1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.76 2009/04/05 20:49:57 matthieu Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd $Mdocdate: April 5 2009 $ 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem 48(see 49.Xr daily 8 ) . 50.It /bin/ 51User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 52These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 53system libraries to run. 54.It /bsd 55Pure kernel executable 56(the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time). 57.It /bsd.mp 58Pure kernel executable 59for multi-processor machines. 60.It /bsd.rd 61Installation kernel. 62The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run 63without an external file system, so this kernel is useful 64for limited system maintenance too. 65.It /dev/ 66Block and character device files. 67.Pp 68.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 69.It MAKEDEV 70Script for creating device files (see 71.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 72.It fd/ 73File descriptor files (see 74.Xr fd 4 ) . 75.El 76.It /emul/ 77Base directory for alternate areas searched first when system call 78emulation is in effect (see 79.Xr sysctl 8 80and the system compat pages: 81.Xr compat_aout 8 , 82.Xr compat_bsdos 8 , 83.Xr compat_freebsd 8 , 84.Xr compat_hpux 8 , 85.Xr compat_ibcs2 8 , 86.Xr compat_linux 8 , 87.Xr compat_osf1 8 , 88.Xr compat_sunos 8 , 89.Xr compat_svr4 8 , 90and 91.Xr compat_ultrix 8 ) . 92.It /etc/ 93System configuration files and scripts. 94.Pp 95.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 96.It localtime 97Local time zone information (see 98.Xr ctime 3 ) . 99.It X11/ 100Configuration files for the X11 window system. 101.It afs/ 102AFS configuration files. 103.It amd/ 104Contains map files for 105.Xr amd 8 . 106.It authpf/ 107Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 108.Xr authpf 8 ) . 109.It disklabels/ 110Backup disklabels (see 111.Xr disklabel 8 ) . 112.It firmware/ 113Firmware files for various devices. 114.It fonts/ 115Configuration files for X11 window system fonts. 116.It hotplug/ 117Scripts for the hotplug daemon, 118.Xr hotplugd 8 . 119.It isakmpd/ 120Configuration files for 121.Xr isakmpd 8 . 122.It kerberosV/ 123Configuration files for the Kerberos version V subsystem (see 124.Xr kerberos 8 ) . 125.It mail/ 126.Xr sendmail 8 127configuration files (including 128.Xr aliases 5 ) . 129.It mtree/ 130.Xr mtree 131configuration files (see 132.Xr mtree 8 ) . 133.It ppp/ 134.Xr pppd 135configuration files (see 136.Xr pppd 8 ) . 137.It raddb/servers/ 138List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 139.Xr login_radius 8 . 140.It skel/ 141Example 142.Sq .\& 143(dot) files for new accounts. 144.It skey/ 145One-time password user database for 146.Xr skey 1 . 147.It sliphome/ 148Configuration files for 149.Xr sliplogin 8 . 150.It ssh/ 151Configuration files for 152.Xr ssh 1 153and 154.Xr sshd 8 . 155.It ssl/ 156OpenSSL configuration files (see 157.Xr openssl 1 ) . 158.It systrace/ 159Sample 160.Xr systrace 1 161policies. 162.El 163.It /home/ 164Default location for user home directories. 165.It /mnt/ 166Empty directory commonly used by 167system administrators as a temporary mount point. 168.It /root/ 169Default home directory for the superuser. 170.It /sbin/ 171System programs and administration utilities 172fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 173These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 174system libraries to run. 175.It /stand/ 176Programs used in a stand-alone environment. 177.It /tmp/ 178Temporary files that are 179.Em not 180preserved between system reboots. 181Periodically cleaned by 182.Xr daily 8 . 183.It /usr/ 184Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 185.Pp 186.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 187.It X11R6/ 188Files required for the X11 window system. 189.Pp 190.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 191.It bin/ 192X11 binaries. 