1 /* $OpenBSD: init_main.c,v 1.158 2009/03/05 19:52:24 kettenis Exp $ */ 2 /* $NetBSD: init_main.c,v 1.84.4.1 1996/06/02 09:08:06 mrg Exp $ */ 3 4 /* 5 * Copyright (c) 1995 Christopher G. Demetriou. All rights reserved. 6 * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993 7 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 8 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. 9 * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed 10 * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph 11 * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with 12 * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 * 38 * @(#)init_main.c 8.9 (Berkeley) 1/21/94 39 */ 40 41 #include <sys/param.h> 42 #include <sys/core.h> 43 #include <sys/filedesc.h> 44 #include <sys/file.h> 45 #include <sys/errno.h> 46 #include <sys/exec.h> 47 #include <sys/kernel.h> 48 #include <sys/kthread.h> 49 #include <sys/mount.h> 50 #include <sys/proc.h> 51 #include <sys/resourcevar.h> 52 #include <sys/signalvar.h> 53 #include <sys/systm.h> 54 #include <sys/namei.h> 55 #include <sys/vnode.h> 56 #include <sys/tty.h> 57 #include <sys/conf.h> 58 #include <sys/buf.h> 59 #include <sys/device.h> 60 #include <sys/socketvar.h> 61 #include <sys/lockf.h> 62 #include <sys/protosw.h> 63 #include <sys/reboot.h> 64 #include <sys/user.h> 65 #ifdef SYSVSHM 66 #include <sys/shm.h> 67 #endif 68 #ifdef SYSVSEM 69 #include <sys/sem.h> 70 #endif 71 #ifdef SYSVMSG 72 #include <sys/msg.h> 73 #endif 74 #include <sys/domain.h> 75 #include <sys/mbuf.h> 76 #include <sys/pipe.h> 77 #include <sys/workq.h> 78 79 #include <sys/syscall.h> 80 #include <sys/syscallargs.h> 81 82 #include <dev/rndvar.h> 83 84 #include <ufs/ufs/quota.h> 85 86 #include <machine/cpu.h> 87 88 #include <uvm/uvm.h> 89 90 #include <net/if.h> 91 #include <net/raw_cb.h> 92 93 #if defined(CRYPTO) 94 #include <crypto/cryptodev.h> 95 #include <crypto/cryptosoft.h> 96 #endif 97 98 #if defined(NFSSERVER) || defined(NFSCLIENT) 99 extern void nfs_init(void); 100 #endif 101 102 #include "vscsi.h" 103 #include "softraid.h" 104 105 const char copyright[] = 106 "Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993\n" 107 "\tThe Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n" 108 "Copyright (c) 1995-2009 OpenBSD. All rights reserved. http://www.OpenBSD.org\n"; 109 110 /* Components of the first process -- never freed. */ 111 struct session session0; 112 struct pgrp pgrp0; 113 struct proc proc0; 114 struct process process0; 115 struct pcred cred0; 116 struct plimit limit0; 117 struct vmspace vmspace0; 118 struct sigacts sigacts0; 119 struct proc *initproc; 120 121 int cmask = CMASK; 122 extern struct user *proc0paddr; 123 124 struct vnode *rootvp, *swapdev_vp; 125 int boothowto; 126 struct timeval boottime; 127 int ncpus = 1; 128 __volatile int start_init_exec; /* semaphore for start_init() */ 129 130 #if !defined(NO_PROPOLICE) 131 long __guard[8]; 132 #endif 133 134 /* XXX return int so gcc -Werror won't complain */ 135 int main(void *); 136 void check_console(struct proc *); 137 void start_init(void *); 138 void start_cleaner(void *); 139 void start_update(void *); 140 void start_reaper(void *); 141 void init_crypto(void); 142 void init_exec(void); 143 void kqueue_init(void); 144 void workq_init(void); 145 146 extern char sigcode[], esigcode[]; 147 #ifdef SYSCALL_DEBUG 148 extern char *syscallnames[]; 149 #endif 150 151 struct emul emul_native = { 152 "native", 153 NULL, 154 sendsig, 155 SYS_syscall, 156 SYS_MAXSYSCALL, 157 sysent, 158 #ifdef SYSCALL_DEBUG 159 syscallnames, 160 #else 161 NULL, 162 #endif 163 0, 164 copyargs, 165 setregs, 166 NULL, 167 coredump_trad, 168 sigcode, 169 esigcode, 170 EMUL_ENABLED | EMUL_NATIVE, 171 }; 172 173 174 /* 175 * System startup; initialize the world, create process 0, mount root 176 * filesystem, and fork to create init and pagedaemon. Most of the 177 * hard work is done in the lower-level initialization routines including 178 * startup(), which does memory initialization and autoconfiguration. 