1.\" $OpenBSD: hier.7,v 1.151 2016/03/02 13:02:11 sthen Exp $ 2.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.7 1994/11/30 19:07:10 jtc Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 32.\" 33.Dd $Mdocdate: March 2 2016 $ 34.Dt HIER 7 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm hier 38.Nd layout of filesystems 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 41.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/" 42.It / 43Root directory. 44.It /altroot/ 45Alternate (backup) location for the root 46.Pq Sq / 47filesystem 48(see 49.Xr daily 8 ) . 50.It /bin/ 51User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 52These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 53system libraries to run. 54.It /bsd 55Pure kernel executable 56(the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time). 57.It /bsd.mp 58Pure kernel executable 59for multiprocessor machines. 60.It /bsd.rd 61Installation kernel. 62The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run 63without an external file system, so this kernel is useful 64for limited system maintenance too. 65.It /bsd.sp 66Pure kernel executable 67for single processor machines. 68.It /dev/ 69Block and character device files. 70.Pp 71.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 72.It MAKEDEV 73Script for creating device files (see 74.Xr MAKEDEV 8 ) . 75.It fd/ 76File descriptor files (see 77.Xr fd 4 ) . 78.El 79.It /etc/ 80System configuration files and scripts. 81.Pp 82.Bl -tag -width "raddb/servers/" -compact 83.It localtime 84Local time zone information (see 85.Xr ctime 3 ) . 86.It X11/ 87Configuration files for the X11 window system. 88.It amd/ 89Contains map files for 90.Xr amd 8 . 91.It authpf/ 92Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see 93.Xr authpf 8 ) . 94.It examples/ 95Example configuration files for base system daemons. 96.It firmware/ 97Firmware files for various devices. 98.It fonts/ 99Configuration files for X11 window system fonts. 100.It hotplug/ 101Scripts for the hotplug daemon, 102.Xr hotplugd 8 . 103.It iked/ 104Configuration files for 105.Xr iked 8 . 106.It isakmpd/ 107Configuration files for 108.Xr isakmpd 8 . 109.It ldap/ 110Certificates and schema definition files for 111.Xr ldapd 8 . 112.It mail/ 113System mail configuration files. 114.It mtree/ 115.Xr mtree 8 116configuration files. 117.It npppd/ 118.Xr npppd 8 119configuration files. 120.It ppp/ 121.Xr pppd 8 122configuration files. 123.It raddb/servers/ 124List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for 125.Xr login_radius 8 . 126.It rc.d/ 127.Xr packages 7 128start/stop scripts and subroutines for 129.Xr rc 8 . 130.It signify/ 131Key files used by 132.Xr signify 1 . 133.It skel/ 134Example 135.Sq .\& 136(dot) files for new accounts. 137.It skey/ 138One-time password user database for 139.Xr skey 1 . 140.It ssh/ 141Configuration files for 142.Xr ssh 1 143and 144.Xr sshd 8 . 145.It ssl/ 146OpenSSL configuration files (see 147.Xr openssl 1 ) . 148.It systrace/ 149Sample 150.Xr systrace 1 151policies. 152.El 153.It /home/ 154Default location for user home directories. 155.It /mnt/ 156Empty directory commonly used by 157system administrators as a temporary mount point. 158.It /root/ 159Default home directory for the superuser. 160.It /sbin/ 161System programs and administration utilities 162fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. 163These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any 164system libraries to run. 165.It /tmp/ 166Temporary files that are 167.Em not 168preserved between system reboots. 169Periodically cleaned by 170.Xr daily 8 . 171.It /usr/ 172Contains the majority of user utilities and applications. 173.Pp 174.Bl -tag -width "xenocara/" -compact 175.It X11R6/ 176Files required for the X11 window system. 177.Pp 178.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact 179.It bin/ 180X11 binaries. 181.It include/ 182X11-specific C include files. 183.It lib/ 184X11 archive libraries. 185.Pp 186.Bl -tag -width "pkgconfig/" -compact 187.It X11/ 188Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications. 189.It modules/ 190Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system. 191.It pkgconfig/ 192Package metadata for 193.Xr pkg-config 1 . 194.It xorg/ 195Data files used by the X server. 196.El 197.Pp 198.It man/ 199X11 manual pages. 200.It share/ 201Architecture independent data files. 202.El 203.Pp 204.It bin/ 205Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. 206.It games/ 207Useful and semi-frivolous programs. 208.It include/ 209Standard C include files. 