1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.41 2003/06/27 21:26:20 david Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd June 5, 1993 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem. 48.It /bin/ 49User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 50These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 51system libraries to run. 52.It /bsd 53Pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 54at boot-time). 55.It /dev/ 56Block and character device files. 57.Pp 58.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 59.It MAKEDEV 60Script for creating device files (see 61.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 62.It fd/ 63File descriptor files (see 64.Xr fd 4 ) . 65.El 66.It /emul/ 67Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call 68emulation is in effect (see 69.Xr compat_bsdos 8 , 70.Xr compat_freebsd 8 , 71.Xr compat_hpux 8 , 72.Xr compat_ibcs2 8 , 73.Xr compat_linux 8 , 74.Xr compat_osf1 8 , 75.Xr compat_sunos 8 , 76.Xr compat_svr4 8 , 77.Xr compat_ultrix 8 ) . 78.It /etc/ 79System configuration files and scripts. 80.Pp 81.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 82.It localtime 83Local timezone information (see 84.Xr ctime 3 ) . 85.It X11/ 86Configuration files for the X11 window system. 87.It afs/ 88AFS configuration files. 89.It amd/ 90Contains map files for 91.Xr amd 8 . 92.It authpf/ 93Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 94.Xr authpf 8 ) . 95.It disklabels/ 96Backup disklabels (see 97.Xr disklabel 8 ) . 98.It isakmpd/ 99Configuration files for 100.Xr isakmpd 8 . 101.It kerberosV/ 102Configuration files for the Kerberos version V subsystem (see 103.Xr info 1 104heimdal). 105.It mail/ 106.Xr sendmail 8 107configuration files (including 108.Xr aliases 5 ) . 109.It mtree/ 110.Xr mtree 111configuration files (see 112.Xr mtree 8 ) . 113.It ppp/ 114.Xr pppd 115configuration files (see 116.Xr pppd 8 ) . 117.It raddb/servers/ 118List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 119.Xr login_radius 8 . 120.It skel/ 121Example 122.Dq \&. 123(dot) files for new accounts. 124.It sliphome/ 125Configuration files for 126.Xr sliplogin 8 . 127.It ssh/ 128Configuration files for 129.Xr ssh 1 130and 131.Xr sshd 8 . 132.It ssl/ 133OpenSSL configuration files (see 134.Xr openssl 1 ) . 135.It systrace/ 136Sample 137.Xr systrace 1 138policies. 139.El 140.It /home/ 141Default location for user home directories. 142.It /mnt/ 143Empty directory commonly used by 144system administrators as a temporary mount point. 145.It /root/ 146Default home directory for the superuser. 147.It /sbin/ 148System programs and administration utilities 149fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 150These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 151system libraries to run. 152.It /stand/ 153Programs used in a stand-alone environment. 154.It /tmp/ 155Temporary files, usually an 156.Xr mfs 8 157memory-based filesystem (the contents 158of 159.Pa /tmp 160are usually 161.Em not 162preserved across a system reboot). 163.It /usr/ 164Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 165.Pp 166.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 167.It X11R6/ 168Files required for the X11 window system. 169.Pp 170.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 171.It bin/ 172X11 binaries. 173.It include/ 174X11-specific C include files. 175.It lib/ 176X11 archive libraries. 177.Pp 178.Bl -tag -width "modules/" -compact 179.It X11/ 180Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications (see 181.Xr xdm 1 , 182.Xr xkb 1 , 183.Xr twm 1 ) . 184.It modules/ 185Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 186.Pp 187.El 188.It man/ 189X11 manual pages. 190.El 191.Pp 192.It bin/ 193Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 194.It games/ 195Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 196.It include/ 197Standard C include files. 198.Pp 199.Bl -tag -width "kerberosV/" -compact 200.It altq/ 201C include files for the altq subsystem (see 202.Xr pf.conf 5 ) . 203.It arpa/ 204C include files for Internet service protocols. 205.It crypto/ 206C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 207.It ddb/ 208C include files for the kernel debugger (see 209.Xr ddb 4 ) . 210.It dev/ 211Device-specific C include files. 212.It g++/ 213Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 214.It isofs/ 215C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 216.It kerberosV/ 217C include files for the KerberosV authentication subsystem (see 218.Xr info 1 219heimdal). 220.It machine/ 221Machine specific C include files. 222.It miscfs/ 223C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 224.It net/ 225Miscellaneous network C include files. 226.It netatalk/ 227C include files for the AppleTalk protocol. 228.It netccitt/ 229C include files for X.25 LAPB support. 