xref: /openbsd-src/sys/kern/init_main.c (revision 097a140d792de8b2bbe59ad827d39eabf9b4280a)
1 /*	$OpenBSD: init_main.c,v 1.306 2021/02/08 10:51:01 mpi Exp $	*/
2 /*	$NetBSD: init_main.c,v 1.84.4.1 1996/06/02 09:08:06 mrg Exp $	*/
3 
4 /*
5  * Copyright (c) 1995 Christopher G. Demetriou.  All rights reserved.
6  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
7  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
8  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
9  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
10  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
11  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
12  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
13  *
14  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
15  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
16  * are met:
17  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
19  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
20  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
21  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
22  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
23  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
24  *    without specific prior written permission.
25  *
26  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
27  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
28  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
29  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
30  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
31  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
32  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
33  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36  * SUCH DAMAGE.
37  *
38  *	@(#)init_main.c	8.9 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
39  */
40 
41 #include <sys/param.h>
42 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
43 #include <sys/file.h>
44 #include <sys/errno.h>
45 #include <sys/exec.h>
46 #include <sys/kernel.h>
47 #include <sys/kthread.h>
48 #include <sys/mount.h>
49 #include <sys/proc.h>
50 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
51 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
52 #include <sys/systm.h>
53 #include <sys/namei.h>
54 #include <sys/vnode.h>
55 #include <sys/tty.h>
56 #include <sys/conf.h>
57 #include <sys/buf.h>
58 #include <sys/device.h>
59 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
60 #include <sys/lockf.h>
61 #include <sys/protosw.h>
62 #include <sys/reboot.h>
63 #include <sys/user.h>
64 #ifdef SYSVSHM
65 #include <sys/shm.h>
66 #endif
67 #ifdef SYSVSEM
68 #include <sys/sem.h>
69 #endif
70 #ifdef SYSVMSG
71 #include <sys/msg.h>
72 #endif
73 #include <sys/domain.h>
74 #include <sys/msgbuf.h>
75 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
76 #include <sys/pipe.h>
77 #include <sys/task.h>
78 #include <sys/witness.h>
79 #include <sys/smr.h>
80 
81 #include <sys/syscall.h>
82 #include <sys/syscallargs.h>
83 
84 #include <uvm/uvm_extern.h>
85 
86 #include <ufs/ufs/quota.h>
87 
88 #include <net/if.h>
89 #include <net/rtable.h>
90 #include <net/netisr.h>
91 
92 #if defined(CRYPTO)
93 #include <crypto/cryptodev.h>
94 #include <crypto/cryptosoft.h>
95 #endif
96 
97 #if defined(KUBSAN)
98 extern void kubsan_init(void);
99 #endif
100 
101 #if defined(NFSSERVER) || defined(NFSCLIENT)
102 extern void nfs_init(void);
103 #endif
104 
105 #include "stoeplitz.h"
106 #if NSTOEPLITZ > 0
107 extern void stoeplitz_init(void);
108 #endif
109 
110 #include "mpath.h"
111 #include "vscsi.h"
112 #include "softraid.h"
113 
114 const char	copyright[] =
115 "Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993\n"
116 "\tThe Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n"
117 "Copyright (c) 1995-2021 OpenBSD. All rights reserved.  https://www.OpenBSD.org\n";
118 
119 /* Components of the first process -- never freed. */
120 struct	session session0;
121 struct	pgrp pgrp0;
122 struct	proc proc0;
123 struct	process process0;