193.It include/ 194X11-specific C include files. 195.It lib/ 196X11 archive libraries. 197.Pp 198.Bl -tag -width "pkgconfig/" -compact 199.It X11/ 200Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications (see 201.Xr xdm 1 , 202.Xr xkb 1 , 203.Xr twm 1 ) . 204.It modules/ 205Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 206.It pkgconfig/ 207Package metadata for 208.Xr pkgconfig 1 . 209.It xorg/ 210Data files used by the X server. 211.El 212.Pp 213.It man/ 214X11 manual pages. 215.It share/ 216Architecture independent data files. 217.El 218.Pp 219.It bin/ 220Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 221.It games/ 222Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 223.It include/ 224Standard C include files. 225.Pp 226.Bl -tag -width "kerberosV/" -compact 227.It altq/ 228C include files for the altq subsystem (see 229.Xr pf.conf 5 ) . 230.It arpa/ 231C include files for Internet service protocols. 232.It crypto/ 233C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 234.It ddb/ 235C include files for the kernel debugger (see 236.Xr ddb 4 ) . 237.It dev/ 238Device-specific C include files. 239.It g++/ 240Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 241.It isofs/ 242C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 243.It kerberosV/ 244C include files for the KerberosV authentication subsystem (see 245.Xr kerberos 8 ) . 246.It libmilter/ 247C include files for the 248.Xr sendmail 8 249mail filter API. 250.It machine/ 251Machine specific C include files. 252.It miscfs/ 253C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 254.It net/ 255Miscellaneous network C include files. 256.It net80211/ 257C include files for 802.11 wireless networking. 258.It netatalk/ 259C include files for the AppleTalk protocol. 260.It netbt/ 261C include files for the Bluetooth protocol. 262.It netinet/ 263C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 264.Xr inet 4 ) . 265.It netinet6/ 266C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 267.Xr inet6 4 ) . 268.It netmpls/ 269C include files for the MPLS protocol. 270.It netnatm/ 271C include files for native mode ATM access. 272.It nfs/ 273C include files for NFS (Network File System). 274.It objc/ 275C include files for GNU Objective-C. 276.It openssl/ 277C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 278.Xr ssl 8 ) . 279.It protocols/ 280C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 281.It readline/ 282C include files for the 283.Xr readline 3 284library. 285.It rpc/ 286C include files for remote procedure calling (see 287.Xr rpc 5 ) . 288.It rpcsvc/ 289C include files for rpcsvc. 290.It scsi/ 291SCSI-specific C include files. 292.It sys/ 293System C include files (kernel data structures). 294.It ufs/ 295C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 296.It uvm/ 297C include files for the virtual memory interface. 298.It xfs/ 299C include files for the XFS file system. 300.El 301.Pp 302.It lib/ 303System libraries. 304See 305.Xr intro 3 306for a description of library types. 307.It libdata/ 308Miscellaneous utility data files. 309.Pp 310.Bl -tag -width "ldscripts/" -compact 311.It cvs/ 312Placeholder for user contributed 313.Xr cvs 1 314code/scripts. 315.It ldscripts/ 316ELF linker scripts. 317.It lint/ 318Prebuilt 319.Xr lint 1 320libraries. 321.It perl5/ 322Data files for 323.Xr perl 1 . 324.It ssh/ 325Data file for 326.Xr ssh 1 . 327.El 328.Pp 329.It libexec/ 330System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 331.Pp 332.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 333.It auth/ 334Login scripts used to authenticate users (for BSD authentication). 335.It cvs/contrib/ 336User contributed 337.Xr cvs 1 338scripts. 339.It lpr/ 340Contains the lpf filter for 341.Xr lpd 8 . 342.It sendmail/ 343Contains the 344.Xr sendmail 8 345binary. 346.It sm.bin/ 347Binaries to be run by 348.Xr smrsh 8 . 349.It smtpd/ 350Binaries related to 351.Xr smtpd 8 . 