179 */ 180 /* XXX return int, so gcc -Werror won't complain */ 181 int 182 main(void *framep) 183 { 184 struct proc *p; 185 struct pdevinit *pdev; 186 struct timeval rtv; 187 quad_t lim; 188 int s, i; 189 extern struct pdevinit pdevinit[]; 190 extern void scheduler_start(void); 191 extern void disk_init(void); 192 extern void endtsleep(void *); 193 extern void realitexpire(void *); 194 195 /* 196 * Initialize the current process pointer (curproc) before 197 * any possible traps/probes to simplify trap processing. 198 */ 199 curproc = p = &proc0; 200 p->p_cpu = curcpu(); 201 202 /* 203 * Initialize timeouts. 204 */ 205 timeout_startup(); 206 207 /* 208 * Attempt to find console and initialize 209 * in case of early panic or other messages. 210 */ 211 config_init(); /* init autoconfiguration data structures */ 212 consinit(); 213 214 printf("%s\n", copyright); 215 216 KERNEL_LOCK_INIT(); 217 218 uvm_init(); 219 disk_init(); /* must come before autoconfiguration */ 220 tty_init(); /* initialise tty's */ 221 cpu_startup(); 222 223 /* 224 * Initialize mbuf's. Do this now because we might attempt to 225 * allocate mbufs or mbuf clusters during autoconfiguration. 226 */ 227 mbinit(); 228 229 /* Initialize sockets. */ 230 soinit(); 231 232 /* 233 * Initialize process and pgrp structures. 234 */ 235 procinit(); 236 237 /* Initialize file locking. */ 238 lf_init(); 239 240 /* 241 * Initialize filedescriptors. 242 */ 243 filedesc_init(); 244 245 /* 246 * Initialize pipes. 247 */ 248 pipe_init(); 249 250 /* 251 * Initialize kqueues. 252 */ 253 kqueue_init(); 254 255 /* 256 * Create process 0 (the swapper). 257 */ 258 259 process0.ps_mainproc = p; 260 TAILQ_INIT(&process0.ps_threads); 261 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&process0.ps_threads, p, p_thr_link); 262 process0.ps_refcnt = 1; 263 p->p_p = &process0; 264 265 LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p, p_list); 266 p->p_pgrp = &pgrp0; 267 LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(0), p, p_hash); 268 LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PGRPHASH(0), &pgrp0, pg_hash); 269 LIST_INIT(&pgrp0.pg_members); 270 LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pgrp0.pg_members, p, p_pglist); 271 272 pgrp0.pg_session = &session0; 273 session0.s_count = 1; 274 session0.s_leader = p; 275 276 atomic_setbits_int(&p->p_flag, P_SYSTEM | P_NOCLDWAIT); 277 p->p_stat = SONPROC; 278 p->p_nice = NZERO; 279 p->p_emul = &emul_native; 280 bcopy("swapper", p->p_comm, sizeof ("swapper")); 281 282 /* Init timeouts. */ 283 timeout_set(&p->p_sleep_to, endtsleep, p); 284 timeout_set(&p->p_realit_to, realitexpire, p); 285 286 /* Create credentials. */ 287 cred0.p_refcnt = 1; 288 p->p_cred = &cred0; 289 p->p_ucred = crget(); 290 p->p_ucred->cr_ngroups = 1; /* group 0 */ 291 292 /* Initialize signal state for process 0. */ 293 signal_init(); 294 p->p_sigacts = &sigacts0; 295 siginit(p); 296 297 /* Create the file descriptor table. */ 298 p->p_fd = fdinit(NULL); 299 300 /* Create the limits structures. */ 301 p->p_p->ps_limit = &limit0; 302 for (i = 0; i < nitems(p->p_rlimit); i++) 303 limit0.pl_rlimit[i].rlim_cur = 304 limit0.pl_rlimit[i].rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY; 305 limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur = NOFILE; 306 limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_max = MIN(NOFILE_MAX, 307 (maxfiles - NOFILE > NOFILE) ? maxfiles - NOFILE : NOFILE); 308 limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur = MAXUPRC; 309 lim = ptoa(uvmexp.free); 310 limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_max = lim; 311 limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_max = lim; 312 limit0.pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_cur = lim / 3; 313 limit0.p_refcnt = 1; 314 315 /* Allocate a prototype map so we have something to fork. */ 316 uvmspace_init(&vmspace0, pmap_kernel(), round_page(VM_MIN_ADDRESS), 317 trunc_page(VM_MAX_ADDRESS), TRUE, TRUE); 318 p->p_vmspace = &vmspace0; 319 320 p->p_addr = proc0paddr; /* XXX */ 321 322 /* 323 * We continue to place resource usage info in the 324 * user struct so they're pageable. 325 */ 326 p->p_stats = &p->p_addr->u_stats; 327 328 /* 329 * Charge root for one process. 330 */ 331 (void)chgproccnt(0, 1); 332 333 /* Initialize run queues */ 334 sched_init_runqueues(); 335 sleep_queue_init(); 336 sched_init_cpu(curcpu()); 337 338 /* Initialize work queues */ 339 workq_init(); 340 341 /* Configure the devices */ 342 cpu_configure(); 343 344 /* Configure virtual memory system, set vm rlimits. */ 345 uvm_init_limits(p); 346 347 /* Initialize the file systems. */ 348 #if defined(NFSSERVER) || defined(NFSCLIENT) 349 nfs_init(); /* initialize server/shared data */ 350 #endif 351 vfsinit(); 352 353 /* Start real time and statistics clocks. */ 354 initclocks(); 355 356 /* Lock the kernel on behalf of proc0. */ 357 KERNEL_PROC_LOCK(p); 358 359 #ifdef SYSVSHM 360 /* Initialize System V style shared memory. */ 361 shminit(); 362 #endif 363 364 #ifdef SYSVSEM 365 /* Initialize System V style semaphores. */ 366 seminit(); 367 #endif 368 369 #ifdef SYSVMSG 370 /* Initialize System V style message queues. */ 371 msginit(); 372 #endif 373 374 /* Attach pseudo-devices. */ 375 randomattach(); 376 for (pdev = pdevinit; pdev->pdev_attach != NULL; pdev++) 377 if (pdev->pdev_count > 0) 378 (*pdev->pdev_attach)(pdev->pdev_count); 379 380 #ifdef CRYPTO 381 swcr_init(); 382 #endif /* CRYPTO */ 383 384 /* 385 * Initialize protocols. Block reception of incoming packets 386 * until everything is ready. 387 */ 388 s = splnet(); 389 ifinit(); 390 domaininit(); 391 if_attachdomain(); 392 splx(s); 393 394 #ifdef GPROF 395 /* Initialize kernel profiling. */ 396 kmstartup(); 397 #endif 398 399 #if !defined(NO_PROPOLICE) 400 { 401 volatile long newguard[8]; 402 403 arc4random_buf((long *)newguard, sizeof(newguard)); 404 405 for (i = nitems(__guard) - 1; i; i--) 406 __guard[i] = newguard[i]; 407 } 408 #endif 409 410 /* init exec and emul */ 411 init_exec(); 412 413 /* Start the scheduler */ 414 scheduler_start(); 415 416 /* 417 * Create process 1 (init(8)). We do this now, as Unix has 418 * historically had init be process 1, and changing this would 419 * probably upset a lot of people. 420 * 421 * Note that process 1 won't immediately exec init(8), but will 422 * wait for us to inform it that the root file system has been 423 * mounted. 424 */ 425 if (fork1(p, SIGCHLD, FORK_FORK, NULL, 0, start_init, NULL, NULL, 426 &initproc)) 427 panic("fork init"); 428 429 /* 430 * Create any kernel threads whose creation was deferred because 431 * initproc had not yet been created. 