1.\" $OpenBSD: packages-specs.7,v 1.16 2010/11/20 10:05:05 espie Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2001 Marc Espie 4.\" 5.\" All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. 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27.Dd $Mdocdate: November 20 2010 $ 28.Dt PACKAGES-SPECS 7 29.Os 30.Sh NAME 31.Nm packages-specs 32.Nd binary package names specifications 33.Sh DESCRIPTION 34Each package has a name consisting of at most three parts: 35.Bd -literal -offset indent 36stem-version[-flavors] 37.Ed 38.Pp 39The 40.Ar stem 41part identifies the package. 42It may contain some dashes, but its form is mostly conventional. 43For instance, japanese packages usually 44start with a 45.Sq ja 46prefix, e.g., 47.Qq ja-kterm-6.2.0 . 48.Pp 49The 50.Ar version 51part starts at the first digit that follows a 52.Sq - , 53and goes on up to the following 54.Sq - , 55or to the end of the package name, if no flavor modifier is present. 56All packages must have a version number. 57Normally, the version number directly matches the original software 58distribution version number, or release date. 59In case there are substantial changes in the 60.Ox 61package, a patch level marker should be appended, e.g., 62.Sq p0 , 63.Sq p1 ... 64For example, assuming that the screen package for release 2.8 was 65named 66.Qq screen-2.9.8 67and that an important security patch led to a newer package, 68the new package would be called 69.Qq screen-2.9.8p0 . 70Obviously, these specific markers are reserved for 71.Ox 72purposes. 73See 74.Ev REVISION 75in 76.Xr bsd.port.mk 5 . 77.Pp 78In some rare cases, version numbering changes completely upstream. 79A version style marker, of the form 80.Sq v0 , 81.Sq v1 ... 82can be appended to the version number (after the patch level) 83to denote the new numbering scheme. 84See 85.Ev EPOCH 86in 87.Xr bsd.port.mk 5 . 88.Pp 89Flavored packages will also contain a list of flavors after the version 90identifier, in a canonical order determined by 91.Ev FLAVORS 92in the corresponding port's 93.Pa Makefile . 94For instance, kterm has an xaw3d flavor: 95.Qq ja-kterm-xaw3d . 96.Pp 97Note that, to uniquely identify the version part, no flavor shall ever 98start with a digit. 99Usually, flavored packages are slightly different versions of the same 100package that offer very similar functionalities. 101.Sh CONFLICTS 102Most conflicts between packages are handled on a package name basis. 103Unless the packages have been specially prepared, it is 104normally not possible to install two packages with the same 105.Ar stem . 106.Pp 107Note that the 108.Ar stem 109ends at the 110.Ar version 111part. 112So, for instance, 113.Qq kdelibs-1.1.2 114and 115.Qq kdelibs-2.1.1 116conflict. 117But 118.Qq openldap-2.0.7 119and 120.Qq openldap-client-2.0.7 121don't. 122Neither do 123.Qq qt-1.45 124and 125.Qq qt2-3.0 . 126.Sh DEPENDENCIES 127Packages may depend on other packages, as specified by their port's 128Makefile, in a 129.Ev BUILD_DEPENDS , 130.Ev LIB_DEPENDS , 131.Ev REGRESS_DEPENDS 132or 133.Ev RUN_DEPENDS . 134All those conform to 135.Bd -literal -offset indent 136[pkgspec:]directory,[-multi],[flavor...] 137.Ed 138.Pp 139The 140.Ar directory,[-multi],[flavor...] 141part of the dependency is always used to obtain the default dependency for 142the given package (the package that will be built and installed if no package 143is found). 144The corresponding package name is also used as a package specification, 145after removing any version and flavor requirements. 146.Pp 147Without a 148.Sq pkgspec: 149part, any package with the right stem will do: in effect, 150the pkgspec used is 151.Sq stem-* . 152.Pp 153An explicit specification such as 154.Qq png-1.0.7 . 155may be used to ask for a more specific version number. 156Version numbers may also include ranges, separated by commas, so for 157instance, 158.Qq foo->=1.3 159would match any foo with version at least 1.3, and 160.Qq foo->=1.3,<=1.5 161would match any version of foo between 1.3 and 1.5, inclusive. 162.Pp 163As a convenience, the ports tree recognizes a specification that starts 164with STEM, and will replace this with the correct stem, which can be useful 165for embarrassingly long package names. 166.Pp 167As another convenience, the ports tree recognizes constructs like 168.Qq graphics/png>=1.2.0 169and transforms it into 170.Qq STEM->=1.2.0:graphics/png . 171More specifically, package paths never contain <, >, or =, and those 172characters trigger the transform. 173.Pp 174If the flavor specification is left blank, any flavor will do. 175Note that most default package names don't contain flavor specification, 176which means that any flavor will do 177For instance, in 178.Bd -literal -offset indent 179LIB_DEPENDS = graphics/aalib 180.Ed 181.Pp 182both 183.Qq aalib-1.2 184and 185.Qq aalib-1.2-no_x11 186will do. 187To restrict the specification to packages that match flavor 188.Sq f , 189append 190.Sq -f . 191To restrict the specification to packages that do not match flavor 192.Sq f , 193append 194.Sq -!f . 195In the preceding case, one may use 196.Bd -literal -offset indent 197LIB_DEPENDS = aalib-*-!no_x11:graphics/aalib 198.Ed 199.Pp 200to ensure the no_x11 flavor is not picked. 201.Sh DEPENDENCIES RESOLUTION 202Several packages may be specified for a dependency: 203.Qq foo-*|bar-* 204will match either any version of package foo, or any version of package bar. 205In the general case, each package holds a tree of dependencies. 206Resolution occurs at 207.Xr pkg_add 1 208time, and all dependencies are tracked only as far as needed. 209.Pp 210For instance, if package 211.Qq foo-1.0 212depends on either 213.Qq bar-* 214or 215.Qq fuzz-* , 216and 217.Qq bar-2.0 218depends 219on 220.Qq toughluck-* , 221.Xr pkg_add 1 222will first check whether 223.Qq bar-* 224or 225.Qq fuzz-* 226is installed. 227If either is there, the 228.Qq toughluck-* 229dependency will never be examined. 230It would only be used in the case where neither 231.Qq bar-* 232nor 233.Qq fuzz-* 234are present, thus 235.Xr pkg_add 1 236would decide to bring in 237.Qq bar-2.0 , 238and so would check on 239.Qq toughluck-* . 240.Sh SEE ALSO 241.Xr pkg_add 1 , 242.Xr bsd.port.mk 5 , 243.Xr library-specs 7 , 244.Xr packages 7 , 245.Xr ports 7 246.Sh HISTORY 247Support for a more complex form of those package specifications first 248appeared in 249.Ox 2.9 . 250The current simplified form was introduced in 251.Ox 4.9 . 252