1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.26 2001/06/27 03:32:57 angelos Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 16.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 17.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 18.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 19.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 20.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 21.\" without specific prior written permission. 22.\" 23.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 24.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 25.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 26.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 27.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 36.\" 37.Dd June 5, 1993 38.Dt HIER 7 39.Os 40.Sh NAME 41.Nm hier 42.Nd layout of filesystems 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 45.Bl -tag -width "/stand/" 46.It Li / 47Root directory. 48.It Li /altroot/ 49Alternate (backup) location for the root 50.Pq Sq / 51filesystem. 52.It Li /bin/ 53User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 54These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 55system libraries to run. 56.It Li /bsd 57Pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 58at boot-time). 59.It Li /dev/ 60Block and character device files. 61.Pp 62.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 63.It Li MAKEDEV 64Script for creating device files (see 65.Xr makedev 8 ) . 66.It Li fd/ 67File descriptor files (see 68.Xr fd 4 ) . 69.El 70.It Li /emul/ 71Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call 72emulation is in effect (see 73.Xr compat_bsdos 8 , 74.Xr compat_freebsd 8 , 75.Xr compat_ibcs2 8 , 76.Xr compat_linux 8 , 77.Xr compat_sunos 8 , 78.Xr compat_svr4 8 , 79.Xr compat_ultrix 8 ) . 80.It Li /etc/ 81System configuration files and scripts. 82.Pp 83.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact 84.It Li localtime 85Local timezone information (see 86.Xr ctime 3 ) . 87.It Li disklabels/ 88Backup disklabels (see 89.Xr disklabel 8 ) . 90.It Li kerberosIV/ 91Configuration files for the Kerberos version IV system (see 92.Xr kerberos 1 ) . 93.It Li mail/ 94.Xr sendmail 8 95configuration files (including 96.Xr aliases 5 ). 97.It Li mtree/ 98.Xr mtree 99configuration files (see 100.Xr mtree 8 ) . 101.It Li ppp/ 102.Xr pppd 103configuration files (see 104.Xr pppd 8 ) . 105.It Li skel/ 106Example 107.Dq \&. 108(dot) files for new accounts. 109.It Li uucp/ 110.Xr uucp 111configuration files (see 112.Xr uucp 1 ) . 113.El 114.It Li /home/ 115Default location for user home directories. 116.It Li /mnt/ 117Empty directory commonly used by 118system administrators as a temporary mount point. 119.It Li /root/ 120Default home directory for the superuser. 121.It Li /sbin/ 122System programs and administration utilities 123fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 124.It Li /stand/ 125Programs used in a stand-alone environment. 126.It Li /tmp/ 127Temporary files, usually an 128.Xr mfs 8 129memory-based filesystem (the contents 130of 131.Pa /tmp 132are usually 133.Em not 134preserved across a system reboot). 135.It Li /usr/ 136Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 137.Pp 138.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 139.It Li X11R6/ 140Files required for the X11 window system. 141.Pp 142.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 143.It Li bin/ 144X11 binaries. 145.It Li include/ 146X11-specific C include files. 147.It Li lib/ 148X11 archive libraries. 149.Pp 150.Bl -tag -width "X11/" -compact 151.It Li X11/ 152Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications (see 153.Xr xdm 1 , 154.Xr xkb 1 , 155.Xr twm 1 ) . 156.Pp 157.El 158.It Li man/ 159X11 manual pages. 160.El 161.Pp 162.It Li bin/ 163Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 164.It Li games/ 165Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 166.It Li include/ 167Standard C include files. 168.Pp 169.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 170.It Li arpa/ 171C include files for Internet service protocols. 172.It Li kerberosIV/ 173C include files for Kerberos authentication package (see 174.Xr kerberos 1 ) . 175.It Li crypto/ 176C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 177.It Li ddb/ 178C include files for the kernel debugger (see 179.Xr ddb 4 ) . 180.It Li g++/ 181Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 182.It Li isofs/ 183C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 184.It Li miscfs/ 185C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 186.It Li netatalk/ 187C include files for the AppleTalk protocol. 188.It Li netccitt/ 189.It Li netipx/ 190C include files for the IPX protocol. 191.It Li netnatm/ 192.It Li objc/ 193C include files for GNU Objective-C. 194.It Li ssl/ 195C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 196.Xr ssl 8 ) . 197.It Li readline/ 198.It Li rpc/ 199C include files for remote procedure calling (see 200.Xr rpc 5 ) . 201.It Li rpcsvc/ 202.It Li scsi/ 203SCSI-specific C include files. 204.It Li uvm/ 205C include files for the New and Improved virtual memory interface. 206.It Li vm/ 207C include files for the virtual memory interface. 208.It Li xfs/ 209C include files for the XFS file system. 210.It Li dev/ 211Device-specific C include files. 212.It Li machine/ 213Machine specific C include files. 214.It Li net/ 215Miscellaneous network C include files. 216.It Li netinet/ 217C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 218.Xr inet 4 ) . 219.It Li netinet6/ 220C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 221.Xr inet6 4 ) . 222.It Li netiso/ 223C include files for ISO standard protocols (see 224.Xr iso 4 ) . 225.It Li netns/ 226C include files for XNS standard protocols (see 227.Xr ns 4 ) . 228.It Li nfs/ 229C include files for NFS (Network File System). 