages */
796 		if (amap)
797 			anons += nback;
798 		startva = startva + (nback << PAGE_SHIFT);
799 		npages -= nback;
800 		nback = centeridx = 0;
801 	}
802 
803 	/* locked: maps(read), amap(if there) */
804 
805 	/*
806 	 * map in the backpages and frontpages we found in the amap in hopes
807 	 * of preventing future faults.    we also init the pages[] array as
808 	 * we go.
809 	 */
810 
811 	currva = startva;
812 	shadowed = FALSE;
813 	for (lcv = 0 ; lcv < npages ; lcv++, currva += PAGE_SIZE) {
814 
815 		/*
816 		 * dont play with VAs that are already mapped
817 		 * except for center)
818 		 */
819 		if (lcv != centeridx) {
820 			if (pmap_extract(ufi.orig_map->pmap, currva, &pa) ==
821 			    TRUE) {
822 				pages[lcv] = PGO_DONTCARE;
823 				continue;
824 			}
825 		}
826 
827 		/*
828 		 * unmapped or center page.   check if any anon at this level.
829 		 */
830 		if (amap == NULL || anons[lcv] == NULL) {
831 			pages[lcv] = NULL;
832 			continue;
833 		}
834 
835 		/*
836 		 * check for present page and map if possible.   re-activate it.
837 		 */
838 
839 		pages[lcv] = PGO_DONTCARE;
840 		if (lcv == centeridx) {		/* save center for later! */
841 			shadowed = TRUE;
842 			continue;
843 		}
844 		anon = anons[lcv];
845 		simple_lock(&anon->an_lock);
846 		/* ignore loaned pages */
847 		if (anon->u.an_page && anon->u.an_page->loan_count == 0 &&
848 			(anon->u.an_page->flags & (PG_RELEASED|PG_BUSY)) == 0) {
849 			uvm_lock_pageq();
850 			uvm_pageactivate(anon->u.an_page);	/* reactivate */
851 			uvm_unlock_pageq();
852 			UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
853 			    "  MAPPING: n anon: pm=0x%x, va=0x%x, pg=0x%x",
854 			    ufi.orig_map->pmap, currva, anon->u.an_page, 0);
855 			uvmexp.fltnamap++;
856 			/*
857 			 * Since this isn't the page that's actually faulting,
858 			 * ignore pmap_enter() failures; it's not critical
859 			 * that we enter these right now.
860 			 */
861 			(void) pmap_enter(ufi.orig_map->pmap, currva,
862 			    VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(anon->u.an_page),
863 			    (anon->an_ref > 1) ? (enter_prot & ~VM_PROT_WRITE) :
864 			    enter_prot,
865 			    PMAP_CANFAIL |
866 			     (VM_MAPENT_ISWIRED(ufi.entry) ? PMAP_WIRED : 0));
867 		}
868 		simple_unlock(&anon->an_lock);
869 	}
870 
871 	/* locked: maps(read), amap(if there) */
872 	/* (shadowed == TRUE) if there is an anon at the faulting address */
873 	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "  shadowed=%d, will_get=%d", shadowed,
874 	    (uobj && shadowed == FALSE),0,0);
875 
876 	/*
877 	 * note that if we are really short of RAM we could sleep in the above
878 	 * call to pmap_enter with everything locked.   bad?
879 	 *
880 	 * XXX Actually, that is bad; pmap_enter() should just fail in that
881 	 * XXX case.  --thorpej
882 	 */
883 
884 	/*
885 	 * if the desired page is not shadowed by the amap and we have a
886 	 * backing object, then we check to see if the backing object would
887 	 * prefer to handle the fault itself (rather than letting us do it
888 	 * with the usual pgo_get hook).  the backing object signals this by
889 	 * providing a pgo_fault routine.
890 	 */
891 
892 	if (uobj && shadowed == FALSE && uobj->pgops->pgo_fault != NULL) {
893 
894 		simple_lock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
895 
896 		/* locked: maps(read), amap (if there), uobj */
897 		result = uobj->pgops->pgo_fault(&ufi, startva, pages, npages,
898 				    centeridx, fault_type, access_type,
899 				    PGO_LOCKED);
900 		/* locked: nothing, pgo_fault has unlocked everything */
901 
902 		if (result == VM_PAGER_OK)
903 			return (KERN_SUCCESS);	/* pgo_fault did pmap enter */
904 		else if (result == VM_PAGER_REFAULT)
905 			goto ReFault;		/* try again! */
906 		else
907 			return (KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
908 	}
909 
910 	/*
911 	 * now, if the desired page is not shadowed by the amap and we have
912 	 * a backing object that does not have a special fault routine, then
913 	 * we ask (with pgo_get) the object for resident pages that we care
914 	 * about and attempt to map them in.  we do not let pgo_get block
915 	 * (PGO_LOCKED).