124 struct	plimit limit0;
125 struct	vmspace vmspace0;
126 struct	sigacts sigacts0;
127 struct	process *initprocess;
128 struct	proc *reaperproc;
129 
130 extern	struct user *proc0paddr;
131 
132 struct	vnode *rootvp, *swapdev_vp;
133 int	boothowto;
134 int	db_active = 0;
135 int	ncpus =  1;
136 int	ncpusfound = 1;			/* number of cpus we find */
137 volatile int start_init_exec;		/* semaphore for start_init() */
138 
139 #if !defined(NO_PROPOLICE)
140 long	__guard_local __attribute__((section(".openbsd.randomdata")));
141 #endif
142 
143 /* XXX return int so gcc -Werror won't complain */
144 int	main(void *);
145 void	check_console(struct proc *);
146 void	start_init(void *);
147 void	crypto_init(void);
148 void	db_ctf_init(void);
149 void	prof_init(void);
150 void	init_exec(void);
151 void	kqueue_init(void);
152 void	futex_init(void);
153 void	taskq_init(void);
154 void	timeout_proc_init(void);
155 void	pool_gc_pages(void *);
156 void	percpu_init(void);
157 
158 extern char sigcode[], esigcode[], sigcoderet[];
159 #ifdef SYSCALL_DEBUG
160 extern char *syscallnames[];
161 #endif
162 
163 struct emul emul_native = {
164 	"native",
165 	NULL,
166 	SYS_syscall,
167 	SYS_MAXSYSCALL,
168 	sysent,
169 #ifdef SYSCALL_DEBUG
170 	syscallnames,
171 #else
172 	NULL,
173 #endif
174 	0,
175 	copyargs,
176 	setregs,
177 	NULL,		/* fixup */
178 	NULL,		/* coredump */
179 	sigcode,
180 	esigcode,
181 	sigcoderet
182 };
183 
184 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
185 int pdevinit_done = 0;
186 #endif
187 
188 /*
189  * System startup; initialize the world, create process 0, mount root
190  * filesystem, and fork to create init and pagedaemon.  Most of the
191  * hard work is done in the lower-level initialization routines including
192  * startup(), which does memory initialization and autoconfiguration.
193  */
194 /* XXX return int, so gcc -Werror won't complain */
195 int
196 main(void *framep)
197 {
198 	struct proc *p;
199 	struct process *pr;
200 	struct pdevinit *pdev;
201 	extern struct pdevinit pdevinit[];
202 	extern void disk_init(void);
203 
204 	/*
205 	 * Initialize the current process pointer (curproc) before
206 	 * any possible traps/probes to simplify trap processing.
207 	 */
208 	curproc = p = &proc0;
209 	p->p_cpu = curcpu();
210 
211 	/*
212 	 * Initialize timeouts.
213 	 */
214 	timeout_startup();
215 
216 	/*
217 	 * Attempt to find console and initialize
218 	 * in case of early panic or other messages.
219 	 */
220 	config_init();		/* init autoconfiguration data structures */
221 	consinit();
222 
223 	printf("%s\n", copyright);
224 
225 #ifdef KUBSAN
226 	/* Initialize kubsan. */
227 	kubsan_init();
228 #endif
229 
230 	WITNESS_INITIALIZE();
231 
232 	KERNEL_LOCK_INIT();
233 	SCHED_LOCK_INIT();
234 
235 	rw_obj_init();
236 	uvm_init();
237 	disk_init();		/* must come before autoconfiguration */
238 	tty_init();		/* initialise tty's */
239 	cpu_startup();
240 
241 	random_start(boothowto & RB_GOODRANDOM);	/* Start the flow */
242 
243 	/*
244 	 * Initialize mbuf's.  Do this now because we might attempt to
245 	 * allocate mbufs or mbuf clusters during autoconfiguration.
246 	 */
247 	mbinit();
248 
249 #if NSTOEPLITZ > 0
250 	stoeplitz_init();
251 #endif
252 
253 	/* Initialize sockets. */
254 	soinit();
255 
256 	/* Initialize SRP subsystem. */
257 	srp_startup();
258 
259 	/* Initialize SMR subsystem. */
260 	smr_startup();
261 
262 	/*
263 	 * Initialize process and pgrp structures.
264 	 */
265 	procinit();
266 
267 	/* Initialize file locking. */
268 	lf_init();
269 
270 	/*
271 	 * Initialize filedescriptors.
272 	 */
273 	filedesc_init();
274 
275 	/*
276 	 * Initialize pipes.
277 	 */
278 	pipe_init();
279 
280 	/*
281 	 * Initialize kqueues.
282 	 */
283 	kqueue_init();
284 
285 	/*
286 	 * Initialize futexes.
287 	 */
288 	futex_init();
289 
290 	/* Create credentials. */
291 	p->p_ucred = crget();
292 	p->p_ucred->cr_ngroups = 1;	/* group 0 */
293 
294 	/*
295 	 * Create process 0 (the swapper).