432 */ 433 kthread_run_deferred_queue(); 434 435 /* 436 * Now that device driver threads have been created, wait for 437 * them to finish any deferred autoconfiguration. Note we don't 438 * need to lock this semaphore, since we haven't booted any 439 * secondary processors, yet. 440 */ 441 while (config_pending) 442 (void) tsleep((void *)&config_pending, PWAIT, "cfpend", 0); 443 444 dostartuphooks(); 445 446 #if NVSCSI > 0 447 config_rootfound("vscsi", NULL); 448 #endif 449 #if NSOFTRAID > 0 450 config_rootfound("softraid", NULL); 451 #endif 452 453 /* Configure root/swap devices */ 454 diskconf(); 455 456 if (mountroot == NULL || ((*mountroot)() != 0)) 457 panic("cannot mount root"); 458 459 CIRCLEQ_FIRST(&mountlist)->mnt_flag |= MNT_ROOTFS; 460 461 /* Get the vnode for '/'. Set p->p_fd->fd_cdir to reference it. */ 462 if (VFS_ROOT(CIRCLEQ_FIRST(&mountlist), &rootvnode)) 463 panic("cannot find root vnode"); 464 p->p_fd->fd_cdir = rootvnode; 465 VREF(p->p_fd->fd_cdir); 466 VOP_UNLOCK(rootvnode, 0, p); 467 p->p_fd->fd_rdir = NULL; 468 469 /* 470 * Now that root is mounted, we can fixup initproc's CWD 471 * info. All other processes are kthreads, which merely 472 * share proc0's CWD info. 473 */ 474 initproc->p_fd->fd_cdir = rootvnode; 475 VREF(initproc->p_fd->fd_cdir); 476 initproc->p_fd->fd_rdir = NULL; 477 478 /* 479 * Now can look at time, having had a chance to verify the time 480 * from the file system. Reset p->p_rtime as it may have been 481 * munched in mi_switch() after the time got set. 482 */ 483 #ifdef __HAVE_TIMECOUNTER 484 microtime(&boottime); 485 #else 486 boottime = mono_time = time; 487 #endif 488 LIST_FOREACH(p, &allproc, p_list) { 489 p->p_stats->p_start = boottime; 490 microuptime(&p->p_cpu->ci_schedstate.spc_runtime); 491 p->p_rtime.tv_sec = p->p_rtime.tv_usec = 0; 492 } 493 494 uvm_swap_init(); 495 496 /* Create the pageout daemon kernel thread. */ 497 if (kthread_create(uvm_pageout, NULL, NULL, "pagedaemon")) 498 panic("fork pagedaemon"); 499 500 /* Create the reaper daemon kernel thread. */ 501 if (kthread_create(start_reaper, NULL, NULL, "reaper")) 502 panic("fork reaper"); 503 504 /* Create the cleaner daemon kernel thread. */ 505 if (kthread_create(start_cleaner, NULL, NULL, "cleaner")) 506 panic("fork cleaner"); 507 508 /* Create the update daemon kernel thread. */ 509 if (kthread_create(start_update, NULL, NULL, "update")) 510 panic("fork update"); 511 512 /* Create the aiodone daemon kernel thread. */ 513 if (kthread_create(uvm_aiodone_daemon, NULL, NULL, "aiodoned")) 514 panic("fork aiodoned"); 515 516 #ifdef CRYPTO 517 /* Create the crypto kernel thread. */ 518 init_crypto(); 519 #endif /* CRYPTO */ 520 521 microtime(&rtv); 522 srandom((u_int32_t)(rtv.tv_sec ^ rtv.tv_usec) ^ arc4random()); 523 524 randompid = 1; 525 526 #if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR) 527 /* Boot the secondary processors. */ 528 cpu_boot_secondary_processors(); 529 #endif 530 531 domountroothooks(); 532 533 /* 534 * Okay, now we can let init(8) exec! It's off to userland! 535 */ 536 start_init_exec = 1; 537 wakeup((void *)&start_init_exec); 538 539 /* The scheduler is an infinite loop. */ 540 uvm_scheduler(); 541 /* NOTREACHED */ 542 } 543 544 /* 545 * List of paths to try when searching for "init". 546 */ 547 static char *initpaths[] = { 548 "/sbin/init", 549 "/sbin/oinit", 550 "/sbin/init.bak", 551 NULL, 552 }; 553 554 void 555 check_console(struct proc *p) 556 { 557 struct nameidata nd; 558 int error; 559 560 NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, FOLLOW, UIO_SYSSPACE, "/dev/console", p); 561 error = namei(&nd); 562 if (error) { 563 if (error == ENOENT) 564 printf("warning: /dev/console does not exist\n"); 565 else 566 printf("warning: /dev/console error %d\n", error); 567 } else 568 vrele(nd.ni_vp); 569 } 570 571 /* 572 * Start the initial user process; try exec'ing each pathname in "initpaths". 573 * The program is invoked with one argument containing the boot flags. 