916 	 *
917 	 * ("get" has the option of doing a pmap_enter for us)
918 	 */
919 
920 	if (uobj && shadowed == FALSE) {
921 		simple_lock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
922 
923 		/* locked (!shadowed): maps(read), amap (if there), uobj */
924 		/*
925 		 * the following call to pgo_get does _not_ change locking state
926 		 */
927 
928 		uvmexp.fltlget++;
929 		gotpages = npages;
930 		result = uobj->pgops->pgo_get(uobj, ufi.entry->offset +
931 				(startva - ufi.entry->start),
932 				pages, &gotpages, centeridx,
933 				access_type & MASK(ufi.entry),
934 				ufi.entry->advice, PGO_LOCKED);
935 
936 		/*
937 		 * check for pages to map, if we got any
938 		 */
939 
940 		uobjpage = NULL;
941 
942 		if (gotpages) {
943 			currva = startva;
944 			for (lcv = 0 ; lcv < npages ;
945 			    lcv++, currva += PAGE_SIZE) {
946 
947 				if (pages[lcv] == NULL ||
948 				    pages[lcv] == PGO_DONTCARE)
949 					continue;
950 
951 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
952 					/*
953 					 * pager sanity check: pgo_get with
954 					 * PGO_LOCKED should never return a
955 					 * released page to us.
956 					 */
957 					if (pages[lcv]->flags & PG_RELEASED)
958 		panic("uvm_fault: pgo_get PGO_LOCKED gave us a RELEASED page");
959 #endif
960 
961 					/*
962 					 * if center page is resident and not
963 					 * PG_BUSY|PG_RELEASED then pgo_get
964 					 * made it PG_BUSY for us and gave
965 					 * us a handle to it.   remember this
966 					 * page as "uobjpage." (for later use).
967 					 */
968 
969 					if (lcv == centeridx) {
970 						uobjpage = pages[lcv];
971 	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "  got uobjpage (0x%x) with locked get",
972 					    uobjpage, 0,0,0);
973 						continue;
974 				}
975 
976 				/*
977 				 * note: calling pgo_get with locked data
978 				 * structures returns us pages which are
979 				 * neither busy nor released, so we don't
980 				 * need to check for this.   we can just
981 				 * directly enter the page (after moving it
982 				 * to the head of the active queue [useful?]).
983 				 */
984 
985 				uvm_lock_pageq();
986 				uvm_pageactivate(pages[lcv]);	/* reactivate */
987 				uvm_unlock_pageq();
988 				UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
989 				  "  MAPPING: n obj: pm=0x%x, va=0x%x, pg=0x%x",
990 				  ufi.orig_map->pmap, currva, pages[lcv], 0);
991 				uvmexp.fltnomap++;
992 				/*
993 				 * Since this page isn't the page that's
994 				 * actually fauling, ignore pmap_enter()
995 				 * failures; it's not critical that we
996 				 * enter these right now.
997 				 */
998 				(void) pmap_enter(ufi.orig_map->pmap, currva,
999 				    VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(pages[lcv]),
1000 				    enter_prot & MASK(ufi.entry),
1001 				    PMAP_CANFAIL |
1002 				     (wired ? PMAP_WIRED : 0));
1003 
1004 				/*
1005 				 * NOTE: page can't be PG_WANTED or PG_RELEASED
1006 				 * because we've held the lock the whole time
1007 				 * we've had the handle.
1008 				 */
1009 				pages[lcv]->flags &= ~(PG_BUSY); /* un-busy! */
1010 				UVM_PAGE_OWN(pages[lcv], NULL);
1011 
1012 				/* done! */
1013 			}	/* for "lcv" loop */
1014 		}   /* "gotpages" != 0 */
1015 
1016 		/* note: object still _locked_ */
1017 	} else {
1018 
1019 		uobjpage = NULL;
1020 
1021 	}
1022 
1023 	/* locked (shadowed): maps(read), amap */
1024 	/* locked (!shadowed): maps(read), amap(if there),
1025 		 uobj(if !null), uobjpage(if !null) */
1026 
1027 	/*
1028 	 * note that at this point we are done with any front or back pages.
1029 	 * we are now going to focus on the center page (i.e. the one we've
1030 	 * faulted on).  if we have faulted on the top (anon) layer
1031 	 * [i.e. case 1], then the anon we want is anons[centeridx] (we have
1032 	 * not touched it yet).  if we have faulted on the bottom (uobj)
1033 	 * layer [i.e. case 2] and the page was both present and available,
1034 	 * then we've got a pointer to it as "uobjpage" and we've already
1035 	 * made it BUSY.
1036 	 */
1037 
1038 	/*
1039 	 * there are four possible cases we must address: 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B
1040 	 */
1041 
1042 	/*
1043 	 * redirect case 2: if we are not shadowed, go to case 2.
1044 	 */
1045 
1046 	if (shadowed == FALSE)
1047 		goto Case2;
1048 
1049 	/* locked: maps(read), amap */
1050 
1051 	/*
1052 	 * handle case 1: fault on an anon in our amap
1053 	 */
1054 
1055 	anon = anons[centeridx];
1056 	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "  case 1 fault: anon=0x%x", anon, 0,0,0);
1057 	simple_lock(&anon->an_lock);
1058 
1059 	/* locked: maps(read), amap, anon */
1060 
1061 	/*
1062 	 * no matter if we have case 1A or case 1B we are going to need to
1063 	 * have the anon's memory resident.   ensure that now.
1064 	 */
1065 
1066 	/*
1067 	 * let uvmfault_anonget do the dirty work.
1068 	 * if it fails (!OK) it will unlock all but the anon for us.
1069 	 * if it succeeds, locks are still valid and locked.
1070 	 * also, if it is OK, then the anon's page is on the queues.
1071 	 * if the page is on loan from a uvm_object, then anonget will
1072 	 * lock that object for us if it does not fail.