296 	 */
297 	pr = &process0;
298 	process_initialize(pr, p);
299 
300 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allprocess, pr, ps_list);
301 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(0), pr, ps_hash);
302 	atomic_setbits_int(&pr->ps_flags, PS_SYSTEM);
303 
304 	/* Set the default routing table/domain. */
305 	process0.ps_rtableid = 0;
306 
307 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p, p_list);
308 	pr->ps_pgrp = &pgrp0;
309 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(TIDHASH(0), p, p_hash);
310 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PGRPHASH(0), &pgrp0, pg_hash);
311 	LIST_INIT(&pgrp0.pg_members);
312 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pgrp0.pg_members, pr, ps_pglist);
313 
314 	pgrp0.pg_session = &session0;
315 	session0.s_count = 1;
316 	session0.s_leader = pr;
317 
318 	atomic_setbits_int(&p->p_flag, P_SYSTEM);
319 	p->p_stat = SONPROC;
320 	pr->ps_nice = NZERO;
321 	pr->ps_emul = &emul_native;
322 	strlcpy(pr->ps_comm, "swapper", sizeof(pr->ps_comm));
323 
324 	/* Init timeouts. */
325 	timeout_set(&p->p_sleep_to, endtsleep, p);
326 
327 	/* Initialize signal state for process 0. */
328 	signal_init();
329 	siginit(&sigacts0);
330 	pr->ps_sigacts = &sigacts0;
331 
332 	/* Create the file descriptor table. */
333 	p->p_fd = pr->ps_fd = fdinit();
334 
335 	/* Create the limits structures. */
336 	lim_startup(&limit0);
337 	pr->ps_limit = &limit0;
338 
339 	/* Allocate a prototype map so we have something to fork. */
340 	uvmspace_init(&vmspace0, pmap_kernel(), round_page(VM_MIN_ADDRESS),
341 	    trunc_page(VM_MAX_ADDRESS), TRUE, TRUE);
342 	p->p_vmspace = pr->ps_vmspace = &vmspace0;
343 
344 	p->p_addr = proc0paddr;				/* XXX */
345 
346 	/*
347 	 * Charge root for one process.
348 	 */
349 	(void)chgproccnt(0, 1);
350 
351 	/* Initialize run queues */
352 	sched_init_runqueues();
353 	sleep_queue_init();
354 	sched_init_cpu(curcpu());
355 	p->p_cpu->ci_randseed = (arc4random() & 0x7fffffff) + 1;
356 
357 	/* Initialize timeouts in process context. */
358 	timeout_proc_init();
359 
360 	/* Initialize task queues */
361 	taskq_init();
362 
363 	/* Initialize the interface/address trees */
364 	ifinit();
365 
366 	/* Lock the kernel on behalf of proc0. */
367 	KERNEL_LOCK();
368 
369 #if NMPATH > 0
370 	/* Attach mpath before hardware */
371 	config_rootfound("mpath", NULL);
372 #endif
373 
374 	/* Configure the devices */
375 	cpu_configure();
376 
377 	/* Configure virtual memory system, set vm rlimits. */
378 	uvm_init_limits(&limit0);
379 
380 	/* Per CPU memory allocation */
381 	percpu_init();
382 
383 	/* Initialize the file systems. */
384 #if defined(NFSSERVER) || defined(NFSCLIENT)
385 	nfs_init();			/* initialize server/shared data */
386 #endif
387 	vfsinit();
388 
389 	/* Start real time and statistics clocks. */
390 	initclocks();
391 
392 #ifdef SYSVSHM
393 	/* Initialize System V style shared memory. */
394 	shminit();
395 #endif
396 
397 #ifdef SYSVSEM
398 	/* Initialize System V style semaphores. */
399 	seminit();
400 #endif
401 
402 #ifdef SYSVMSG
403 	/* Initialize System V style message queues. */
404 	msginit();
405 #endif
406 
407 	/* Create default routing table before attaching lo0. */
408 	rtable_init();
409 
410 	/* Attach pseudo-devices. */
411 	for (pdev = pdevinit; pdev->pdev_attach != NULL; pdev++)
412 		if (pdev->pdev_count > 0)
413 			(*pdev->pdev_attach)(pdev->pdev_count);
414 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
415 	pdevinit_done = 1;
416 #endif
417 
418 #ifdef CRYPTO
419 	crypto_init();
420 	swcr_init();
421 #endif /* CRYPTO */
422 
423 	/*
424 	 * Initialize protocols.