230.It netinet/ 231C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 232.Xr inet 4 ) . 233.It netinet6/ 234C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 235.Xr inet6 4 ) . 236.It netipx/ 237C include files for the IPX protocol. 238.It netiso/ 239C include files for ISO standard protocols (see 240.Xr iso 4 ) . 241.It netnatm/ 242C include files for native mode ATM access. 243.It netns/ 244C include files for XNS standard protocols (see 245.Xr ns 4 ) . 246.It nfs/ 247C include files for NFS (Network File System). 248.It objc/ 249C include files for GNU Objective-C. 250.It openssl/ 251C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 252.Xr ssl 8 ) . 253.It protocols/ 254C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 255.It readline/ 256C include files for the 257.Xr readline 3 258library. 259.It rpc/ 260C include files for remote procedure calling (see 261.Xr rpc 5 ) . 262.It rpcsvc/ 263C include files for rpcsvc. 264.It scsi/ 265SCSI-specific C include files. 266.It sys/ 267System C include files (kernel data structures). 268.It ufs/ 269C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 270.It uvm/ 271C include files for the virtual memory interface. 272.It xfs/ 273C include files for the XFS file system. 274.El 275.Pp 276.It lib/ 277Archive libraries. 278.It libdata/ 279Miscellaneous utility data files. 280.Pp 281.Bl -tag -width "perl5/" -compact 282.It cvs/ 283Placeholder for user contributed 284.Xr cvs 1 285code/scripts. 286.It lint/ 287Prebuilt 288.Xr lint 1 289libraries. 290.It perl5/ 291Data files for 292.Xr perl 1 . 293.It ssh/ 294Data file for 295.Xr ssh 1 . 296.El 297.Pp 298.It libexec/ 299System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 300.Pp 301.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 302.It auth/ 303Login scripts used to authenticate users (for BSD authentication). 304.It cvs/contrib/ 305User contributed 306.Xr cvs 1 307scripts. 308.It lpr/ 309Contains the lpf filter for 310.Xr lpd 8 . 311.It sendmail/ 312Contains the 313.Xr sendmail 8 314binary. 315.It sm.bin/ 316Binaries to be run by 317.Xr smrsh 8 . 318.El 319.Pp 320.It lkm/ 321Loadable kernel modules. 322.It local/ 323Local executables, libraries, etc. 324.It mdec/ 325Boot-related executables. 326.It obj/ 327Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 328.Pa /usr/src 329tree. 330.It ports/ 331The 332.Ox 333ports collection (see 334.Xr ports 7 ) . 335.It sbin/ 336System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 337.It share/ 338Architecture independent data files. 339.Pp 340.Bl -tag -width "groff_font/" -compact 341.It altq/ 342Sample configuration files for the altq subsystem (see 343.Xr pf.conf 5 ) . 344.It calendar/ 345Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 346.Xr calendar 1 ) . 347.It dict/ 348Word lists (see 349.Xr look 1 350and 351.Xr spell 1 ) . 352.Pp 353.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 354.It american 355Spellings preferred in American usage. 356.It english 357Spellings preferred in British usage. 358.It eign 359List of common words. 360.It propernames 361List of proper names. 362.It stop 363Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 364.Xr spell 1 365from words in the other files in 366.Pa /usr/share/dict , 367but should not be accepted. 368.It web2 369Words from Webster's 2nd International. 370.It web2a 371Additional words from Webster's. 372.It words 373Common words. 374.It papers/ 375Reference databases (see 376.Xr refer 1 ) . 377.It special/ 378Custom word lists. 379.El 380.Pp 381.It doc/ 382Miscellaneous documentation; 383source for most of the 384.Bx 4.3 385manuals. 386.Pp 387.Bl -tag -width html/ -compact 388.It html/ 389HTML documentation. 390.It psd/ 391.Ux 392Programmer's Supplementary Documents (PSD). 393.It smm/ 394.Ux 395System Manager's Manuals (SMM). 396.It usd/ 397.Ux 398User's Supplementary Documents (USD). 399.El 400.Pp 401.It games/ 402ASCII text files used by various games. 403.It groff_font/ 404GNU troff shared fonts. 405.It info/ 406Texinfo source files. 407.It ipsec/ 408IPsec example files. 409.It lkm/ 410Example source code implementing several lkm module types (see 411.Xr lkm 4 ) . 412.It locale/ 413Locales for multi-language support. 414.It man/ 415Manual pages. 416.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 417.It cat*/ 418Preformatted 419.Xr man 1 420pages. 421Layout similar to man (below). 422.It man1/ 423General commands (tools and utilities). 424.It man2/ 425System calls and error numbers. 426.It man3/ 427Libraries. 428.It man3p/ 429.Xr perl 1 430programmers' reference guide. 431.It man4/ 432Special files and hardware support. 433.It man5/ 434File formats. 435.It man6/ 436Games. 437.It man7/ 438Miscellaneous. 439.It man8/ 440System maintenance and operation commands. 441.It man9/ 442Kernel internals. 443.El 444.It misc/ 445Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 446.Pp 447.Bl -tag -width terminfo.db -compact 448.It termcap 449Terminal characteristics database (see 450.Xr termcap 5 ) . 