1073 	 */
1074 
1075 	result = uvmfault_anonget(&ufi, amap, anon);
1076 	if (result != VM_PAGER_OK) {
1077 		simple_unlock(&anon->an_lock);
1078 	}
1079 
1080 	if (result == VM_PAGER_REFAULT)
1081 		goto ReFault;
1082 
1083 	if (result == VM_PAGER_AGAIN) {
1084 		tsleep((caddr_t)&lbolt, PVM, "fltagain1", 0);
1085 		goto ReFault;
1086 	}
1087 
1088 	if (result != VM_PAGER_OK)
1089 		return (KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);		/* XXX??? */
1090 
1091 	/*
1092 	 * uobj is non null if the page is on loan from an object (i.e. uobj)
1093 	 */
1094 
1095 	uobj = anon->u.an_page->uobject;	/* locked by anonget if !NULL */
1096 
1097 	/* locked: maps(read), amap, anon, uobj(if one) */
1098 
1099 	/*
1100 	 * special handling for loaned pages
1101 	 */
1102 	if (anon->u.an_page->loan_count) {
1103 
1104 		if ((access_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) == 0) {
1105 
1106 			/*
1107 			 * for read faults on loaned pages we just cap the
1108 			 * protection at read-only.
1109 			 */
1110 
1111 			enter_prot = enter_prot & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
1112 
1113 		} else {
1114 			/*
1115 			 * note that we can't allow writes into a loaned page!
1116 			 *
1117 			 * if we have a write fault on a loaned page in an
1118 			 * anon then we need to look at the anon's ref count.
1119 			 * if it is greater than one then we are going to do
1120 			 * a normal copy-on-write fault into a new anon (this
1121 			 * is not a problem).  however, if the reference count
1122 			 * is one (a case where we would normally allow a
1123 			 * write directly to the page) then we need to kill
1124 			 * the loan before we continue.
1125 			 */
1126 
1127 			/* >1 case is already ok */
1128 			if (anon->an_ref == 1) {
1129 
1130 				/* get new un-owned replacement page */
1131 				pg = uvm_pagealloc(NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
1132 				if (pg == NULL) {
1133 					uvmfault_unlockall(&ufi, amap, uobj,
1134 					    anon);
1135 					uvm_wait("flt_noram2");
1136 					goto ReFault;
1137 				}
1138 
1139 				/*
1140 				 * copy data, kill loan, and drop uobj lock
1141 				 * (if any)
1142 				 */
1143 				/* copy old -> new */
1144 				uvm_pagecopy(anon->u.an_page, pg);
1145 
1146 				/* force reload */
1147 				pmap_page_protect(anon->u.an_page,
1148 						  VM_PROT_NONE);
1149 				uvm_lock_pageq();	  /* KILL loan */
1150 				if (uobj)
1151 					/* if we were loaning */
1152 					anon->u.an_page->loan_count--;
1153 				anon->u.an_page->uanon = NULL;
1154 				/* in case we owned */
1155 				anon->u.an_page->pqflags &= ~PQ_ANON;
1156 				uvm_unlock_pageq();
1157 				if (uobj) {
1158 					simple_unlock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
1159 					uobj = NULL;
1160 				}
1161 
1162 				/* install new page in anon */
1163 				anon->u.an_page = pg;
1164 				pg->uanon = anon;
1165 				pg->pqflags |= PQ_ANON;
1166 				pg->flags &= ~(PG_BUSY|PG_FAKE);
1167 				UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
1168 
1169 				/* done! */
1170 			}     /* ref == 1 */
1171 		}       /* write fault */
1172 	}         /* loan count */
1173 
1174 	/*
1175 	 * if we are case 1B then we will need to allocate a new blank
1176 	 * anon to transfer the data into.   note that we have a lock
1177 	 * on anon, so no one can busy or release the page until we are done.
1178 	 * also note that the ref count can't drop to zero here because
1179 	 * it is > 1 and we are only dropping one ref.
1180 	 *
1181 	 * in the (hopefully very rare) case that we are out of RAM we
1182 	 * will unlock, wait for more RAM, and refault.
1183 	 *
1184 	 * if we are out of anon VM we kill the process (XXX: could wait?).
1185 	 */
1186 
1187 	if ((access_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) != 0 && anon->an_ref > 1) {
1188 
1189 		UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "  case 1B: COW fault",0,0,0,0);
1190 		uvmexp.flt_acow++;
1191 		oanon = anon;		/* oanon = old, locked anon */
1192 		anon = uvm_analloc();
1193 		if (anon)
1194 			pg = uvm_pagealloc(NULL, 0, anon, 0);
1195 #ifdef __GNUC__
1196 		else
1197 			pg = NULL; /* XXX: gcc */
1198 #endif
1199 
1200 		/* check for out of RAM */
1201 		if (anon == NULL || pg == NULL) {
1202 			if (anon)
1203 				uvm_anfree(anon);
1204 			uvmfault_unlockall(&ufi, amap, uobj, oanon);
1205 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1206 			if (uvmexp.swpgonly > uvmexp.swpages) {
1207 				panic("uvmexp.swpgonly botch");
1208 			}
1209 #endif
1210 			if (anon == NULL || uvmexp.swpgonly == uvmexp.swpages) {
1211 				UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
1212 				    "<- failed.  out of VM",0,0,0,0);
1213 				uvmexp.fltnoanon++;
1214 				return (KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE);
1215 			}
1216 
1217 			uvmexp.fltnoram++;
1218 			uvm_wait("flt_noram3");	/* out of RAM, wait for more */
1219 			goto ReFault;
1220 		}
1221 
1222 		/* got all resources, replace anon with nanon */
1223 
1224 		uvm_pagecopy(oanon->u.an_page, pg);	/* pg now !PG_CLEAN */
1225 		pg->flags &= ~(PG_BUSY|PG_FAKE);	/* un-busy! new page */
1226 		UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
1227 		amap_add(&ufi.entry->aref, ufi.orig_rvaddr - ufi.entry->start,
1228 		    anon, 1);
1229 
1230 		/* deref: can not drop to zero here by defn! */
1231 		oanon->an_ref--;
1232 
1233 		/*
1234 		 * note: oanon still locked.   anon is _not_ locked, but we
1235 		 * have the sole references to in from amap which _is_ locked.