352.El 353.Pp 354.It lkm/ 355Loadable kernel modules. 356.It local/ 357Local executables, libraries, etc. 358.It mdec/ 359Boot-related executables. 360.It obj/ 361Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 362.Pa /usr/src 363tree. 364.It ports/ 365The 366.Ox 367ports collection (see 368.Xr ports 7 ) . 369.It sbin/ 370System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 371.It share/ 372Architecture independent data files. 373.Pp 374.Bl -tag -width "groff_font/" -compact 375.It calendar/ 376Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 377.Xr calendar 1 ) . 378.It dict/ 379Word lists (see 380.Xr look 1 381and 382.Xr spell 1 ) . 383.Pp 384.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 385.It american 386Spellings preferred in American usage. 387.It british 388Spellings preferred in British usage. 389.It eign 390List of common words. 391.It propernames 392List of proper names. 393.It stop 394Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 395.Xr spell 1 396from words in the other files in 397.Pa /usr/share/dict , 398but should not be accepted. 399.It web2 400Words from Webster's 2nd International. 401.It web2a 402Additional words from Webster's. 403.It words 404Common words. 405.It papers/ 406Reference databases (see 407.Xr refer 1 ) . 408.It special/ 409Custom word lists. 410.El 411.Pp 412.It doc/ 413Miscellaneous documentation; 414source for most of the 415.Bx 4.3 416manuals. 417.Pp 418.Bl -tag -width html/ -compact 419.It html/ 420HTML documentation. 421.It psd/ 422.Ux 423Programmer's Supplementary Documents (PSD). 424.It smm/ 425.Ux 426System Manager's Manuals (SMM). 427.It usd/ 428.Ux 429User's Supplementary Documents (USD). 430.El 431.Pp 432.It games/ 433ASCII text files used by various games. 434.It groff_font/ 435GNU troff shared fonts. 436.It info/ 437Texinfo source files. 438.It lkm/ 439Example source code implementing several lkm module types (see 440.Xr lkm 4 ) . 441.It locale/ 442Locales for multi-language support. 443.It man/ 444Manual pages. 445.Pp 446.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 447.It cat*/ 448Preformatted 449.Xr man 1 450pages. 451Layout similar to man (below). 452.It man1/ 453General commands (tools and utilities). 454.It man2/ 455System calls and error numbers. 456.It man3/ 457Libraries. 458.It man3p/ 459.Xr perl 1 460programmers' reference guide. 461.It man4/ 462Special files and hardware support. 463.It man5/ 464File formats. 465.It man6/ 466Games. 467.It man7/ 468Miscellaneous. 469.It man8/ 470System maintenance and operation commands. 471.It man9/ 472Kernel internals. 473.El 474.Pp 475.It misc/ 476Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 477.Pp 478.Bl -tag -width terminfo.db -compact 479.It termcap 480Terminal characteristics database (see 481.Xr termcap 5 ) . 482.It termcap.db 483Hash database file containing terminal descriptions (see 484.Xr cap_mkdb 1 ) . 485.It terminfo.db 486Terminal information database. 487.It pcvtfonts/ 488Additional i386 console fonts. 489.El 490.Pp 491.It mk/ 492Templates for 493.Xr make 494(see 495.Xr make 1 ) . 496.It nls/ 497National Language Support (NLS) catalogs. 498.It sendmail/ 499Example files for 500.Xr sendmail 8 . 501.It snmp/ 502Data files for 503.Xr snmpd 8 . 504.Pp 505.Bl -tag -width mibs/ -compact 506.It mibs/ 507Management Information Base (MIB) definitions. 508.El 509.Pp 510.It tabset/ 511Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 512the termcap file (see 513.Xr termcap 5 ) . 514.It texinfo/ 515Templates for 516.Xr texinfo 5 . 517.It tmac/ 518Text processing macros (see 519.Xr nroff 1 520and 521.Xr troff 1 ) . 522.It vi/catalog/ 523Catalog files for the 524.Xr vi 1 525text editor. 526.It zoneinfo/ 527Time zone configuration information (see 528.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 529.El 530.Pp 531.It src/ 532BSD and/or local source files. 533.Pp 534.Bl -tag -width "kerberosV/" -compact 535.It bin/ 536Source for files in 537.Pa /bin . 