210.Pp 211.Bl -tag -width "libmilter/" -compact 212.It arpa/ 213C include files for Internet service protocols. 214.It crypto/ 215C include files for the cryptographic libraries. 216.It ddb/ 217C include files for the kernel debugger (see 218.Xr ddb 4 ) . 219.It dev/ 220Device-specific C include files. 221.It g++/ 222Include files for the GNU C++ compiler. 223.It isofs/ 224C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660). 225.It machine/ 226Machine specific C include files. 227.It miscfs/ 228C include files for miscellaneous file systems. 229.It msdosfs/ 230C include files for MS-DOS file system. 231.It net/ 232Miscellaneous network C include files. 233.It net80211/ 234C include files for 802.11 wireless networking. 235.It netinet/ 236C include files for Internet standard protocols (see 237.Xr inet 4 ) . 238.It netinet6/ 239C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see 240.Xr inet6 4 ) . 241.It netmpls/ 242C include files for the MPLS protocol. 243.It nfs/ 244C include files for NFS (Network File System). 245.It ntfs/ 246C include files for NTFS file system. 247.It objc/ 248C include files for GNU Objective-C. 249.It openssl/ 250C include files for the OpenSSL library (see 251.Xr ssl 8 ) . 252.It protocols/ 253C include files for Berkeley service protocols. 254.It readline/ 255C include files for the 256.Xr readline 3 257library. 258.It rpc/ 259C include files for remote procedure calling (see 260.Xr rpc 5 ) . 261.It rpcsvc/ 262C include files for rpcsvc. 263.It scsi/ 264SCSI-specific C include files. 265.It sys/ 266System C include files (kernel data structures). 267.It ufs/ 268C include files for UFS (the U-word File System). 269.It uvm/ 270C include files for the virtual memory interface. 271.El 272.Pp 273.It lib/ 274System libraries. 275See 276.Xr intro 3 277for a description of library types. 278.It libdata/ 279Miscellaneous utility data files. 280.Pp 281.Bl -tag -width "ldscripts/" -compact 282.It cvs/ 283Placeholder for user contributed 284.Xr cvs 1 285code/scripts. 286.It ldscripts/ 287ELF linker scripts. 288.It perl5/ 289Data files for 290.Xr perl 1 . 291.El 292.Pp 293.It libexec/ 294System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs). 295.Pp 296.Bl -tag -width "cvs/contrib/" -compact 297.It auth/ 298Login scripts used to authenticate users (for 299.Bx 300Authentication). 301.It cvs/contrib/ 302User contributed 303.Xr cvs 1 304scripts. 305.It lpr/ 306Contains the lpf filter for 307.Xr lpd 8 . 308.It radiusd/ 309Authentication modules for 310.Xr radiusd 8 . 311.El 312.Pp 313.It local/ 314Local executables, libraries, etc. 315.It mdec/ 316Boot-related executables. 317.It obj/ 318Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 319.Pa /usr/src 320tree. 321.It ports/ 322The 323.Ox 324ports collection (see 325.Xr ports 7 ) . 326.It sbin/ 327System daemons and utilities (executed by users). 328.It share/ 329Architecture independent data files. 330.Pp 331.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 332.It calendar/ 333Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see 334.Xr calendar 1 ) . 335.It dict/ 336Word lists (see 337.Xr look 1 338and 339.Xr spell 1 ) . 340.Pp 341.Bl -tag -width propernames -compact 342.It american 343Spellings preferred in American usage. 344.It british 345Spellings preferred in British usage. 346.It eign 347List of common words. 348.It propernames 349List of proper names. 350.It stop 351Forms that would otherwise be derivable by 352.Xr spell 1 353from words in the other files in 354.Pa /usr/share/dict , 355but should not be accepted. 356.It web2 357Words from Webster's 2nd International. 358.It web2a 359Additional words from Webster's. 360.It words 361Common words. 362.It papers/ 363Reference databases. 364.It special/ 365Custom word lists. 366.El 367.Pp 368.It doc/ 369Miscellaneous documentation. 370.It games/ 371ASCII text files used by various games. 372.It info/ 373Texinfo source files. 374.It locale/ 375Locales for multi-language support. 376.It man/ 377Manual pages. 378.Pp 379.Bl -tag -width man3p/ -compact 380.It man1/ 381General commands (tools and utilities). 382.It man2/ 383System calls and error numbers. 384.It man3/ 385Libraries. 386.It man3p/ 387.Xr perl 1 388programmers' reference guide. 389.It man4/ 390Special files and hardware support. 391.It man5/ 392File formats. 393.It man6/ 394Games. 395.It man7/ 396Miscellaneous. 397.It man8/ 398System maintenance and operation commands. 399.It man9/ 400Kernel internals. 401.El 402.Pp 403.It misc/ 404Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files. 405.Pp 406.Bl -tag -width pcvtfonts/ -compact 407.It termcap 408Terminal characteristics database (see 409.Xr termcap 5 ) . 