1236 		 * thus, no one can get at it until we are done with it.
1237 		 */
1238 
1239 	} else {
1240 
1241 		uvmexp.flt_anon++;
1242 		oanon = anon;		/* old, locked anon is same as anon */
1243 		pg = anon->u.an_page;
1244 		if (anon->an_ref > 1)     /* disallow writes to ref > 1 anons */
1245 			enter_prot = enter_prot & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
1246 
1247 	}
1248 
1249 	/* locked: maps(read), amap, anon */
1250 
1251 	/*
1252 	 * now map the page in ...
1253 	 * XXX: old fault unlocks object before pmap_enter.  this seems
1254 	 * suspect since some other thread could blast the page out from
1255 	 * under us between the unlock and the pmap_enter.
1256 	 */
1257 
1258 	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "  MAPPING: anon: pm=0x%x, va=0x%x, pg=0x%x",
1259 	    ufi.orig_map->pmap, ufi.orig_rvaddr, pg, 0);
1260 	if (pmap_enter(ufi.orig_map->pmap, ufi.orig_rvaddr, VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(pg),
1261 	    enter_prot, access_type | PMAP_CANFAIL | (wired ? PMAP_WIRED : 0))
1262 	    != KERN_SUCCESS) {
1263 		/*
1264 		 * No need to undo what we did; we can simply think of
1265 		 * this as the pmap throwing away the mapping information.
1266 		 *
1267 		 * We do, however, have to go through the ReFault path,
1268 		 * as the map may change while we're asleep.
1269 		 */
1270 		uvmfault_unlockall(&ufi, amap, uobj, oanon);
1271 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1272 		if (uvmexp.swpgonly > uvmexp.swpages)
1273 			panic("uvmexp.swpgonly botch");
1274 #endif
1275 		if (uvmexp.swpgonly == uvmexp.swpages) {
1276 			UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
1277 			    "<- failed.  out of VM",0,0,0,0);
1278 			/* XXX instrumentation */
1279 			return (KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE);
1280 		}
1281 		/* XXX instrumentation */
1282 		uvm_wait("flt_pmfail1");
1283 		goto ReFault;
1284 	}
1285 
1286 	/*
1287 	 * ... update the page queues.
1288 	 */
1289 
1290 	uvm_lock_pageq();
1291 
1292 	if (fault_type == VM_FAULT_WIRE) {
1293 		uvm_pagewire(pg);
1294 
1295 		/*
1296 		 * since the now-wired page cannot be paged out,
1297 		 * release its swap resources for others to use.
1298 		 * since an anon with no swap cannot be PG_CLEAN,
1299 		 * clear its clean flag now.
1300 		 */
1301 
1302 		pg->flags &= ~(PG_CLEAN);
1303 		uvm_anon_dropswap(anon);
1304 	} else {
1305 		/* activate it */
1306 		uvm_pageactivate(pg);
1307 	}
1308 
1309 	uvm_unlock_pageq();
1310 
1311 	/*
1312 	 * done case 1!  finish up by unlocking everything and returning success
1313 	 */
1314 
1315 	uvmfault_unlockall(&ufi, amap, uobj, oanon);
1316 	return (KERN_SUCCESS);
1317 
1318 
1319 Case2:
1320 	/*
1321 	 * handle case 2: faulting on backing object or zero fill
1322 	 */
1323 
1324 	/*
1325 	 * locked:
1326 	 * maps(read), amap(if there), uobj(if !null), uobjpage(if !null)
1327 	 */
1328 
1329 	/*
1330 	 * note that uobjpage can not be PGO_DONTCARE at this point.  we now
1331 	 * set uobjpage to PGO_DONTCARE if we are doing a zero fill.  if we
1332 	 * have a backing object, check and see if we are going to promote
1333 	 * the data up to an anon during the fault.
1334 	 */
1335 
1336 	if (uobj == NULL) {
1337 		uobjpage = PGO_DONTCARE;
1338 		promote = TRUE;		/* always need anon here */
1339 	} else {
1340 		/* assert(uobjpage != PGO_DONTCARE) */
1341 		promote = (access_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) &&
1342 		     UVM_ET_ISCOPYONWRITE(ufi.entry);
1343 	}
1344 	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "  case 2 fault: promote=%d, zfill=%d",
1345 	    promote, (uobj == NULL), 0,0);
1346 
1347 	/*
1348 	 * if uobjpage is not null then we do not need to do I/O to get the
1349 	 * uobjpage.
1350 	 *
1351 	 * if uobjpage is null, then we need to unlock and ask the pager to
1352 	 * get the data for us.   once we have the data, we need to reverify
1353 	 * the state the world.   we are currently not holding any resources.