574 */ 575 void 576 start_init(void *arg) 577 { 578 struct proc *p = arg; 579 vaddr_t addr; 580 struct sys_execve_args /* { 581 syscallarg(const char *) path; 582 syscallarg(char *const *) argp; 583 syscallarg(char *const *) envp; 584 } */ args; 585 int options, error; 586 long i; 587 register_t retval[2]; 588 char flags[4], *flagsp; 589 char **pathp, *path, *ucp, **uap, *arg0, *arg1 = NULL; 590 591 /* 592 * Now in process 1. 593 */ 594 595 /* 596 * Wait for main() to tell us that it's safe to exec. 597 */ 598 while (start_init_exec == 0) 599 (void) tsleep((void *)&start_init_exec, PWAIT, "initexec", 0); 600 601 check_console(p); 602 603 /* 604 * Need just enough stack to hold the faked-up "execve()" arguments. 605 */ 606 #ifdef MACHINE_STACK_GROWS_UP 607 addr = USRSTACK; 608 #else 609 addr = USRSTACK - PAGE_SIZE; 610 #endif 611 if (uvm_map(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, &addr, PAGE_SIZE, 612 NULL, UVM_UNKNOWN_OFFSET, 0, 613 UVM_MAPFLAG(UVM_PROT_RW, UVM_PROT_ALL, UVM_INH_COPY, 614 UVM_ADV_NORMAL, UVM_FLAG_FIXED|UVM_FLAG_OVERLAY|UVM_FLAG_COPYONW))) 615 panic("init: couldn't allocate argument space"); 616 p->p_vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (caddr_t)addr; 617 618 for (pathp = &initpaths[0]; (path = *pathp) != NULL; pathp++) { 619 #ifdef MACHINE_STACK_GROWS_UP 620 ucp = (char *)addr; 621 #else 622 ucp = (char *)(addr + PAGE_SIZE); 623 #endif 624 /* 625 * Construct the boot flag argument. 626 */ 627 flagsp = flags; 628 *flagsp++ = '-'; 629 options = 0; 630 631 if (boothowto & RB_SINGLE) { 632 *flagsp++ = 's'; 633 options = 1; 634 } 635 #ifdef notyet 636 if (boothowto & RB_FASTBOOT) { 637 *flagsp++ = 'f'; 638 options = 1; 639 } 640 #endif 641 642 /* 643 * Move out the flags (arg 1), if necessary. 644 */ 645 if (options != 0) { 646 *flagsp++ = '\0'; 647 i = flagsp - flags; 648 #ifdef DEBUG 649 printf("init: copying out flags `%s' %d\n", flags, i); 650 #endif 651 #ifdef MACHINE_STACK_GROWS_UP 652 arg1 = ucp; 653 (void)copyout((caddr_t)flags, (caddr_t)ucp, i); 654 ucp += i; 655 #else 656 (void)copyout((caddr_t)flags, (caddr_t)(ucp -= i), i); 657 arg1 = ucp; 658 #endif 659 } 660 661 /* 662 * Move out the file name (also arg 0). 663 */ 664 i = strlen(path) + 1; 665 #ifdef DEBUG 666 printf("init: copying out path `%s' %d\n", path, i); 667 #endif 668 #ifdef MACHINE_STACK_GROWS_UP 669 arg0 = ucp; 670 (void)copyout((caddr_t)path, (caddr_t)ucp, i); 671 ucp += i; 672 ucp = (caddr_t)ALIGN((u_long)ucp); 673 uap = (char **)ucp + 3; 674 #else 675 (void)copyout((caddr_t)path, (caddr_t)(ucp -= i), i); 676 arg0 = ucp; 677 uap = (char **)((u_long)ucp & ~ALIGNBYTES); 678 #endif 679 680 /* 681 * Move out the arg pointers. 682 */ 683 i = 0; 684 copyout(&i, (caddr_t)--uap, sizeof(register_t)); /* terminator */ 685 if (options != 0) 686 copyout(&arg1, (caddr_t)--uap, sizeof(register_t)); 687 copyout(&arg0, (caddr_t)--uap, sizeof(register_t)); 688 689 /* 690 * Point at the arguments. 691 */ 692 SCARG(&args, path) = arg0; 693 SCARG(&args, argp) = uap; 694 SCARG(&args, envp) = NULL; 695 696 /* 697 * Now try to exec the program. If can't for any reason 698 * other than it doesn't exist, complain. 699 */ 700 if ((error = sys_execve(p, &args, retval)) == 0) { 701 KERNEL_PROC_UNLOCK(p); 702 return; 703 } 704 if (error != ENOENT) 705 printf("exec %s: error %d\n", path, error); 706 } 707 printf("init: not found\n"); 708 panic("no init"); 709 } 710 711 void 712 start_update(void *arg) 713 { 714 sched_sync(curproc); 715 /* NOTREACHED */ 716 } 717 718 void 719 start_cleaner(void *arg) 720 { 721 buf_daemon(curproc); 722 /* NOTREACHED */ 723 } 724 725 void 726 start_reaper(void *arg) 727 { 728 reaper(); 729 /* NOTREACHED */ 730 } 731