425 	 */
426 	domaininit();
427 
428 	initconsbuf();
429 
430 #if defined(GPROF) || defined(DDBPROF)
431 	/* Initialize kernel profiling. */
432 	prof_init();
433 #endif
434 
435 	mbcpuinit();	/* enable per cpu mbuf data */
436 	uvm_init_percpu();
437 
438 	/* init exec and emul */
439 	init_exec();
440 
441 	/* Start the scheduler */
442 	scheduler_start();
443 
444 	/*
445 	 * Create process 1 (init(8)).  We do this now, as Unix has
446 	 * historically had init be process 1, and changing this would
447 	 * probably upset a lot of people.
448 	 *
449 	 * Note that process 1 won't immediately exec init(8), but will
450 	 * wait for us to inform it that the root file system has been
451 	 * mounted.
452 	 */
453 	{
454 		struct proc *initproc;
455 
456 		if (fork1(p, FORK_FORK, start_init, NULL, NULL, &initproc))
457 			panic("fork init");
458 		initprocess = initproc->p_p;
459 	}
460 
461 	randompid = 1;
462 
463 	/*
464 	 * Create any kernel threads whose creation was deferred because
465 	 * initprocess had not yet been created.
466 	 */
467 	kthread_run_deferred_queue();
468 
469 	/*
470 	 * Now that device driver threads have been created, wait for
471 	 * them to finish any deferred autoconfiguration.  Note we don't
472 	 * need to lock this semaphore, since we haven't booted any
473 	 * secondary processors, yet.
474 	 */
475 	while (config_pending)
476 		tsleep_nsec(&config_pending, PWAIT, "cfpend", INFSLP);
477 
478 	dostartuphooks();
479 
480 #if NVSCSI > 0
481 	config_rootfound("vscsi", NULL);
482 #endif
483 #if NSOFTRAID > 0
484 	config_rootfound("softraid", NULL);
485 #endif
486 
487 	/* Configure root/swap devices */
488 	diskconf();
489 
490 #ifdef DDB
491 	/* Make debug symbols available in ddb. */
492 	db_ctf_init();
493 #endif
494 
495 	if (mountroot == NULL || ((*mountroot)() != 0))
496 		panic("cannot mount root");
497 
498 	TAILQ_FIRST(&mountlist)->mnt_flag |= MNT_ROOTFS;
499 
500 	/* Get the vnode for '/'.  Set p->p_fd->fd_cdir to reference it. */
501 	if (VFS_ROOT(TAILQ_FIRST(&mountlist), &rootvnode))
502 		panic("cannot find root vnode");
503 	p->p_fd->fd_cdir = rootvnode;
504 	vref(p->p_fd->fd_cdir);
505 	VOP_UNLOCK(rootvnode);
506 	p->p_fd->fd_rdir = NULL;
507 
508 	/*
509 	 * Now that root is mounted, we can fixup initprocess's CWD
510 	 * info.  All other processes are kthreads, which merely
511 	 * share proc0's CWD info.
512 	 */
513 	initprocess->ps_fd->fd_cdir = rootvnode;
514 	vref(initprocess->ps_fd->fd_cdir);
515 	initprocess->ps_fd->fd_rdir = NULL;
516 
517 	/*
518 	 * Now can look at time, having had a chance to verify the time
519 	 * from the file system.  Reset p->p_rtime as it may have been
520 	 * munched in mi_switch() after the time got set.