1354 	 */
1355 
1356 	if (uobjpage) {
1357 		/* update rusage counters */
1358 		curproc->p_addr->u_stats.p_ru.ru_minflt++;
1359 	} else {
1360 		/* update rusage counters */
1361 		curproc->p_addr->u_stats.p_ru.ru_majflt++;
1362 
1363 		/* locked: maps(read), amap(if there), uobj */
1364 		uvmfault_unlockall(&ufi, amap, NULL, NULL);
1365 		/* locked: uobj */
1366 
1367 		uvmexp.fltget++;
1368 		gotpages = 1;
1369 		result = uobj->pgops->pgo_get(uobj,
1370 		    (ufi.orig_rvaddr - ufi.entry->start) + ufi.entry->offset,
1371 		    &uobjpage, &gotpages, 0,
1372 			access_type & MASK(ufi.entry),
1373 			ufi.entry->advice, 0);
1374 
1375 		/* locked: uobjpage(if result OK) */
1376 
1377 		/*
1378 		 * recover from I/O
1379 		 */
1380 
1381 		if (result != VM_PAGER_OK) {
1382 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1383 			if (result == VM_PAGER_PEND)
1384 				panic("uvm_fault: pgo_get got PENDing "
1385 				    "on non-async I/O");
1386 #endif
1387 
1388 			if (result == VM_PAGER_AGAIN) {
1389 				UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
1390 				    "  pgo_get says TRY AGAIN!",0,0,0,0);
1391 				tsleep((caddr_t)&lbolt, PVM, "fltagain2", 0);
1392 				goto ReFault;
1393 			}
1394 
1395 			UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "<- pgo_get failed (code %d)",
1396 			    result, 0,0,0);
1397 			return (KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE); /* XXX i/o error */
1398 		}
1399 
1400 		/* locked: uobjpage */
1401 
1402 		/*
1403 		 * re-verify the state of the world by first trying to relock
1404 		 * the maps.  always relock the object.
1405 		 */
1406 
1407 		locked = uvmfault_relock(&ufi);
1408 		if (locked && amap)
1409 			amap_lock(amap);
1410 		simple_lock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
1411 
1412 		/* locked(locked): maps(read), amap(if !null), uobj, uobjpage */
1413 		/* locked(!locked): uobj, uobjpage */
1414 
1415 		/*
1416 		 * verify that the page has not be released and re-verify
1417 		 * that amap slot is still free.   if there is a problem,
1418 		 * we unlock and clean up.
1419 		 */
1420 
1421 		if ((uobjpage->flags & PG_RELEASED) != 0 ||
1422 		    (locked && amap &&
1423 		    amap_lookup(&ufi.entry->aref,
1424 		      ufi.orig_rvaddr - ufi.entry->start))) {
1425 			if (locked)
1426 				uvmfault_unlockall(&ufi, amap, NULL, NULL);
1427 			locked = FALSE;
1428 		}
1429 
1430 		/*
1431 		 * didn't get the lock?   release the page and retry.
1432 		 */
1433 
1434 		if (locked == FALSE) {
1435 
1436 			UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
1437 			    "  wasn't able to relock after fault: retry",
1438 			    0,0,0,0);
1439 			if (uobjpage->flags & PG_WANTED)
1440 				/* still holding object lock */
1441 				wakeup(uobjpage);
1442 
1443 			if (uobjpage->flags & PG_RELEASED) {
1444 				uvmexp.fltpgrele++;
1445 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1446 				if (uobj->pgops->pgo_releasepg == NULL)
1447 					panic("uvm_fault: object has no "
1448 					    "releasepg function");
1449 #endif
1450 				/* frees page */
1451 				if (uobj->pgops->pgo_releasepg(uobjpage,NULL))
1452 					/* unlock if still alive */
1453 					simple_unlock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
1454 				goto ReFault;
1455 			}
1456 
1457 			uvm_lock_pageq();
1458 			/* make sure it is in queues */
1459 			uvm_pageactivate(uobjpage);
1460 
1461 			uvm_unlock_pageq();
1462 			uobjpage->flags &= ~(PG_BUSY|PG_WANTED);
1463 			UVM_PAGE_OWN(uobjpage, NULL);
1464 			simple_unlock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
1465 			goto ReFault;
1466 
1467 		}
1468 
1469 		/*
1470 		 * we have the data in uobjpage which is PG_BUSY and
1471 		 * !PG_RELEASED.  we are holding object lock (so the page
1472 		 * can't be released on us).
1473 		 */
1474 
1475 		/* locked: maps(read), amap(if !null), uobj, uobjpage */
1476 
1477 	}
1478 
1479 	/*
1480 	 * locked:
1481 	 * maps(read), amap(if !null), uobj(if !null), uobjpage(if uobj)
1482 	 */
1483 
1484 	/*
1485 	 * notes:
1486 	 *  - at this point uobjpage can not be NULL
1487 	 *  - at this point uobjpage can not be PG_RELEASED (since we checked
1488 	 *  for it above)
1489 	 *  - at this point uobjpage could be PG_WANTED (handle later)
1490 	 */
1491 
1492 	if (promote == FALSE) {
1493 
1494 		/*
1495 		 * we are not promoting.   if the mapping is COW ensure that we
1496 		 * don't give more access than we should (e.g. when doing a read
1497 		 * fault on a COPYONWRITE mapping we want to map the COW page in
1498 		 * R/O even though the entry protection could be R/W).