230.It Li protocols/ 231C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 232.It Li sys/ 233System C include files (kernel data structures). 234.It Li ufs/ 235C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 236.El 237.Pp 238.It Li lib/ 239Archive libraries. 240.It Li libdata/ 241Miscellaneous utility data files. 242.It Li libexec/ 243System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 244.Pp 245.Bl -tag -width "auth/" -compact 246.It Li auth/ 247Login scripts used to authenticate users (for BSD authentication). 248.El 249.Pp 250.It Li lkm/ 251.It Li mdec/ 252.It Li local/ 253Local executables, libraries, etc. 254.It Li obj/ 255Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 256.Pa /usr/src 257tree. 258.It Li ports/ 259The OpenBSD ports collection (see 260.Xr ports 7 ) . 261.It Li sbin/ 262System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 263.It Li share/ 264Architecture independent data files. 265.Pp 266.Bl -tag -width "groff_font/" -compact 267.It Li calendar/ 268Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 269.Xr calendar 1 ) . 270.It Li dict/ 271Word lists (see 272.Xr look 1 ) . 273.Pp 274.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 275.It Li words 276Common words. 277.It Li web2 278Words from Webster's 2nd International. 279.It Li web2a 280Additional words from Webster's. 281.It Li propernames 282List of proper names. 283.It Li eign 284.It Li papers/ 285Reference databases (see 286.Xr refer 1 ) . 287.It Li special/ 288Custom word lists. 289.El 290.Pp 291.It Li doc/ 292Miscellaneous documentation; 293source for most of the printed 294.Bx 4.3 295manuals (available 296from the 297.Tn USENIX 298association). 299.It Li games/ 300ASCII text files used by various games. 301.It Li groff_font/ 302GNU troff shared fonts. 303.It Li info/ 304Texinfo source files. 305.It Li ipsec/ 306IPsec example files. 307.It Li lkm/ 308Example source code implementing several lkm module types (see 309.Xr lkm 4 ) . 310.It Li locale/ 311.It Li man/ 312Manual pages. 313.It Li misc/ 314Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 315.Bl -tag -width Fl 316.It Li termcap 317Terminal characteristics database (see 318.Xr termcap 5 ) . 319.El 320.Pp 321.It Li mk/ 322Templates for 323.Xr make 324(see 325.Xr make 1 ) . 326.It Li nls/ 327.It Li sendmail/ 328Example files for 329.Xr sendmail 8 . 330.It Li vi/catalog/ 331Catalog files for the 332.Xr vi 1 333text editor. 334.It Li tabset/ 335Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 336the termcap file (see 337.Xr termcap 5 ) . 338.It Li tmac/ 339Text processing macros (see 340.Xr nroff 1 341and 342.Xr troff 1 ) . 343.It Li zoneinfo/ 344Timezone configuration information (see 345.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 346.El 347.Pp 348.It Li src/ 349BSD and/or local source files 350.Pp 351.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 352.It Li bin/ 353Source for files in 354.Pa /bin . 355.It Li etc/ 356Source for files in 357.Pa /etc . 358.It Li games/ 359Source for files in 360.Pa /usr/games . 361.It Li gnu/ 362Source for files with GPL license. 363.It Li include/ 364Source for files in 365.Pa /usr/include . 366.It Li kerberosIV/ 367Source for Kerberos version IV. 368.It Li lib/ 369Source for files in 370.Pa /usr/lib . 371.It Li libexec/ 372Source for files in 373.Pa /usr/libexec . 374.It Li lkm/ 375Source for files in 376.Pa /usr/lkm . 377.It Li sbin/ 378Source for files in 379.Pa /sbin . 380.It Li share/ 381Source for files in 382.Pa /usr/share . 383.It Li sys/ 384Kernel source files. 385.It Li usr.bin/ 386Source for files in 387.Pa /usr/bin . 388.It Li usr.sbin/ 389Source for files in 390.Pa /usr/sbin . 391.El 392.El 393.It Li /var/ 394Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 395.Pp 396.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 397.It Li account/ 398System accounting files. 399.Pp 400.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 401.It Li acct 402Execution accounting file (see 403.Xr acct 5 ) . 404.El 405.Pp 406.It Li at/ 407.Xr timed 8 408command scheduling files (see 409.Xr at 1 ) . 410.It Li backups/ 411Miscellaneous backup files. 412.It Li db/ 413Miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files. 414.It Li games/ 415Miscellaneous game status and log files. 416.It Li log/ 417Miscellaneous system log files. 418.Pp 419.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 420.It Li wtmp 421Login/logout log (see 422.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 423.El 424.Pp 425.It Li mail/ 426User mailbox files. 427.It Li namedb/ 428.Xr named 429configuration files (see 430.Xr named 8 ) . 431.It Li preserve/ 432Temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 433of an editor (see 434.Xr ex 1 ) . 435.It Li quotas/ 436Filesystem quota information files. 437.It Li run/ 438System information files describing various info about the 439system since it was booted. 440.Pp 441.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 442.It Li utmp 443Database of current users (see 444.Xr utmp 5 ) . 445.El 446.Pp 447.It Li rwho/ 448.Xr rwho 449data files (see 450.Xr rwhod 8 , 451.Xr rwho 1 , 452and 453.Xr ruptime 1 ) . 454.It Li spool/ 455Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 456.Pp 457.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 458.It Li ftp/ 459Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 460.It Li mqueue/ 461Undelivered mail queue (see 462.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 463.It Li output/ 464Line printer spooling directories. 465.It Li uucp/ 466.Xr uucp 467spool directory. 468.It Li uucppublic/ 469Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 470.El 471.Pp 472.It Li tmp/ 473Temporary files that are kept between system reboots. 474.El 475.El 476.Sh SEE ALSO 477.Xr apropos 1 , 478.Xr find 1 , 479.Xr locate 1 , 480.Xr whatis 1 , 481.Xr whereis 1 , 482.Xr which 1 483.Sh HISTORY 484A 485.Nm 486manual page appeared in 487.At v7 . 488