521 	 */
522 	LIST_FOREACH(pr, &allprocess, ps_list) {
523 		nanouptime(&pr->ps_start);
524 		TAILQ_FOREACH(p, &pr->ps_threads, p_thr_link) {
525 			nanouptime(&p->p_cpu->ci_schedstate.spc_runtime);
526 			timespecclear(&p->p_rtime);
527 		}
528 	}
529 
530 	uvm_swap_init();
531 
532 	/* Create the pageout daemon kernel thread. */
533 	if (kthread_create(uvm_pageout, NULL, NULL, "pagedaemon"))
534 		panic("fork pagedaemon");
535 
536 	/* Create the reaper daemon kernel thread. */
537 	if (kthread_create(reaper, NULL, &reaperproc, "reaper"))
538 		panic("fork reaper");
539 
540 	/* Create the cleaner daemon kernel thread. */
541 	if (kthread_create(buf_daemon, NULL, &cleanerproc, "cleaner"))
542 		panic("fork cleaner");
543 
544 	/* Create the update daemon kernel thread. */
545 	if (kthread_create(syncer_thread, NULL, &syncerproc, "update"))
546 		panic("fork update");
547 
548 	/* Create the aiodone daemon kernel thread. */
549 	if (kthread_create(uvm_aiodone_daemon, NULL, NULL, "aiodoned"))
550 		panic("fork aiodoned");
551 
552 #if !defined(__hppa__)
553 	/* Create the page zeroing kernel thread. */
554 	if (kthread_create(uvm_pagezero_thread, NULL, NULL, "zerothread"))
555 		panic("fork zerothread");
556 #endif
557 
558 #if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
559 	/* Boot the secondary processors. */
560 	cpu_boot_secondary_processors();
561 #endif
562 
563 	/* Now that all CPUs partake in scheduling, start SMR thread. */
564 	smr_startup_thread();
565 
566 	config_process_deferred_mountroot();
567 
568 	/*
569 	 * Okay, now we can let init(8) exec!  It's off to userland!
570 	 */
571 	start_init_exec = 1;
572 	wakeup((void *)&start_init_exec);
573 
574 	/*
575 	 * Start the idle pool page garbage collector
576 	 */
577 #if !(defined(__m88k__) && defined(MULTIPROCESSOR))	/* XXX */
578 	pool_gc_pages(NULL);
579 #endif
580 
581 	start_periodic_resettodr();
582 
583         /*
584          * proc0: nothing to do, back to sleep
585          */
586         while (1)
587                 tsleep_nsec(&proc0, PVM, "scheduler", INFSLP);
588 	/* NOTREACHED */
589 }
590 
591 /*
592  * List of paths to try when searching for "init".
593  */
594 static char *initpaths[] = {
595 	"/sbin/init",
596 	"/sbin/oinit",
597 	"/sbin/init.bak",
598 	NULL,
599 };
600 
601 void
602 check_console(struct proc *p)
603 {
604 	struct nameidata nd;
605 	int error;
606 
607 	NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, FOLLOW, UIO_SYSSPACE, "/dev/console", p);
608 	error = namei(&nd);
609 	if (error) {
610 		if (error == ENOENT)
611 			printf("warning: /dev/console does not exist\n");
612 		else
613 			printf("warning: /dev/console error %d\n", error);
614 	} else
615 		vrele(nd.ni_vp);
616 }
617 
618 /*
619  * Start the initial user process; try exec'ing each pathname in "initpaths".
620  * The program is invoked with one argument containing the boot flags.
621  */
622 void
623 start_init(void *arg)
624 {
625 	struct proc *p = arg;
626 	vaddr_t addr;
627 	struct sys_execve_args /* {
628 		syscallarg(const char *) path;
629 		syscallarg(char *const *) argp;
630 		syscallarg(char *const *) envp;
631 	} */ args;
632 	int options, error;
633 	long i;
634 	register_t retval[2];
635 	char flags[4], *flagsp;
636 	char **pathp, *path, *ucp, **uap, *arg0, *arg1 = NULL;
637 
638 	/*
639 	 * Now in process 1.
640 	 */
641 
642 	/*
643 	 * Wait for main() to tell us that it's safe to exec.
644 	 */
645 	while (start_init_exec == 0)
646 		tsleep_nsec(&start_init_exec, PWAIT, "initexec", INFSLP);
647 
648 	check_console(p);
649 
650 	/* process 0 ignores SIGCHLD, but we can't */
651 	p->p_p->ps_sigacts->ps_sigflags = 0;
652 
653 	/*
654 	 * Need just enough stack to hold the faked-up "execve()" arguments.