1499 		 *
1500 		 * set "pg" to the page we want to map in (uobjpage, usually)
1501 		 */
1502 
1503 		uvmexp.flt_obj++;
1504 		if (UVM_ET_ISCOPYONWRITE(ufi.entry))
1505 			enter_prot &= ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
1506 		pg = uobjpage;		/* map in the actual object */
1507 
1508 		/* assert(uobjpage != PGO_DONTCARE) */
1509 
1510 		/*
1511 		 * we are faulting directly on the page.   be careful
1512 		 * about writing to loaned pages...
1513 		 */
1514 		if (uobjpage->loan_count) {
1515 
1516 			if ((access_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) == 0) {
1517 				/* read fault: cap the protection at readonly */
1518 				/* cap! */
1519 				enter_prot = enter_prot & ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
1520 			} else {
1521 				/* write fault: must break the loan here */
1522 
1523 				/* alloc new un-owned page */
1524 				pg = uvm_pagealloc(NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
1525 
1526 				if (pg == NULL) {
1527 					/*
1528 					 * drop ownership of page, it can't
1529 					 * be released
1530 					 */
1531 					if (uobjpage->flags & PG_WANTED)
1532 						wakeup(uobjpage);
1533 					uobjpage->flags &= ~(PG_BUSY|PG_WANTED);
1534 					UVM_PAGE_OWN(uobjpage, NULL);
1535 
1536 					uvm_lock_pageq();
1537 					/* activate: we will need it later */
1538 					uvm_pageactivate(uobjpage);
1539 
1540 					uvm_unlock_pageq();
1541 					uvmfault_unlockall(&ufi, amap, uobj,
1542 					  NULL);
1543 					UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
1544 					  "  out of RAM breaking loan, waiting",
1545 					  0,0,0,0);
1546 					uvmexp.fltnoram++;
1547 					uvm_wait("flt_noram4");
1548 					goto ReFault;
1549 				}
1550 
1551 				/*
1552 				 * copy the data from the old page to the new
1553 				 * one and clear the fake/clean flags on the
1554 				 * new page (keep it busy).  force a reload
1555 				 * of the old page by clearing it from all
1556 				 * pmaps.  then lock the page queues to
1557 				 * rename the pages.
1558 				 */
1559 				uvm_pagecopy(uobjpage, pg);	/* old -> new */
1560 				pg->flags &= ~(PG_FAKE|PG_CLEAN);
1561 				pmap_page_protect(uobjpage, VM_PROT_NONE);
1562 				if (uobjpage->flags & PG_WANTED)
1563 					wakeup(uobjpage);
1564 				/* uobj still locked */
1565 				uobjpage->flags &= ~(PG_WANTED|PG_BUSY);
1566 				UVM_PAGE_OWN(uobjpage, NULL);
1567 
1568 				uvm_lock_pageq();
1569 				offset = uobjpage->offset;
1570 				/* remove old page */
1571 				uvm_pagerealloc(uobjpage, NULL, 0);
1572 
1573 				/*
1574 				 * at this point we have absolutely no
1575 				 * control over uobjpage
1576 				 */
1577 				/* install new page */
1578 				uvm_pagerealloc(pg, uobj, offset);
1579 				uvm_unlock_pageq();
1580 
1581 				/*
1582 				 * done!  loan is broken and "pg" is
1583 				 * PG_BUSY.   it can now replace uobjpage.
1584 				 */
1585 
1586 				uobjpage = pg;
1587 
1588 			}		/* write fault case */
1589 		}		/* if loan_count */
1590 
1591 	} else {
1592 
1593 		/*
1594 		 * if we are going to promote the data to an anon we
1595 		 * allocate a blank anon here and plug it into our amap.
1596 		 */
1597 #if DIAGNOSTIC
1598 		if (amap == NULL)
1599 			panic("uvm_fault: want to promote data, but no anon");
1600 #endif
1601 
1602 		anon = uvm_analloc();
1603 		if (anon) {
1604 			/*
1605 			 * In `Fill in data...' below, if
1606 			 * uobjpage == PGO_DONTCARE, we want
1607 			 * a zero'd, dirty page, so have
1608 			 * uvm_pagealloc() do that for us.
1609 			 */
1610 			pg = uvm_pagealloc(NULL, 0, anon,
1611 			    (uobjpage == PGO_DONTCARE) ? UVM_PGA_ZERO : 0);
1612 		}
1613 #ifdef __GNUC__
1614 		else
1615 			pg = NULL; /* XXX: gcc */
1616 #endif
1617 
1618 		/*
1619 		 * out of memory resources?
1620 		 */
1621 		if (anon == NULL || pg == NULL) {
1622 
1623 			/*
1624 			 * arg!  must unbusy our page and fail or sleep.