538.It distrib/ 539Source for making distribution sets. 540.It etc/ 541Source for files in 542.Pa /etc . 543.It games/ 544Source for files in 545.Pa /usr/games . 546.It gnu/ 547Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 548.It include/ 549Source for files in 550.Pa /usr/include . 551.It kerberosV/ 552Source for Kerberos version V. 553.It lib/ 554Source for files in 555.Pa /usr/lib . 556.It libexec/ 557Source for files in 558.Pa /usr/libexec . 559.It regress/ 560Regress framework. 561.It sbin/ 562Source for files in 563.Pa /sbin . 564.It share/ 565Source for files in 566.Pa /usr/share . 567.It sys/ 568Kernel source files. 569.It usr.bin/ 570Source for files in 571.Pa /usr/bin . 572.It usr.sbin/ 573Source for files in 574.Pa /usr/sbin . 575.El 576.Pp 577.It xenocara/ 578Source for the X11 window system. 579.Pp 580.It xobj/ 581Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 582.Pa /usr/xenocara 583tree. 584.El 585.It /var/ 586Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 587.Pp 588.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 589.It account/ 590System accounting files. 591.Pp 592.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 593.It acct 594Execution accounting file (see 595.Xr acct 5 ) . 596.El 597.Pp 598.It audit/ 599Audit logs. 600.It authpf/ 601PID file for 602.Xr authpf 8 . 603.It backups/ 604Miscellaneous backup files. 605.It crash/ 606Crash dumps written by 607.Xr savecore 8 . 608.It cron/ 609Spools and configuration files for 610.Xr cron 8 611and 612.Xr at 1 . 613.Pp 614.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 615.It atjobs/ 616.Xr at 1 617jobs. 618.It tabs/ 619Individual 620.Xr crontab 1 621files. 622.El 623.Pp 624.It db/ 625Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 626.It empty/ 627Generic 628.Xr chroot 2 629directory. 630.It games/ 631Miscellaneous game status and log files. 632.It log/ 633Miscellaneous system log files. 634.Pp 635.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 636.It wtmp 637Login/logout log (see 638.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 639.It rdist/ 640Log files for 641.Xr rdist 1 . 642.El 643.Pp 644.It mail/ 645User mailbox files. 646.It msgs/ 647Database for 648.Xr msgs 1 . 649.It named/ 650Chroot directory for 651.Xr named 8 . 652.It quotas/ 653Filesystem quota information files. 654.It run/ 655System information files describing various info about the 656system since it was booted. 657.Pp 658.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 659.It utmp 660Database of current users (see 661.Xr utmp 5 ) . 662.It sudo/ 663Timestamps for 664.Xr sudo 8 . 665.El 666.Pp 667.It rwho/ 668.Xr rwho 669data files (see 670.Xr rwhod 8 , 671.Xr rwho 1 , 672and 673.Xr ruptime 1 ) . 674.It spool/ 675Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 676.Pp 677.Bl -tag -width "clientmqueue/" -compact 678.It clientmqueue/ 679Mail messages waiting to be processed by the sendmail clientmqueue helper 680task (see 681.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 682.It ftp/ 683Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 684.It lock/ 685Lock files for utilities such as 686.Xr cu 1 , 687.Xr tip 1 688and 689.Xr uucp . 690.It mqueue/ 691Undelivered mail queue (see 692.Xr sendmail 8 ) . 693.It output/ 694Line printer spooling directories. 695.It smtpd/ 696Mail spool for 697.Xr smtpd 8 . 698.It uucp/ 699.Xr uucp 700spool directory. 701.It uucppublic/ 702Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 703.El 704.Pp 705.It tmp/ 706Temporary files that are kept between system reboots. 707Periodically cleaned by 708.Xr daily 8 . 709.It www/ 710ServerRoot point for 711.Xr httpd 8 . 712.It yp/ 713Files for the 714.Xr yp 8 715subsystem. 716.El 717.El 718.Sh SEE ALSO 719.Xr apropos 1 , 720.Xr find 1 , 721.Xr locate 1 , 722.Xr whatis 1 , 723.Xr whereis 1 , 724.Xr which 1 725.Sh HISTORY 726A 727.Nm 728manual page appeared in 729.At v7 . 730