655 	 */
656 #ifdef MACHINE_STACK_GROWS_UP
657 	addr = USRSTACK;
658 #else
659 	addr = USRSTACK - PAGE_SIZE;
660 #endif
661 	p->p_vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (caddr_t)addr;
662 	p->p_vmspace->vm_minsaddr = (caddr_t)(addr + PAGE_SIZE);
663 	if (uvm_map(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, &addr, PAGE_SIZE,
664 	    NULL, UVM_UNKNOWN_OFFSET, 0,
665 	    UVM_MAPFLAG(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, PROT_MASK, MAP_INHERIT_COPY,
666 	    MADV_NORMAL,
667 	    UVM_FLAG_FIXED|UVM_FLAG_OVERLAY|UVM_FLAG_COPYONW|UVM_FLAG_STACK|UVM_FLAG_SYSCALL)))
668 		panic("init: couldn't allocate argument space");
669 
670 	for (pathp = &initpaths[0]; (path = *pathp) != NULL; pathp++) {
671 #ifdef MACHINE_STACK_GROWS_UP
672 		ucp = (char *)addr;
673 #else
674 		ucp = (char *)(addr + PAGE_SIZE);
675 #endif
676 		/*
677 		 * Construct the boot flag argument.
678 		 */
679 		flagsp = flags;
680 		*flagsp++ = '-';
681 		options = 0;
682 
683 		if (boothowto & RB_SINGLE) {
684 			*flagsp++ = 's';
685 			options = 1;
686 		}
687 #ifdef notyet
688 		if (boothowto & RB_FASTBOOT) {
689 			*flagsp++ = 'f';
690 			options = 1;
691 		}
692 #endif
693 
694 		/*
695 		 * Move out the flags (arg 1), if necessary.
696 		 */
697 		if (options != 0) {
698 			*flagsp++ = '\0';
699 			i = flagsp - flags;
700 #ifdef DEBUG
701 			printf("init: copying out flags `%s' %ld\n", flags, i);
702 #endif
703 #ifdef MACHINE_STACK_GROWS_UP
704 			arg1 = ucp;
705 			(void)copyout((caddr_t)flags, (caddr_t)ucp, i);
706 			ucp += i;
707 #else
708 			(void)copyout((caddr_t)flags, (caddr_t)(ucp -= i), i);
709 			arg1 = ucp;
710 #endif
711 		}
712 
713 		/*
714 		 * Move out the file name (also arg 0).
715 		 */
716 		i = strlen(path) + 1;
717 #ifdef DEBUG
718 		printf("init: copying out path `%s' %ld\n", path, i);
719 #endif
720 #ifdef MACHINE_STACK_GROWS_UP
721 		arg0 = ucp;
722 		(void)copyout((caddr_t)path, (caddr_t)ucp, i);
723 		ucp += i;
724 		ucp = (caddr_t)ALIGN((u_long)ucp);
725 		uap = (char **)ucp + 3;
726 #else
727 		(void)copyout((caddr_t)path, (caddr_t)(ucp -= i), i);
728 		arg0 = ucp;
729 		uap = (char **)((u_long)ucp & ~ALIGNBYTES);
730 #endif
731 
732 		/*
733 		 * Move out the arg pointers.
734 		 */
735 		i = 0;
736 		copyout(&i, (caddr_t)--uap, sizeof(register_t)); /* terminator */
737 		if (options != 0)
738 			copyout(&arg1, (caddr_t)--uap, sizeof(register_t));
739 		copyout(&arg0, (caddr_t)--uap, sizeof(register_t));
740 
741 		/*
742 		 * Point at the arguments.
743 		 */
744 		SCARG(&args, path) = arg0;
745 		SCARG(&args, argp) = uap;
746 		SCARG(&args, envp) = NULL;
747 
748 		/*
749 		 * Now try to exec the program.  If can't for any reason
750 		 * other than it doesn't exist, complain.
751 		 */
752 		if ((error = sys_execve(p, &args, retval)) == 0) {
753 			KERNEL_UNLOCK();
754 			return;
755 		}
756 		if (error != ENOENT)
757 			printf("exec %s: error %d\n", path, error);
758 	}
759 	printf("init: not found\n");
760 	panic("no init");
761 }
762