451.It termcap.db 452Hash database file containing terminal descriptions (see 453.Xr cap_mkdb 1 ) . 454.It terminfo.db 455Terminal information database. 456.It pcvtfonts/ 457Additional i386 console fonts. 458.El 459.Pp 460.It mk/ 461Templates for 462.Xr make 463(see 464.Xr make 1 ) . 465.It nls/ 466National Language Support (NLS) catalogs. 467.It pf/ 468Sample configuration files for 469.Xr pf 4 . 470.It sendmail/ 471Example files for 472.Xr sendmail 8 . 473.It tabset/ 474Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 475the termcap file (see 476.Xr termcap 5 ) . 477.It texinfo/ 478Templates for 479.Xr texinfo 5 . 480.It tmac/ 481Text processing macros (see 482.Xr nroff 1 483and 484.Xr troff 1 ) . 485.It vi/catalog/ 486Catalog files for the 487.Xr vi 1 488text editor. 489.It zoneinfo/ 490Timezone configuration information (see 491.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 492.El 493.Pp 494.It src/ 495BSD and/or local source files. 496.Pp 497.Bl -tag -width "kerberosV/" -compact 498.It bin/ 499Source for files in 500.Pa /bin . 501.It distrib/ 502Source for making distribution sets. 503.It etc/ 504Source for files in 505.Pa /etc . 506.It games/ 507Source for files in 508.Pa /usr/games . 509.It gnu/ 510Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 511.It include/ 512Source for files in 513.Pa /usr/include . 514.It kerberosV/ 515Source for Kerberos version V. 516.It lib/ 517Source for files in 518.Pa /usr/lib . 519.It libexec/ 520Source for files in 521.Pa /usr/libexec . 522.It lkm/ 523Source for files in 524.Pa /usr/lkm . 525.It regress/ 526Regress framework. 527.It sbin/ 528Source for files in 529.Pa /sbin . 530.It share/ 531Source for files in 532.Pa /usr/share . 533.It sys/ 534Kernel source files. 535.It usr.bin/ 536Source for files in 537.Pa /usr/bin . 538.It usr.sbin/ 539Source for files in 540.Pa /usr/sbin . 541.El 542.El 543.It /var/ 544Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 545.Pp 546.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 547.It account/ 548System accounting files. 549.Pp 550.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 551.It acct 552Execution accounting file (see 553.Xr acct 5 ) . 554.El 555.Pp 556.It audit/ 557Audit logs. 558.It authpf/ 559PID file for 560.Xr authpf 8 . 561.It backups/ 562Miscellaneous backup files. 563.It crash/ 564Crash dumps written by 565.Xr savecore 8 . 566.It cron/ 567Spools and configuration files for 568.Xr cron 8 569and 570.Xr at 1 . 571.Pp 572.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 573.It atjobs/ 574.Xr at 1 575jobs. 576.It tabs/ 577Individual 578.Xr crontab 1 579files. 580.El 581.Pp 582.It db/ 583Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 584.It empty/ 585Generic chroot directory. 586.It games/ 587Miscellaneous game status and log files. 588.It log/ 589Miscellaneous system log files. 590.Pp 591.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 592.It wtmp 593Login/logout log (see 594.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 595.It rdist/ 596Log files for 597.Xr rdist 1 . 598.El 599.Pp 600.It mail/ 601User mailbox files. 602.It msgs/ 603Database for 604.Xr msgs 1 . 605.It named/ 606Chroot directory for 607.Xr named 8 . 608.It quotas/ 609Filesystem quota information files. 610.It run/ 611System information files describing various info about the 612system since it was booted. 613.Pp 614.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 615.It utmp 616Database of current users (see 617.Xr utmp 5 ) . 618.It sudo/ 619Timestamps for 620.Xr sudo 8 . 621.El 622.Pp 623.It rwho/ 624.Xr rwho 625data files (see 626.Xr rwhod 8 , 627.Xr rwho 1 , 628and 629.Xr ruptime 1 ) . 630.It spool/ 631Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 632.Pp 633.Bl -tag -width "clientmqueue/" -compact 634.It clientmqueue/ 635Mail messages waiting to be processed by the sendmail clientmqueue helper 636task (see 637.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 638.It ftp/ 639Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 640.It lock/ 641Lock files for utilities such as 642.Xr cu 1 , 643.Xr tip 1 644and 645.Xr uucp . 646.It mqueue/ 647Undelivered mail queue (see 648.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 649.It output/ 650Line printer spooling directories. 651.It uucp/ 652.Xr uucp 653spool directory. 654.It uucppublic/ 655Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 656.El 657.Pp 658.It tmp/ 659Temporary files that are kept between system reboots. 660.It www/ 661ServerRoot point for 662.Xr httpd 8 . 663.It yp/ 664Files for the 665.Xr yp 8 666subsystem. 667.El 668.El 669.Sh SEE ALSO 670.Xr apropos 1 , 671.Xr find 1 , 672.Xr locate 1 , 673.Xr whatis 1 , 674.Xr whereis 1 , 675.Xr which 1 676.Sh HISTORY 677A 678.Nm 679manual page appeared in 680.At v7 . 681