1625 			 */
1626 			if (uobjpage != PGO_DONTCARE) {
1627 				if (uobjpage->flags & PG_WANTED)
1628 					/* still holding object lock */
1629 					wakeup(uobjpage);
1630 
1631 				uvm_lock_pageq();
1632 				/* make sure it is in queues */
1633 				uvm_pageactivate(uobjpage);
1634 				uvm_unlock_pageq();
1635 				/* un-busy! (still locked) */
1636 				uobjpage->flags &= ~(PG_BUSY|PG_WANTED);
1637 				UVM_PAGE_OWN(uobjpage, NULL);
1638 			}
1639 
1640 			/* unlock and fail ... */
1641 			uvmfault_unlockall(&ufi, amap, uobj, NULL);
1642 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1643 			if (uvmexp.swpgonly > uvmexp.swpages) {
1644 				panic("uvmexp.swpgonly botch");
1645 			}
1646 #endif
1647 			if (anon == NULL || uvmexp.swpgonly == uvmexp.swpages) {
1648 				UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "  promote: out of VM",
1649 				    0,0,0,0);
1650 				uvmexp.fltnoanon++;
1651 				return (KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE);
1652 			}
1653 
1654 			UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "  out of RAM, waiting for more",
1655 			    0,0,0,0);
1656 			uvm_anfree(anon);
1657 			uvmexp.fltnoram++;
1658 			uvm_wait("flt_noram5");
1659 			goto ReFault;
1660 		}
1661 
1662 		/*
1663 		 * fill in the data
1664 		 */
1665 
1666 		if (uobjpage != PGO_DONTCARE) {
1667 			uvmexp.flt_prcopy++;
1668 			/* copy page [pg now dirty] */
1669 			uvm_pagecopy(uobjpage, pg);
1670 
1671 			/*
1672 			 * promote to shared amap?  make sure all sharing
1673 			 * procs see it
1674 			 */
1675 			if ((amap_flags(amap) & AMAP_SHARED) != 0) {
1676 				pmap_page_protect(uobjpage, VM_PROT_NONE);
1677 			}
1678 
1679 			/*
1680 			 * dispose of uobjpage.  it can't be PG_RELEASED
1681 			 * since we still hold the object lock.   drop
1682 			 * handle to uobj as well.
1683 			 */
1684 
1685 			if (uobjpage->flags & PG_WANTED)
1686 				/* still have the obj lock */
1687 				wakeup(uobjpage);
1688 			uobjpage->flags &= ~(PG_BUSY|PG_WANTED);
1689 			UVM_PAGE_OWN(uobjpage, NULL);
1690 			uvm_lock_pageq();
1691 			uvm_pageactivate(uobjpage);	/* put it back */
1692 			uvm_unlock_pageq();
1693 			simple_unlock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
1694 			uobj = NULL;
1695 			UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
1696 			    "  promote uobjpage 0x%x to anon/page 0x%x/0x%x",
1697 			    uobjpage, anon, pg, 0);
1698 
1699 		} else {
1700 			uvmexp.flt_przero++;
1701 			/*
1702 			 * Page is zero'd and marked dirty by uvm_pagealloc()
1703 			 * above.
1704 			 */
1705 			UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,"  zero fill anon/page 0x%x/0%x",
1706 			    anon, pg, 0, 0);
1707 		}
1708 
1709 		amap_add(&ufi.entry->aref, ufi.orig_rvaddr - ufi.entry->start,
1710 		    anon, 0);
1711 
1712 	}
1713 
1714 	/*
1715 	 * locked:
1716 	 * maps(read), amap(if !null), uobj(if !null), uobjpage(if uobj)
1717 	 *
1718 	 * note: pg is either the uobjpage or the new page in the new anon
1719 	 */
1720 
1721 	/*
1722 	 * all resources are present.   we can now map it in and free our
1723 	 * resources.
1724 	 */
1725 
1726 	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
1727 	    "  MAPPING: case2: pm=0x%x, va=0x%x, pg=0x%x, promote=%d",
1728 	    ufi.orig_map->pmap, ufi.orig_rvaddr, pg, promote);
1729 	if (pmap_enter(ufi.orig_map->pmap, ufi.orig_rvaddr, VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(pg),
1730 	    enter_prot, access_type | PMAP_CANFAIL | (wired ? PMAP_WIRED : 0))
1731 	    != KERN_SUCCESS) {
1732 		/*
1733 		 * No need to undo what we did; we can simply think of
1734 		 * this as the pmap throwing away the mapping information.
1735 		 *
1736 		 * We do, however, have to go through the ReFault path,
1737 		 * as the map may change while we're asleep.
1738 		 */
1739 		if (pg->flags & PG_WANTED)
1740 			wakeup(pg);		/* lock still held */
1741 
1742 		/*
1743 		 * note that pg can't be PG_RELEASED since we did not drop
1744 		 * the object lock since the last time we checked.
1745 		 */
1746 
1747 		pg->flags &= ~(PG_BUSY|PG_FAKE|PG_WANTED);
1748 		UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
1749 		uvmfault_unlockall(&ufi, amap, uobj, NULL);
1750 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1751 		if (uvmexp.swpgonly > uvmexp.swpages)
1752 			panic("uvmexp.swpgonly botch");
1753 #endif
1754 		if (uvmexp.swpgonly == uvmexp.swpages) {
1755 			UVMHIST_LOG(maphist,
1756 			    "<- failed.  out of VM",0,0,0,0);
1757 			/* XXX instrumentation */
1758 			return (KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE);
1759 		}
1760 		/* XXX instrumentation */
1761 		uvm_wait("flt_pmfail2");
1762 		goto ReFault;
1763 	}
1764 
1765 	uvm_lock_pageq();
1766 
1767 	if (fault_type == VM_FAULT_WIRE) {
1768 		uvm_pagewire(pg);
1769 		if (pg->pqflags & PQ_AOBJ) {
1770 
1771 			/*
1772 			 * since the now-wired page cannot be paged out,
1773 			 * release its swap resources for others to use.
1774 			 * since an aobj page with no swap cannot be PG_CLEAN,
1775 			 * clear its clean flag now.