410.It pcvtfonts/ 411Additional i386 console fonts. 412.El 413.Pp 414.It mk/ 415Templates for 416.Xr make 1 . 417.It snmp/ 418Data files for 419.Xr snmpd 8 . 420.Pp 421.Bl -tag -width mibs/ -compact 422.It mibs/ 423Management Information Base (MIB) definitions. 424.El 425.Pp 426.It tabset/ 427Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 428the termcap file (see 429.Xr termcap 5 ) . 430.It terminfo/ 431Compiled terminal characteristic files (see 432.Xr terminfo 5 ) . 433.It texinfo/ 434Templates for 435.Xr texinfo 5 . 436.It zoneinfo/ 437Time zone configuration information (see 438.Xr tzfile 5 ) . 439.El 440.Pp 441.It src/ 442.Bx 443and/or local source files. 444.Pp 445.Bl -tag -width "usr.sbin/" -compact 446.It bin/ 447Source for files in 448.Pa /bin . 449.It distrib/ 450Source for making distribution sets. 451.It etc/ 452Source for files in 453.Pa /etc . 454.It games/ 455Source for files in 456.Pa /usr/games . 457.It gnu/ 458Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses. 459.It include/ 460Source for files in 461.Pa /usr/include . 462.It lib/ 463Source for files in 464.Pa /usr/lib . 465.It libexec/ 466Source for files in 467.Pa /usr/libexec . 468.It regress/ 469Regress framework. 470.It sbin/ 471Source for files in 472.Pa /sbin . 473.It share/ 474Source for files in 475.Pa /usr/share . 476.It sys/ 477Kernel source files. 478.It usr.bin/ 479Source for files in 480.Pa /usr/bin . 481.It usr.sbin/ 482Source for files in 483.Pa /usr/sbin . 484.El 485.Pp 486.It xenocara/ 487Source for the X11 window system. 488.Pp 489.It xobj/ 490Architecture specific target tree produced by building the 491.Pa /usr/xenocara 492tree. 493.El 494.It /var/ 495Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. 496.Pp 497.Bl -tag -width "sysmerge/" -compact 498.It account/ 499System accounting files. 500.Pp 501.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 502.It acct 503Execution accounting file (see 504.Xr acct 5 ) . 505.El 506.Pp 507.It audit/ 508Audit logs. 509.It authpf/ 510PID file for 511.Xr authpf 8 . 512.It backups/ 513Miscellaneous backup files. 514.It cache/ 515Data cached for programs. 516.It crash/ 517Crash dumps written by 518.Xr savecore 8 . 519.It cron/ 520Spools and configuration files for 521.Xr cron 8 522and 523.Xr at 1 . 524.Pp 525.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 526.It atjobs/ 527.Xr at 1 528jobs. 529.It tabs/ 530Individual 531.Xr crontab 1 532files. 533.El 534.Pp 535.It db/ 536Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files. 537.It empty/ 538Generic 539.Xr chroot 2 540directory. 541.It games/ 542Miscellaneous game status and log files. 543.It log/ 544Miscellaneous system log files. 545.Pp 546.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 547.It wtmp 548Login/logout log (see 549.Xr wtmp 5 ) . 550.It rdist/ 551Log files for 552.Xr rdist 1 . 553.El 554.Pp 555.It mail/ 556User mailbox files. 557.It nsd/ 558Database and zone files for 559.Xr nsd 8 . 560.It quotas/ 561Filesystem quota information files. 562.It run/ 563System information files describing various info about the 564system since it was booted. 565.Pp 566.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 567.It rc.d/ 568Details of currently running daemons; 569used by 570.Xr rc.d 8 . 571.It utmp 572Database of current users (see 573.Xr utmp 5 ) . 574.El 575.Pp 576.It spool/ 577Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. 578.Pp 579.Bl -tag -width "uucppublic/" -compact 580.It ftp/ 581Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory. 582.It lock/ 583Lock files for utilities such as 584.Xr pppd 8 . 585.It output/ 586Line printer spooling directories. 587.It smtpd/ 588Mail spool for 589.Xr smtpd 8 . 590.It uucp/ 591uucp spool directory. 592.It uucppublic/ 593Commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory. 594.El 595.Pp 596.It sysmerge/ 597Checksum files and reference sets 598for 599.Xr sysmerge 8 . 600.It tmp -> ../tmp 601A symbolic link to the system 602.Pa /tmp 603directory. 604To protect other users of 605.Pa /var 606from overfill conditions, this is no longer a space you can trust to 607retain storage over a reboot. 608Periodically cleaned by 609.Xr daily 8 . 610.It unbound/ 611Configuration files for 612.Xr unbound 8 . 613.It www/ 614Configuration files for 615.Xr httpd 8 . 616.It yp/ 617Files for the 618.Xr yp 8 619subsystem. 620.El 621.El 622.Sh SEE ALSO 623.Xr apropos 1 , 624.Xr find 1 , 625.Xr locate 1 , 626.Xr whatis 1 , 627.Xr whereis 1 , 628.Xr which 1 629.Sh HISTORY 630A 631.Nm 632manual page appeared in 633.At v7 . 634