1776 			 */
1777 
1778 			pg->flags &= ~(PG_CLEAN);
1779 			uao_dropswap(uobj, pg->offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);
1780 		}
1781 	} else {
1782 		/* activate it */
1783 		uvm_pageactivate(pg);
1784 	}
1785 
1786 	uvm_unlock_pageq();
1787 
1788 	if (pg->flags & PG_WANTED)
1789 		wakeup(pg);		/* lock still held */
1790 
1791 	/*
1792 	 * note that pg can't be PG_RELEASED since we did not drop the object
1793 	 * lock since the last time we checked.
1794 	 */
1795 
1796 	pg->flags &= ~(PG_BUSY|PG_FAKE|PG_WANTED);
1797 	UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
1798 	uvmfault_unlockall(&ufi, amap, uobj, NULL);
1799 
1800 	UVMHIST_LOG(maphist, "<- done (SUCCESS!)",0,0,0,0);
1801 	return (KERN_SUCCESS);
1802 }
1803 
1804 
1805 /*
1806  * uvm_fault_wire: wire down a range of virtual addresses in a map.
1807  *
1808  * => map may be read-locked by caller, but MUST NOT be write-locked.
1809  * => if map is read-locked, any operations which may cause map to
1810  *	be write-locked in uvm_fault() must be taken care of by
1811  *	the caller.  See uvm_map_pageable().
1812  */
1813 
1814 int
1815 uvm_fault_wire(map, start, end, access_type)
1816 	vm_map_t map;
1817 	vaddr_t start, end;
1818 	vm_prot_t access_type;
1819 {
1820 	vaddr_t va;
1821 	pmap_t  pmap;
1822 	int rv;
1823 
1824 	pmap = vm_map_pmap(map);
1825 
1826 	/*
1827 	 * now fault it in a page at a time.   if the fault fails then we have
1828 	 * to undo what we have done.   note that in uvm_fault VM_PROT_NONE
1829 	 * is replaced with the max protection if fault_type is VM_FAULT_WIRE.
1830 	 */
1831 
1832 	for (va = start ; va < end ; va += PAGE_SIZE) {
1833 		rv = uvm_fault(map, va, VM_FAULT_WIRE, access_type);
1834 		if (rv) {
1835 			if (va != start) {
1836 				uvm_fault_unwire(map, start, va);
1837 			}
1838 			return (rv);
1839 		}
1840 	}
1841 
1842 	return (KERN_SUCCESS);
1843 }
1844 
1845 /*
1846  * uvm_fault_unwire(): unwire range of virtual space.
1847  */
1848 
1849 void
1850 uvm_fault_unwire(map, start, end)
1851 	vm_map_t map;
1852 	vaddr_t start, end;
1853 {
1854 
1855 	vm_map_lock_read(map);
1856 	uvm_fault_unwire_locked(map, start, end);
1857 	vm_map_unlock_read(map);
1858 }
1859 
1860 /*
1861  * uvm_fault_unwire_locked(): the guts of uvm_fault_unwire().
1862  *
1863  * => map must be at least read-locked.
1864  */
1865 
1866 void
1867 uvm_fault_unwire_locked(map, start, end)
1868 	vm_map_t map;
1869 	vaddr_t start, end;
1870 {
1871 	vm_map_entry_t entry;
1872 	pmap_t pmap = vm_map_pmap(map);
1873 	vaddr_t va;
1874 	paddr_t pa;
1875 	struct vm_page *pg;
1876 
1877 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1878 	if (map->flags & VM_MAP_INTRSAFE)
1879 		panic("uvm_fault_unwire_locked: intrsafe map");
1880 #endif
1881 
1882 	/*
1883 	 * we assume that the area we are unwiring has actually been wired
1884 	 * in the first place.   this means that we should be able to extract
1885 	 * the PAs from the pmap.   we also lock out the page daemon so that
1886 	 * we can call uvm_pageunwire.
1887 	 */
1888 
1889 	uvm_lock_pageq();
1890 
1891 	/*
1892 	 * find the beginning map entry for the region.
1893 	 */
1894 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1895 	if (start < vm_map_min(map) || end > vm_map_max(map))
1896 		panic("uvm_fault_unwire_locked: address out of range");
1897 #endif
1898 	if (uvm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry) == FALSE)
1899 		panic("uvm_fault_unwire_locked: address not in map");
1900 
1901 	for (va = start; va < end ; va += PAGE_SIZE) {
1902 		if (pmap_extract(pmap, va, &pa) == FALSE)
1903 			panic("uvm_fault_unwire_locked: unwiring "
1904 			    "non-wired memory");
1905 
1906 		/*
1907 		 * make sure the current entry is for the address we're
1908 		 * dealing with.  if not, grab the next entry.
1909 		 */
1910 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1911 		if (va < entry->start)
1912 			panic("uvm_fault_unwire_locked: hole 1");
1913 #endif
1914 		if (va >= entry->end) {
1915 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1916 			if (entry->next == &map->header ||
1917 			    entry->next->start > entry->end)
1918 				panic("uvm_fault_unwire_locked: hole 2");
1919 #endif
1920 			entry = entry->next;
1921 		}
1922 
1923 		/*
1924 		 * if the entry is no longer wired, tell the pmap.
1925 		 */
1926 		if (VM_MAPENT_ISWIRED(entry) == 0)
1927 			pmap_unwire(pmap, va);
1928 
1929 		pg = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pa);
1930 		if (pg)
1931 			uvm_pageunwire(pg);
1932 	}
1933 
1934 	uvm_unlock_pageq();
1935 }
1936